Deprecated (16384): The ArrayAccess methods will be removed in 4.0.0.Use getParam(), getData() and getQuery() instead. - /home/brlfuser/public_html/src/Controller/ArtileDetailController.php, line: 150
 You can disable deprecation warnings by setting `Error.errorLevel` to `E_ALL & ~E_USER_DEPRECATED` in your config/app.php. [CORE/src/Core/functions.php, line 311]
Code Context


        trigger_error($message, E_USER_DEPRECATED);

    }
$message = 'The ArrayAccess methods will be removed in 4.0.0.Use getParam(), getData() and getQuery() instead. - /home/brlfuser/public_html/src/Controller/ArtileDetailController.php, line: 150
 You can disable deprecation warnings by setting `Error.errorLevel` to `E_ALL & ~E_USER_DEPRECATED` in your config/app.php.'
$stackFrame = (int) 1
$trace = [
	(int) 0 => [
		'file' => '/home/brlfuser/public_html/vendor/cakephp/cakephp/src/Http/ServerRequest.php',
		'line' => (int) 2421,
		'function' => 'deprecationWarning',
		'args' => [
			(int) 0 => 'The ArrayAccess methods will be removed in 4.0.0.Use getParam(), getData() and getQuery() instead.'
		]
	],
	(int) 1 => [
		'file' => '/home/brlfuser/public_html/src/Controller/ArtileDetailController.php',
		'line' => (int) 150,
		'function' => 'offsetGet',
		'class' => 'Cake\Http\ServerRequest',
		'object' => object(Cake\Http\ServerRequest) {},
		'type' => '->',
		'args' => [
			(int) 0 => 'catslug'
		]
	],
	(int) 2 => [
		'file' => '/home/brlfuser/public_html/vendor/cakephp/cakephp/src/Controller/Controller.php',
		'line' => (int) 610,
		'function' => 'index',
		'class' => 'App\Controller\ArtileDetailController',
		'object' => object(App\Controller\ArtileDetailController) {},
		'type' => '->',
		'args' => []
	],
	(int) 3 => [
		'file' => '/home/brlfuser/public_html/vendor/cakephp/cakephp/src/Http/ActionDispatcher.php',
		'line' => (int) 120,
		'function' => 'invokeAction',
		'class' => 'Cake\Controller\Controller',
		'object' => object(App\Controller\ArtileDetailController) {},
		'type' => '->',
		'args' => []
	],
	(int) 4 => [
		'file' => '/home/brlfuser/public_html/vendor/cakephp/cakephp/src/Http/ActionDispatcher.php',
		'line' => (int) 94,
		'function' => '_invoke',
		'class' => 'Cake\Http\ActionDispatcher',
		'object' => object(Cake\Http\ActionDispatcher) {},
		'type' => '->',
		'args' => [
			(int) 0 => object(App\Controller\ArtileDetailController) {}
		]
	],
	(int) 5 => [
		'file' => '/home/brlfuser/public_html/vendor/cakephp/cakephp/src/Http/BaseApplication.php',
		'line' => (int) 235,
		'function' => 'dispatch',
		'class' => 'Cake\Http\ActionDispatcher',
		'object' => object(Cake\Http\ActionDispatcher) {},
		'type' => '->',
		'args' => [
			(int) 0 => object(Cake\Http\ServerRequest) {},
			(int) 1 => object(Cake\Http\Response) {}
		]
	],
	(int) 6 => [
		'file' => '/home/brlfuser/public_html/vendor/cakephp/cakephp/src/Http/Runner.php',
		'line' => (int) 65,
		'function' => '__invoke',
		'class' => 'Cake\Http\BaseApplication',
		'object' => object(App\Application) {},
		'type' => '->',
		'args' => [
			(int) 0 => object(Cake\Http\ServerRequest) {},
			(int) 1 => object(Cake\Http\Response) {},
			(int) 2 => object(Cake\Http\Runner) {}
		]
	],
	(int) 7 => [
		'file' => '/home/brlfuser/public_html/vendor/cakephp/cakephp/src/Routing/Middleware/RoutingMiddleware.php',
		'line' => (int) 162,
		'function' => '__invoke',
		'class' => 'Cake\Http\Runner',
		'object' => object(Cake\Http\Runner) {},
		'type' => '->',
		'args' => [
			(int) 0 => object(Cake\Http\ServerRequest) {},
			(int) 1 => object(Cake\Http\Response) {}
		]
	],
	(int) 8 => [
		'file' => '/home/brlfuser/public_html/vendor/cakephp/cakephp/src/Http/Runner.php',
		'line' => (int) 65,
		'function' => '__invoke',
		'class' => 'Cake\Routing\Middleware\RoutingMiddleware',
		'object' => object(Cake\Routing\Middleware\RoutingMiddleware) {},
		'type' => '->',
		'args' => [
			(int) 0 => object(Cake\Http\ServerRequest) {},
			(int) 1 => object(Cake\Http\Response) {},
			(int) 2 => object(Cake\Http\Runner) {}
		]
	],
	(int) 9 => [
		'file' => '/home/brlfuser/public_html/vendor/cakephp/cakephp/src/Routing/Middleware/AssetMiddleware.php',
		'line' => (int) 97,
		'function' => '__invoke',
		'class' => 'Cake\Http\Runner',
		'object' => object(Cake\Http\Runner) {},
		'type' => '->',
		'args' => [
			(int) 0 => object(Cake\Http\ServerRequest) {},
			(int) 1 => object(Cake\Http\Response) {}
		]
	],
	(int) 10 => [
		'file' => '/home/brlfuser/public_html/vendor/cakephp/cakephp/src/Http/Runner.php',
		'line' => (int) 65,
		'function' => '__invoke',
		'class' => 'Cake\Routing\Middleware\AssetMiddleware',
		'object' => object(Cake\Routing\Middleware\AssetMiddleware) {},
		'type' => '->',
		'args' => [
			(int) 0 => object(Cake\Http\ServerRequest) {},
			(int) 1 => object(Cake\Http\Response) {},
			(int) 2 => object(Cake\Http\Runner) {}
		]
	],
	(int) 11 => [
		'file' => '/home/brlfuser/public_html/vendor/cakephp/cakephp/src/Error/Middleware/ErrorHandlerMiddleware.php',
		'line' => (int) 96,
		'function' => '__invoke',
		'class' => 'Cake\Http\Runner',
		'object' => object(Cake\Http\Runner) {},
		'type' => '->',
		'args' => [
			(int) 0 => object(Cake\Http\ServerRequest) {},
			(int) 1 => object(Cake\Http\Response) {}
		]
	],
	(int) 12 => [
		'file' => '/home/brlfuser/public_html/vendor/cakephp/cakephp/src/Http/Runner.php',
		'line' => (int) 65,
		'function' => '__invoke',
		'class' => 'Cake\Error\Middleware\ErrorHandlerMiddleware',
		'object' => object(Cake\Error\Middleware\ErrorHandlerMiddleware) {},
		'type' => '->',
		'args' => [
			(int) 0 => object(Cake\Http\ServerRequest) {},
			(int) 1 => object(Cake\Http\Response) {},
			(int) 2 => object(Cake\Http\Runner) {}
		]
	],
	(int) 13 => [
		'file' => '/home/brlfuser/public_html/vendor/cakephp/cakephp/src/Http/Runner.php',
		'line' => (int) 51,
		'function' => '__invoke',
		'class' => 'Cake\Http\Runner',
		'object' => object(Cake\Http\Runner) {},
		'type' => '->',
		'args' => [
			(int) 0 => object(Cake\Http\ServerRequest) {},
			(int) 1 => object(Cake\Http\Response) {}
		]
	],
	(int) 14 => [
		'file' => '/home/brlfuser/public_html/vendor/cakephp/cakephp/src/Http/Server.php',
		'line' => (int) 98,
		'function' => 'run',
		'class' => 'Cake\Http\Runner',
		'object' => object(Cake\Http\Runner) {},
		'type' => '->',
		'args' => [
			(int) 0 => object(Cake\Http\MiddlewareQueue) {},
			(int) 1 => object(Cake\Http\ServerRequest) {},
			(int) 2 => object(Cake\Http\Response) {}
		]
	],
	(int) 15 => [
		'file' => '/home/brlfuser/public_html/webroot/index.php',
		'line' => (int) 39,
		'function' => 'run',
		'class' => 'Cake\Http\Server',
		'object' => object(Cake\Http\Server) {},
		'type' => '->',
		'args' => []
	]
]
$frame = [
	'file' => '/home/brlfuser/public_html/src/Controller/ArtileDetailController.php',
	'line' => (int) 150,
	'function' => 'offsetGet',
	'class' => 'Cake\Http\ServerRequest',
	'object' => object(Cake\Http\ServerRequest) {
		trustProxy => false
		[protected] params => [
			[maximum depth reached]
		]
		[protected] data => [[maximum depth reached]]
		[protected] query => [[maximum depth reached]]
		[protected] cookies => [[maximum depth reached]]
		[protected] _environment => [
			[maximum depth reached]
		]
		[protected] url => 'news-alerts-57/the-country-has-miles-to-go-in-reducing-maternal-deaths-4688477.html'
		[protected] base => ''
		[protected] webroot => '/'
		[protected] here => '/news-alerts-57/the-country-has-miles-to-go-in-reducing-maternal-deaths-4688477.html'
		[protected] trustedProxies => [[maximum depth reached]]
		[protected] _input => null
		[protected] _detectors => [
			[maximum depth reached]
		]
		[protected] _detectorCache => [
			[maximum depth reached]
		]
		[protected] stream => object(Zend\Diactoros\PhpInputStream) {}
		[protected] uri => object(Zend\Diactoros\Uri) {}
		[protected] session => object(Cake\Http\Session) {}
		[protected] attributes => [[maximum depth reached]]
		[protected] emulatedAttributes => [
			[maximum depth reached]
		]
		[protected] uploadedFiles => [[maximum depth reached]]
		[protected] protocol => null
		[protected] requestTarget => null
		[private] deprecatedProperties => [
			[maximum depth reached]
		]
	},
	'type' => '->',
	'args' => [
		(int) 0 => 'catslug'
	]
]
deprecationWarning - CORE/src/Core/functions.php, line 311
Cake\Http\ServerRequest::offsetGet() - CORE/src/Http/ServerRequest.php, line 2421
App\Controller\ArtileDetailController::index() - APP/Controller/ArtileDetailController.php, line 150
Cake\Controller\Controller::invokeAction() - CORE/src/Controller/Controller.php, line 610
Cake\Http\ActionDispatcher::_invoke() - CORE/src/Http/ActionDispatcher.php, line 120
Cake\Http\ActionDispatcher::dispatch() - CORE/src/Http/ActionDispatcher.php, line 94
Cake\Http\BaseApplication::__invoke() - CORE/src/Http/BaseApplication.php, line 235
Cake\Http\Runner::__invoke() - CORE/src/Http/Runner.php, line 65
Cake\Routing\Middleware\RoutingMiddleware::__invoke() - CORE/src/Routing/Middleware/RoutingMiddleware.php, line 162
Cake\Http\Runner::__invoke() - CORE/src/Http/Runner.php, line 65
Cake\Routing\Middleware\AssetMiddleware::__invoke() - CORE/src/Routing/Middleware/AssetMiddleware.php, line 97
Cake\Http\Runner::__invoke() - CORE/src/Http/Runner.php, line 65
Cake\Error\Middleware\ErrorHandlerMiddleware::__invoke() - CORE/src/Error/Middleware/ErrorHandlerMiddleware.php, line 96
Cake\Http\Runner::__invoke() - CORE/src/Http/Runner.php, line 65
Cake\Http\Runner::run() - CORE/src/Http/Runner.php, line 51
Cake\Http\Server::run() - CORE/src/Http/Server.php, line 98

Deprecated (16384): The ArrayAccess methods will be removed in 4.0.0.Use getParam(), getData() and getQuery() instead. - /home/brlfuser/public_html/src/Controller/ArtileDetailController.php, line: 151
 You can disable deprecation warnings by setting `Error.errorLevel` to `E_ALL & ~E_USER_DEPRECATED` in your config/app.php. [CORE/src/Core/functions.php, line 311]
Code Context


        trigger_error($message, E_USER_DEPRECATED);

