Deprecated (16384): The ArrayAccess methods will be removed in 4.0.0.Use getParam(), getData() and getQuery() instead. - /home/brlfuser/public_html/src/Controller/ArtileDetailController.php, line: 150
 You can disable deprecation warnings by setting `Error.errorLevel` to `E_ALL & ~E_USER_DEPRECATED` in your config/app.php. [CORE/src/Core/functions.php, line 311]
Code Context


        trigger_error($message, E_USER_DEPRECATED);

    }
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 You can disable deprecation warnings by setting `Error.errorLevel` to `E_ALL & ~E_USER_DEPRECATED` in your config/app.php.'
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deprecationWarning - CORE/src/Core/functions.php, line 311
Cake\Http\ServerRequest::offsetGet() - CORE/src/Http/ServerRequest.php, line 2421
App\Controller\ArtileDetailController::index() - APP/Controller/ArtileDetailController.php, line 150
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Cake\Http\Runner::__invoke() - CORE/src/Http/Runner.php, line 65
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Cake\Http\Runner::__invoke() - CORE/src/Http/Runner.php, line 65
Cake\Http\Runner::run() - CORE/src/Http/Runner.php, line 51
Cake\Http\Server::run() - CORE/src/Http/Server.php, line 98

Deprecated (16384): The ArrayAccess methods will be removed in 4.0.0.Use getParam(), getData() and getQuery() instead. - /home/brlfuser/public_html/src/Controller/ArtileDetailController.php, line: 151
 You can disable deprecation warnings by setting `Error.errorLevel` to `E_ALL & ~E_USER_DEPRECATED` in your config/app.php. [CORE/src/Core/functions.php, line 311]
Code Context


        trigger_error($message, E_USER_DEPRECATED);

    }
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 You can disable deprecation warnings by setting `Error.errorLevel` to `E_ALL & ~E_USER_DEPRECATED` in your config/app.php.'
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deprecationWarning - CORE/src/Core/functions.php, line 311
Cake\Http\ServerRequest::offsetGet() - CORE/src/Http/ServerRequest.php, line 2421
App\Controller\ArtileDetailController::index() - APP/Controller/ArtileDetailController.php, line 151
Cake\Controller\Controller::invokeAction() - CORE/src/Controller/Controller.php, line 610
Cake\Http\ActionDispatcher::_invoke() - CORE/src/Http/ActionDispatcher.php, line 120
Cake\Http\ActionDispatcher::dispatch() - CORE/src/Http/ActionDispatcher.php, line 94
Cake\Http\BaseApplication::__invoke() - CORE/src/Http/BaseApplication.php, line 235
Cake\Http\Runner::__invoke() - CORE/src/Http/Runner.php, line 65
Cake\Routing\Middleware\RoutingMiddleware::__invoke() - CORE/src/Routing/Middleware/RoutingMiddleware.php, line 162
Cake\Http\Runner::__invoke() - CORE/src/Http/Runner.php, line 65
Cake\Routing\Middleware\AssetMiddleware::__invoke() - CORE/src/Routing/Middleware/AssetMiddleware.php, line 97
Cake\Http\Runner::__invoke() - CORE/src/Http/Runner.php, line 65
Cake\Error\Middleware\ErrorHandlerMiddleware::__invoke() - CORE/src/Error/Middleware/ErrorHandlerMiddleware.php, line 96
Cake\Http\Runner::__invoke() - CORE/src/Http/Runner.php, line 65
Cake\Http\Runner::run() - CORE/src/Http/Runner.php, line 51
Cake\Http\Server::run() - CORE/src/Http/Server.php, line 98

Warning (512): Unable to emit headers. Headers sent in file=/home/brlfuser/public_html/vendor/cakephp/cakephp/src/Error/Debugger.php line=853 [CORE/src/Http/ResponseEmitter.php, line 48]
Code Context
            if (Configure::read('debug')) {

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On the 148th birth anniversary of Mahatma Gandhi, cleanliness drives were officially organised across the country so as to promote Swachh Bharat Abhiyan. A few days before 2nd October, the National Institute of Nutrition (NIN), under the Indian Council of..."/>
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    <h1 class="cat-box-title">Access to sanitary latrines &amp; child nutritional status are inter-linked, shows new urban survey</h1>
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                            <br /><div align="justify">On the 148th birth anniversary of Mahatma Gandhi, cleanliness drives were officially organised across the country so as to promote Swachh Bharat Abhiyan. A few days before 2nd October, the National Institute of Nutrition (NIN), under the Indian Council of Medical Research (ICMR), released a report that attempts to connect the dots between sanitation and nutritional status of children. <br /><br />Please <a href="https://im4change.in/docs/555NNMB%20Urban%20Nutrition%20survey%20report.pdf" title="https://im4change.in/docs/555NNMB%20Urban%20Nutrition%20survey%20report.pdf">click here</a> to access the survey report from NIN. &nbsp;<br /><br />On the basis of a comprehensive urban nutrition survey, which was carried out among 3,600 households in 16 states during 2015-16, the technical report from National Nutrition Monitoring Bureau (NNMB) has found that the prevalence of under-nutrition is highest among children belonging to those households who do not have access to sanitary