Deprecated (16384): The ArrayAccess methods will be removed in 4.0.0.Use getParam(), getData() and getQuery() instead. - /home/brlfuser/public_html/src/Controller/ArtileDetailController.php, line: 150
 You can disable deprecation warnings by setting `Error.errorLevel` to `E_ALL & ~E_USER_DEPRECATED` in your config/app.php. [CORE/src/Core/functions.php, line 311]
Code Context


        trigger_error($message, E_USER_DEPRECATED);

    }
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 You can disable deprecation warnings by setting `Error.errorLevel` to `E_ALL & ~E_USER_DEPRECATED` in your config/app.php.'
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deprecationWarning - CORE/src/Core/functions.php, line 311
Cake\Http\ServerRequest::offsetGet() - CORE/src/Http/ServerRequest.php, line 2421
App\Controller\ArtileDetailController::index() - APP/Controller/ArtileDetailController.php, line 150
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Cake\Http\ActionDispatcher::_invoke() - CORE/src/Http/ActionDispatcher.php, line 120
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Cake\Http\Runner::__invoke() - CORE/src/Http/Runner.php, line 65
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Cake\Http\Runner::__invoke() - CORE/src/Http/Runner.php, line 65
Cake\Error\Middleware\ErrorHandlerMiddleware::__invoke() - CORE/src/Error/Middleware/ErrorHandlerMiddleware.php, line 96
Cake\Http\Runner::__invoke() - CORE/src/Http/Runner.php, line 65
Cake\Http\Runner::run() - CORE/src/Http/Runner.php, line 51
Cake\Http\Server::run() - CORE/src/Http/Server.php, line 98

Deprecated (16384): The ArrayAccess methods will be removed in 4.0.0.Use getParam(), getData() and getQuery() instead. - /home/brlfuser/public_html/src/Controller/ArtileDetailController.php, line: 151
 You can disable deprecation warnings by setting `Error.errorLevel` to `E_ALL & ~E_USER_DEPRECATED` in your config/app.php. [CORE/src/Core/functions.php, line 311]
Code Context


        trigger_error($message, E_USER_DEPRECATED);

    }
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 You can disable deprecation warnings by setting `Error.errorLevel` to `E_ALL & ~E_USER_DEPRECATED` in your config/app.php.'
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deprecationWarning - CORE/src/Core/functions.php, line 311
Cake\Http\ServerRequest::offsetGet() - CORE/src/Http/ServerRequest.php, line 2421
App\Controller\ArtileDetailController::index() - APP/Controller/ArtileDetailController.php, line 151
Cake\Controller\Controller::invokeAction() - CORE/src/Controller/Controller.php, line 610
Cake\Http\ActionDispatcher::_invoke() - CORE/src/Http/ActionDispatcher.php, line 120
Cake\Http\ActionDispatcher::dispatch() - CORE/src/Http/ActionDispatcher.php, line 94
Cake\Http\BaseApplication::__invoke() - CORE/src/Http/BaseApplication.php, line 235
Cake\Http\Runner::__invoke() - CORE/src/Http/Runner.php, line 65
Cake\Routing\Middleware\RoutingMiddleware::__invoke() - CORE/src/Routing/Middleware/RoutingMiddleware.php, line 162
Cake\Http\Runner::__invoke() - CORE/src/Http/Runner.php, line 65
Cake\Routing\Middleware\AssetMiddleware::__invoke() - CORE/src/Routing/Middleware/AssetMiddleware.php, line 97
Cake\Http\Runner::__invoke() - CORE/src/Http/Runner.php, line 65
Cake\Error\Middleware\ErrorHandlerMiddleware::__invoke() - CORE/src/Error/Middleware/ErrorHandlerMiddleware.php, line 96
Cake\Http\Runner::__invoke() - CORE/src/Http/Runner.php, line 65
Cake\Http\Runner::run() - CORE/src/Http/Runner.php, line 51
Cake\Http\Server::run() - CORE/src/Http/Server.php, line 98

Warning (512): Unable to emit headers. Headers sent in file=/home/brlfuser/public_html/vendor/cakephp/cakephp/src/Error/Debugger.php line=853 [CORE/src/Http/ResponseEmitter.php, line 48]
Code Context
            if (Configure::read('debug')) {

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        NEWS ALERTS | ‘SuperAmma’ drive alters handwashing behaviour in rural Andhra    </title>
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Until recently it had been an enigma for health practitioners to understand why people do not wash their hands before dinner or after defecation despite knowing the health hazards or benefits associated with it. An experimental study conducted in 14..."/>
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                            <div align="justify">Until recently it had been an enigma for health practitioners to understand why people do not wash their hands before dinner or after defecation despite knowing the health hazards or benefits associated with it. An experimental study conducted in 14 villages in Chittoor district of Andhra Pradesh shows that emotional campaigns can work wonders and decisively change behaviours. The study was conducted between May 24, 2011, and September 10, 2012 whose outcome got published in a paper at the prestigious Lancet Global Health Journal (March 2014). It was observed that substantial increases in handwashing with soap can be achieved using a scalable intervention based on emotional drivers (see the links below).&nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;<br /><br /></div><div align="justify">&nbsp;</div><div align="justify">At baseline i.e. before any intervention, it was found that despite having access to piped water, usage of soap for handwashing at key events (i.e. after defecating, before food handling, or after cleaning a child) was extremely rare in all the 14 villages. Under the present study, drawing on the emotional drivers disgust (the desire to avoid and remove contamination), nurture (the desire for a happy, thriving child), affiliation (the desire to fit in) and status (the desire to have greater access to resources than others), interventions* (including community and school-based events incorporating an animated film, skits, and public pledging ceremonies) were made in 7 non-control villages, which yielded desired outcome vis-&agrave;-vis the control villages (7 in nos.) as well as the baseline situation. It must be mentioned here that the use of emotional drivers is quite different from the conventional health risk messaging that public campaigns often tend to use.<br /><br />Among the key findings, handwashing with soap at key events was rare at baseline in both the intervention (1 percent) and control groups (2 percent). However, at 6 weeks' follow-up, handwashing with soap at key events was more common in the intervention group (19%) than in the control group (4%). At 6 months' follow-up, compliance in the intervention group had increased to 37 percent as compared with 6 percent in the control group. At the 12-month follow-up visit, after the control villages had received the shortened intervention, the proportion of handwashing with soap was 29 percent in both the intervention and control groups. Although the intervention mainly targeted women and school-aged children, it was also successful at changing the handwashing practices of men.<br /><br />The combination of the 2-day SuperAmma intervention with the use of mass media to increase the reach and frequency of contact achieved by the animated film and key campaign messages creates a new hope on upscaling such efforts, surmises the study entitled: <em>Effect of a behaviour-change intervention on handwashing with soap in India (SuperAmma): a cluster-randomised trial</em>. The findings indicate that innovative interventions based on drivers of behaviour change can be effective and potentially scalable. <br /><br />It worth noting that as per the UNICEF's <em>Committing to Child Survival: A Promise Renewed Progress Report 2013</em>, in the year 2012, 10 percent deaths among Indian children under 5 years of age occurred due to diarrhoea. However, handwashing could substantially reduce diarrhoea, stresses the present study on SuperAmma campaign.<br /><br /><em>How was the handwashing experiment conducted?<br /></em><br />A number of steps were undertaken to conduct what is scientifically called a cluster-randomised trial. In order to assess the impact of behaviour-change intervention on handwashing with soap, initially 7 villages were assigned to receive the intervention; 7 control villages received no intervention. The selected villages ranged in size from 732 to 1857 people (median 962). At baseline there were 175 households in the seven intervention villages and 173 in the seven control villages. As per the study, outcomes were measured by observers who had no connection with the intervention. Observers were not told that the study was assessing an intervention and the intervention was never mentioned to the observers. To minimise the effect of the presence of the observers on behaviour, observers and participant households were told that this was a study of domestic water use. <br /></div><div align="justify">&nbsp;</div><div align="justify">The trial was funded by the Wellcome Trust. This study and the development of the intervention was funded by the Wellcome Trust and UK aid from the Department of International Development as part of the SHARE research programme.<br />&nbsp;<br /></div><div align="justify"><strong>Note: <br /></strong><br />* Multi-component intervention comprised community-based and school-based events including an animated film about a savvy rural mother (&ldquo;SuperAmma&rdquo;) who teaches her beloved son hand hygiene as part of good manners; comedy plays about SuperAmma and a disgusting uncle; public support by community leaders; and posters and stickers for householders who formally pledged to practice handwashing with soap at key events<br /><br /><br /><strong><em>References:<br /></em></strong><br /><a href="http://www.superamma.org/" title="http://www.superamma.org/">http://www.superamma.org/</a> <br /><br />SuperAmma Campaign, The Lancet TV<br /><a href="http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=alEVrtBGYyw" title="http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=alEVrtBGYyw">http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=alEVrtBGYyw </a><br /></div><div align="justify">&nbsp;</div><div align="justify">Effect of a behaviour-change intervention on handwashing with soap in India (SuperAmma): a cluster-randomised trial by Dr Adam Biran, Wolf-Peter Schmidt, Kiruba Sankar Varadharajan, Divya Rajaraman, Raja Kumar, Katie Greenland, Balaji Gopalan, Robert Aunger and Val Curtis, The Lancet Global Health, Volume 2, Issue 3, Pages e145 - e154, March 2014, doi:10.1016/S2214-109X(13)70160-8 (please <a