    }
$message = 'The ArrayAccess methods will be removed in 4.0.0.Use getParam(), getData() and getQuery() instead. - /home/brlfuser/public_html/src/Controller/ArtileDetailController.php, line: 151
 You can disable deprecation warnings by setting `Error.errorLevel` to `E_ALL & ~E_USER_DEPRECATED` in your config/app.php.'
$stackFrame = (int) 1
$trace = [
	(int) 0 => [
		'file' => '/home/brlfuser/public_html/vendor/cakephp/cakephp/src/Http/ServerRequest.php',
		'line' => (int) 2421,
		'function' => 'deprecationWarning',
		'args' => [
			(int) 0 => 'The ArrayAccess methods will be removed in 4.0.0.Use getParam(), getData() and getQuery() instead.'
		]
	],
	(int) 1 => [
		'file' => '/home/brlfuser/public_html/src/Controller/ArtileDetailController.php',
		'line' => (int) 151,
		'function' => 'offsetGet',
		'class' => 'Cake\Http\ServerRequest',
		'object' => object(Cake\Http\ServerRequest) {},
		'type' => '->',
		'args' => [
			(int) 0 => 'artileslug'
		]
	],
	(int) 2 => [
		'file' => '/home/brlfuser/public_html/vendor/cakephp/cakephp/src/Controller/Controller.php',
		'line' => (int) 610,
		'function' => 'index',
		'class' => 'App\Controller\ArtileDetailController',
		'object' => object(App\Controller\ArtileDetailController) {},
		'type' => '->',
		'args' => []
	],
	(int) 3 => [
		'file' => '/home/brlfuser/public_html/vendor/cakephp/cakephp/src/Http/ActionDispatcher.php',
		'line' => (int) 120,
		'function' => 'invokeAction',
		'class' => 'Cake\Controller\Controller',
		'object' => object(App\Controller\ArtileDetailController) {},
		'type' => '->',
		'args' => []
	],
	(int) 4 => [
		'file' => '/home/brlfuser/public_html/vendor/cakephp/cakephp/src/Http/ActionDispatcher.php',
		'line' => (int) 94,
		'function' => '_invoke',
		'class' => 'Cake\Http\ActionDispatcher',
		'object' => object(Cake\Http\ActionDispatcher) {},
		'type' => '->',
		'args' => [
			(int) 0 => object(App\Controller\ArtileDetailController) {}
		]
	],
	(int) 5 => [
		'file' => '/home/brlfuser/public_html/vendor/cakephp/cakephp/src/Http/BaseApplication.php',
		'line' => (int) 235,
		'function' => 'dispatch',
		'class' => 'Cake\Http\ActionDispatcher',
		'object' => object(Cake\Http\ActionDispatcher) {},
		'type' => '->',
		'args' => [
			(int) 0 => object(Cake\Http\ServerRequest) {},
			(int) 1 => object(Cake\Http\Response) {}
		]
	],
	(int) 6 => [
		'file' => '/home/brlfuser/public_html/vendor/cakephp/cakephp/src/Http/Runner.php',
		'line' => (int) 65,
		'function' => '__invoke',
		'class' => 'Cake\Http\BaseApplication',
		'object' => object(App\Application) {},
		'type' => '->',
		'args' => [
			(int) 0 => object(Cake\Http\ServerRequest) {},
			(int) 1 => object(Cake\Http\Response) {},
			(int) 2 => object(Cake\Http\Runner) {}
		]
	],
	(int) 7 => [
		'file' => '/home/brlfuser/public_html/vendor/cakephp/cakephp/src/Routing/Middleware/RoutingMiddleware.php',
		'line' => (int) 162,
		'function' => '__invoke',
		'class' => 'Cake\Http\Runner',
		'object' => object(Cake\Http\Runner) {},
		'type' => '->',
		'args' => [
			(int) 0 => object(Cake\Http\ServerRequest) {},
			(int) 1 => object(Cake\Http\Response) {}
		]
	],
	(int) 8 => [
		'file' => '/home/brlfuser/public_html/vendor/cakephp/cakephp/src/Http/Runner.php',
		'line' => (int) 65,
		'function' => '__invoke',
		'class' => 'Cake\Routing\Middleware\RoutingMiddleware',
		'object' => object(Cake\Routing\Middleware\RoutingMiddleware) {},
		'type' => '->',
		'args' => [
			(int) 0 => object(Cake\Http\ServerRequest) {},
			(int) 1 => object(Cake\Http\Response) {},
			(int) 2 => object(Cake\Http\Runner) {}
		]
	],
	(int) 9 => [
		'file' => '/home/brlfuser/public_html/vendor/cakephp/cakephp/src/Routing/Middleware/AssetMiddleware.php',
		'line' => (int) 97,
		'function' => '__invoke',
		'class' => 'Cake\Http\Runner',
		'object' => object(Cake\Http\Runner) {},
		'type' => '->',
		'args' => [
			(int) 0 => object(Cake\Http\ServerRequest) {},
			(int) 1 => object(Cake\Http\Response) {}
		]
	],
	(int) 10 => [
		'file' => '/home/brlfuser/public_html/vendor/cakephp/cakephp/src/Http/Runner.php',
		'line' => (int) 65,
		'function' => '__invoke',
		'class' => 'Cake\Routing\Middleware\AssetMiddleware',
		'object' => object(Cake\Routing\Middleware\AssetMiddleware) {},
		'type' => '->',
		'args' => [
			(int) 0 => object(Cake\Http\ServerRequest) {},
			(int) 1 => object(Cake\Http\Response) {},
			(int) 2 => object(Cake\Http\Runner) {}
		]
	],
	(int) 11 => [
		'file' => '/home/brlfuser/public_html/vendor/cakephp/cakephp/src/Error/Middleware/ErrorHandlerMiddleware.php',
		'line' => (int) 96,
		'function' => '__invoke',
		'class' => 'Cake\Http\Runner',
		'object' => object(Cake\Http\Runner) {},
		'type' => '->',
		'args' => [
			(int) 0 => object(Cake\Http\ServerRequest) {},
			(int) 1 => object(Cake\Http\Response) {}
		]
	],
	(int) 12 => [
		'file' => '/home/brlfuser/public_html/vendor/cakephp/cakephp/src/Http/Runner.php',
		'line' => (int) 65,
		'function' => '__invoke',
		'class' => 'Cake\Error\Middleware\ErrorHandlerMiddleware',
		'object' => object(Cake\Error\Middleware\ErrorHandlerMiddleware) {},
		'type' => '->',
		'args' => [
			(int) 0 => object(Cake\Http\ServerRequest) {},
			(int) 1 => object(Cake\Http\Response) {},
			(int) 2 => object(Cake\Http\Runner) {}
		]
	],
	(int) 13 => [
		'file' => '/home/brlfuser/public_html/vendor/cakephp/cakephp/src/Http/Runner.php',
		'line' => (int) 51,
		'function' => '__invoke',
		'class' => 'Cake\Http\Runner',
		'object' => object(Cake\Http\Runner) {},
		'type' => '->',
		'args' => [
			(int) 0 => object(Cake\Http\ServerRequest) {},
			(int) 1 => object(Cake\Http\Response) {}
		]
	],
	(int) 14 => [
		'file' => '/home/brlfuser/public_html/vendor/cakephp/cakephp/src/Http/Server.php',
		'line' => (int) 98,
		'function' => 'run',
		'class' => 'Cake\Http\Runner',
		'object' => object(Cake\Http\Runner) {},
		'type' => '->',
		'args' => [
			(int) 0 => object(Cake\Http\MiddlewareQueue) {},
			(int) 1 => object(Cake\Http\ServerRequest) {},
			(int) 2 => object(Cake\Http\Response) {}
		]
	],
	(int) 15 => [
		'file' => '/home/brlfuser/public_html/webroot/index.php',
		'line' => (int) 39,
		'function' => 'run',
		'class' => 'Cake\Http\Server',
		'object' => object(Cake\Http\Server) {},
		'type' => '->',
		'args' => []
	]
]
$frame = [
	'file' => '/home/brlfuser/public_html/src/Controller/ArtileDetailController.php',
	'line' => (int) 151,
	'function' => 'offsetGet',
	'class' => 'Cake\Http\ServerRequest',
	'object' => object(Cake\Http\ServerRequest) {
		trustProxy => false
		[protected] params => [
			[maximum depth reached]
		]
		[protected] data => [[maximum depth reached]]
		[protected] query => [[maximum depth reached]]
		[protected] cookies => [[maximum depth reached]]
		[protected] _environment => [
			[maximum depth reached]
		]
		[protected] url => 'news-alerts-57/the-country-has-miles-to-go-in-reducing-maternal-deaths-4688477.html'
		[protected] base => ''
		[protected] webroot => '/'
		[protected] here => '/news-alerts-57/the-country-has-miles-to-go-in-reducing-maternal-deaths-4688477.html'
		[protected] trustedProxies => [[maximum depth reached]]
		[protected] _input => null
		[protected] _detectors => [
			[maximum depth reached]
		]
		[protected] _detectorCache => [
			[maximum depth reached]
		]
		[protected] stream => object(Zend\Diactoros\PhpInputStream) {}
		[protected] uri => object(Zend\Diactoros\Uri) {}
		[protected] session => object(Cake\Http\Session) {}
		[protected] attributes => [[maximum depth reached]]
		[protected] emulatedAttributes => [
			[maximum depth reached]
		]
		[protected] uploadedFiles => [[maximum depth reached]]
		[protected] protocol => null
		[protected] requestTarget => null
		[private] deprecatedProperties => [
			[maximum depth reached]
		]
	},
	'type' => '->',
	'args' => [
		(int) 0 => 'artileslug'
	]
]
deprecationWarning - CORE/src/Core/functions.php, line 311
Cake\Http\ServerRequest::offsetGet() - CORE/src/Http/ServerRequest.php, line 2421
App\Controller\ArtileDetailController::index() - APP/Controller/ArtileDetailController.php, line 151
Cake\Controller\Controller::invokeAction() - CORE/src/Controller/Controller.php, line 610
Cake\Http\ActionDispatcher::_invoke() - CORE/src/Http/ActionDispatcher.php, line 120
Cake\Http\ActionDispatcher::dispatch() - CORE/src/Http/ActionDispatcher.php, line 94
Cake\Http\BaseApplication::__invoke() - CORE/src/Http/BaseApplication.php, line 235
Cake\Http\Runner::__invoke() - CORE/src/Http/Runner.php, line 65
Cake\Routing\Middleware\RoutingMiddleware::__invoke() - CORE/src/Routing/Middleware/RoutingMiddleware.php, line 162
Cake\Http\Runner::__invoke() - CORE/src/Http/Runner.php, line 65
Cake\Routing\Middleware\AssetMiddleware::__invoke() - CORE/src/Routing/Middleware/AssetMiddleware.php, line 97
Cake\Http\Runner::__invoke() - CORE/src/Http/Runner.php, line 65
Cake\Error\Middleware\ErrorHandlerMiddleware::__invoke() - CORE/src/Error/Middleware/ErrorHandlerMiddleware.php, line 96
Cake\Http\Runner::__invoke() - CORE/src/Http/Runner.php, line 65
Cake\Http\Runner::run() - CORE/src/Http/Runner.php, line 51
Cake\Http\Server::run() - CORE/src/Http/Server.php, line 98

Warning (512): Unable to emit headers. Headers sent in file=/home/brlfuser/public_html/vendor/cakephp/cakephp/src/Error/Debugger.php line=853 [CORE/src/Http/ResponseEmitter.php, line 48]
Code Context
            if (Configure::read('debug')) {

                trigger_error($message, E_USER_WARNING);

            } else {
$response = object(Cake\Http\Response) {

	'status' => (int) 200,
	'contentType' => 'text/html',
	'headers' => [
		'Content-Type' => [
			[maximum depth reached]
		]
	],
	'file' => null,
	'fileRange' => [],
	'cookies' => object(Cake\Http\Cookie\CookieCollection) {},
	'cacheDirectives' => [],
	'body' => '<!DOCTYPE html>
<!--[if lt IE 7 ]>
<html class="ie ie6" lang='en'> <![endif]-->
<!--[if IE 7 ]>
<html class="ie ie7" lang='en'> <![endif]-->
<!--[if IE 8 ]>
<html class="ie ie8" lang='en'> <![endif]-->
<!--[if (gte IE 9)|!(IE)]><!-->
<html lang='en'>
<!--<![endif]-->
<head><meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=utf-8">
    
    <title>
        NEWS ALERTS | The country has miles to go in reducing maternal deaths    </title>
    <meta name="description" content="&nbsp;

A high maternal mortality ratio (MMRatio) indicates low status of women in the society apart from poor functioning of the health services delivery system. Recently released data by the Sample Registration System (SRS) bulletin indicates that for the country as..."/>
    <meta name="keywords" content="maternal deaths,maternal mortality,maternal mortality rate,maternal mortality ratio"/>
    <meta name="news_keywords" content="maternal deaths,maternal mortality,maternal mortality rate,maternal mortality ratio">
   
    <link rel="alternate" type="application/rss+xml" title="ROR" href="/ror.xml"/>
    <link rel="alternate" type="application/rss+xml" title="RSS 2.0" href="/feeds/"/>
    <link rel="stylesheet" href="/css/bootstrap.min.css?1697864993"/>    <link rel="stylesheet" href="/css/style.css?v=1.1.2"/>    <link rel="stylesheet" href="/css/style-inner.css?1577045210"/>    <link rel="stylesheet" id="Oswald-css"
          href="https://fonts.googleapis.com/css?family=Oswald%3Aregular%2C700&amp;ver=3.8.1" type="text/css"
          media="all">
    <link rel="stylesheet" href="/css/jquery.modal.min.css?1578285302"/>    <script src="/js/jquery-1.10.2.js?1575549704"></script>    <script src="/js/jquery-migrate.min.js?1575549704"></script>    <link rel="shortcut icon" href="/favicon.ico" title="Favicon">
    <link rel="stylesheet" href="/css/jquery-ui.css?1580720609"/>    <script src="/js/jquery-ui.js?1575549704"></script>    <link rel="preload" as="style" href="https://www.im4change.org/css/custom.css" onload="this.rel='stylesheet'" media="all" crossorigin="anonymous">
<link rel="preload" as="style" href="https://www.im4change.org/css/jquery.modal.min.css" onload="this.rel='stylesheet'" media="all" crossorigin="anonymous">
<link rel="preload" as="style" href="https://www.im4change.org/css/jquery-ui.css" onload="this.rel='stylesheet'" media="all" crossorigin="anonymous">
<link rel="preload" as="style" href="https://www.im4change.org/css/li-scroller.css" onload="this.rel='stylesheet'" media="all" crossorigin="anonymous">
<!-- <link rel="preload" as="style" href="https://www.im4change.org/css/style.css" onload="this.rel='stylesheet'" media="all" crossorigin="anonymous"> -->
<link rel="preload" as="style" href="https://www.im4change.org/css/style-inner.css" onload="this.rel='stylesheet'" media="all" crossorigin="anonymous">

<link rel='dns-prefetch' href="//im4change.org/css/custom.css" crossorigin >

<link rel="preload" as="script" href="https://www.im4change.org/js/bootstrap.js">
<link rel="preload" as="script" href="https://www.im4change.org/js/jquery.li-scroller.1.0.js">
<link rel="preload" as="script" href="https://www.im4change.org/js/jquery.modal.min.js">
<link rel="preload" as="script" href="https://www.im4change.org/js/jquery.ui.totop.js">
<link rel="preload" as="script" href="https://www.im4change.org/js/jquery-1.10.2.js">
<link rel="preload" as="script" href="https://www.im4change.org/js/jquery-migrate.min.js">
<link rel="preload" as="script" href="https://www.im4change.org/js/jquery-ui.js">
<link rel="preload" as="script" href="https://www.im4change.org/js/setting.js">
<link rel="preload" as="script" href="https://www.im4change.org/js/tie-scripts.js">
    <!--[if IE]>
    <script type="text/javascript">jQuery(document).ready(function () {
        jQuery(".menu-item").has("ul").children("a").attr("aria-haspopup", "true");
    });</script>
    <![endif]-->
    <!--[if lt IE 9]>
    <script src="/js/html5.js"></script>
    <script src="/js/selectivizr-min.js"></script>
    <![endif]-->
    <!--[if IE 8]>
    <link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" media="all" href="/css/ie8.css"/>
    <![endif]-->
    <meta property="og:title" content="NEWS ALERTS | The country has miles to go in reducing maternal deaths" />
     <meta property="og:url" content="https://im4change.in/news-alerts-57/the-country-has-miles-to-go-in-reducing-maternal-deaths-4688477.html" />
     <meta property="og:type" content="article" />
     <meta property="og:description" content="&nbsp;

A high maternal mortality ratio (MMRatio) indicates low status of women in the society apart from poor functioning of the health services delivery system. Recently released data by the Sample Registration System (SRS) bulletin indicates that for the country as..." />
     <meta property="og:image" content="" />
      <meta property="fb:app_id" content="0" />
    <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1, maximum-scale=1, user-scalable=no">

       <link rel="apple-touch-icon-precomposed" sizes="144x144" href="https://im4change.in/images/apple1.png">
    <link rel="apple-touch-icon-precomposed" sizes="120x120" href="https://im4change.in/images/apple2.png">
    <link rel="apple-touch-icon-precomposed" sizes="72x72" href="https://im4change.in/images/apple3.png">
    <link rel="apple-touch-icon-precomposed" href="https://im4change.in/images/apple4.png">

    <style>
    .gsc-results-wrapper-overlay{
        top: 38% !important;
        height: 50% !important;
    }
    .gsc-search-button-v2{
        border-color: #035588 !important;
        background-color: #035588 !important;
    }

   .gsib_a{
        height: 30px !important;
          padding: 2px 8px 1px 6px !important;
    }

   
    .gsc-search-button-v2{
        height: 41px !important;
    }
    input.gsc-input{
        background: none !important;
    }
    @media only screen and (max-width: 600px) {
        .gsc-results-wrapper-overlay{
            top: 11% !important;
            width: 87% !important;
            left: 9% !important;
            height: 43% !important;
        }

        .gsc-search-button-v2{
            padding: 10px 10px !important;
        
        }
        .gsc-input-box{
            height: 28px !important;
        }
       /* .gsib_a {
            padding: 0px 9px 4px 9px !important;
        }*/
    }
    @media only screen and (min-width: 1200px) and (max-width: 1920px) {
        table.gsc-search-box{
            width: 15% !important;
            float: right !important;
            margin-top: -118px !important;
        }

        .gsc-search-button-v2 {
            
            padding: 6px !important;
           
        }
    }


</style>

    <script>
        $(function () {
            $("#accordion").accordion({
                event: "click hoverintent"
            });
        });

        /*
         * hoverIntent | Copyright 2011 Brian Cherne
         * http://cherne.net/brian/resources/jquery.hoverIntent.html
         * modified by the jQuery UI team
         */
        $.event.special.hoverintent = {
            setup: function () {
                $(this).bind("mouseover", jQuery.event.special.hoverintent.handler);
            },
            teardown: function () {
                $(this).unbind("mouseover", jQuery.event.special.hoverintent.handler);
            },
            handler: function (event) {
                var currentX, currentY, timeout,
                    args = arguments,
                    target = $(event.target),
                    previousX = event.pageX,
                    previousY = event.pageY;

                function track(event) {
                    currentX = event.pageX;
                    currentY = event.pageY;
                }
                ;

                function clear() {
                    target
                        .unbind("mousemove", track)
                        .unbind("mouseout", clear);
                    clearTimeout(timeout);
                }

                function handler() {
                    var prop,
                        orig = event;
                    if ((Math.abs(previousX - currentX) +
                        Math.abs(previousY - currentY)) < 7) {
                        clear();
                        event = $.Event("hoverintent");
                        for (prop in orig) {
                            if (!(prop in event)) {
                                event[prop] = orig[prop];
                            }
                        }
                        // Prevent accessing the original event since the new event
                        // is fired asynchronously and the old event is no longer
                        // usable (#6028)
                        delete event.originalEvent;
                        target.trigger(event);
                    } else {
                        previousX = currentX;
                        previousY = currentY;
                        timeout = setTimeout(handler, 100);
                    }
                }

                timeout = setTimeout(handler, 100);
                target.bind({
                    mousemove: track,
                    mouseout: clear
                });
            }
        };
    </script>
    <script type="text/javascript">
        var _gaq = _gaq || [];
        _gaq.push(['_setAccount', 'UA-472075-3']);
        _gaq.push(['_trackPageview']);