latrines. <br /><br />As could be observed from chart-1, in urban areas the proportion of underweight, stunting and wasting is highest among those boys (below 5 years) who belong to households without any access to sanitary latrines i.e. 43.0 percent, 50.2 percent and 22.0 percent, respectively. The proportion of under-nutrition (for all 3 categories i.e. underweight, stunting and wasting) is lowest among those boys (below 5 years) who belong to households having and using sanitary latrines. <br /><br /><strong>Chart 1: Prevalence of under-nutrition among urban boys below 5 years by use of sanitary latrine (in %)<br /></strong></div><div align="justify">&nbsp;</div><div align="justify"><img src="https://im4change.in/siteadmin/tinymce/uploaded/Chart%201%20Prevalence%20of%20undernutrition%20among%20urban%20boys%20below%205%20years.jpg" alt="Chart 1 Prevalence of undernutrition among urban boys below 5 years" width="331" height="165" /><br /><br /><em><strong>Source: </strong>Diet and Nutritional Status of Urban Population in India and Prevalence of Obesity, Hypertension, Diabetes and Hyperlipidemia in Urban Men and Women, NNMB, NIN<br /></em><br />In urban areas, the proportion of underweight, stunting and wasting is highest among those girls (below 5 years) who belong to households without any access to sanitary latrines i.e. 40.5 percent, 44.6 percent and 19.7 percent, respectively. The proportion of under-nutrition (for all 3 categories i.e. underweight, stunting and wasting) is lowest among those girls (below 5 years) who belong to households having and using sanitary latrines. Please see chart-2.<br /><br /><strong>Chart 2: Prevalence of under-nutrition among urban girls below 5 years by use of sanitary latrine (in %)</strong><br /></div><div align="justify">&nbsp;</div><div align="justify"><img src="https://im4change.in/siteadmin/tinymce/uploaded/Chart%202%20Prevalence%20of%20undernutrition%20among%20urban%20girls%20below%205%20years.jpg" alt="Chart 2 Prevalence of undernutrition among urban girls below 5 years" width="340" height="180" /> <br /></div><div align="justify">&nbsp;</div><div align="justify"><em><strong>Source: </strong>Diet and Nutritional Status of Urban Population in India and Prevalence of Obesity, Hypertension, Diabetes and Hyperlipidemia in Urban Men and Women, NNMB, NIN<br /></em><br />It can be mentioned here that the Swachh Survekshan 2017 had found that out of 500 cities, only 118 cities are Open Defecation Free (ODF). Please <a href="http://swachh-survekshan.in/SS_2017_Report.pdf" title="http://swachh-survekshan.in/SS_2017_Report.pdf">click here</a> to access the report. <br /><br />In a recent interview given to The Caravan Magazine, economist Diane Coffey said that although the government is promoting construction of affordable latrines, people prefer open defecation instead of using latrines on account of social taboo and caste-based prejudices. Emptying the pits of affordable latrines (when they get filled up) is considered as either a taboo or an unpleasant job. Please <a href="https://im4change.in/interviews/diane-coffey-visiting-researcher-at-indian-statistical-institute-delhi-and-also-assistant-professor-at-the-university-of-texas-at-austin-interviewed-by-sagar-caravanmagazine-in-4682426.html" title="https://im4change.in/interviews/diane-coffey-visiting-researcher-at-indian-statistical-institute-delhi-and-also-assistant-professor-at-the-university-of-texas-at-austin-interviewed-by-sagar-caravanmagazine-in-4682426.html">click here</a> to access the interview.<br /><br />Diane Coffey and Dean Spears, both visiting scholars at Indian Statistical Institute in Delhi and also assistant professors at the University of Texas at Austin, have found in their research that as a result of poor sanitation, rural children die young and those who survive grow up physically and cognitively stunted.<br /><br /><strong>Nutritional status of children in urban India<br /></strong><br />According to the NIN urban survey, the overall prevalence of underweight, stunting and wasting among children below 5 years during 2015-16 was 25.1 percent, 28.7 percent and 16.0 percent, respectively. <br /><br />The fourth round of National Family Health Survey (i.e. NFHS-4) had found that the prevalence of underweight, stunting and wasting among children below 5 years in urban areas during 2015-16 was 29.1 percent, 31.0 percent and 20.0 percent, respectively. However, the NIN and NFHS-4 survey results may not be strictly comparable. <br /><br /><strong>Table 1: Prevalence of under-nutrition among children belonging to SC, ST, OBC &amp; other households (in %)<br /></strong></div><div align="justify">&nbsp;</div><div align="justify"><img src="https://im4change.in/siteadmin/tinymce/uploaded/Table%201%20Prevalence%20of%20undernutrition%20among%20children%20belonging%20to%20SC%20ST%20OBC%20&amp;%20other%20households.jpg" alt="Table 1 Prevalence of undernutrition among children belonging to SC ST OBC &amp; other households" width="196" height="41" /> <br /></div><div align="justify"><br /><em><strong>Source: </strong>Diet and Nutritional Status of Urban Population in India and Prevalence of Obesity, Hypertension, Diabetes and Hyperlipidemia in Urban Men and Women, NNMB, NIN<br /></em><br />From the table-1, it could be noted that the prevalence of under-nutrition (for all 3 categories i.e. underweight, stunting and wasting) is highest among SC boys and among SC girls vis-&agrave;-vis boys and girls belonging to different social backgrounds, respectively. &nbsp;<br /><br /><strong><em><br />References</em></strong><br /><br />Diet and Nutritional Status of Urban Population in India and Prevalence of Obesity, Hypertension, Diabetes and Hyperlipidemia in Urban Men and Women, NNMB Brief Report on Urban Nutrition, National Nutrition Monitoring Bureau Technical Report no. 27, National Institute of Nutrition (NIN), released on 25 September, 2017, please <a href="https://im4change.in/docs/555NNMB%20Urban%20Nutrition%20survey%20report.pdf" title="https://im4change.in/docs/555NNMB%20Urban%20Nutrition%20survey%20report.pdf">click here</a> to access</div><div align="justify"><br />Swachh Survekshan 2017, Ministry of Urban Development, please <a href="http://swachh-survekshan.in/SS_2017_Report.pdf" title="http://swachh-survekshan.in/SS_2017_Report.pdf">click here</a> to access&nbsp; <br /><br />National Family Health Survey-4, <a href="http://rchiips.org/nfhs/factsheet_NFHS-4.shtml" title="http://rchiips.org/nfhs/factsheet_NFHS-4.shtml">http://rchiips.org/nfhs/factsheet_NFHS-4.shtml</a> <br /><br />National Family Health Survey-4 India Fact Sheet (2015-16), please <a href="https://im4change.in/docs/130India%20Fact%20Sheet%20NFHS-4%202015-16.pdf" title="https://im4change.in/docs/130India%20Fact%20Sheet%20NFHS-4%202015-16.pdf">click here</a> to read more&nbsp;&nbsp; <br /><br />Prevalence of wasting among children is rising, shows NFHS-4 data, News alert from Inclusive Media for Change dated 17 May 2017, please <a href="https://im4change.in/news-alerts/prevalence-of-wasting-among-children-is-rising-shows-nfhs-4-data-4681847.html" title="https://im4change.in/news-alerts/prevalence-of-wasting-among-children-is-rising-shows-nfhs-4-data-4681847.html">click here</a> to access&nbsp; <br /><br />Nutrition red flag in survey -GS Mudur, The Telegraph, 2 October, 2017, please <a href="https://im4change.in/latest-news-updates/nutrition-red-flag-in-survey-gs-mudur-4682885.html" title="https://im4change.in/latest-news-updates/nutrition-red-flag-in-survey-gs-mudur-4682885.html">click here</a> to access&nbsp; <br /><br />PM Modi remembers Mahatma Gandhi on his 148th birth anniversary, The Times of India, IANS, 2 October, 2017, please <a href="http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/pm-modi-remembers-mahatma-gandhi-on-his-148th-birth-anniversary/articleshow/60907470.cms" title="http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/pm-modi-remembers-mahatma-gandhi-on-his-148th-birth-anniversary/articleshow/60907470.cms">click here</a> to access <br /><br />Diane Coffey, visiting researcher at Indian Statistical Institute (Delhi) and also assistant professor at the University of Texas at Austin, interviewed by Sagar, CaravanMagazine.in, 30 July, 2017, please <a href="https://im4change.in/interviews/diane-coffey-visiting-researcher-at-indian-statistical-institute-delhi-and-also-assistant-professor-at-the-university-of-texas-at-austin-interviewed-by-sagar-caravanmagazine-in-4682426.html" title="https://im4change.in/interviews/diane-coffey-visiting-researcher-at-indian-statistical-institute-delhi-and-also-assistant-professor-at-the-university-of-texas-at-austin-interviewed-by-sagar-caravanmagazine-in-4682426.html">click here</a> to access&nbsp; <br /><br /><strong><br />Image Courtesy: Swachh Survekshan 2017</strong><br />&nbsp; <br /></div>                                                           
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    <h1 class="cat-box-title">Access to sanitary latrines &amp; child nutritional status are inter-linked, shows new urban survey</h1>
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                            <br /><div align="justify">On the 148th birth anniversary of Mahatma Gandhi, cleanliness drives were officially organised across the country so as to promote Swachh Bharat Abhiyan. A few days before 2nd October, the National Institute of Nutrition (NIN), under the Indian Council of Medical Research (ICMR), released a report that attempts to connect the dots between sanitation and nutritional status of children. <br /><br />Please <a href="https://im4change.in/docs/555NNMB%20Urban%20Nutrition%20survey%20report.pdf" title="https://im4change.in/docs/555NNMB%20Urban%20Nutrition%20survey%20report.pdf">click here</a> to access the survey report from NIN. &nbsp;<br /><br />On the basis of a comprehensive urban nutrition survey, which was carried out among 3,600 households in 16 states during 2015-16, the technical report from National Nutrition Monitoring Bureau (NNMB) has found that the prevalence of under-nutrition is highest among children belonging to