href="https://im4change.in/siteadmin/tinymce/uploaded/Super%20Amma%20article.pdf" title="SuperAmma article" title="https://im4change.in/siteadmin/tinymce/uploaded/Super%20Amma%20article.pdf" title="SuperAmma article">click here</a> to download)<br /></div><div align="justify">&nbsp;</div><div align="justify"><a href="http://www.thelancet.com/journals/langlo/article/PIIS2214-109X%2814%2970184-6/fulltext?elsca1=ETOC-TLGH&amp;elsca2=email&amp;elsca3=CZJ6I8F" title="http://www.thelancet.com/journals/langlo/article/PIIS2214-109X%2814%2970184-6/fulltext?elsca1=ETOC-TLGH&amp;elsca2=email&amp;elsca3=CZJ6I8F">Is it a vaccine</a>? Is it a drug? No, it's SuperAmma! -Zo&euml; Mullan, The Lancet Global Health, Volume 2, Issue 3, Page e117, March 2014</div><div align="justify">&nbsp;</div><div align="justify"><a href="https://im4change.in/latest-news-updates/emotional-messaging-changes-handwashing-behaviour-divya-gandhi-24375.html" title="https://im4change.in/latest-news-updates/emotional-messaging-changes-handwashing-behaviour-divya-gandhi-24375.html">Emotional messaging changes handwashing behaviour</a>-Divya Gandhi, The Hindu, 27 February, 2014&nbsp;&nbsp; <br /><br />Can &lsquo;Supermums&rsquo; make kids wash their hands more &ndash; and help save lives? -Aoife Barry, TheJournal.ie, Feb 26, 2014, <a href="http://uk.news.yahoo.com/supermums-kids-wash-hands-more-help-save-lives-121543167.html#38KaUVx" title="http://uk.news.yahoo.com/supermums-kids-wash-hands-more-help-save-lives-121543167.html#38KaUVx">http://uk.news.yahoo.com/supermums-kids-wash-hands-more-he<br />lp-save-lives-121543167.html#38KaUVx</a> <br /><br />SuperAmma Successfully Changes Handwashing Behavior, Asian Scientist, 7 March, 2014, <br /><a href="http://www.asianscientist.com/health-medicine/superamma-handwashing-behavior-2014/" title="http://www.asianscientist.com/health-medicine/superamma-handwashing-behavior-2014/">http://www.asianscientist.com/health-medicine/superamma-ha<br />ndwashing-behavior-2014/</a> &nbsp;<br /><br />Committing to Child Survival: A Promise Renewed Progress Report 2013, UNICEF, <a href="https://im4change.in/siteadmin/tinymce/uploaded/APR_Progress_Report_2013_9_Sept_2013_1.pdf" title="https://im4change.in/siteadmin/tinymce/uploaded/APR_Progress_Report_2013_9_Sept_2013_1.pdf">http://www.im4change.orghttps://im4change.in/siteadmin/tin<br />ymce//uploaded/APR_Progress_Report_2013_9_Sept_2013_1.pdf </a><br /><br />Simple hand-washing with soap can cut hundreds of thousands of deaths a year, UN says, The United Nations, 15 October, 2013, <a href="https://im4change.in/latest-news-updates/simple-hand-washing-with-soap-can-cut-hundreds-of-thousands-of-deaths-a-year-un-says-23029.html" title="https://im4change.in/latest-news-updates/simple-hand-washing-with-soap-can-cut-hundreds-of-thousands-of-deaths-a-year-un-says-23029.html">http://www.im4change.org/latest-news-updates/simple-hand-w<br />ashing-with-soap-can-cut-hundreds-of-thousands-of-deaths-a<br />-year-un-says-23029.html</a> </div><div align="justify">&nbsp;</div><div align="justify"><strong>Image Courtesy: The Lancet Global Health, Volume 2, Issue 3, Pages e145 -e154, March 2014, doi:10.1016/S2214-109X(13)70160-8 (please <a href="https://im4change.in/siteadmin/tinymce/uploaded/Super%20Amma%20article.pdf" title="SuperAmma article" title="https://im4change.in/siteadmin/tinymce/uploaded/Super%20Amma%20article.pdf" title="SuperAmma article">click here</a> to download)</strong><br /></div>                                                           
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Until recently it had been an enigma for health practitioners to understand why people do not wash their hands before dinner or after defecation despite knowing the health hazards or benefits associated with it. An experimental study conducted in 14..." />
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    <h1 class="cat-box-title">‘SuperAmma’ drive alters handwashing behaviour in rural Andhra</h1>
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		 Published on</span><span class="text-date"> Mar 11, 2014</span>
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                            <div align="justify">Until recently it had been an enigma for health practitioners to understand why people do not wash their hands before dinner or after defecation despite knowing the health hazards or benefits associated with it. An experimental study conducted in 14 villages in Chittoor district of Andhra Pradesh shows that emotional campaigns can work wonders and decisively change behaviours. The study was conducted between May 24, 2011, and September 10, 2012 whose outcome got published in a paper at the prestigious Lancet Global Health Journal (March 2014). It was observed that substantial increases in handwashing with soap can be achieved using a scalable intervention based on emotional drivers (see the links below).&nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;<br /><br /></div><div align="justify">&nbsp;</div><div align="justify">At baseline i.e. before any intervention, it was found that despite having access to piped water, usage of soap for handwashing at key events (i.e. after defecating, before food handling, or after cleaning a child) was extremely rare in all the 14 villages. Under the present study, drawing on the emotional drivers disgust (the desire to avoid and remove contamination), nurture (the desire for a happy, thriving child), affiliation (the desire to fit in) and status (the desire to have greater access to resources than others), interventions* (including community and school-based events incorporating an animated film, skits, and public pledging ceremonies) were made in 7 non-control villages, which yielded desired outcome vis-&agrave;-vis the control villages (7 in nos.) as well as the baseline situation. It must be mentioned here that the use of emotional drivers is quite different from the conventional health risk messaging that public campaigns often tend to use.<br /><br />Among the key findings, handwashing with soap at key events was rare at baseline in both the intervention (1 percent) and control groups (2 percent). However, at 6 weeks' follow-up, handwashing with soap at key events was more common in the intervention group (19%) than in the control group (4%). At 6 months' follow-up, compliance in the intervention group had increased to 37 percent as compared with 6 percent in the control group. At the 12-month follow-up visit, after the control villages had received the shortened intervention, the proportion of handwashing with soap was 29 percent in both the intervention and control groups. Although the intervention mainly targeted women and school-aged children, it was also successful at changing the handwashing practices of men.<br /><br />The combination of the 2-day SuperAmma intervention with the use of mass media to increase the reach and frequency of contact achieved by the animated film and key campaign messages creates a new hope on upscaling such efforts, surmises the study entitled: <em>Effect of a behaviour-change intervention on handwashing with soap in India (SuperAmma): a cluster-randomised trial</em>. The findings indicate that innovative interventions based on drivers of behaviour change can be effective and potentially scalable. <br /><br />It worth noting that as per the UNICEF's <em>Committing to Child Survival: A Promise Renewed Progress Report 2013</em>, in the year 2012, 10 percent deaths among Indian children under 5 years of age occurred due to diarrhoea. However, handwashing could substantially reduce diarrhoea, stresses the present study on SuperAmma campaign.<br /><br /><em>How was the handwashing experiment conducted?<br /></em><br />A number of steps were undertaken to conduct what is scientifically called a cluster-randomised trial. In order to assess the impact of behaviour-change intervention on handwashing with soap, initially 7 villages were assigned to receive the intervention; 7 control villages received no intervention. The selected villages ranged in size from 732 to 1857 people (median 962). At baseline there were 175 households in the seven intervention villages and 173 in the seven control villages. As per the study, outcomes were measured by observers who had no connection with the intervention. Observers were not told that the study was assessing an intervention and the intervention was never mentioned to the observers. To minimise the effect of the presence of the observers on behaviour, observers and participant households were told that this was a study of domestic water use. <br /></div><div align="justify">&nbsp;</div><div align="justify">The trial was funded by the Wellcome Trust. This study and the development of the intervention was funded by the Wellcome Trust and UK aid from the Department of International Development as part of the SHARE research programme.<br />&nbsp;<br /></div><div align="justify"><strong>Note: <br /></strong><br />* Multi-component intervention comprised community-based and school-based events including an animated film about a savvy rural mother (&ldquo;SuperAmma&rdquo;) who teaches her beloved son hand hygiene as part of good manners; comedy plays about SuperAmma and a disgusting uncle; public support by community leaders; and posters and stickers for householders who formally pledged to practice handwashing with soap at key events<br /><br /><br /><strong><em>References:<br /></em></strong><br /><a href="http://www.superamma.org/" title="http://www.superamma.org/">http://www.superamma.org/</a> <br /><br />SuperAmma Campaign, The Lancet TV<br /><a href="http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=alEVrtBGYyw" title="http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=alEVrtBGYyw">http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=alEVrtBGYyw </a><br /></div><div align="justify">&nbsp;</div><div align="justify">Effect of a behaviour-change intervention on handwashing with soap in India (SuperAmma): a cluster-randomised trial by Dr Adam Biran, Wolf-Peter Schmidt, Kiruba Sankar Varadharajan, Divya Rajaraman, Raja Kumar, Katie Greenland, Balaji Gopalan, Robert Aunger and Val Curtis, The Lancet Global Health, Volume 2, Issue 3, Pages e145 - e154, March 2014, doi:10.1016/S2214-109X(13)70160-8 (please <a href="https://im4change.in/siteadmin/tinymce/uploaded/Super%20Amma%20article.pdf" title="SuperAmma article" title="https://im4change.in/siteadmin/tinymce/uploaded/Super%20Amma%20article.pdf" title="SuperAmma