        (function () {
            var ga = document.createElement('script');
            ga.type = 'text/javascript';
            ga.async = true;
            ga.src = ('https:' == document.location.protocol ? 'https://ssl' : 'http://www') + '.google-analytics.com/ga.js';
            var s = document.getElementsByTagName('script')[0];
            s.parentNode.insertBefore(ga, s);
        })();
    </script>
    <link rel="stylesheet" href="/css/custom.css?v=1.16"/>    <script src="/js/jquery.ui.totop.js?1575549704"></script>    <script src="/js/setting.js?1575549704"></script>    <link rel="manifest" href="/manifest.json">
    <meta name="theme-color" content="#616163" />
    <meta name="apple-mobile-web-app-capable" content="yes">
    <meta name="apple-mobile-web-app-status-bar-style" content="black">
    <meta name="apple-mobile-web-app-title" content="im4change">
    <link rel="apple-touch-icon" href="/icons/logo-192x192.png">
</head>
<body id="top" class="home inner blog">
<div class="background-cover"></div>
<div class="wrapper animated">
    <header id="theme-header" class="header_inner" style="position: relative;">
        <div class="logo inner_logo" style="left:20px !important">
                <a title="Home" href="https://im4change.in/">
                    <img src="https://im4change.in/images/logo2.jpg?1582080632" class="logo_image" alt="im4change"/>                </a>
        </div>
        <div class="langhindi" style="color: #000;display:none;"
             href="https://im4change.in/">
            <a class="more-link" href="https://im4change.in/">Home</a>
                        <a href="https://im4change.in/hindi/" class="langbutton ">हिन्दी</a>
                    </div>
        <nav class="fade-in animated2" id="main-nav">
            <div class="container">
                <div class="main-menu">
    <ul class="menu" id="menu-main">
        <li class="menu-item  menu-item-type-custom  menu-item-object-custom  menu-item-has-children"
            style="left: -40px;"><a
                 target="_blank" href="https://im4change.in/">Home</a>
        </li>
        <li class="menu-item mega-menu menu-item-type-taxonomy mega-menu menu-item-object-category mega-menu menu-item-has-children parent-list"
            style=" margin-left: -40px;"><a href="#">KNOWLEDGE GATEWAY <span class="sub-indicator"></span>
            </a>
            <div class="mega-menu-block background_menu" style="padding-top:25px;">
                <div class="container">
                    <div class="mega-menu-content">
                                                                   <div class="mega-menu-item">
                                                 <h3><b>Farm Crisis</b></h3>
                                                                                                    <p style="padding-left:5px;">
                                                    <a  target="_blank" href="https://im4change.in/farm-crisis/farmers039-suicides-14.html"
                                                       class="left postionrel">Farm Suicides                                                       </a>
                                                </p>
                                                                                                        <p style="padding-left:5px;">
                                                    <a  target="_blank" href="https://im4change.in/farm-crisis/unemployment-30.html"
                                                       class="left postionrel">Unemployment                                                       </a>
                                                </p>
                                                                                                        <p style="padding-left:5px;">
                                                    <a  target="_blank" href="https://im4change.in/farm-crisis/rural-distress-70.html"
                                                       class="left postionrel">Rural distress                                                       </a>
                                                </p>
                                                                                                        <p style="padding-left:5px;">
                                                    <a  target="_blank" href="https://im4change.in/farm-crisis/migration-34.html"
                                                       class="left postionrel">Migration                                                       </a>
                                                </p>
                                                                                                        <p style="padding-left:5px;">
                                                    <a  target="_blank" href="https://im4change.in/farm-crisis/key-facts-72.html"
                                                       class="left postionrel">Key Facts                                                       </a>
                                                </p>
                                                                                                        <p style="padding-left:5px;">
                                                    <a  target="_blank" href="https://im4change.in/farm-crisis/debt-trap-15.html"
                                                       class="left postionrel">Debt Trap                                                       </a>
                                                </p>
                                                                                                
                                              </div> 
                                            
                                                                                        <div class="mega-menu-item">
                                                 <h3><b>Empowerment</b></h3>
                                                                                                    <p style="padding-left:5px;">
                                                    <a  target="_blank" href="https://im4change.in/empowerment/union-budget-73.html"
                                                       class="left postionrel">Union Budget And Other Economic Policies                                                       </a>
                                                </p>
                                                                                                        <p style="padding-left:5px;">
                                                    <a  target="_blank" href="https://im4change.in/empowerment/forest-and-tribal-rights-61.html"
                                                       class="left postionrel">Forest and Tribal Rights                                                       </a>
                                                </p>
                                                                                                        <p style="padding-left:5px;">
                                                    <a  target="_blank" href="https://im4change.in/empowerment/right-to-education-60.html"
                                                       class="left postionrel">Right to Education                                                       </a>
                                                </p>
                                                                                                        <p style="padding-left:5px;">
                                                    <a  target="_blank" href="https://im4change.in/empowerment/right-to-food-59.html"
                                                       class="left postionrel">Right to Food                                                       </a>
                                                </p>
                                                                                                        <p style="padding-left:5px;">
                                                    <a  target="_blank" href="https://im4change.in/empowerment/displacement-3279.html"
                                                       class="left postionrel">Displacement                                                       </a>
                                                </p>
                                                                                                        <p style="padding-left:5px;">
                                                    <a  target="_blank" href="https://im4change.in/empowerment/right-to-work-mg-nrega-39.html"
                                                       class="left postionrel">Right to Work (MG-NREGA)                                                       </a>
                                                </p>
                                                                                                        <p style="padding-left:5px;">
                                                    <a  target="_blank" href="https://im4change.in/empowerment/gender-3280.html"
                                                       class="left postionrel">GENDER                                                       </a>
                                                </p>
                                                                                                        <p style="padding-left:5px;">
                                                    <a  target="_blank" href="https://im4change.in/empowerment/right-to-information-58.html"
                                                       class="left postionrel">Right to Information                                                       </a>
                                                </p>
                                                                                                        <p style="padding-left:5px;">
                                                    <a  target="_blank" href="https://im4change.in/empowerment/social-audit-48.html"
                                                       class="left postionrel">Social Audit                                                       </a>
                                                </p>
                                                                                                
                                              </div> 
                                            
                                                                                        <div class="mega-menu-item">
                                                 <h3><b>Hunger / HDI</b></h3>
                                                                                                    <p style="padding-left:5px;">
                                                    <a  target="_blank" href="https://im4change.in/hunger-hdi/poverty-and-inequality-20499.html"
                                                       class="left postionrel">Poverty and inequality                                                       </a>
                                                </p>
                                                                                                        <p style="padding-left:5px;">
                                                    <a  target="_blank" href="https://im4change.in/hunger-hdi/malnutrition-41.html"
                                                       class="left postionrel">Malnutrition                                                       </a>
                                                </p>
                                                                                                        <p style="padding-left:5px;">
                                                    <a  target="_blank" href="https://im4change.in/hunger-hdi/public-health-51.html"
                                                       class="left postionrel">Public Health                                                       </a>
                                                </p>
                                                                                                        <p style="padding-left:5px;">
                                                    <a  target="_blank" href="https://im4change.in/hunger-hdi/education-50.html"
                                                       class="left postionrel">Education                                                       </a>
                                                </p>
                                                                                                        <p style="padding-left:5px;">
                                                    <a  target="_blank" href="https://im4change.in/hunger-hdi/hunger-overview-40.html"
                                                       class="left postionrel">Hunger Overview                                                       </a>
                                                </p>
                                                                                                        <p style="padding-left:5px;">
                                                    <a  target="_blank" href="https://im4change.in/hunger-hdi/hdi-overview-45.html"
                                                       class="left postionrel">HDI Overview                                                       </a>
                                                </p>
                                                                                                        <p style="padding-left:5px;">
                                                    <a  target="_blank" href="https://im4change.in/hunger-hdi/pds-ration-food-security-42.html"
                                                       class="left postionrel">PDS/ Ration/ Food Security                                                       </a>
                                                </p>
                                                                                                        <p style="padding-left:5px;">
                                                    <a  target="_blank" href="https://im4change.in/hunger-hdi/sdgs-113.html"
                                                       class="left postionrel">SDGs                                                       </a>
                                                </p>
                                                                                                        <p style="padding-left:5px;">
                                                    <a  target="_blank" href="https://im4change.in/hunger-hdi/mid-day-meal-scheme-mdms-53.html"
                                                       class="left postionrel">Mid Day Meal Scheme (MDMS)                                                       </a>
                                                </p>
                                                                                                
                                              </div> 
                                            
                                                                                        <div class="mega-menu-item">
                                                 <h3><b>Environment</b></h3>
                                                                                                    <p style="padding-left:5px;">
                                                    <a  target="_blank" href="https://im4change.in/environment/time-bomb-ticking-52.html"
                                                       class="left postionrel">Time Bomb Ticking                                                       </a>
                                                </p>
                                                                                                        <p style="padding-left:5px;">
                                                    <a  target="_blank" href="https://im4change.in/environment/water-and-sanitation-55.html"
                                                       class="left postionrel">Water and Sanitation                                                       </a>
                                                </p>
                                                                                                        <p style="padding-left:5px;">
                                                    <a  target="_blank" href="https://im4change.in/environment/impact-on-agriculture-54.html"
                                                       class="left postionrel">Impact on Agriculture                                                       </a>
                                                </p>
                                                                                                
                                              </div> 
                                            
                                                                                        <div class="mega-menu-item">
                                                 <h3><b>Law & Justice</b></h3>
                                                                                                    <p style="padding-left:5px;">
                                                    <a  target="_blank" href="https://im4change.in/law-justice/social-justice-20500.html"
                                                       class="left postionrel">Social Justice                                                       </a>
                                                </p>
                                                                                                        <p style="padding-left:5px;">
                                                    <a  target="_blank" href="https://im4change.in/law-justice/access-to-justice-47.html"
                                                       class="left postionrel">Access to Justice                                                       </a>
                                                </p>
                                                                                                        <p style="padding-left:5px;">
                                                    <a  target="_blank" href="https://im4change.in/law-justice/human-rights-56.html"
                                                       class="left postionrel">Human Rights                                                       </a>
                                                </p>
                                                                                                        <p style="padding-left:5px;">
                                                    <a  target="_blank" href="https://im4change.in/law-justice/corruption-35.html"
                                                       class="left postionrel">Corruption                                                       </a>
                                                </p>
                                                                                                        <p style="padding-left:5px;">
                                                    <a  target="_blank" href="https://im4change.in/law-justice/general-insecurity-46.html"
                                                       class="left postionrel">General Insecurity                                                       </a>
                                                </p>
                                                                                                        <p style="padding-left:5px;">
                                                    <a  target="_blank" href="https://im4change.in/law-justice/disaster-relief-49.html"
                                                       class="left postionrel">Disaster &amp; Relief                                                       </a>
                                                </p>
                                                                                                
                                              </div> 
                                            
                                                                                        
                    </div>
                </div>
            </div>
        </li>
        <li class="menu-item  menu-item-type-post_type  menu-item-object-page "><a  target="_blank" href="https://im4change.in/nceus_reports.php">NCEUS reports</a>
            
        </li>
        <li class="menu-item  menu-item-type-custom  menu-item-object-custom  menu-item-has-children parent-list ">
            <a  target="_blank" href="https://im4change.in/about-us-9.html">About Us <span
                    class="sub-indicator"></span></a>
            <ul class="sub-menu aboutmenu">
                <li class="menu-item  menu-item-type-post_type  menu-item-object-page"><a
                        target="_blank" href="https://im4change.in/objectives-8.html">Objectives</a>
                </li>
                <li class="menu-item  menu-item-type-post_type  menu-item-object-page"><a
                         target="_blank" href="https://im4change.in/contactus.php">Contact
                        Us</a></li>
                <li class="menu-item  menu-item-type-post_type  menu-item-object-page"><a
                         target="_blank" href="https://im4change.in/about-us-9.html">About
                        Us</a></li>
            </ul>
        </li>
        <li class="menu-item  menu-item-type-custom  menu-item-object-custom  menu-item-has-children ">
            <a  target="_blank" href="https://im4change.in/fellowships.php" title="Fellowships">Fellowships</a>
        </li>
        <li class="menu-item  menu-item-type-custom  menu-item-object-custom  menu-item-has-children  "><a
                 target="_blank" href="https://im4change.in/media-workshops.php">Workshops</a>
        </li>
        <li class="menu-item  menu-item-type-custom  menu-item-object-custom  menu-item-has-children  "><a
                 target="_blank" href="https://im4change.in/research.php">Research</a></li>
        <li class="menu-item  menu-item-type-custom  menu-item-object-custom  menu-item-has-children   "><a
                 target="_blank" href="https://im4change.in/links-64">Partners</a></li>
        <li class="menu-item  menu-item-type-custom  menu-item-object-custom  menu-item-has-children"
            id="menu-item-539"><a  target="_blank" href="https://im4change.in/hindi/"
                                  class="langbutton langlinkfont17">हिन्दी</a></li>
    </ul>
</div>            </div>


                        <!--  <div style="float: right;">
                            <script async src="https://cse.google.com/cse.js?cx=18b4f2e0f11bed3dd"></script>
                            <div class="gcse-search"></div>
                        </div> -->
                       
            <div class="search-block" style=" margin-left: 8px; margin-right: 7px;">
                <form method="get" id="searchform" name="searchform"
                      action="https://im4change.in/search"
                      onsubmit="return searchvalidate();">
                    <button class="search-button" type="submit" value="Search"></button>
                    <input type="text" id="s" name="qryStr" value=""
                           onfocus="if (this.value == 'Search...') {this.value = '';}"
                           onblur="if (this.value == '') {this.value = 'Search...';}">
                </form>
            </div>
        </nav>
    </header>
    <div class="container">
        <div id="main-content" class=" main1 container fade-in animated3 sidebar-narrow-left">
            <div class="content-wrap">
                <div class="content" style="width: 900px;min-height: 500px;">
                        <div class="background_inner innBack" align="center">
        <img src="https://im4change.in/images/media/im4change_37Image_MMRatio.jpg"
             alt="The country has miles to go in reducing maternal deaths"
             class="box_shadow mt5 imgRes" style="max-width:500px;"/>
    </div>
    <section class="cat-box recent-box innerCatRecent">
    <h1 class="cat-box-title">The country has miles to go in reducing maternal deaths</h1>
    <a href="JavaScript:void(0);" onclick="return shareArticle(40344);">
        <img src="https://im4change.in/images/email.png?1582080630" border="0" width="24" align="right" alt="Share this article"/>    </a>