those households who do not have access to sanitary latrines. <br /><br />As could be observed from chart-1, in urban areas the proportion of underweight, stunting and wasting is highest among those boys (below 5 years) who belong to households without any access to sanitary latrines i.e. 43.0 percent, 50.2 percent and 22.0 percent, respectively. The proportion of under-nutrition (for all 3 categories i.e. underweight, stunting and wasting) is lowest among those boys (below 5 years) who belong to households having and using sanitary latrines. <br /><br /><strong>Chart 1: Prevalence of under-nutrition among urban boys below 5 years by use of sanitary latrine (in %)<br /></strong></div><div align="justify">&nbsp;</div><div align="justify"><img src="https://im4change.in/siteadmin/tinymce/uploaded/Chart%201%20Prevalence%20of%20undernutrition%20among%20urban%20boys%20below%205%20years.jpg" alt="Chart 1 Prevalence of undernutrition among urban boys below 5 years" width="331" height="165" /><br /><br /><em><strong>Source: </strong>Diet and Nutritional Status of Urban Population in India and Prevalence of Obesity, Hypertension, Diabetes and Hyperlipidemia in Urban Men and Women, NNMB, NIN<br /></em><br />In urban areas, the proportion of underweight, stunting and wasting is highest among those girls (below 5 years) who belong to households without any access to sanitary latrines i.e. 40.5 percent, 44.6 percent and 19.7 percent, respectively. The proportion of under-nutrition (for all 3 categories i.e. underweight, stunting and wasting) is lowest among those girls (below 5 years) who belong to households having and using sanitary latrines. Please see chart-2.<br /><br /><strong>Chart 2: Prevalence of under-nutrition among urban girls below 5 years by use of sanitary latrine (in %)</strong><br /></div><div align="justify">&nbsp;</div><div align="justify"><img src="https://im4change.in/siteadmin/tinymce/uploaded/Chart%202%20Prevalence%20of%20undernutrition%20among%20urban%20girls%20below%205%20years.jpg" alt="Chart 2 Prevalence of undernutrition among urban girls below 5 years" width="340" height="180" /> <br /></div><div align="justify">&nbsp;</div><div align="justify"><em><strong>Source: </strong>Diet and Nutritional Status of Urban Population in India and Prevalence of Obesity, Hypertension, Diabetes and Hyperlipidemia in Urban Men and Women, NNMB, NIN<br /></em><br />It can be mentioned here that the Swachh Survekshan 2017 had found that out of 500 cities, only 118 cities are Open Defecation Free (ODF). Please <a href="http://swachh-survekshan.in/SS_2017_Report.pdf" title="http://swachh-survekshan.in/SS_2017_Report.pdf">click here</a> to access the report. <br /><br />In a recent interview given to The Caravan Magazine, economist Diane Coffey said that although the government is promoting construction of affordable latrines, people prefer open defecation instead of using latrines on account of social taboo and caste-based prejudices. Emptying the pits of affordable latrines (when they get filled up) is considered as either a taboo or an unpleasant job. Please <a href="https://im4change.in/interviews/diane-coffey-visiting-researcher-at-indian-statistical-institute-delhi-and-also-assistant-professor-at-the-university-of-texas-at-austin-interviewed-by-sagar-caravanmagazine-in-4682426.html" title="https://im4change.in/interviews/diane-coffey-visiting-researcher-at-indian-statistical-institute-delhi-and-also-assistant-professor-at-the-university-of-texas-at-austin-interviewed-by-sagar-caravanmagazine-in-4682426.html">click here</a> to access the interview.<br /><br />Diane Coffey and Dean Spears, both visiting scholars at Indian Statistical Institute in Delhi and also assistant professors at the University of Texas at Austin, have found in their research that as a result of poor sanitation, rural children die young and those who survive grow up physically and cognitively stunted.<br /><br /><strong>Nutritional status of children in urban India<br /></strong><br />According to the NIN urban survey, the overall prevalence of underweight, stunting and wasting among children below 5 years during 2015-16 was 25.1 percent, 28.7 percent and 16.0 percent, respectively. <br /><br />The fourth round of National Family Health Survey (i.e. NFHS-4) had found that the prevalence of underweight, stunting and wasting among children below 5 years in urban areas during 2015-16 was 29.1 percent, 31.0 percent and 20.0 percent, respectively. However, the NIN and NFHS-4 survey results may not be strictly comparable. <br /><br /><strong>Table 1: Prevalence of under-nutrition among children belonging to SC, ST, OBC &amp; other households (in %)<br /></strong></div><div align="justify">&nbsp;</div><div align="justify"><img src="https://im4change.in/siteadmin/tinymce/uploaded/Table%201%20Prevalence%20of%20undernutrition%20among%20children%20belonging%20to%20SC%20ST%20OBC%20&amp;%20other%20households.jpg" alt="Table 1 Prevalence of undernutrition among children belonging to SC ST OBC &amp; other households" width="196" height="41" /> <br /></div><div align="justify"><br /><em><strong>Source: </strong>Diet and Nutritional Status of Urban Population in India and Prevalence of Obesity, Hypertension, Diabetes and Hyperlipidemia in Urban Men and Women, NNMB, NIN<br /></em><br />From the table-1, it could be noted that the prevalence of under-nutrition (for all 3 categories i.e. underweight, stunting and wasting) is highest among SC boys and among SC girls vis-&agrave;-vis boys and girls belonging to different social backgrounds, respectively. &nbsp;<br /><br /><strong><em><br />References</em></strong><br /><br />Diet and Nutritional Status of Urban Population in India and Prevalence of Obesity, Hypertension, Diabetes and Hyperlipidemia in Urban Men and Women, NNMB Brief Report on Urban Nutrition, National Nutrition Monitoring Bureau Technical Report no. 27, National Institute of Nutrition (NIN), released on 25 September, 2017, please <a href="https://im4change.in/docs/555NNMB%20Urban%20Nutrition%20survey%20report.pdf" title="https://im4change.in/docs/555NNMB%20Urban%20Nutrition%20survey%20report.pdf">click here</a> to access</div><div align="justify"><br />Swachh Survekshan 2017, Ministry of Urban Development, please <a href="http://swachh-survekshan.in/SS_2017_Report.pdf" title="http://swachh-survekshan.in/SS_2017_Report.pdf">click here</a> to access&nbsp; <br /><br />National Family Health Survey-4, <a href="http://rchiips.org/nfhs/factsheet_NFHS-4.shtml" title="http://rchiips.org/nfhs/factsheet_NFHS-4.shtml">http://rchiips.org/nfhs/factsheet_NFHS-4.shtml</a> <br /><br />National Family Health Survey-4 India Fact Sheet (2015-16), please <a href="https://im4change.in/docs/130India%20Fact%20Sheet%20NFHS-4%202015-16.pdf" title="https://im4change.in/docs/130India%20Fact%20Sheet%20NFHS-4%202015-16.pdf">click here</a> to read more&nbsp;&nbsp; <br /><br />Prevalence of wasting among children is rising, shows NFHS-4 data, News alert from Inclusive Media for Change dated 17 May 2017, please <a href="https://im4change.in/news-alerts/prevalence-of-wasting-among-children-is-rising-shows-nfhs-4-data-4681847.html" title="https://im4change.in/news-alerts/prevalence-of-wasting-among-children-is-rising-shows-nfhs-4-data-4681847.html">click here</a> to access&nbsp; <br /><br />Nutrition red flag in survey -GS Mudur, The Telegraph, 2 October, 2017, please <a href="https://im4change.in/latest-news-updates/nutrition-red-flag-in-survey-gs-mudur-4682885.html" title="https://im4change.in/latest-news-updates/nutrition-red-flag-in-survey-gs-mudur-4682885.html">click here</a> to access&nbsp; <br /><br />PM Modi remembers Mahatma Gandhi on his 148th birth anniversary, The Times of India, IANS, 2 October, 2017, please <a href="http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/pm-modi-remembers-mahatma-gandhi-on-his-148th-birth-anniversary/articleshow/60907470.cms" title="http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/pm-modi-remembers-mahatma-gandhi-on-his-148th-birth-anniversary/articleshow/60907470.cms">click here</a> to access <br /><br />Diane Coffey, visiting researcher at Indian Statistical Institute (Delhi) and also assistant professor at the University of Texas at Austin, interviewed by Sagar, CaravanMagazine.in, 30 July, 2017, please <a href="https://im4change.in/interviews/diane-coffey-visiting-researcher-at-indian-statistical-institute-delhi-and-also-assistant-professor-at-the-university-of-texas-at-austin-interviewed-by-sagar-caravanmagazine-in-4682426.html" title="https://im4change.in/interviews/diane-coffey-visiting-researcher-at-indian-statistical-institute-delhi-and-also-assistant-professor-at-the-university-of-texas-at-austin-interviewed-by-sagar-caravanmagazine-in-4682426.html">click here</a> to access&nbsp; <br /><br /><strong><br />Image Courtesy: Swachh Survekshan 2017</strong><br />&nbsp; <br /></div>                                                           
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    <h1 class="cat-box-title">Access to sanitary latrines &amp; child nutritional status are inter-linked, shows new urban survey</h1>
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		 Published on</span><span class="text-date"> Oct 3, 2017</span>
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                            <br /><div align="justify">On the 148th birth anniversary of Mahatma Gandhi, cleanliness drives were officially organised across the country so as to promote Swachh Bharat Abhiyan. A few days before 2nd October, the National Institute of Nutrition (NIN), under the Indian Council of Medical Research (ICMR), released a report that attempts to connect the dots between sanitation and nutritional status of children. <br /><br />Please <a href="https://im4change.in/docs/555NNMB%20Urban%20Nutrition%20survey%20report.pdf" title="https://im4change.in/docs/555NNMB%20Urban%20Nutrition%20survey%20report.pdf">click here</a> to access the survey report from NIN. &nbsp;<br /><br />On the basis of a comprehensive urban nutrition survey, which was carried out among 3,600 households in 16 states during 