article">click here</a> to download)<br /></div><div align="justify">&nbsp;</div><div align="justify"><a href="http://www.thelancet.com/journals/langlo/article/PIIS2214-109X%2814%2970184-6/fulltext?elsca1=ETOC-TLGH&amp;elsca2=email&amp;elsca3=CZJ6I8F" title="http://www.thelancet.com/journals/langlo/article/PIIS2214-109X%2814%2970184-6/fulltext?elsca1=ETOC-TLGH&amp;elsca2=email&amp;elsca3=CZJ6I8F">Is it a vaccine</a>? Is it a drug? No, it's SuperAmma! -Zo&euml; Mullan, The Lancet Global Health, Volume 2, Issue 3, Page e117, March 2014</div><div align="justify">&nbsp;</div><div align="justify"><a href="https://im4change.in/latest-news-updates/emotional-messaging-changes-handwashing-behaviour-divya-gandhi-24375.html" title="https://im4change.in/latest-news-updates/emotional-messaging-changes-handwashing-behaviour-divya-gandhi-24375.html">Emotional messaging changes handwashing behaviour</a>-Divya Gandhi, The Hindu, 27 February, 2014&nbsp;&nbsp; <br /><br />Can &lsquo;Supermums&rsquo; make kids wash their hands more &ndash; and help save lives? -Aoife Barry, TheJournal.ie, Feb 26, 2014, <a href="http://uk.news.yahoo.com/supermums-kids-wash-hands-more-help-save-lives-121543167.html#38KaUVx" title="http://uk.news.yahoo.com/supermums-kids-wash-hands-more-help-save-lives-121543167.html#38KaUVx">http://uk.news.yahoo.com/supermums-kids-wash-hands-more-he<br />lp-save-lives-121543167.html#38KaUVx</a> <br /><br />SuperAmma Successfully Changes Handwashing Behavior, Asian Scientist, 7 March, 2014, <br /><a href="http://www.asianscientist.com/health-medicine/superamma-handwashing-behavior-2014/" title="http://www.asianscientist.com/health-medicine/superamma-handwashing-behavior-2014/">http://www.asianscientist.com/health-medicine/superamma-ha<br />ndwashing-behavior-2014/</a> &nbsp;<br /><br />Committing to Child Survival: A Promise Renewed Progress Report 2013, UNICEF, <a href="https://im4change.in/siteadmin/tinymce/uploaded/APR_Progress_Report_2013_9_Sept_2013_1.pdf" title="https://im4change.in/siteadmin/tinymce/uploaded/APR_Progress_Report_2013_9_Sept_2013_1.pdf">http://www.im4change.orghttps://im4change.in/siteadmin/tin<br />ymce//uploaded/APR_Progress_Report_2013_9_Sept_2013_1.pdf </a><br /><br />Simple hand-washing with soap can cut hundreds of thousands of deaths a year, UN says, The United Nations, 15 October, 2013, <a href="https://im4change.in/latest-news-updates/simple-hand-washing-with-soap-can-cut-hundreds-of-thousands-of-deaths-a-year-un-says-23029.html" title="https://im4change.in/latest-news-updates/simple-hand-washing-with-soap-can-cut-hundreds-of-thousands-of-deaths-a-year-un-says-23029.html">http://www.im4change.org/latest-news-updates/simple-hand-w<br />ashing-with-soap-can-cut-hundreds-of-thousands-of-deaths-a<br />-year-un-says-23029.html</a> </div><div align="justify">&nbsp;</div><div align="justify"><strong>Image Courtesy: The Lancet Global Health, Volume 2, Issue 3, Pages e145 -e154, March 2014, doi:10.1016/S2214-109X(13)70160-8 (please <a href="https://im4change.in/siteadmin/tinymce/uploaded/Super%20Amma%20article.pdf" title="SuperAmma article" title="https://im4change.in/siteadmin/tinymce/uploaded/Super%20Amma%20article.pdf" title="SuperAmma article">click here</a> to download)</strong><br /></div>                                                           
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        NEWS ALERTS | ‘SuperAmma’ drive alters handwashing behaviour in rural Andhra    </title>
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Until recently it had been an enigma for health practitioners to understand why people do not wash their hands before dinner or after defecation despite knowing the health hazards or benefits associated with it. An experimental study conducted in 14..."/>
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Until recently it had been an enigma for health practitioners to understand why people do not wash their hands before dinner or after defecation despite knowing the health hazards or benefits associated with it. An experimental study conducted in 14..." />
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    <h1 class="cat-box-title">‘SuperAmma’ drive alters handwashing behaviour in rural Andhra</h1>
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		 Published on</span><span class="text-date"> Mar 11, 2014</span>
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                            <div align="justify">Until recently it had been an enigma for health practitioners to understand why people do not wash their hands before dinner or after defecation despite knowing the health hazards or benefits associated with it. An experimental study conducted in 14 villages in Chittoor district of Andhra Pradesh shows that emotional campaigns can work wonders and decisively change behaviours. The study was conducted between May 24, 2011, and September 10, 2012 whose outcome got published in a paper at the prestigious Lancet Global Health Journal (March 2014). It was observed that substantial increases in handwashing with soap can be achieved using a scalable intervention based on emotional drivers (see the links below).&nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;<br /><br /></div><div align="justify">&nbsp;</div><div align="justify">At baseline i.e. before any intervention, it was found that despite having access to piped water, usage of soap for handwashing at key events (i.e. after defecating, before food handling, or after cleaning a child) was extremely rare in all the 14 villages. Under the present study, drawing on the emotional drivers disgust (the desire to avoid and remove contamination), nurture (the desire for a happy, thriving child), affiliation (the desire to fit in) and status (the desire to have greater access to resources than others), interventions* (including community and school-based events incorporating an animated film, skits, and public pledging ceremonies) were made in 7 non-control villages, which yielded desired outcome vis-&agrave;-vis the control villages (7 in nos.) as well as the baseline situation. It must be mentioned here that the use of emotional drivers is quite different from the conventional health risk messaging that public campaigns often tend to use.<br /><br />Among the key findings, handwashing with soap at key events was rare at baseline in both the intervention (1 percent) and control groups (2 percent). However, at 6 weeks' follow-up, handwashing with soap at key events was more common in the intervention group (19%) than in the control group (4%). At 6 months' follow-up, compliance in the intervention group had increased to 37 percent as compared with 6 percent in the control group. At the 12-month follow-up visit, after the control villages had received the shortened intervention, the proportion of handwashing with soap was 29 percent in both the intervention and control groups. Although the intervention mainly targeted women and school-aged children, it was also successful at changing the handwashing practices of men.<br /><br />The combination of the 2-day SuperAmma intervention with the use of mass media to increase the reach and frequency of contact achieved by the animated film and key campaign messages creates a new hope on upscaling such efforts, surmises the study entitled: <em>Effect of a behaviour-change intervention on handwashing with soap in India (SuperAmma): a cluster-randomised trial</em>. The findings indicate that innovative interventions based on drivers of behaviour change can be effective and potentially scalable. <br /><br />It worth noting that as per the UNICEF's <em>Committing to Child Survival: A Promise Renewed Progress Report 2013</em>, in the year 2012, 10 percent deaths among Indian children under 5 years of age occurred due to diarrhoea. However, handwashing could substantially reduce diarrhoea, stresses the present study on SuperAmma campaign.<br /><br /><em>How was the handwashing experiment conducted?<br /></em><br />A number of steps were undertaken to conduct what is scientifically called a cluster-randomised trial. In order to assess the impact of behaviour-change intervention on handwashing with soap, initially 7 villages were assigned to receive the intervention; 7 control villages received no intervention. The selected villages ranged in size from 732 to 1857 people (median 962). At baseline there were 175 households in the seven intervention villages and 173 in the seven control villages. As per the study, outcomes were measured by observers who had no connection with the intervention. Observers were not told that the study was assessing an intervention and the intervention was never mentioned to the observers. To minimise the effect of the presence of the observers on behaviour, observers and participant households were told that this was a study of domestic water use. <br /></div><div align="justify">&nbsp;</div><div align="justify">The trial was funded by the Wellcome Trust. This study and the development of the intervention was funded by the Wellcome Trust and UK aid from the Department of International Development as part of the SHARE research programme.<br />&nbsp;<br /></div><div align="justify"><strong>Note: <br /></strong><br />* Multi-component intervention comprised community-based and school-based events including an animated film about a savvy rural mother (&ldquo;SuperAmma&rdquo;) who teaches her beloved son hand hygiene as part of good manners; comedy plays about SuperAmma and a disgusting uncle; public support by community leaders; and posters and stickers for householders who formally pledged to practice handwashing with soap at key events<br /><br /><br /><strong><em>References:<br /></em></strong><br /><a href="http://www.superamma.org/" title="http://www.superamma.org/">http://www.superamma.org/</a> <br /><br />SuperAmma Campaign, The Lancet TV<br /><a href="http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=alEVrtBGYyw" title="http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=alEVrtBGYyw">http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=alEVrtBGYyw </a><br /></div><div align="justify">&nbsp;</div><div align="justify">Effect of a behaviour-change intervention on handwashing with soap in India (SuperAmma): a cluster-randomised trial by Dr Adam Biran, Wolf-Peter Schmidt, Kiruba Sankar Varadharajan, Divya Rajaraman, Raja Kumar, Katie Greenland, Balaji Gopalan, Robert Aunger and Val Curtis, The Lancet Global Health, Volume 2, Issue 3, Pages e145 - e154, March 2014, doi:10.1016/S2214-109X(13)70160-8 (please <a href="https://im4change.in/siteadmin/tinymce/uploaded/Super%20Amma%20article.pdf" title="SuperAmma article" title="https://im4change.in/siteadmin/tinymce/uploaded/Super%20Amma%20article.pdf" title="SuperAmma article">click here</a> to download)<br /></div><div align="justify">&nbsp;</div><div align="justify"><a href="http://www.thelancet.com/journals/langlo/article/PIIS2214-109X%2814%2970184-6/fulltext?elsca1=ETOC-TLGH&amp;elsca2=email&amp;elsca3=CZJ6I8F" title="http://www.thelancet.com/journals/langlo/article/PIIS2214-109X%2814%2970184-6/fulltext?elsca1=ETOC-TLGH&amp;elsca2=email&amp;elsca3=CZJ6I8F">Is it a vaccine</a>? Is it a drug? No, it's SuperAmma! -Zo&euml; Mullan, The Lancet Global Health, Volume 2, Issue 3, Page e117, March 2014</div><div align="justify">&nbsp;</div><div align="justify"><a href="https://im4change.in/latest-news-updates/emotional-messaging-changes-handwashing-behaviour-divya-gandhi-24375.html" title="https://im4change.in/latest-news-updates/emotional-messaging-changes-handwashing-behaviour-divya-gandhi-24375.html">Emotional messaging changes handwashing behaviour</a>-Divya Gandhi, The Hindu, 27 February, 2014&nbsp;&nbsp; <br /><br />Can &lsquo;Supermums&rsquo; make kids wash their hands more &ndash; and help save lives? -Aoife Barry, TheJournal.ie, Feb 26, 2014, <a href="http://uk.news.yahoo.com/supermums-kids-wash-hands-more-help-save-lives-121543167.html#38KaUVx" title="http://uk.news.yahoo.com/supermums-kids-wash-hands-more-help-save-lives-121543167.html#38KaUVx">http://uk.news.yahoo.com/supermums-kids-wash-hands-more-he<br />lp-save-lives-121543167.html#38KaUVx</a> <br /><br />SuperAmma Successfully Changes Handwashing Behavior, Asian Scientist, 7 March, 2014, <br /><a href="http://www.asianscientist.com/health-medicine/superamma-handwashing-behavior-2014/" title="http://www.asianscientist.com/health-medicine/superamma-handwashing-behavior-2014/">http://www.asianscientist.com/health-medicine/superamma-ha<br />ndwashing-behavior-2014/</a> &nbsp;<br /><br />Committing to Child Survival: A Promise Renewed Progress Report 2013, UNICEF, <a href="https://im4change.in/siteadmin/tinymce/uploaded/APR_Progress_Report_2013_9_Sept_2013_1.pdf" title="https://im4change.in/siteadmin/tinymce/uploaded/APR_Progress_Report_2013_9_Sept_2013_1.pdf">http://www.im4change.orghttps://im4change.in/siteadmin/tin<br />ymce//uploaded/APR_Progress_Report_2013_9_Sept_2013_1.pdf </a><br /><br />Simple hand-washing with soap can cut hundreds of thousands of deaths a year, UN says, The United Nations, 15 October, 2013, <a href="https://im4change.in/latest-news-updates/simple-hand-washing-with-soap-can-cut-hundreds-of-thousands-of-deaths-a-year-un-says-23029.html" title="https://im4change.in/latest-news-updates/simple-hand-washing-with-soap-can-cut-hundreds-of-thousands-of-deaths-a-year-un-says-23029.html">http://www.im4change.org/latest-news-updates/simple-hand-w<br />ashing-with-soap-can-cut-hundreds-of-thousands-of-deaths-a<br />-year-un-says-23029.html</a> </div><div align="justify">&nbsp;</div><div align="justify"><strong>Image Courtesy: The Lancet Global Health, Volume 2, Issue 3, Pages e145 -e154, March 2014, doi:10.1016/S2214-109X(13)70160-8 (please <a href="https://im4change.in/siteadmin/tinymce/uploaded/Super%20Amma%20article.pdf" title="SuperAmma article" title="https://im4change.in/siteadmin/tinymce/uploaded/Super%20Amma%20article.pdf" title="SuperAmma article">click here</a> to download)</strong><br /></div>                                                           
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‘SuperAmma’ drive alters handwashing behaviour in rural Andhra

Published on Mar 11, 2014   Modified on Mar 11, 2014

Until recently it had been an enigma for health practitioners to understand why people do not wash their hands before dinner or after defecation despite knowing the health hazards or benefits associated with it. An experimental study conducted in 14 villages in Chittoor district of Andhra Pradesh shows that emotional campaigns can work wonders and decisively change behaviours. The study was conducted between May 24, 2011, and September 10, 2012 whose outcome got published in a paper at the prestigious Lancet Global Health Journal (March 2014). It was observed that substantial increases in handwashing with soap can be achieved using a scalable intervention based on emotional drivers (see the links below).       