    <a href="https://im4change.in/news-alerts-57/the-country-has-miles-to-go-in-reducing-maternal-deaths-4688477/print"
       rel="nofollow">
        <img src="https://im4change.in/images/icon-print.png?1582080630" border="0" width="24" align="right" alt="Share this article"/>
    </a>
</section>
<section class="recent-box innerCatRecent">
    <small class="pb-1"><span class="dateIcn">
    	<img src="https://im4change.in/images/published.svg?1582080666" alt="published"/> 
		 Published on</span><span class="text-date"> Nov 20, 2019</span>
        &nbsp; <span
                class="dateIcn">
		 	<img src="https://im4change.in/images/modified.svg?1582080666" alt="modified"/>    	 Modified on </span><span class="text-date"> May 14, 2021</span>
    </small>
</section>
<div class="clear"></div>
<div style="padding-top: 10px;">
    <div class="innerLineHeight">
        <div class="middleContent innerInput news-alerts-57">
            <table>
                <tr>
                    <td>
                                                <div>
                            <p style="text-align:justify">&nbsp;</p><div style="text-align:justify">A high maternal mortality ratio (MMRatio) indicates low status of women in the society apart from poor functioning of the health services delivery system. Recently <a href="https://im4change.in/siteadmin/tinymce/uploaded/MMR_Bulletin%202015-17.pdf" title="https://im4change.in/siteadmin/tinymce/uploaded/MMR_Bulletin%202015-17.pdf">released data by the Sample Registration System (SRS) bulletin</a> indicates that for the country as a whole the MMRatio has steadily declined from 398.0 in 1997-98 to 122.0 in 2015-17, which is <a href="https://im4change.in/siteadmin/tinymce/uploaded/MMRatio%20decline_1.jpg" title="https://im4change.in/siteadmin/tinymce/uploaded/MMRatio%20decline_1.jpg">a fall by -69.3 percent</a>.<br /><br /><span style="background-color:#ffff00">Table-1 shows that India&#39;s MMRatio was 398.0 in 1997-98, 327.0 in 1999-01, 301.0 in 2001-03, 254.0 in 2004-06, 212.0 in 2007-09, 178.0 in 2010-12, 167.0 in 2011-13, 130.0 in 2014-16 and 122.0 in 2015-17.</span> The <a href="https://bit.ly/2MmfuuK" title="https://bit.ly/2MmfuuK">United Nations&#39; Sustainable Development Goals</a> (SDGs), however, require the country to bring down its <a href="https://im4change.in/siteadmin/tinymce/uploaded/SDGs_4.jpg" title="MMRatio SDGs" title="https://im4change.in/siteadmin/tinymce/uploaded/SDGs_4.jpg" title="MMRatio SDGs">MMRatio to 70 maternal deaths per lakh live births</a> by the year 2030.<br /><br /><span style="background-color:#ffff00">During 2015-17, the lowest MMRatio was found in Kerala (42.0), followed by Maharashtra (55.0) and Tamil Nadu (63.0). Assam (229.0) had the highest MMRatio, followed by Uttar Pradesh (216.0) and Madhya Pradesh (188.0).</span><br /><br />Although India&#39;s MMRatio <a href="https://im4change.in/siteadmin/tinymce/uploaded/MMRatio%20decline_1.jpg" title="MMRatio decline_1" title="https://im4change.in/siteadmin/tinymce/uploaded/MMRatio%20decline_1.jpg" title="MMRatio decline_1">has declined by -6.2 percent</a> between 2014-16 and 2015-17, it went down by <a href="https://im4change.in/siteadmin/tinymce/uploaded/MMRatio%20decline_1.jpg" title="https://im4change.in/siteadmin/tinymce/uploaded/MMRatio%20decline_1.jpg">-22.2 percent between 2011-13 and 2014-16</a> <em>(viz. a fall by -7.4 percent a year on average)</em>. Please consult table-1.<br /><br />It may be noted that since 1997-98 the government was clubbing together the MMRatio data for Bihar and Jharkhand as well as Madhya Pradesh and Chhattisgarh. It was even combining the data for Uttar Pradesh and Uttaranchal/ Uttarakhand. However, the MMRatio data for these states has been provided on an individual basis in 2015-17. Therefore, it is not possible to compare the current version of the data with previous years and present the trends in MMRatio for these states.<br /><br />Table-1 indicates that Kerala witnessed <a href="https://im4change.in/siteadmin/tinymce/uploaded/MMRatio%20decline_1.jpg" title="https://im4change.in/siteadmin/tinymce/uploaded/MMRatio%20decline_1.jpg">a fall in MMRatio by -72.0 percent</a> between 1997-98 and 2015-17. <a href="https://im4change.org/latest-news-updates/kerala039s-maternal-mortality-rate-drops-to-46-govt-aims-30-by-2020-vishnu-varma-4684853.html" title="https://im4change.org/latest-news-updates/kerala039s-maternal-mortality-rate-drops-to-46-govt-aims-30-by-2020-vishnu-varma-4684853.html">Experts</a> think that the state&#39;s better health infrastructure, improvement in delivery care facilities <em>(including hospital deliveries) </em>and betterment of nutritional level among pregnant women may have contributed towards Kerala&#39;s low MMRatio over the years vis-&agrave;-vis other states.</div><div style="text-align:justify">&nbsp;</div><div style="text-align:justify">MMRatio for West Bengal came down from 303.0 to 94.0 between 1997-98 and 2015-17 viz. <a href="https://im4change.in/siteadmin/tinymce/uploaded/MMRatio%20decline_1.jpg" title="https://im4change.in/siteadmin/tinymce/uploaded/MMRatio%20decline_1.jpg">a fall by -69.0 percent</a>. Kindly see table-1.<br /><br /><strong>Table 1: Maternal Mortality Ratio, India and Bigger States, 1997-1998 to 2015-17</strong><br /><br /><img alt="Table 1 Maternal Mortality Ratio, India and Bigger State 1997-1998 to 2015-17" src="https://im4change.in/siteadmin/tinymce/uploaded/Table%201%20Maternal%20Mortality%20Ratio,%20India%20and%20Bigger%20State%201997-1998%20to%202015-17.jpg" style="height:662px; width:842px" /><br /><em><strong>Source:</strong> Sample Registration System, Office of the Registrar General &amp; Census Commissioner, India, please <a href="http://www.censusindia.gov.in/2011-Common/Sample_Registration_System.html" title="http://www.censusindia.gov.in/2011-Common/Sample_Registration_System.html">click here</a> to access&nbsp; </em><br />---<br /><br /><span style="background-color:#ffff00"><a href="https://im4change.in/siteadmin/tinymce/uploaded/MMR_2010-12-Report_Pres_19.12.2013_2.ppt" title="https://im4change.in/siteadmin/tinymce/uploaded/MMR_2010-12-Report_Pres_19.12.2013_2.ppt">According to the SRS</a>, the MMRatio refers to the number of women who die as a result of complications of pregnancy or childbearing in a given year per 100,000 live births in that year.</span><br />&nbsp;</div><div style="text-align:justify">From the table-1, it is observed that almost for all the years, altogether the southern states <em>(viz. Andhra Pradesh, Telangana, Karnataka, Kerala and Tamil Nadu)</em> have exhibited a lower MMRatio vis-&agrave;-vis the 8 Empowered Action Group (EAG) states <em>(viz. Bihar, Jharkhand, Uttar Pradesh, Uttarakhand, Madhya Pradesh, Chhattisgarh, Orissa and Rajasthan)</em> and also Assam.<br /><br />The decline in MMRatio has been most significant in EAG states and Assam from 188 to 175 between 2014-16 and 2015-17 <em>(viz. <a href="https://im4change.in/siteadmin/tinymce/uploaded/MMRatio%20decline_1.jpg" title="https://im4change.in/siteadmin/tinymce/uploaded/MMRatio%20decline_1.jpg">by -6.9 percent</a>)</em>. Among the southern states, the fall between these two time points has been from 77 to 72 <em>(viz. by <a href="https://im4change.in/siteadmin/tinymce/uploaded/MMRatio%20decline_1.jpg" title="https://im4change.in/siteadmin/tinymce/uploaded/MMRatio%20decline_1.jpg">-6.5 percent</a>)</em> and in the &#39;Other sub-total&#39; from 93 to 90 <em>(viz. <a href="https://im4change.in/siteadmin/tinymce/uploaded/MMRatio%20decline_1.jpg" title="https://im4change.in/siteadmin/tinymce/uploaded/MMRatio%20decline_1.jpg">by -3.2 percent</a>)</em>.<br /><br />It could be further seen that from 1999-2001 onwards among the group sub-totals, the MMRatio was the highest for &lsquo;EAG and Assam sub-total&rsquo;, followed by &lsquo;Other sub-total&rsquo; <em>(comprising the states of Gujarat, Haryana, Maharashtra, Punjab, West Bengal and other states)</em> and &#39;South sub-total&#39;.<br /><br />An international report entitled <em><a href="https://im4change.org/empowerment/gender-3280.html?pgno=2#trends-in-maternal-mortality-2000-to-2017-estimates-by-who-unicef-world-bank-groups-and-the-united-nations-population-division-released-in-september-2019" title="https://im4change.org/empowerment/gender-3280.html?pgno=2#trends-in-maternal-mortality-2000-to-2017-estimates-by-who-unicef-world-bank-groups-and-the-united-nations-population-division-released-in-september-2019">Trends in Maternal Mortality 2000 to 2017</a>: Estimates by WHO, UNICEF, UNFPA, World Bank Group and the United Nations Population Division</em>, published recently, finds that Nigeria and India had the highest estimated numbers of maternal deaths, accounting for approximately one-third <em>(35 percent)</em> of estimated global maternal deaths in 2017, with approximately 67,000 and 35,000 maternal deaths <em>(23 percent and 12 percent of global maternal deaths)</em>, respectively. That report also shows that <a href="https://lnkd.in/fNTF8SH" title="https://lnkd.in/fNTF8SH">MMRatio for the country (modelled estimate)</a> was <a href="https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/SH.STA.MMRT?locations=IN-BD-CN-8S&amp;fbclid=IwAR3VOsjL1HO25zn7NBsENDJHR_N5vCiiLP2Kb7vIEczjCRsj-VStl-J8EiY" title="https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/SH.STA.MMRT?locations=IN-BD-CN-8S&amp;fbclid=IwAR3VOsjL1HO25zn7NBsENDJHR_N5vCiiLP2Kb7vIEczjCRsj-VStl-J8EiY">370 in 2000</a>, <a href="https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/SH.STA.MMRT?locations=IN-BD-CN-8S&amp;fbclid=IwAR3VOsjL1HO25zn7NBsENDJHR_N5vCiiLP2Kb7vIEczjCRsj-VStl-J8EiY" title="https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/SH.STA.MMRT?locations=IN-BD-CN-8S&amp;fbclid=IwAR3VOsjL1HO25zn7NBsENDJHR_N5vCiiLP2Kb7vIEczjCRsj-VStl-J8EiY">286 in 2005</a>, <a href="https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/SH.STA.MMRT?locations=IN-BD-CN-8S&amp;fbclid=IwAR3VOsjL1HO25zn7NBsENDJHR_N5vCiiLP2Kb7vIEczjCRsj-VStl-J8EiY" title="https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/SH.STA.MMRT?locations=IN-BD-CN-8S&amp;fbclid=IwAR3VOsjL1HO25zn7NBsENDJHR_N5vCiiLP2Kb7vIEczjCRsj-VStl-J8EiY">210 in 2010</a>, <a href="https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/SH.STA.MMRT?locations=IN-BD-CN-8S&amp;fbclid=IwAR3VOsjL1HO25zn7NBsENDJHR_N5vCiiLP2Kb7vIEczjCRsj-VStl-J8EiY" title="https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/SH.STA.MMRT?locations=IN-BD-CN-8S&amp;fbclid=IwAR3VOsjL1HO25zn7NBsENDJHR_N5vCiiLP2Kb7vIEczjCRsj-VStl-J8EiY">158 in 2015</a> and <a href="https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/SH.STA.MMRT?locations=IN-BD-CN-8S&amp;fbclid=IwAR3VOsjL1HO25zn7NBsENDJHR_N5vCiiLP2Kb7vIEczjCRsj-VStl-J8EiY" title="https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/SH.STA.MMRT?locations=IN-BD-CN-8S&amp;fbclid=IwAR3VOsjL1HO25zn7NBsENDJHR_N5vCiiLP2Kb7vIEczjCRsj-VStl-J8EiY">145 in 2017</a>.<br /><br />Readers may note that the SRS is the largest demographic sample survey in the country, which is conducted by the Office of the Registrar General, India of the Ministry of Home Affairs.<br /><br />A <a href="https://pib.gov.in/newsite/PrintRelease.aspx?relid=179837" title="https://pib.gov.in/newsite/PrintRelease.aspx?relid=179837">press release</a> by the Ministry of Health and Family Welfare dated 6th June, 2018 says that initiatives like Mission Indradhanush and Intensified Mission Indradhanush in the low performing states have helped in reducing MMRatio. Other initiatives under the umbrella of <a href="http://nhm.gov.in/" title="http://nhm.gov.in/">National Health Mission</a> (NHM) like augmentation of infrastructure and Human Resources, Capacity Building and <a href="https://www.nhp.gov.in/janani-shishu-suraksha-karyakaram-jssk_pg" title="https://www.nhp.gov.in/janani-shishu-suraksha-karyakaram-jssk_pg">Janani Shishu Suraksha Karyakaram</a> (JSSK), which provides for free transport and care for pregnant women may have also helped in reducing MMRatio.<br /><br />The <a href="https://im4change.in/siteadmin/tinymce/uploaded/MMR_Bulletin%202015-17.pdf" title="https://im4change.in/siteadmin/tinymce/uploaded/MMR_Bulletin%202015-17.pdf">recently released bulletin</a> says that verbal autopsy instruments are administered for the deaths reported under the SRS on a regular basis to yield cause-specific mortality profile in the country.<br /><br />The website of MeasureEvaluation (<a href="https://bit.ly/2t3f8kF" title="https://bit.ly/2t3f8kF">https://bit.ly/2t3f8kF</a>) -- a partnership involving more than 5 organisations including the US Agency for International Development (USAID) --&nbsp; says that it is difficult to investigate maternal deaths because of the comparative rarity of such deaths on a population basis, apart from other context-specific factors, such as reluctance to report abortion-related deaths, problems of memory recall, or lack of medical attribution. If there is a significantly large population of non-users of health services, then it would not be prudent to rely heavily on health services data on MMRatio. Inaccuracies in routine registers and omission of deaths occurring outside maternity wards may also add to the problems related to using such health services information extensively.<br /><br />Instead of a precise measure, MMRatios broadly indicate the level of maternal mortality because of the limitations inherent in most measurement methods. In order to know more about MMRatio, please go to <a href="https://bit.ly/2t3f8kF" title="https://bit.ly/2t3f8kF">https://bit.ly/2t3f8kF</a>.<br /><br /><strong>Maternal Mortality Rate</strong><br /><br /><span style="background-color:#ffff00"><a href="https://im4change.in/siteadmin/tinymce/uploaded/MMR_2010-12-Report_Pres_19.12.2013_2.ppt" title="https://im4change.in/siteadmin/tinymce/uploaded/MMR_2010-12-Report_Pres_19.12.2013_2.ppt">According to the SRS</a>, maternal mortality rate (MMR) is defined as the number of maternal deaths to women in the ages 15-49 per lakh of women in that age group.</span><br /><br /><span style="background-color:#ffff00">From table-2, it is observed that India&#39;s MMR as a whole has fallen from 11.7 in 2011-13 to 8.8 in 2014-16, and further to 8.1 in 2015-17.</span><br /><br /><strong>Table 2: Maternal Mortality Rate, India and Bigger States, 2011-13 to 2015-17</strong><br /><br /><img alt="Table 2 Maternal Mortality Rate India and Bigger States 2011-13 to 2015-17" src="https://im4change.in/siteadmin/tinymce/uploaded/Table%202%20Maternal%20Mortality%20Rate%20India%20and%20Bigger%20States%202011-13%20to%202015-17.jpg" style="height:649px; width:495px" /><br /><br /><em><strong>Source:</strong> Sample Registration System, Office of the Registrar General &amp; Census Commissioner, India, please <a href="http://www.censusindia.gov.in/2011-Common/Sample_Registration_System.html" title="http://www.censusindia.gov.in/2011-Common/Sample_Registration_System.html">click here</a> to access</em>&nbsp;<br />---<br /><br /><span style="background-color:#ffff00">Kerala (1.9) had the lowest MMR in 2015-17, followed by Maharashtra (3.3) and Andhra Pradesh (3.6). Uttar Pradesh (20.1) had the highest MMR in 2015-17, followed by Madhya Pradesh (17.5) and Bihar (16.9). </span><br /><br />It is impossible to compare the current version of the data with previous years and present the trends in MMR for the&nbsp; states of Bihar, Jharkhand, Madhya Pradesh, Chhattisgarh, Uttar Pradesh and Uttaranchal/ Uttarakhand. Please check table-2.<br /><br />The decline in MMR has been most significant in southern states from 4.7 to 4.2 between 2014-16 and 2015-17 <em>(viz. <a href="https://im4change.in/siteadmin/tinymce/uploaded/Fall%20in%20Maternal%20Mortality%20Rate.jpg" title="Fall in Maternal Mortality Rate" title="https://im4change.in/siteadmin/tinymce/uploaded/Fall%20in%20Maternal%20Mortality%20Rate.jpg" title="Fall in Maternal Mortality Rate">by -10.6 percent</a>)</em>. Among the EAG states and Assam, the fall between these two points has been from 16.0 to 14.6 <em>(viz. <a href="https://im4change.in/siteadmin/tinymce/uploaded/Fall%20in%20Maternal%20Mortality%20Rate.jpg" title="Fall in Maternal Mortality Rate" title="https://im4change.in/siteadmin/tinymce/uploaded/Fall%20in%20Maternal%20Mortality%20Rate.jpg" title="Fall in Maternal Mortality Rate">by -8.8 percent</a>)</em> and in the &#39;Other sub-total&#39; from 5.4 to 5.1 <em>(viz. <a href="https://im4change.in/siteadmin/tinymce/uploaded/Fall%20in%20Maternal%20Mortality%20Rate.jpg" title="Fall in Maternal Mortality Rate" title="https://im4change.in/siteadmin/tinymce/uploaded/Fall%20in%20Maternal%20Mortality%20Rate.jpg" title="Fall in Maternal Mortality Rate">by -5.6 percent</a>)</em>.<br /><br />Among the sub-group totals, MMR was the highest for &lsquo;EAG and Assam sub-total&rsquo; <em>(comprising Assam, Bihar, Jharkhand, Madhya Pradesh, Chhattisgarh, Odisha, Rajasthan, Uttar Pradesh and Uttaranchal/ Uttarakhand)</em> in 2011-13, 2014-16 and 2015-17, followed by &lsquo;Other sub-total&rsquo; <em>(comprising Gujarat, Haryana, Maharashtra, Punjab, West Bengal and other states)</em> and &#39;South sub-total&#39; <em>(comprising Andhra Pradesh, Telangana, Karnataka, Kerala and Tamil Nadu)</em>.<br /><br /><strong>How is Maternal Mortality Ratio different from Maternal Mortality Rate?</strong><br /><br />Often researchers and media persons are found to use the terms maternal mortality ratio (MMRatio) and maternal mortality rate (MMR) interchangeably to mean the number of maternal deaths per 100,000 live births. However, as per the World Health Organization (WHO), the <a href="https://www.pop.org/definitions-of-maternal-mortality/#_edn1" title="https://www.pop.org/definitions-of-maternal-mortality/#_edn1">two are different concepts</a>. MMRatio viz. the number of maternal deaths per 100,000 live births, is a measure of the <a href="https://www.pop.org/definitions-of-maternal-mortality/" title="https://www.pop.org/definitions-of-maternal-mortality/">risk of death once a woman has become pregnant</a>. In order to understand the concept of MMRatio, please <a href="https://www.pop.org/definitions-of-maternal-mortality/#_edn1" title="https://www.pop.org/definitions-of-maternal-mortality/#_edn1">consider this example</a>. There is a village that has 1,000 people. Twenty women in that village become pregnant. There is miscarriage of 5 babies. Fifteen women give birth to 15 live babies. Five women who gave birth die due to complications in the pregnancy. In this case the MMRatio is 5 maternal deaths out of 15 live births, which is 33.3 percent.<br /><br />As opposed to MMRatio, MMR is the number of maternal deaths <em>(direct and indirect)</em> in a given period per 100,000 women of reproductive age <em>(15-49 years)</em> during the same time period. In order to understand the concept of MMR, kindly <a href="https://www.pop.org/definitions-of-maternal-mortality/#_edn1" title="https://www.pop.org/definitions-of-maternal-mortality/#_edn1">consider this example</a>. There is a village that has 1,000 people. There are 500 women, out of which 400 women belong to the reproductive age. Last year, 15 women gave birth to fifteen live babies. Five women died due to complications in the pregnancy. The MMR, therefore, is 5 maternal deaths out of 400 women of reproductive age, which is 1.25 percent.<br /><br /><br /><strong><em>References</em></strong></div><div><p style="text-align:justify"><br />Special Bulletin on Maternal Mortality in India 2015-17, released in November, 2019, Sample Registration System, Office of the Registrar General, India, please <a href="https://im4change.in/siteadmin/tinymce/uploaded/MMR_Bulletin%202015-17.pdf" title="MMR_Bulletin 2015-17" title="https://im4change.in/siteadmin/tinymce/uploaded/MMR_Bulletin%202015-17.pdf" title="MMR_Bulletin 2015-17">click here</a> to access<br /><br />Trends in Maternal Mortality 2000 to 2017: Estimates by WHO, UNICEF, World Bank Groups and the United Nations Population Division, released in September 2019, World Halth Orgnization (WHO), United Nations Children&#39;s Fund (UNICEF), World Bank Groups, United Nations Population Fund (UNFPA) and the United Nations Population Division, please <a href="https://im4change.org/empowerment/gender-3280.html?pgno=2#trends-in-maternal-mortality-2000-to-2017-estimates-by-who-unicef-world-bank-groups-and-the-united-nations-population-division-released-in-september-2019" title="https://im4change.org/empowerment/gender-3280.html?pgno=2#trends-in-maternal-mortality-2000-to-2017-estimates-by-who-unicef-world-bank-groups-and-the-united-nations-population-division-released-in-september-2019">click here</a> to access&nbsp;<br /><br />Special Bulletin on Maternal Mortality in India 2014-16, released in May, 2018, Sample Registration System, Office of the Registrar General, India, please <a href="https://im4change.in/siteadmin/tinymce/uploaded/MMR%20Bulletin-2014-16.pdf" title="https://im4change.in/siteadmin/tinymce/uploaded/MMR%20Bulletin-2014-16.pdf">click here</a> to access&nbsp;<br /><br />Special Bulletin on Maternal Mortality in India 2011-13, Sample Registration System, Office of the Registrar General, India, please <a href="https://im4change.in/siteadmin/tinymce/uploaded/mmr_bulletin_2011-13.pdf" title="https://im4change.in/siteadmin/tinymce/uploaded/mmr_bulletin_2011-13.pdf">click here</a> to access&nbsp;<br /><br />Compendium of India&#39;s Fertility and Mortality Indicators, 1971-2013, Sample Registration System, Office of the Registrar General, India, please <a href="http://www.censusindia.gov.in/vital_statistics/Compendium/00-Ind.XLS" title="http://www.censusindia.gov.in/vital_statistics/Compendium/00-Ind.XLS">click here</a> and <a href="https://im4change.in/siteadmin/tinymce/uploaded/Copy%20of%2000%20Ind%20trends%20in%20PDF.pdf" title="Copy of 00 Ind trends in PDF" title="https://im4change.in/siteadmin/tinymce/uploaded/Copy%20of%2000%20Ind%20trends%20in%20PDF.pdf" title="Copy of 00 Ind trends in PDF">here</a> to access&nbsp;<br /><br />Sample Registration System, Office of the Registrar General &amp; Census Commissioner, India, please <a href="http://www.censusindia.gov.in/2011-Common/Sample_Registration_System.html" title="http://www.censusindia.gov.in/2011-Common/Sample_Registration_System.html">click here</a> to access<br /><br />A Presentation on Maternal Mortality Levels (2010-12), please <a href="http://www.censusindia.gov.in/vital_statistics/SRS_Bulletins/MMR_2010-12-Report_Pres_19.12.2013.ppt" title="http://www.censusindia.gov.in/vital_statistics/SRS_Bulletins/MMR_2010-12-Report_Pres_19.12.2013.ppt">click here</a> to access<br /><br />Maternal mortality ratio (MMR), Family Planning and Reproductive Health Indicators Database, please <a href="https://www.measureevaluation.org/prh/rh_indicators/womens-health/sm/maternal-mortality-ratio-mmr" title="https://www.measureevaluation.org/prh/rh_indicators/womens-health/sm/maternal-mortality-ratio-mmr">click here</a> to access<br /><br />India shows impressive gains in reduction of Maternal Mortality with 22% reduction since 2013, Press Information Bureau, Ministry of Health and Family Welfare, dated 6 June, 2018, please <a href="http://pib.nic.in/newsite/PrintRelease.aspx?relid=179837" title="http://pib.nic.in/newsite/PrintRelease.aspx?relid=179837">click here</a> to access&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<br /><br />Shri JP Nadda highlights the achievements of the Health Ministry, Press Information Bureau, Ministry of Health and Family Welfare, dated 11 June 2018 please <a href="http://pib.nic.in/newsite/PrintRelease.aspx?relid=179896" title="http://pib.nic.in/newsite/PrintRelease.aspx?relid=179896">click here</a> to access&nbsp;</p><div style="text-align:justify">&nbsp;</div></div><div style="text-align:justify">Monitoring Health in the Sustainable Development Goals: 2017, World Health Organization, Regional Office for South East Asia, as quoted in the National Health Profile 2018, page no. 288, please <a href="https://bit.ly/2MmfuuK" title="https://bit.ly/2MmfuuK">click here</a> to access&nbsp;</div><div style="text-align:justify"><br />Maternal mortality ratio is falling but more effort required to catch up with China, News alert by Inclusive Media for Change dated 12 June, 2018, please <a href="https://im4change.org/news-alerts/maternal-mortality-ratio-is-falling-but-more-effort-required-to-catch-up-with-china-4684850.html" title="https://im4change.org/news-alerts/maternal-mortality-ratio-is-falling-but-more-effort-required-to-catch-up-with-china-4684850.html">click here</a> to access&nbsp;<br /><br />The drop in the maternal mortality ratio is just the first step, The Telegraph, 18 November, 2019, please <a href="https://im4change.org/latest-news-updates/the-drop-in-the-maternal-mortality-ratio-is-just-the-first-step-4688467.html" title="https://im4change.org/latest-news-updates/the-drop-in-the-maternal-mortality-ratio-is-just-the-first-step-4688467.html">click here</a> to access<br /><br />Explained -- Maternal mortality rate in the states: Assam 229, Kerala 42, The Indian Express, 9 November, 2019, please <a href="https://im4change.org/latest-news-updates/explained-maternal-mortality-rate-in-the-states-assam-229-kerala-42-4688435.html" title="https://im4change.org/latest-news-updates/explained-maternal-mortality-rate-in-the-states-assam-229-kerala-42-4688435.html">click here</a> to access&nbsp;<br /><br />India losing fewer mothers to childbirth, data reveal, The Hindu Business Line, 8 November, 2019, please <a href="https://im4change.org/latest-news-updates/india-losing-fewer-mothers-to-childbirth-data-reveal-4688414.html" title="https://im4change.org/latest-news-updates/india-losing-fewer-mothers-to-childbirth-data-reveal-4688414.html">click here</a> to access&nbsp;<br /><br />Maternal death rate declining: report -Afshan Yasmeen, The Hindu, 8 November, 2019, please <a href="https://im4change.org/latest-news-updates/maternal-death-rate-declining-report-afshan-yasmeen-4688432.html" title="https://im4change.org/latest-news-updates/maternal-death-rate-declining-report-afshan-yasmeen-4688432.html">click here</a> to access<br /><br />Kerala&#39;s maternal mortality rate drops to 46, govt aims 30 by 2020 -Vishnu Varma, The Indian Express, 7 June, 2018, please <a href="https://im4change.org/latest-news-updates/kerala039s-maternal-mortality-rate-drops-to-46-govt-aims-30-by-2020-vishnu-varma-4684853.html" title="https://im4change.org/latest-news-updates/kerala039s-maternal-mortality-rate-drops-to-46-govt-aims-30-by-2020-vishnu-varma-4684853.html">click here</a> to access&nbsp;<br /><br /><br /><strong>Image Courtesy: UNDP India</strong></div>                                                           
                        </div>
                    </td>
                </tr>
            </table>
        </div>
    </div>
</div>
<div class="clear"></div>
        <div style="padding-top: 18px;">
        <p class="post-tag">Tagged with:
                            <a class="tagcloud5"
                   href="https://im4change.in/search?qryStr=maternal deaths"
                   title="maternal deaths">
                    maternal deaths                </a>
                                <a class="tagcloud5"
                   href="https://im4change.in/search?qryStr=maternal mortality"
                   title="maternal mortality">
                    maternal mortality                </a>
                                <a class="tagcloud5"
                   href="https://im4change.in/search?qryStr=maternal mortality rate"
                   title="maternal mortality rate">
                    maternal mortality rate                </a>
                                <a class="tagcloud5"
                   href="https://im4change.in/search?qryStr=maternal mortality ratio"
                   title="maternal mortality ratio">
                    maternal mortality ratio                </a>
                        </p>
    </div>
<div class="clear"></div>
    <br><br>
    <div class="widget-top">
        <h4>Related Articles</h4>
        <div class="stripe-line"></div>
    </div>
    <div class="widget-container">
        <ul id="recentcomments">
                            <li class="recentcomments">
                    <a href="https://im4change.in/latest-news-updates/data-shows-maternal-mortality-rate-in-west-bengal-rise-above-national-average-subhajoy-roy.html"
                       title="Data shows maternal mortality rate in West Bengal rise above national average -Subhajoy Roy">
                        Data shows maternal mortality rate in West Bengal rise above national average -Subhajoy Roy                    </a>
                </li>
                                <li class="recentcomments">
                    <a href="https://im4change.in/latest-news-updates/india-shows-progress-on-maternal-mortality-gs-mudur.html"
                       title="India shows progress on maternal mortality -GS Mudur">
                        India shows progress on maternal mortality -GS Mudur                    </a>
                </li>
                                <li class="recentcomments">
                    <a href="https://im4change.in/latest-news-updates/india-improves-maternal-mortality-ratio-but-poorer-states-yet-to-make-progress-taran-deol.html"
                       title="India improves maternal mortality ratio, but poorer states yet to make progress -Taran Deol">
                        India improves maternal mortality ratio, but poorer states yet to make progress -Taran Deol                    </a>
                </li>
                                <li class="recentcomments">
                    <a href="https://im4change.in/latest-news-updates/maternal-mortality-ratio-reduces-to-97-in-2018-20-from-130-in-2014-16-says-mandaviya.html"
                       title="Maternal mortality ratio reduces to 97 in 2018-20 from 130 in 2014-16, says Mandaviya">
                        Maternal mortality ratio reduces to 97 in 2018-20 from 130 in 2014-16, says Mandaviya                    </a>
                </li>
                                <li class="recentcomments">
                    <a href="https://im4change.in/latest-news-updates/india-s-abortion-law-seems-liberal-but-is-driven-by-a-population-control-logic-not-women-s-rights-mytheli-sreenivas.html"
                       title="India’s abortion law seems liberal but is driven by a population control logic – not women’s rights -Mytheli Sreenivas">
                        India’s abortion law seems liberal but is driven by a population control logic – not women’s rights -Mytheli Sreenivas                    </a>
                </li>
                