2015-16, the technical report from National Nutrition Monitoring Bureau (NNMB) has found that the prevalence of under-nutrition is highest among children belonging to those households who do not have access to sanitary latrines. <br /><br />As could be observed from chart-1, in urban areas the proportion of underweight, stunting and wasting is highest among those boys (below 5 years) who belong to households without any access to sanitary latrines i.e. 43.0 percent, 50.2 percent and 22.0 percent, respectively. The proportion of under-nutrition (for all 3 categories i.e. underweight, stunting and wasting) is lowest among those boys (below 5 years) who belong to households having and using sanitary latrines. <br /><br /><strong>Chart 1: Prevalence of under-nutrition among urban boys below 5 years by use of sanitary latrine (in %)<br /></strong></div><div align="justify">&nbsp;</div><div align="justify"><img src="https://im4change.in/siteadmin/tinymce/uploaded/Chart%201%20Prevalence%20of%20undernutrition%20among%20urban%20boys%20below%205%20years.jpg" alt="Chart 1 Prevalence of undernutrition among urban boys below 5 years" width="331" height="165" /><br /><br /><em><strong>Source: </strong>Diet and Nutritional Status of Urban Population in India and Prevalence of Obesity, Hypertension, Diabetes and Hyperlipidemia in Urban Men and Women, NNMB, NIN<br /></em><br />In urban areas, the proportion of underweight, stunting and wasting is highest among those girls (below 5 years) who belong to households without any access to sanitary latrines i.e. 40.5 percent, 44.6 percent and 19.7 percent, respectively. The proportion of under-nutrition (for all 3 categories i.e. underweight, stunting and wasting) is lowest among those girls (below 5 years) who belong to households having and using sanitary latrines. Please see chart-2.<br /><br /><strong>Chart 2: Prevalence of under-nutrition among urban girls below 5 years by use of sanitary latrine (in %)</strong><br /></div><div align="justify">&nbsp;</div><div align="justify"><img src="https://im4change.in/siteadmin/tinymce/uploaded/Chart%202%20Prevalence%20of%20undernutrition%20among%20urban%20girls%20below%205%20years.jpg" alt="Chart 2 Prevalence of undernutrition among urban girls below 5 years" width="340" height="180" /> <br /></div><div align="justify">&nbsp;</div><div align="justify"><em><strong>Source: </strong>Diet and Nutritional Status of Urban Population in India and Prevalence of Obesity, Hypertension, Diabetes and Hyperlipidemia in Urban Men and Women, NNMB, NIN<br /></em><br />It can be mentioned here that the Swachh Survekshan 2017 had found that out of 500 cities, only 118 cities are Open Defecation Free (ODF). Please <a href="http://swachh-survekshan.in/SS_2017_Report.pdf" title="http://swachh-survekshan.in/SS_2017_Report.pdf">click here</a> to access the report. <br /><br />In a recent interview given to The Caravan Magazine, economist Diane Coffey said that although the government is promoting construction of affordable latrines, people prefer open defecation instead of using latrines on account of social taboo and caste-based prejudices. Emptying the pits of affordable latrines (when they get filled up) is considered as either a taboo or an unpleasant job. Please <a href="https://im4change.in/interviews/diane-coffey-visiting-researcher-at-indian-statistical-institute-delhi-and-also-assistant-professor-at-the-university-of-texas-at-austin-interviewed-by-sagar-caravanmagazine-in-4682426.html" title="https://im4change.in/interviews/diane-coffey-visiting-researcher-at-indian-statistical-institute-delhi-and-also-assistant-professor-at-the-university-of-texas-at-austin-interviewed-by-sagar-caravanmagazine-in-4682426.html">click here</a> to access the interview.<br /><br />Diane Coffey and Dean Spears, both visiting scholars at Indian Statistical Institute in Delhi and also assistant professors at the University of Texas at Austin, have found in their research that as a result of poor sanitation, rural children die young and those who survive grow up physically and cognitively stunted.<br /><br /><strong>Nutritional status of children in urban India<br /></strong><br />According to the NIN urban survey, the overall prevalence of underweight, stunting and wasting among children below 5 years during 2015-16 was 25.1 percent, 28.7 percent and 16.0 percent, respectively. <br /><br />The fourth round of National Family Health Survey (i.e. NFHS-4) had found that the prevalence of underweight, stunting and wasting among children below 5 years in urban areas during 2015-16 was 29.1 percent, 31.0 percent and 20.0 percent, respectively. However, the NIN and NFHS-4 survey results may not be strictly comparable. <br /><br /><strong>Table 1: Prevalence of under-nutrition among children belonging to SC, ST, OBC &amp; other households (in %)<br /></strong></div><div align="justify">&nbsp;</div><div align="justify"><img src="https://im4change.in/siteadmin/tinymce/uploaded/Table%201%20Prevalence%20of%20undernutrition%20among%20children%20belonging%20to%20SC%20ST%20OBC%20&amp;%20other%20households.jpg" alt="Table 