At baseline i.e. before any intervention, it was found that despite having access to piped water, usage of soap for handwashing at key events (i.e. after defecating, before food handling, or after cleaning a child) was extremely rare in all the 14 villages. Under the present study, drawing on the emotional drivers disgust (the desire to avoid and remove contamination), nurture (the desire for a happy, thriving child), affiliation (the desire to fit in) and status (the desire to have greater access to resources than others), interventions* (including community and school-based events incorporating an animated film, skits, and public pledging ceremonies) were made in 7 non-control villages, which yielded desired outcome vis-à-vis the control villages (7 in nos.) as well as the baseline situation. It must be mentioned here that the use of emotional drivers is quite different from the conventional health risk messaging that public campaigns often tend to use. Among the key findings, handwashing with soap at key events was rare at baseline in both the intervention (1 percent) and control groups (2 percent). However, at 6 weeks' follow-up, handwashing with soap at key events was more common in the intervention group (19%) than in the control group (4%). At 6 months' follow-up, compliance in the intervention group had increased to 37 percent as compared with 6 percent in the control group. At the 12-month follow-up visit, after the control villages had received the shortened intervention, the proportion of handwashing with soap was 29 percent in both the intervention and control groups. Although the intervention mainly targeted women and school-aged children, it was also successful at changing the handwashing practices of men. The combination of the 2-day SuperAmma intervention with the use of mass media to increase the reach and frequency of contact achieved by the animated film and key campaign messages creates a new hope on upscaling such efforts, surmises the study entitled: Effect of a behaviour-change intervention on handwashing with soap in India (SuperAmma): a cluster-randomised trial. The findings indicate that innovative interventions based on drivers of behaviour change can be effective and potentially scalable. It worth noting that as per the UNICEF's Committing to Child Survival: A Promise Renewed Progress Report 2013, in the year 2012, 10 percent deaths among Indian children under 5 years of age occurred due to diarrhoea. However, handwashing could substantially reduce diarrhoea, stresses the present study on SuperAmma campaign. How was the handwashing experiment conducted? A number of steps were undertaken to conduct what is scientifically called a cluster-randomised trial. In order to assess the impact of behaviour-change intervention on handwashing with soap, initially 7 villages were assigned to receive the intervention; 7 control villages received no intervention. The selected villages ranged in size from 732 to 1857 people (median 962). At baseline there were 175 households in the seven intervention villages and 173 in the seven control villages. As per the study, outcomes were measured by observers who had no connection with the intervention. Observers were not told that the study was assessing an intervention and the intervention was never mentioned to the observers. To minimise the effect of the presence of the observers on behaviour, observers and participant households were told that this was a study of domestic water use.   The trial was funded by the Wellcome Trust. This study and the development of the intervention was funded by the Wellcome Trust and UK aid from the Department of International Development as part of the SHARE research programme.   Note: * Multi-component intervention comprised community-based and school-based events including an animated film about a savvy rural mother (“SuperAmma”) who teaches her beloved son hand hygiene as part of good manners; comedy plays about SuperAmma and a disgusting uncle; public support by community leaders; and posters and stickers for householders who formally pledged to practice handwashing with soap at key events References: http://www.superamma.org/ SuperAmma Campaign, The Lancet TV http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=alEVrtBGYyw   Effect of a behaviour-change intervention on handwashing with soap in India (SuperAmma): a cluster-randomised trial by Dr Adam Biran, Wolf-Peter Schmidt, Kiruba Sankar Varadharajan, Divya Rajaraman, Raja Kumar, Katie Greenland, Balaji Gopalan, Robert Aunger and Val Curtis, The Lancet Global Health, Volume 2, Issue 3, Pages e145 - e154, March 2014, doi:10.1016/S2214-109X(13)70160-8 (please click here to download)   Is it a vaccine? Is it a drug? No, it's SuperAmma! -Zoë Mullan, The Lancet Global Health, Volume 2, Issue 3, Page e117, March 2014   Emotional messaging changes handwashing behaviour-Divya Gandhi, The Hindu, 27 February, 2014   Can ‘Supermums’ make kids wash their hands more – and help save lives? -Aoife Barry, TheJournal.ie, Feb 26, 2014, http://uk.news.yahoo.com/supermums-kids-wash-hands-more-he lp-save-lives-121543167.html#38KaUVx SuperAmma Successfully Changes Handwashing Behavior, Asian Scientist, 7 March, 2014, http://www.asianscientist.com/health-medicine/superamma-ha ndwashing-behavior-2014/   Committing to Child Survival: A Promise Renewed Progress Report 2013, UNICEF, http://www.im4change.orghttps://im4change.in/siteadmin/tin ymce//uploaded/APR_Progress_Report_2013_9_Sept_2013_1.pdf Simple hand-washing with soap can cut hundreds of thousands of deaths a year, UN says, The United Nations, 15 October, 2013, http://www.im4change.org/latest-news-updates/simple-hand-w ashing-with-soap-can-cut-hundreds-of-thousands-of-deaths-a -year-un-says-23029.html   Image Courtesy: The Lancet Global Health, Volume 2, Issue 3, Pages e145 -e154, March 2014, doi:10.1016/S2214-109X(13)70160-8 (please click here to download)

Tagged with: Handwashing handwash sanitation diarrhoea Health

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