        </ul>
    </div>
    <div class="comment-respond" id="respond">
    <a name="commentbox">&nbsp;</a>
    <h3 class="comment-reply-title" id="reply-title">Write Comments</h3>
    <form method="post" accept-charset="utf-8" role="form" action="/news-alerts-57/the-country-has-miles-to-go-in-reducing-maternal-deaths-4688477.html"><div style="display:none;"><input type="hidden" name="_method" value="POST"/></div>    <form class="comment-form" id="commentform" method="post" action="#commentbox" onSubmit="return validate()"
          name="cmtform">
        <input type="hidden" name="cmttype" value="articlecmt"/>
        <input type="hidden" name="article_id" value="40344"/>
        <p class="comment-notes">Your email address will not be published. Required fields are marked <span
                    class="required">*</span></p>
                <p class="comment-form-author">
            <label for="commenterName">Name</label>
            <span class="required">*</span>
            <input type="text" aria-required="true" size="30"
                   value=""
                   name="commenterName" id="commenterName" required="true">
        </p>
        <p class="comment-form-email">
            <label for="commenterEmail">Email</label> <span class="required">*</span>
            <input aria-required="true" size="30" name="commenterEmail" id="commenterEmail" type="email"
                   value=""
                   required="true">
        </p>
        <p class="comment-form-contact">
            <label for="commenterPh">Contact No.</label>
            <input type="text" size="30"
                   value=""
                   name="commenterPh" id="commenterPh">
        </p>
        <p class="comment-form-comment">
            <label for="comment">Comment</label>
            <textarea aria-required="true" required="true" rows="8" cols="45" name="comment"
                      id="comment"></textarea>
        </p>
        <p class="comment-form-comment">
            <label for="comment">Type the characters you see in the image below <span class="required">*</span><br><img
                        class="captchaImg"
                        src="https://im4change.in/securimage_show_art.php?tk=1081776014" alt="captcha"/>
            </label>
        </p>
        <input type="text" name="vrcode" required="true"/>

        <p class="form-submit" style="width: 200px;">
            <input type="submit" value="Post Comment" id="submit" name="submit">
        </p></form>
</div>
<style>
    .ui-widget-content {
        height: auto !important;
    }
</style>
<div id="share-modal"></div>
<style>
    .middleContent a{
        background-color: rgba(108,172,228,.2);
    }
    .middleContent a:hover{
        background-color: #418fde;
        border-color: #418fde;
        color: #000;
        }
</style>
<script>
    function shareArticle(article_id) {
        var options = {
            modal: true,
            height: 'auto',
            width: 600 + 'px'
        };
        $('#share-modal').html("");
        $('#share-modal').load('https://im4change.in/share_article?article_id=' + article_id).dialog(options).dialog('open');
    }

    function postShare() {
        var param = 'article_id=' + $("#article_id").val();
        param = param + '&y_name=' + $("#y_name").val();
        param = param + '&y_email=' + $("#y_email").val();
        param = param + '&f_name=' + $("#f_name").val();
        param = param + '&f_email=' + $("#f_email").val();
        param = param + '&y_msg=' + $("#y_msg").val();

        $.ajax({
            type: "POST",
            url: 'https://im4change.in/post_share_article',
            data: param,
            success: function (response) {
                $('#share-modal').html("Thank You, Your message posted to ");
            }
        });
        return false;
    }
</script>                </div>
            </div>
            <!-- Right Side Section Start -->
<!-- MAP Section START -->
<aside class="sidebar indexMarg">
    <div class="ad-cell">
        <a href="https://im4change.in/statemap.php" title="">
            <img src="https://im4change.in/images/map_new_version.png?1582080666" alt="India State Map" class="indiamap" width="232" height="252"/>        </a>
        <div class="rightmapbox">
            <div id="sideOne" class="docltitle"><a href="https://im4change.in/state-report/india/36" target="_blank">DOCUMENTS/
                    REPORTS</a></div>
            <div id="sideTwo" class="statetitle"><a href="https://im4change.in/states.php"target="_blank">STATE DATA/
                    HDRs.</a></div>
        </div>
        <div class="widget widgePadTop"></div>
    </div>
</aside>
<!-- MAP Section END -->
<aside class="sidebar sidePadbottom">
    <div class="rightsmlbox1" >
        <a href="https://im4change.in/knowledge_gateway" target="_blank" style="color: #035588;
    font-size: 17px;">
            KNOWLEDGE GATEWAY
        </a>
    </div>
    <div class="rightsmlbox1">

        <div>
            <p class="rightsmlbox1_title">
                <a href="https://im4change.in/newsletter" target="_blank">
                    NEWSLETTER
                </a>
            </p>
        </div>
    </div>
        <div class="rightsmlbox1" style="height: 325px;">
        <div>
            <p class="rightsmlbox1_title">
                Interview with Prof. Ravi Srivastava
            </p>
            <p class="rightsmlbox1_title">
                <a href="https://im4change.in/video/interview-with-prof-ravi-srivastava-on-current-economic-crisis">
                <img width="250" height="200" src="/images/interview_video_home.jpg" alt="Interview with Prof. Ravi Srivastava"/>
                </a>
                <!--
                <iframe width="250" height="200" src="https://www.youtube.com/embed/MmaTlntk-wc" frameborder="0" allow="accelerometer; autoplay; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture" allowfullscreen=""></iframe>-->
               
            </p>
            <a href="https://im4change.in/videogallery" class="more-link CatArchalAnch1" target="_blank">
                                More videos
                            </a>
        </div>
    </div>
    
        <div class="rightsmlbox1">
        <div>
            <!--div id="sstory" class="rightboxicons"></div--->
            <p class="rightsmlbox1_title"><a href="https://im4change.in/list-success-stories"  target="_blank">Success Stories</a></p>
        </div>
    </div>
    <div class="rightsmlbox1">
        <div>
            <p class="rightsmlbox1_title"><a
                        href="https://im4change.in/interviews"  target="_blank">Interviews</a>
            </p>
        </div>
    </div>