1 Prevalence of undernutrition among children belonging to SC ST OBC &amp; other households" width="196" height="41" /> <br /></div><div align="justify"><br /><em><strong>Source: </strong>Diet and Nutritional Status of Urban Population in India and Prevalence of Obesity, Hypertension, Diabetes and Hyperlipidemia in Urban Men and Women, NNMB, NIN<br /></em><br />From the table-1, it could be noted that the prevalence of under-nutrition (for all 3 categories i.e. underweight, stunting and wasting) is highest among SC boys and among SC girls vis-&agrave;-vis boys and girls belonging to different social backgrounds, respectively. &nbsp;<br /><br /><strong><em><br />References</em></strong><br /><br />Diet and Nutritional Status of Urban Population in India and Prevalence of Obesity, Hypertension, Diabetes and Hyperlipidemia in Urban Men and Women, NNMB Brief Report on Urban Nutrition, National Nutrition Monitoring Bureau Technical Report no. 27, National Institute of Nutrition (NIN), released on 25 September, 2017, please <a href="https://im4change.in/docs/555NNMB%20Urban%20Nutrition%20survey%20report.pdf" title="https://im4change.in/docs/555NNMB%20Urban%20Nutrition%20survey%20report.pdf">click here</a> to access</div><div align="justify"><br />Swachh Survekshan 2017, Ministry of Urban Development, please <a href="http://swachh-survekshan.in/SS_2017_Report.pdf" title="http://swachh-survekshan.in/SS_2017_Report.pdf">click here</a> to access&nbsp; <br /><br />National Family Health Survey-4, <a href="http://rchiips.org/nfhs/factsheet_NFHS-4.shtml" title="http://rchiips.org/nfhs/factsheet_NFHS-4.shtml">http://rchiips.org/nfhs/factsheet_NFHS-4.shtml</a> <br /><br />National Family Health Survey-4 India Fact Sheet (2015-16), please <a href="https://im4change.in/docs/130India%20Fact%20Sheet%20NFHS-4%202015-16.pdf" title="https://im4change.in/docs/130India%20Fact%20Sheet%20NFHS-4%202015-16.pdf">click here</a> to read more&nbsp;&nbsp; <br /><br />Prevalence of wasting among children is rising, shows NFHS-4 data, News alert from Inclusive Media for Change dated 17 May 2017, please <a href="https://im4change.in/news-alerts/prevalence-of-wasting-among-children-is-rising-shows-nfhs-4-data-4681847.html" title="https://im4change.in/news-alerts/prevalence-of-wasting-among-children-is-rising-shows-nfhs-4-data-4681847.html">click here</a> to access&nbsp; <br /><br />Nutrition red flag in survey -GS Mudur, The Telegraph, 2 October, 2017, please <a href="https://im4change.in/latest-news-updates/nutrition-red-flag-in-survey-gs-mudur-4682885.html" title="https://im4change.in/latest-news-updates/nutrition-red-flag-in-survey-gs-mudur-4682885.html">click here</a> to access&nbsp; <br /><br />PM Modi remembers Mahatma Gandhi on his 148th birth anniversary, The Times of India, IANS, 2 October, 2017, please <a href="http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/pm-modi-remembers-mahatma-gandhi-on-his-148th-birth-anniversary/articleshow/60907470.cms" title="http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/pm-modi-remembers-mahatma-gandhi-on-his-148th-birth-anniversary/articleshow/60907470.cms">click here</a> to access <br /><br />Diane Coffey, visiting researcher at Indian Statistical Institute (Delhi) and also assistant professor at the University of Texas at Austin, interviewed by Sagar, CaravanMagazine.in, 30 July, 2017, please <a href="https://im4change.in/interviews/diane-coffey-visiting-researcher-at-indian-statistical-institute-delhi-and-also-assistant-professor-at-the-university-of-texas-at-austin-interviewed-by-sagar-caravanmagazine-in-4682426.html" title="https://im4change.in/interviews/diane-coffey-visiting-researcher-at-indian-statistical-institute-delhi-and-also-assistant-professor-at-the-university-of-texas-at-austin-interviewed-by-sagar-caravanmagazine-in-4682426.html">click here</a> to access&nbsp; <br /><br /><strong><br />Image Courtesy: Swachh Survekshan 2017</strong><br />&nbsp; <br /></div>                                                           
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Access to sanitary latrines & child nutritional status are inter-linked, shows new urban survey

Published on Oct 3, 2017   Modified on Oct 3, 2017

On the 148th birth anniversary of Mahatma Gandhi, cleanliness drives were officially organised across the country so as to promote Swachh Bharat Abhiyan. A few days before 2nd October, the National Institute of Nutrition (NIN), under the Indian Council of Medical Research (ICMR), released a report that attempts to connect the dots between sanitation and nutritional status of children. Please click here to access the survey report from NIN.   