    <div class="rightsmlbox1">
        <div>
            <p class="rightsmlbox1_title"><a href="https://www.commoncause.in/page.php?id=10" >Donate</a></p>
        </div>
    </div>
    <div class="rightsmlbox1">
        <div>
            <p class="rightsmlbox1_title"><a
        href="https://im4change.in/marquee"
        class="isf_link more-link" title="India Focus?" style="border: 4px solid #fdd922;width: 90%;background-color: #fdd922;text-align: center;color: #000000;font-size:18px"  target="_blank">India Focus</a></p>        </div>
    </div>

    <div class="rightsmlbox1" style="height: 104px !important;">
        <a href="https://im4change.in/quarterly_reports.php" target="_blank">
            Quarterly Reports on Effect of Economic Slowdown on Employment in India (2008 - 2015)
        </a>
    </div>
    
<!--     <div class="rightsmlbox1">
        <a href="https://play.google.com/store/apps/details?id=com.im4.im4change" target="_blank">
            
        </a></div> -->
    <!-- <section class="cat-box recent-box secMarg">
        <h2 class="cat-box-title">Most Visited</h2>
    </section> -->
    <!-- accordion Starts here -->
    <!-- <div id="accordion" class="accordMarg">
            </div> -->
    <!-- accordion ends here -->
    <!-- Widget Tag Cloud Starts here -->
    <div id="tag_cloud-2" class="widget widget_tag_cloud">
        <section class="cat-box recent-box secMarg">
                <h2 class="cat-box-title">MOST VISITED TAGS</h2>
            </section>
        <div class="widget-top wiPdTp">
           
            <div class="stripe-line"></div>
        </div>
        <div class="widget-container">
            <div class="tagcloud">
                                    <a href="https://im4change.in/search?qryStr=Agriculture"
                       target="_blank" class="tag-link-4 font4">Agriculture</a>
                                        <a href="https://im4change.in/search?qryStr=Food Security"
                       target="_blank" class="tag-link-4 font4">Food Security</a>
                                        <a href="https://im4change.in/search?qryStr=Law and Justice"
                       target="_blank" class="tag-link-4 font4">Law and Justice</a>
                                        <a href="https://im4change.in/search?qryStr=Health"
                       target="_blank" class="tag-link-4 font4">Health</a>
                                        <a href="https://im4change.in/search?qryStr=Right to Food"
                       target="_blank" class="tag-link-4 font4">Right to Food</a>
                                        <a href="https://im4change.in/search?qryStr=Corruption"
                       target="_blank" class="tag-link-4 font4">Corruption</a>
                                        <a href="https://im4change.in/search?qryStr=farming"
                       target="_blank" class="tag-link-4 font4">farming</a>
                                        <a href="https://im4change.in/search?qryStr=Environment"
                       target="_blank" class="tag-link-4 font4">Environment</a>
                                        <a href="https://im4change.in/search?qryStr=Right to Information"
                       target="_blank" class="tag-link-4 font4">Right to Information</a>
                                        <a href="https://im4change.in/search?qryStr=NREGS"
                       target="_blank" class="tag-link-4 font4">NREGS</a>
                                        <a href="https://im4change.in/search?qryStr=Human Rights"
                       target="_blank" class="tag-link-4 font4">Human Rights</a>
                                        <a href="https://im4change.in/search?qryStr=Governance"
                       target="_blank" class="tag-link-4 font4">Governance</a>
                                        <a href="https://im4change.in/search?qryStr=PDS"
                       target="_blank" class="tag-link-4 font4">PDS</a>
                                        <a href="https://im4change.in/search?qryStr=COVID-19"
                       target="_blank" class="tag-link-4 font4">COVID-19</a>
                                        <a href="https://im4change.in/search?qryStr=Land Acquisition"
                       target="_blank" class="tag-link-4 font4">Land Acquisition</a>
                                        <a href="https://im4change.in/search?qryStr=mgnrega"
                       target="_blank" class="tag-link-4 font4">mgnrega</a>
                                        <a href="https://im4change.in/search?qryStr=Farmers"
                       target="_blank" class="tag-link-4 font4">Farmers</a>
                                        <a href="https://im4change.in/search?qryStr=transparency"
                       target="_blank" class="tag-link-4 font4">transparency</a>
                                        <a href="https://im4change.in/search?qryStr=Gender"
                       target="_blank" class="tag-link-4 font4">Gender</a>
                                        <a href="https://im4change.in/search?qryStr=Poverty"
                       target="_blank" class="tag-link-4 font4">Poverty</a>
                                    
                                <a href="https://im4change.in/search?qryStr=Farm Laws" target="_blank" class="tag-link-4 font4">Farm Laws
                </a>
                <a href="https://im4change.in/search?qryStr=Citizenship Amendment Act" target="_blank" class="tag-link-4 font4">Citizenship Amendment Act
                </a>
                <a href="https://im4change.in/search?qryStr=CAA NPR NRIC" target="_blank" class="tag-link-4 font4">CAA NPR NRIC
                </a>
                <a href="https://im4change.in/search?qryStr=Job Losses" target="_blank" class="tag-link-4 font4">Job Losses
                </a>
                <a href="https://im4change.in/search?qryStr=Migrant Workers" target="_blank" class="tag-link-4 font4">Migrant Workers
                </a>
                <a href="https://im4change.in/search?qryStr=Unemployment" target="_blank" class="tag-link-4 font4">Unemployment
                </a>
                <a href="https://im4change.in/search?qryStr=PMGKAY" target="_blank" class="tag-link-4 font4">PMGKAY
                </a>
                <a href="https://im4change.in/search?qryStr=PM-KISAN" target="_blank" class="tag-link-4 font4">PM-KISAN
                </a>
                <a href="https://im4change.in/search?qryStr=PM-CARES" target="_blank" class="tag-link-4 font4">PM-CARES
                </a>
                <a href="https://im4change.in/search?qryStr=LFPR" target="_blank" class="tag-link-4 font4">LFPR
                </a>
                
            </div>
        </div>
    </div>
    <!-- Widget Tag Cloud Ends here -->
</aside>
<!-- Right Side Section End -->
        </div>
        <section class="cat-box cats-review-box footerSec">
    <h2 class="cat-box-title vSec CatArcha">Video
        Archives</h2>
    <h2 class="cat-box-title CatArchaTitle">Archives</h2>
    <div class="cat-box-content">
        <div class="reviews-cat">
            <div class="CatArchaDiv1">
                <div class="CatArchaDiv2">
                    <ul>
                                                    <li>
                                <a href="https://im4change.in/news-alerts-57/moving-upstream-luni-fellowship.html"  target="_blank">
                                     Moving Upstream: Luni – Fellowship                                </a>
                            </li>
                                                        <li>
                                <a href="https://im4change.in/news-alerts-57/135-million-indians-exited-multidimensional-poverty-as-per-government-figures-is-that-the-same-as-poverty-reduction.html"  target="_blank">
                                     135 Million Indians Exited “Multidimensional" Poverty as per Government...                                </a>
                            </li>
                                                        <li>
                                <a href="https://im4change.in/news-alerts-57/explainer-why-are-tomato-prices-on-fire.html"  target="_blank">
                                     Explainer: Why are Tomato Prices on Fire?                                </a>
                            </li>
                                                        <li>
                                <a href="https://im4change.in/news-alerts-57/nsso-survey-only-39-1-of-all-households-have-drinking-water-within-dwelling-46-7-of-rural-households-use-firewood-for-cooking.html"  target="_blank">
                                     NSSO Survey: Only 39.1% of all Households have Drinking...                                </a>
                            </li>
                                                    <li class="CatArchalLi1">
                            <a href="https://im4change.in/news-alerts-57"
                               class="more-link CatArchalAnch1"  target="_blank">
                                More...
                            </a>
                        </li>
                    </ul>
                </div>
                                    <div class="CatArchaWidth">
                        <img class="CatArchaImg"
                             src="https://img.youtube.com/vi/I51LYnP8BOk/1.jpg"
                             alt=" Im4Change.org हिंदी वेबसाइट का परिचय. Short Video on im4change.org...">
                        <p class="CatArchaPPad">
                            <a href="https://im4change.in/video/Short-Video-on-im4change-Hindi-website-Inclusive-Media-for-Change"  target="_blank">
                                 Im4Change.org हिंदी वेबसाइट का परिचय. Short Video on im4change.org...                            </a>
                        </p>
                    </div>
                                        <div class="CatArchaWidth">
                        <img class="CatArchaImg"
                             src="https://img.youtube.com/vi/kNqha-SwfIY/1.jpg"
                             alt=" "Session 1: Scope of IDEA and AgriStack" in Exploring...">
                        <p class="CatArchaPPad">
                            <a href="https://im4change.in/video/Session-1- Scope-of-IDEA-and-AgriStack-in-Exploring-Digitalisation-in-Agriculture-29-April-2022"  target="_blank">
                                 "Session 1: Scope of IDEA and AgriStack" in Exploring...                            </a>
                        </p>
                    </div>
                                        <div class="CatArchaWidth">
                        <img class="CatArchaImg"
                             src="https://img.youtube.com/vi/6kIVjlgZItk/1.jpg"
                             alt=" "Session 2: Farmer Centric Digitalisation in Agriculture" in Exploring...">
                        <p class="CatArchaPPad">
                            <a href="https://im4change.in/video/Session-2-Farmer-Centric-Digitalisation-in-Agriculture-in-Exploring-Digitalisation-in-Agriculture-29-April-2022"  target="_blank">
                                 "Session 2: Farmer Centric Digitalisation in Agriculture" in Exploring...                            </a>
                        </p>
                    </div>
                                        <div class="CatArchaWidth">
                        <img class="CatArchaImg"
                             src="https://img.youtube.com/vi/2BeHTu0y7xc/1.jpg"
                             alt=" "Session 3: Future of Digitalisation in Agriculture" in Exploring...">
                        <p class="CatArchaPPad">
                            <a href="https://im4change.in/video/Session-3-Future-of-Digitalisation-in-Agriculture-in-Exploring-Digitalisation-in-Agriculture-29-April-2022"  target="_blank">
                                 "Session 3: Future of Digitalisation in Agriculture" in Exploring...                            </a>
                        </p>
                    </div>
                    


                <div class="divWidth">
                    <ul class="divWidthMarg">
                                                    <li>
                                <a href="https://im4change.in/video/Public-Spending-on-Agriculture-in-India-Source-Foundation-for-Agrarian-Studies"
                                   title="Public Spending on Agriculture in India (Source: Foundation for Agrarian Studies)"  target="_blank">
                                     Public Spending on Agriculture in India (Source: Foundation for...</a>
                            </li>
                                                        <li>
                                <a href="https://im4change.in/video/Agrarian-Change-Seminar-Protests-against-the-New-Farm-Laws-in-India-by-Prof-Vikas-Rawal-JNU-Source-Journal-Of-Agrarian-Change"
                                   title="Agrarian Change Seminar: 'Protests against the New Farm Laws in India' by Prof. Vikas Rawal, JNU (Source: Journal Of Agrarian Change) "  target="_blank">
                                     Agrarian Change Seminar: 'Protests against the New Farm Laws...</a>
                            </li>
                                                        <li>
                                <a href="https://im4change.in/video/Webinar-Ramrao-The-Story-of-India-Farm-Crisis-Source-Azim-Premji-University"
                                   title="Webinar: Ramrao - The Story of India's Farm Crisis (Source: Azim Premji University)"  target="_blank">
                                     Webinar: Ramrao - The Story of India's Farm Crisis...</a>
                            </li>
                                                        <li>
                                <a href="https://im4change.in/video/water-and-agricultural-transformation-in-India"
                                   title="Water and Agricultural Transformation in India: A Symbiotic Relationship (Source: IGIDR)"  target="_blank">
                                     Water and Agricultural Transformation in India: A Symbiotic Relationship...</a>
                            </li>
                                                    <li class="CatArchalLi1">
                            <a href="https://im4change.in/videogallery"
                               class="more-link CatArchalAnch1"  target="_blank">
                                More...
                            </a>
                        </li>
                    </ul>
                </div>
            </div>
        </div>
    </div>
</section>    </div>
    <div class="clear"></div>
    <!-- Footer option Starts here -->
    <div class="footer-bottom fade-in animated4">
        <div class="container">
            <div class="social-icons icon_flat">
                <p class="SocialMargTop"> Website Developed by <a target="_blank" title="Web Development"
                                                                  class="wot right"
                                                                  href="http://www.ravinderkhurana.com/" rel="nofollow">
                                                                  RAVINDErkHURANA.com</a></p>
            </div>
            <div class="alignleft">
                <a
     target="_blank" href="https://im4change.in/objectives-8.html"
    class="link"
    title="Objectives">Objectives</a> | <a
     target="_blank" href="https://im4change.in/about-us-9.html"
    class="link" title="About Us">About Us</a> | <a
     target="_blank" href="https://im4change.in/media-workshops.php"
    class="ucwords">Workshops</a> | <a
     target="_blank" href="https://im4change.in/disclaimer/disclaimer-149.html"
    title="Disclaimer">Disclaimer</a>            </div>
        </div>
    </div>
    <!-- Footer option ends here -->
</div>
<div id="connect">
    <a target="_blank"
       href="http://www.facebook.com/sharer.php?u=https://im4change.in/news-alerts-57/the-country-has-miles-to-go-in-reducing-maternal-deaths-4688477.html"
       title="Share on Facebook">
        <img src="https://im4change.in/images/Facebook.png?1582080640" alt="share on Facebook" class="ImgBorder"/>
    </a><br/>
    <a target="_blank"
       href="http://twitter.com/share?text=Im4change&amp;url=https://im4change.in/news-alerts-57/the-country-has-miles-to-go-in-reducing-maternal-deaths-4688477.html"
       title="Share on Twitter">
        <img src="https://im4change.in/images/twitter.png?1582080632" alt="Twitter" class="ImgBorder"/>    </a>
    <br/>
    <a href="/feeds" title="RSS Feed" target="_blank">
        <img src="https://im4change.in/images/rss.png?1582080632" alt="RSS" class="ImgBorder"/>
    </a>
    <br/>
    <a class="feedback-link" id="feedbackFormLink" href="#">
        <img src="https://im4change.in/images/feedback.png?1582080630" alt="Feedback" class="ImgBorder"/>
    </a> <br/>
    <a href="javascript:function iprl5(){var d=document,z=d.createElement('scr'+'ipt'),b=d.body,l=d.location;try{if(!b)throw(0);d.title='(Saving...) '+d.title;z.setAttribute('src',l.protocol+'//www.instapaper.com/j/WKrH3R7ORD5p?u='+encodeURIComponent(l.href)+'&amp;t='+(new Date().getTime()));b.appendChild(z);}catch(e){alert('Please wait until the page has loaded.');}}iprl5();void(0)"
       class="bookmarklet" onclick="return explain_bookmarklet();">
        <img src="https://im4change.in/images/read-it-later.png?1582080632" alt="Read Later" class="ImgBorder"/>    </a>
</div>
<!-- Feedback form Starts here -->
<div id="feedbackForm" class="overlay_form" class="ImgBorder">
    <h2>Contact Form</h2>
    <div id="contactform1">
        <div id="formleft">
            <form id="submitform" action="/contactus.php" method="post">
                <input type="hidden" name="submitform" value="submitform"/>
                <input type="hidden" name="salt_key" value="a0e0f2c6a0644a70e57ad2c96829709a"/>
                <input type="hidden" name="ref" value="feedback"/>
                <fieldset>
                    <label>Name :</label>
                    <input type="text" name="name" class="tbox" required/>
                </fieldset>
                <fieldset>
                    <label>Email :</label>
                    <input type="text" name="email" class="tbox" required/>
                </fieldset>
                <fieldset>
                    <label>Message :</label>
                    <textarea rows="5" cols="20" name="message" required></textarea>
                </fieldset>
                <fieldset>
                    Please enter security code
                    <div class="clear"></div>
                    <input type="text" name="vrcode" class="tbox"/>
                </fieldset>
                <fieldset>
                    <input type="submit" class="button" value="Submit"/>
                    &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; <a href="#" id="closefeedbakcformLink">Close</a>
                </fieldset>
            </form>
        </div>
        <div class="clearfix"></div>
    </div>
</div>
<div id="donate_popup" class="modal" style="max-width: 800px;">
    <table width="100%" border="1">
        <tr>
            <td colspan="2" align="center">
                <b>Support im4change</b>
            </td>
        </tr>
        <tr>
            <td width="25%" valign="middle">
                <img src="https://im4change.in/images/logo2.jpg?1582080632" alt="" width="100%"/>            </td>
            <td style="padding-left:10px;padding-top:10px;">
                <form action="https://im4change.in/donate" method="get">
                    <table width="100%" cellpadding="2" cellspacing="2">
                        <tr>
                            <td width="33%" style="font-family: 'Script Font', cursive, Arial;font-size: 20px;font-weight: 700;">
                                10
                            </td>
                            <td width="33%" style="font-family: 'Script Font', cursive, Arial;font-size: 20px;font-weight: 700;">
                                100
                            </td>
                            <td width="33%" style="font-family: 'Script Font', cursive, Arial;font-size: 20px;font-weight: 700;">
                                1000
                            </td>
                        </tr>
                        <tr>
                            <td colspan="3">
                                &nbsp;
                            </td>
                        </tr>
                        <tr>
                            <td  style="font-family: 'Script Font', cursive, Arial;font-size: 20px;font-weight: 700;">
                                50
                            </td>
                            <td  style="font-family: 'Script Font', cursive, Arial;font-size: 20px;font-weight: 700;">
                                500
                            </td>
                            <td  style="font-family: 'Script Font', cursive, Arial;font-size: 20px;font-weight: 700;">
                                <input type="text" name="price" placeholder="?" style="font-family: 'Script Font', cursive, Arial;font-size: 20px;font-weight: 700;">
                            </td>
                        </tr>
                        <tr>
                            <td colspan="3">
                                &nbsp;
                            </td>
                        </tr>
                        <tr>
                            <td colspan="3" align="right">
                                <input type="button" name="Pay" value="Pay"
                                       style="width: 200px;background-color: rgb(205, 35, 36);color: #ffffff;"/>
                            </td>
                        </tr>
                    </table>
                </form>
            </td>
        </tr>
    </table>
</div><script type='text/javascript'>

    /* <![CDATA[ */

    var tievar = {'go_to': 'Go to...'};

    /* ]]> */

</script>
<script src="/js/tie-scripts.js?1575549704"></script><script src="/js/bootstrap.js?1575549704"></script><script src="/js/jquery.modal.min.js?1578284310"></script><script>
    $(document).ready(function() {
        // tell the autocomplete function to get its data from our php script
        $('#s').autocomplete({
            source: "/autocomplete"
        });
    });
</script>
<script src="/vj-main-sw-register.js" async></script>

<script>function init(){var imgDefer=document.getElementsByTagName('img');for(var i=0;i<imgDefer.length;i++){if(imgDefer[i].getAttribute('data-src')){imgDefer[i].setAttribute('src',imgDefer[i].getAttribute('data-src'))}}}
window.onload=init;</script>
</body>
</html>'

}
$maxBufferLength = (int) 8192
$file = '/home/brlfuser/public_html/vendor/cakephp/cakephp/src/Error/Debugger.php'
$line = (int) 853
$message = 'Unable to emit headers. Headers sent in file=/home/brlfuser/public_html/vendor/cakephp/cakephp/src/Error/Debugger.php line=853'
Cake\Http\ResponseEmitter::emit() - CORE/src/Http/ResponseEmitter.php, line 48
Cake\Http\Server::emit() - CORE/src/Http/Server.php, line 141
[main] - ROOT/webroot/index.php, line 39

Warning (2): Cannot modify header information - headers already sent by (output started at /home/brlfuser/public_html/vendor/cakephp/cakephp/src/Error/Debugger.php:853) [CORE/src/Http/ResponseEmitter.php, line 148]
Code Context
            $response->getStatusCode(),

            ($reasonPhrase ? ' ' . $reasonPhrase : '')

        ));
$response = object(Cake\Http\Response) {

	'status' => (int) 200,
	'contentType' => 'text/html',
	'headers' => [
		'Content-Type' => [
			[maximum depth reached]
		]
	],
	'file' => null,
	'fileRange' => [],
	'cookies' => object(Cake\Http\Cookie\CookieCollection) {},
	'cacheDirectives' => [],
	'body' => '<!DOCTYPE html>
<!--[if lt IE 7 ]>
<html class="ie ie6" lang='en'> <![endif]-->
<!--[if IE 7 ]>
<html class="ie ie7" lang='en'> <![endif]-->
<!--[if IE 8 ]>
<html class="ie ie8" lang='en'> <![endif]-->
<!--[if (gte IE 9)|!(IE)]><!-->
<html lang='en'>
<!--<![endif]-->
<head><meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=utf-8">
    
    <title>
        NEWS ALERTS | The country has miles to go in reducing maternal deaths    </title>
    <meta name="description" content="&nbsp;

A high maternal mortality ratio (MMRatio) indicates low status of women in the society apart from poor functioning of the health services delivery system. Recently released data by the Sample Registration System (SRS) bulletin indicates that for the country as..."/>
    <meta name="keywords" content="maternal deaths,maternal mortality,maternal mortality rate,maternal mortality ratio"/>
    <meta name="news_keywords" content="maternal deaths,maternal mortality,maternal mortality rate,maternal mortality ratio">
   
    <link rel="alternate" type="application/rss+xml" title="ROR" href="/ror.xml"/>
    <link rel="alternate" type="application/rss+xml" title="RSS 2.0" href="/feeds/"/>
    <link rel="stylesheet" href="/css/bootstrap.min.css?1697864993"/>    <link rel="stylesheet" href="/css/style.css?v=1.1.2"/>    <link rel="stylesheet" href="/css/style-inner.css?1577045210"/>    <link rel="stylesheet" id="Oswald-css"
          href="https://fonts.googleapis.com/css?family=Oswald%3Aregular%2C700&amp;ver=3.8.1" type="text/css"
          media="all">
    <link rel="stylesheet" href="/css/jquery.modal.min.css?1578285302"/>    <script src="/js/jquery-1.10.2.js?1575549704"></script>    <script src="/js/jquery-migrate.min.js?1575549704"></script>    <link rel="shortcut icon" href="/favicon.ico" title="Favicon">
    <link rel="stylesheet" href="/css/jquery-ui.css?1580720609"/>    <script src="/js/jquery-ui.js?1575549704"></script>    <link rel="preload" as="style" href="https://www.im4change.org/css/custom.css" onload="this.rel='stylesheet'" media="all" crossorigin="anonymous">
<link rel="preload" as="style" href="https://www.im4change.org/css/jquery.modal.min.css" onload="this.rel='stylesheet'" media="all" crossorigin="anonymous">
<link rel="preload" as="style" href="https://www.im4change.org/css/jquery-ui.css" onload="this.rel='stylesheet'" media="all" crossorigin="anonymous">
<link rel="preload" as="style" href="https://www.im4change.org/css/li-scroller.css" onload="this.rel='stylesheet'" media="all" crossorigin="anonymous">
<!-- <link rel="preload" as="style" href="https://www.im4change.org/css/style.css" onload="this.rel='stylesheet'" media="all" crossorigin="anonymous"> -->
<link rel="preload" as="style" href="https://www.im4change.org/css/style-inner.css" onload="this.rel='stylesheet'" media="all" crossorigin="anonymous">

<link rel='dns-prefetch' href="//im4change.org/css/custom.css" crossorigin >

<link rel="preload" as="script" href="https://www.im4change.org/js/bootstrap.js">
<link rel="preload" as="script" href="https://www.im4change.org/js/jquery.li-scroller.1.0.js">
<link rel="preload" as="script" href="https://www.im4change.org/js/jquery.modal.min.js">
<link rel="preload" as="script" href="https://www.im4change.org/js/jquery.ui.totop.js">
<link rel="preload" as="script" href="https://www.im4change.org/js/jquery-1.10.2.js">
<link rel="preload" as="script" href="https://www.im4change.org/js/jquery-migrate.min.js">
<link rel="preload" as="script" href="https://www.im4change.org/js/jquery-ui.js">
<link rel="preload" as="script" href="https://www.im4change.org/js/setting.js">
<link rel="preload" as="script" href="https://www.im4change.org/js/tie-scripts.js">
    <!--[if IE]>
    <script type="text/javascript">jQuery(document).ready(function () {
        jQuery(".menu-item").has("ul").children("a").attr("aria-haspopup", "true");
    });</script>
    <![endif]-->
    <!--[if lt IE 9]>
    <script src="/js/html5.js"></script>
    <script src="/js/selectivizr-min.js"></script>
    <![endif]-->
    <!--[if IE 8]>
    <link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" media="all" href="/css/ie8.css"/>
    <![endif]-->
    <meta property="og:title" content="NEWS ALERTS | The country has miles to go in reducing maternal deaths" />
     <meta property="og:url" content="https://im4change.in/news-alerts-57/the-country-has-miles-to-go-in-reducing-maternal-deaths-4688477.html" />
     <meta property="og:type" content="article" />
     <meta property="og:description" content="&nbsp;

A high maternal mortality ratio (MMRatio) indicates low status of women in the society apart from poor functioning of the health services delivery system. Recently released data by the Sample Registration System (SRS) bulletin indicates that for the country as..." />
     <meta property="og:image" content="" />
      <meta property="fb:app_id" content="0" />
    <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1, maximum-scale=1, user-scalable=no">

       <link rel="apple-touch-icon-precomposed" sizes="144x144" href="https://im4change.in/images/apple1.png">
    <link rel="apple-touch-icon-precomposed" sizes="120x120" href="https://im4change.in/images/apple2.png">
    <link rel="apple-touch-icon-precomposed" sizes="72x72" href="https://im4change.in/images/apple3.png">
    <link rel="apple-touch-icon-precomposed" href="https://im4change.in/images/apple4.png">

    <style>
    .gsc-results-wrapper-overlay{
        top: 38% !important;
        height: 50% !important;
    }
    .gsc-search-button-v2{
        border-color: #035588 !important;
        background-color: #035588 !important;
    }

   .gsib_a{
        height: 30px !important;
          padding: 2px 8px 1px 6px !important;
    }

   
    .gsc-search-button-v2{
        height: 41px !important;
    }
    input.gsc-input{
        background: none !important;
    }
    @media only screen and (max-width: 600px) {
        .gsc-results-wrapper-overlay{
            top: 11% !important;
            width: 87% !important;
            left: 9% !important;
            height: 43% !important;
        }

        .gsc-search-button-v2{
            padding: 10px 10px !important;
        
        }
        .gsc-input-box{
            height: 28px !important;
        }
       /* .gsib_a {
            padding: 0px 9px 4px 9px !important;
        }*/
    }
    @media only screen and (min-width: 1200px) and (max-width: 1920px) {
        table.gsc-search-box{
            width: 15% !important;
            float: right !important;
            margin-top: -118px !important;
        }

        .gsc-search-button-v2 {
            
            padding: 6px !important;
           
        }
    }


</style>

    <script>
        $(function () {
            $("#accordion").accordion({
                event: "click hoverintent"
            });
        });

        /*
         * hoverIntent | Copyright 2011 Brian Cherne
         * http://cherne.net/brian/resources/jquery.hoverIntent.html
         * modified by the jQuery UI team
         */
        $.event.special.hoverintent = {
            setup: function () {
                $(this).bind("mouseover", jQuery.event.special.hoverintent.handler);
            },
            teardown: function () {
                $(this).unbind("mouseover", jQuery.event.special.hoverintent.handler);
            },
            handler: function (event) {
                var currentX, currentY, timeout,
                    args = arguments,
                    target = $(event.target),
                    previousX = event.pageX,
                    previousY = event.pageY;

                function track(event) {
                    currentX = event.pageX;
                    currentY = event.pageY;
                }
                ;

                function clear() {
                    target
                        .unbind("mousemove", track)
                        .unbind("mouseout", clear);
                    clearTimeout(timeout);
                }

                function handler() {
                    var prop,
                        orig = event;
                    if ((Math.abs(previousX - currentX) +
                        Math.abs(previousY - currentY)) < 7) {
                        clear();
                        event = $.Event("hoverintent");
                        for (prop in orig) {
                            if (!(prop in event)) {
                                event[prop] = orig[prop];
                            }
                        }
                        // Prevent accessing the original event since the new event
                        // is fired asynchronously and the old event is no longer
                        // usable (#6028)
                        delete event.originalEvent;
                        target.trigger(event);
                    } else {
                        previousX = currentX;
                        previousY = currentY;
                        timeout = setTimeout(handler, 100);
                    }
                }

                timeout = setTimeout(handler, 100);
                target.bind({
                    mousemove: track,
                    mouseout: clear
                });
            }
        };
    </script>
    <script type="text/javascript">
        var _gaq = _gaq || [];
        _gaq.push(['_setAccount', 'UA-472075-3']);
        _gaq.push(['_trackPageview']);

        (function () {
            var ga = document.createElement('script');
            ga.type = 'text/javascript';
            ga.async = true;
            ga.src = ('https:' == document.location.protocol ? 'https://ssl' : 'http://www') + '.google-analytics.com/ga.js';
            var s = document.getElementsByTagName('script')[0];
            s.parentNode.insertBefore(ga, s);
        })();
    </script>
    <link rel="stylesheet" href="/css/custom.css?v=1.16"/>    <script src="/js/jquery.ui.totop.js?1575549704"></script>    <script src="/js/setting.js?1575549704"></script>    <link rel="manifest" href="/manifest.json">
    <meta name="theme-color" content="#616163" />
    <meta name="apple-mobile-web-app-capable" content="yes">
    <meta name="apple-mobile-web-app-status-bar-style" content="black">
    <meta name="apple-mobile-web-app-title" content="im4change">
    <link rel="apple-touch-icon" href="/icons/logo-192x192.png">
</head>
<body id="top" class="home inner blog">
<div class="background-cover"></div>
<div class="wrapper animated">
    <header id="theme-header" class="header_inner" style="position: relative;">
        <div class="logo inner_logo" style="left:20px !important">
                <a title="Home" href="https://im4change.in/">
                    <img src="https://im4change.in/images/logo2.jpg?1582080632" class="logo_image" alt="im4change"/>                </a>
        </div>
        <div class="langhindi" style="color: #000;display:none;"
             href="https://im4change.in/">
            <a class="more-link" href="https://im4change.in/">Home</a>
                        <a href="https://im4change.in/hindi/" class="langbutton ">हिन्दी</a>
                    </div>
        <nav class="fade-in animated2" id="main-nav">
            <div class="container">
                <div class="main-menu">
    <ul class="menu" id="menu-main">
        <li class="menu-item  menu-item-type-custom  menu-item-object-custom  menu-item-has-children"
            style="left: -40px;"><a
                 target="_blank" href="https://im4change.in/">Home</a>
        </li>
        <li class="menu-item mega-menu menu-item-type-taxonomy mega-menu menu-item-object-category mega-menu menu-item-has-children parent-list"
            style=" margin-left: -40px;"><a href="#">KNOWLEDGE GATEWAY <span class="sub-indicator"></span>
            </a>
            <div class="mega-menu-block background_menu" style="padding-top:25px;">
                <div class="container">
                    <div class="mega-menu-content">
                                                                   <div class="mega-menu-item">
                                                 <h3><b>Farm Crisis</b></h3>
                                                                                                    <p style="padding-left:5px;">
                                                    <a  target="_blank" href="https://im4change.in/farm-crisis/farmers039-suicides-14.html"
                                                       class="left postionrel">Farm Suicides                                                       </a>
                                                </p>
                                                                                                        <p style="padding-left:5px;">
                                                    <a  target="_blank" href="https://im4change.in/farm-crisis/unemployment-30.html"
                                                       class="left postionrel">Unemployment                                                       </a>
                                                </p>
                                                                                                        <p style="padding-left:5px;">
                                                    <a  target="_blank" href="https://im4change.in/farm-crisis/rural-distress-70.html"
                                                       class="left postionrel">Rural distress                                                       </a>
                                                </p>
                                                                                                        <p style="padding-left:5px;">
                                                    <a  target="_blank" href="https://im4change.in/farm-crisis/migration-34.html"
                                                       class="left postionrel">Migration                                                       </a>
                                                </p>
                                                                                                        <p style="padding-left:5px;">
                                                    <a  target="_blank" href="https://im4change.in/farm-crisis/key-facts-72.html"
                                                       class="left postionrel">Key Facts                                                       </a>
                                                </p>
                                                                                                        <p style="padding-left:5px;">
                                                    <a  target="_blank" href="https://im4change.in/farm-crisis/debt-trap-15.html"
                                                       class="left postionrel">Debt Trap                                                       </a>
                                                </p>
                                                                                                
                                              </div> 
                                            
                                                                                        <div class="mega-menu-item">
                                                 <h3><b>Empowerment</b></h3>
                                                                                                    <p style="padding-left:5px;">
                                                    <a  target="_blank" href="https://im4change.in/empowerment/union-budget-73.html"
                                                       class="left postionrel">Union Budget And Other Economic Policies                                                       </a>
                                                </p>
                                                                                                        <p style="padding-left:5px;">
                                                    <a  target="_blank" href="https://im4change.in/empowerment/forest-and-tribal-rights-61.html"
                                                       class="left postionrel">Forest and Tribal Rights                                                       </a>
                                                </p>
                                                                                                        <p style="padding-left:5px;">
                                                    <a  target="_blank" href="https://im4change.in/empowerment/right-to-education-60.html"
                                                       class="left postionrel">Right to Education                                                       </a>
                                                </p>
                                                                                                        <p style="padding-left:5px;">
                                                    <a  target="_blank" href="https://im4change.in/empowerment/right-to-food-59.html"
                                                       class="left postionrel">Right to Food                                                       </a>
                                                </p>
                                                                                                        <p style="padding-left:5px;">
                                                    <a  target="_blank" href="https://im4change.in/empowerment/displacement-3279.html"
                                                       class="left postionrel">Displacement                                                       </a>
                                                </p>
                                                                                                        <p style="padding-left:5px;">
                                                    <a  target="_blank" href="https://im4change.in/empowerment/right-to-work-mg-nrega-39.html"
                                                       class="left postionrel">Right to Work (MG-NREGA)                                                       </a>
                                                </p>
                                                                                                        <p style="padding-left:5px;">
                                                    <a  target="_blank" href="https://im4change.in/empowerment/gender-3280.html"
                                                       class="left postionrel">GENDER                                                       </a>
                                                </p>
                                                                                                        <p style="padding-left:5px;">
                                                    <a  target="_blank" href="https://im4change.in/empowerment/right-to-information-58.html"
                                                       class="left postionrel">Right to Information                                                       </a>
                                                </p>
                                                                                                        <p style="padding-left:5px;">
                                                    <a  target="_blank" href="https://im4change.in/empowerment/social-audit-48.html"
                                                       class="left postionrel">Social Audit                                                       </a>
                                                </p>
                                                                                                