On the basis of a comprehensive urban nutrition survey, which was carried out among 3,600 households in 16 states during 2015-16, the technical report from National Nutrition Monitoring Bureau (NNMB) has found that the prevalence of under-nutrition is highest among children belonging to those households who do not have access to sanitary latrines. As could be observed from chart-1, in urban areas the proportion of underweight, stunting and wasting is highest among those boys (below 5 years) who belong to households without any access to sanitary latrines i.e. 43.0 percent, 50.2 percent and 22.0 percent, respectively. The proportion of under-nutrition (for all 3 categories i.e. underweight, stunting and wasting) is lowest among those boys (below 5 years) who belong to households having and using sanitary latrines. Chart 1: Prevalence of under-nutrition among urban boys below 5 years by use of sanitary latrine (in %)   Source: Diet and Nutritional Status of Urban Population in India and Prevalence of Obesity, Hypertension, Diabetes and Hyperlipidemia in Urban Men and Women, NNMB, NIN In urban areas, the proportion of underweight, stunting and wasting is highest among those girls (below 5 years) who belong to households without any access to sanitary latrines i.e. 40.5 percent, 44.6 percent and 19.7 percent, respectively. The proportion of under-nutrition (for all 3 categories i.e. underweight, stunting and wasting) is lowest among those girls (below 5 years) who belong to households having and using sanitary latrines. Please see chart-2. Chart 2: Prevalence of under-nutrition among urban girls below 5 years by use of sanitary latrine (in %)     Source: Diet and Nutritional Status of Urban Population in India and Prevalence of Obesity, Hypertension, Diabetes and Hyperlipidemia in Urban Men and Women, NNMB, NIN It can be mentioned here that the Swachh Survekshan 2017 had found that out of 500 cities, only 118 cities are Open Defecation Free (ODF). Please click here to access the report. In a recent interview given to The Caravan Magazine, economist Diane Coffey said that although the government is promoting construction of affordable latrines, people prefer open defecation instead of using latrines on account of social taboo and caste-based prejudices. Emptying the pits of affordable latrines (when they get filled up) is considered as either a taboo or an unpleasant job. Please click here to access the interview. Diane Coffey and Dean Spears, both visiting scholars at Indian Statistical Institute in Delhi and also assistant professors at the University of Texas at Austin, have found in their research that as a result of poor sanitation, rural children die young and those who survive grow up physically and cognitively stunted. Nutritional status of children in urban India According to the NIN urban survey, the overall prevalence of underweight, stunting and wasting among children below 5 years during 2015-16 was 25.1 percent, 28.7 percent and 16.0 percent, respectively. The fourth round of National Family Health Survey (i.e. NFHS-4) had found that the prevalence of underweight, stunting and wasting among children below 5 years in urban areas during 2015-16 was 29.1 percent, 31.0 percent and 20.0 percent, respectively. However, the NIN and NFHS-4 survey results may not be strictly comparable. Table 1: Prevalence of under-nutrition among children belonging to SC, ST, OBC & other households (in %)   Source: Diet and Nutritional Status of Urban Population in India and Prevalence of Obesity, Hypertension, Diabetes and Hyperlipidemia in Urban Men and Women, NNMB, NIN From the table-1, it could be noted that the prevalence of under-nutrition (for all 3 categories i.e. underweight, stunting and wasting) is highest among SC boys and among SC girls vis-à-vis boys and girls belonging to different social backgrounds, respectively.   References Diet and Nutritional Status of Urban Population in India and Prevalence of Obesity, Hypertension, Diabetes and Hyperlipidemia in Urban Men and Women, NNMB Brief Report on Urban Nutrition, National Nutrition Monitoring Bureau Technical Report no. 27, National Institute of Nutrition (NIN), released on 25 September, 2017, please click here to access Swachh Survekshan 2017, Ministry of Urban Development, please click here to access  National Family Health Survey-4, http://rchiips.org/nfhs/factsheet_NFHS-4.shtml National Family Health Survey-4 India Fact Sheet (2015-16), please click here to read more   Prevalence of wasting among children is rising, shows NFHS-4 data, News alert from Inclusive Media for Change dated 17 May 2017, please click here to access  Nutrition red flag in survey -GS Mudur, The Telegraph, 2 October, 2017, please click here to access  PM Modi remembers Mahatma Gandhi on his 148th birth anniversary, The Times of India, IANS, 2 October, 2017, please click here to access Diane Coffey, visiting researcher at Indian Statistical Institute (Delhi) and also assistant professor at the University of Texas at Austin, interviewed by Sagar, CaravanMagazine.in, 30 July, 2017, please click here to access  Image Courtesy: Swachh Survekshan 2017

Tagged with: Swachh Bharat Abhiyan (SBA) Swachh Bharat Mission Access to Toilets Under-nutrition National Nutrition Monitoring Bureau (NNMB) National Institute of Nutrition (NIN) Underweight Stunting Wasting access to sanitary latrine sanitation

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