                                              </div> 
                                            
                                                                                        <div class="mega-menu-item">
                                                 <h3><b>Hunger / HDI</b></h3>
                                                                                                    <p style="padding-left:5px;">
                                                    <a  target="_blank" href="https://im4change.in/hunger-hdi/poverty-and-inequality-20499.html"
                                                       class="left postionrel">Poverty and inequality                                                       </a>
                                                </p>
                                                                                                        <p style="padding-left:5px;">
                                                    <a  target="_blank" href="https://im4change.in/hunger-hdi/malnutrition-41.html"
                                                       class="left postionrel">Malnutrition                                                       </a>
                                                </p>
                                                                                                        <p style="padding-left:5px;">
                                                    <a  target="_blank" href="https://im4change.in/hunger-hdi/public-health-51.html"
                                                       class="left postionrel">Public Health                                                       </a>
                                                </p>
                                                                                                        <p style="padding-left:5px;">
                                                    <a  target="_blank" href="https://im4change.in/hunger-hdi/education-50.html"
                                                       class="left postionrel">Education                                                       </a>
                                                </p>
                                                                                                        <p style="padding-left:5px;">
                                                    <a  target="_blank" href="https://im4change.in/hunger-hdi/hunger-overview-40.html"
                                                       class="left postionrel">Hunger Overview                                                       </a>
                                                </p>
                                                                                                        <p style="padding-left:5px;">
                                                    <a  target="_blank" href="https://im4change.in/hunger-hdi/hdi-overview-45.html"
                                                       class="left postionrel">HDI Overview                                                       </a>
                                                </p>
                                                                                                        <p style="padding-left:5px;">
                                                    <a  target="_blank" href="https://im4change.in/hunger-hdi/pds-ration-food-security-42.html"
                                                       class="left postionrel">PDS/ Ration/ Food Security                                                       </a>
                                                </p>
                                                                                                        <p style="padding-left:5px;">
                                                    <a  target="_blank" href="https://im4change.in/hunger-hdi/sdgs-113.html"
                                                       class="left postionrel">SDGs                                                       </a>
                                                </p>
                                                                                                        <p style="padding-left:5px;">
                                                    <a  target="_blank" href="https://im4change.in/hunger-hdi/mid-day-meal-scheme-mdms-53.html"
                                                       class="left postionrel">Mid Day Meal Scheme (MDMS)                                                       </a>
                                                </p>
                                                                                                
                                              </div> 
                                            
                                                                                        <div class="mega-menu-item">
                                                 <h3><b>Environment</b></h3>
                                                                                                    <p style="padding-left:5px;">
                                                    <a  target="_blank" href="https://im4change.in/environment/time-bomb-ticking-52.html"
                                                       class="left postionrel">Time Bomb Ticking                                                       </a>
                                                </p>
                                                                                                        <p style="padding-left:5px;">
                                                    <a  target="_blank" href="https://im4change.in/environment/water-and-sanitation-55.html"
                                                       class="left postionrel">Water and Sanitation                                                       </a>
                                                </p>
                                                                                                        <p style="padding-left:5px;">
                                                    <a  target="_blank" href="https://im4change.in/environment/impact-on-agriculture-54.html"
                                                       class="left postionrel">Impact on Agriculture                                                       </a>
                                                </p>
                                                                                                
                                              </div> 
                                            
                                                                                        <div class="mega-menu-item">
                                                 <h3><b>Law & Justice</b></h3>
                                                                                                    <p style="padding-left:5px;">
                                                    <a  target="_blank" href="https://im4change.in/law-justice/social-justice-20500.html"
                                                       class="left postionrel">Social Justice                                                       </a>
                                                </p>
                                                                                                        <p style="padding-left:5px;">
                                                    <a  target="_blank" href="https://im4change.in/law-justice/access-to-justice-47.html"
                                                       class="left postionrel">Access to Justice                                                       </a>
                                                </p>
                                                                                                        <p style="padding-left:5px;">
                                                    <a  target="_blank" href="https://im4change.in/law-justice/human-rights-56.html"
                                                       class="left postionrel">Human Rights                                                       </a>
                                                </p>
                                                                                                        <p style="padding-left:5px;">
                                                    <a  target="_blank" href="https://im4change.in/law-justice/corruption-35.html"
                                                       class="left postionrel">Corruption                                                       </a>
                                                </p>
                                                                                                        <p style="padding-left:5px;">
                                                    <a  target="_blank" href="https://im4change.in/law-justice/general-insecurity-46.html"
                                                       class="left postionrel">General Insecurity                                                       </a>
                                                </p>
                                                                                                        <p style="padding-left:5px;">
                                                    <a  target="_blank" href="https://im4change.in/law-justice/disaster-relief-49.html"
                                                       class="left postionrel">Disaster &amp; Relief                                                       </a>
                                                </p>
                                                                                                
                                              </div> 
                                            
                                                                                        
                    </div>
                </div>
            </div>
        </li>
        <li class="menu-item  menu-item-type-post_type  menu-item-object-page "><a  target="_blank" href="https://im4change.in/nceus_reports.php">NCEUS reports</a>
            
        </li>
        <li class="menu-item  menu-item-type-custom  menu-item-object-custom  menu-item-has-children parent-list ">
            <a  target="_blank" href="https://im4change.in/about-us-9.html">About Us <span
                    class="sub-indicator"></span></a>
            <ul class="sub-menu aboutmenu">
                <li class="menu-item  menu-item-type-post_type  menu-item-object-page"><a
                        target="_blank" href="https://im4change.in/objectives-8.html">Objectives</a>
                </li>
                <li class="menu-item  menu-item-type-post_type  menu-item-object-page"><a
                         target="_blank" href="https://im4change.in/contactus.php">Contact
                        Us</a></li>
                <li class="menu-item  menu-item-type-post_type  menu-item-object-page"><a
                         target="_blank" href="https://im4change.in/about-us-9.html">About
                        Us</a></li>
            </ul>
        </li>
        <li class="menu-item  menu-item-type-custom  menu-item-object-custom  menu-item-has-children ">
            <a  target="_blank" href="https://im4change.in/fellowships.php" title="Fellowships">Fellowships</a>
        </li>
        <li class="menu-item  menu-item-type-custom  menu-item-object-custom  menu-item-has-children  "><a
                 target="_blank" href="https://im4change.in/media-workshops.php">Workshops</a>
        </li>
        <li class="menu-item  menu-item-type-custom  menu-item-object-custom  menu-item-has-children  "><a
                 target="_blank" href="https://im4change.in/research.php">Research</a></li>
        <li class="menu-item  menu-item-type-custom  menu-item-object-custom  menu-item-has-children   "><a
                 target="_blank" href="https://im4change.in/links-64">Partners</a></li>
        <li class="menu-item  menu-item-type-custom  menu-item-object-custom  menu-item-has-children"
            id="menu-item-539"><a  target="_blank" href="https://im4change.in/hindi/"
                                  class="langbutton langlinkfont17">हिन्दी</a></li>
    </ul>
</div>            </div>


                        <!--  <div style="float: right;">
                            <script async src="https://cse.google.com/cse.js?cx=18b4f2e0f11bed3dd"></script>
                            <div class="gcse-search"></div>
                        </div> -->
                       
            <div class="search-block" style=" margin-left: 8px; margin-right: 7px;">
                <form method="get" id="searchform" name="searchform"
                      action="https://im4change.in/search"
                      onsubmit="return searchvalidate();">
                    <button class="search-button" type="submit" value="Search"></button>
                    <input type="text" id="s" name="qryStr" value=""
                           onfocus="if (this.value == 'Search...') {this.value = '';}"
                           onblur="if (this.value == '') {this.value = 'Search...';}">
                </form>
            </div>
        </nav>
    </header>
    <div class="container">
        <div id="main-content" class=" main1 container fade-in animated3 sidebar-narrow-left">
            <div class="content-wrap">
                <div class="content" style="width: 900px;min-height: 500px;">
                        <div class="background_inner innBack" align="center">
        <img src="https://im4change.in/images/media/im4change_37Image_MMRatio.jpg"
             alt="The country has miles to go in reducing maternal deaths"
             class="box_shadow mt5 imgRes" style="max-width:500px;"/>
    </div>
    <section class="cat-box recent-box innerCatRecent">
    <h1 class="cat-box-title">The country has miles to go in reducing maternal deaths</h1>
    <a href="JavaScript:void(0);" onclick="return shareArticle(40344);">
        <img src="https://im4change.in/images/email.png?1582080630" border="0" width="24" align="right" alt="Share this article"/>    </a>

    <a href="https://im4change.in/news-alerts-57/the-country-has-miles-to-go-in-reducing-maternal-deaths-4688477/print"
       rel="nofollow">
        <img src="https://im4change.in/images/icon-print.png?1582080630" border="0" width="24" align="right" alt="Share this article"/>
    </a>
</section>
<section class="recent-box innerCatRecent">
    <small class="pb-1"><span class="dateIcn">
    	<img src="https://im4change.in/images/published.svg?1582080666" alt="published"/> 
		 Published on</span><span class="text-date"> Nov 20, 2019</span>
        &nbsp; <span
                class="dateIcn">
		 	<img src="https://im4change.in/images/modified.svg?1582080666" alt="modified"/>    	 Modified on </span><span class="text-date"> May 14, 2021</span>
    </small>
</section>
<div class="clear"></div>
<div style="padding-top: 10px;">
    <div class="innerLineHeight">
        <div class="middleContent innerInput news-alerts-57">
            <table>
                <tr>
                    <td>
                                                <div>
                            <p style="text-align:justify">&nbsp;</p><div style="text-align:justify">A high maternal mortality ratio (MMRatio) indicates low status of women in the society apart from poor functioning of the health services delivery system. Recently <a href="https://im4change.in/siteadmin/tinymce/uploaded/MMR_Bulletin%202015-17.pdf" title="https://im4change.in/siteadmin/tinymce/uploaded/MMR_Bulletin%202015-17.pdf">released data by the Sample Registration System (SRS) bulletin</a> indicates that for the country as a whole the MMRatio has steadily declined from 398.0 in 1997-98 to 122.0 in 2015-17, which is <a href="https://im4change.in/siteadmin/tinymce/uploaded/MMRatio%20decline_1.jpg" title="https://im4change.in/siteadmin/tinymce/uploaded/MMRatio%20decline_1.jpg">a fall by -69.3 percent</a>.<br /><br /><span style="background-color:#ffff00">Table-1 shows that India&#39;s MMRatio was 398.0 in 1997-98, 327.0 in 1999-01, 301.0 in 2001-03, 254.0 in 2004-06, 212.0 in 2007-09, 178.0 in 2010-12, 167.0 in 2011-13, 130.0 in 2014-16 and 122.0 in 2015-17.</span> The <a href="https://bit.ly/2MmfuuK" title="https://bit.ly/2MmfuuK">United Nations&#39; Sustainable Development Goals</a> (SDGs), however, require the country to bring down its <a href="https://im4change.in/siteadmin/tinymce/uploaded/SDGs_4.jpg" title="MMRatio SDGs" title="https://im4change.in/siteadmin/tinymce/uploaded/SDGs_4.jpg" title="MMRatio SDGs">MMRatio to 70 maternal deaths per lakh live births</a> by the year 2030.<br /><br /><span style="background-color:#ffff00">During 2015-17, the lowest MMRatio was found in Kerala (42.0), followed by Maharashtra (55.0) and Tamil Nadu (63.0). Assam (229.0) had the highest MMRatio, followed by Uttar Pradesh (216.0) and Madhya Pradesh (188.0).</span><br /><br />Although India&#39;s MMRatio <a href="https://im4change.in/siteadmin/tinymce/uploaded/MMRatio%20decline_1.jpg" title="MMRatio decline_1" title="https://im4change.in/siteadmin/tinymce/uploaded/MMRatio%20decline_1.jpg" title="MMRatio decline_1">has declined by -6.2 percent</a> between 2014-16 and 2015-17, it went down by <a href="https://im4change.in/siteadmin/tinymce/uploaded/MMRatio%20decline_1.jpg" title="https://im4change.in/siteadmin/tinymce/uploaded/MMRatio%20decline_1.jpg">-22.2 percent between 2011-13 and 2014-16</a> <em>(viz. a fall by -7.4 percent a year on average)</em>. Please consult table-1.<br /><br />It may be noted that since 1997-98 the government was clubbing together the MMRatio data for Bihar and Jharkhand as well as Madhya Pradesh and Chhattisgarh. It was even combining the data for Uttar Pradesh and Uttaranchal/ Uttarakhand. However, the MMRatio data for these states has been provided on an individual basis in 2015-17. Therefore, it is not possible to compare the current version of the data with previous years and present the trends in MMRatio for these states.<br /><br />Table-1 indicates that Kerala witnessed <a href="https://im4change.in/siteadmin/tinymce/uploaded/MMRatio%20decline_1.jpg" title="https://im4change.in/siteadmin/tinymce/uploaded/MMRatio%20decline_1.jpg">a fall in MMRatio by -72.0 percent</a> between 1997-98 and 2015-17. <a href="https://im4change.org/latest-news-updates/kerala039s-maternal-mortality-rate-drops-to-46-govt-aims-30-by-2020-vishnu-varma-4684853.html" title="https://im4change.org/latest-news-updates/kerala039s-maternal-mortality-rate-drops-to-46-govt-aims-30-by-2020-vishnu-varma-4684853.html">Experts</a> think that the state&#39;s better health infrastructure, improvement in delivery care facilities <em>(including hospital deliveries) </em>and betterment of nutritional level among pregnant women may have contributed towards Kerala&#39;s low MMRatio over the years vis-&agrave;-vis other states.</div><div style="text-align:justify">&nbsp;</div><div style="text-align:justify">MMRatio for West Bengal came down from 303.0 to 94.0 between 1997-98 and 2015-17 viz. <a href="https://im4change.in/siteadmin/tinymce/uploaded/MMRatio%20decline_1.jpg" title="https://im4change.in/siteadmin/tinymce/uploaded/MMRatio%20decline_1.jpg">a fall by -69.0 percent</a>. Kindly see table-1.<br /><br /><strong>Table 1: Maternal Mortality Ratio, India and Bigger States, 1997-1998 to 2015-17</strong><br /><br /><img alt="Table 1 Maternal Mortality Ratio, India and Bigger State 1997-1998 to 2015-17" src="https://im4change.in/siteadmin/tinymce/uploaded/Table%201%20Maternal%20Mortality%20Ratio,%20India%20and%20Bigger%20State%201997-1998%20to%202015-17.jpg" style="height:662px; width:842px" /><br /><em><strong>Source:</strong> Sample Registration System, Office of the Registrar General &amp; Census Commissioner, India, please <a href="http://www.censusindia.gov.in/2011-Common/Sample_Registration_System.html" title="http://www.censusindia.gov.in/2011-Common/Sample_Registration_System.html">click here</a> to access&nbsp; </em><br />---<br /><br /><span style="background-color:#ffff00"><a href="https://im4change.in/siteadmin/tinymce/uploaded/MMR_2010-12-Report_Pres_19.12.2013_2.ppt" title="https://im4change.in/siteadmin/tinymce/uploaded/MMR_2010-12-Report_Pres_19.12.2013_2.ppt">According to the SRS</a>, the MMRatio refers to the number of women who die as a result of complications of pregnancy or childbearing in a given year per 100,000 live births in that year.</span><br />&nbsp;</div><div style="text-align:justify">From the table-1, it is observed that almost for all the years, altogether the southern states <em>(viz. Andhra Pradesh, Telangana, Karnataka, Kerala and Tamil Nadu)</em> have exhibited a lower MMRatio vis-&agrave;-vis the 8 Empowered Action Group (EAG) states <em>(viz. Bihar, Jharkhand, Uttar Pradesh, Uttarakhand, Madhya Pradesh, Chhattisgarh, Orissa and Rajasthan)</em> and also Assam.<br /><br />The decline in MMRatio has been most significant in EAG states and Assam from 188 to 175 between 2014-16 and 2015-17 <em>(viz. <a href="https://im4change.in/siteadmin/tinymce/uploaded/MMRatio%20decline_1.jpg" title="https://im4change.in/siteadmin/tinymce/uploaded/MMRatio%20decline_1.jpg">by -6.9 percent</a>)</em>. Among the southern states, the fall between these two time points has been from 77 to 72 <em>(viz. by <a href="https://im4change.in/siteadmin/tinymce/uploaded/MMRatio%20decline_1.jpg" title="https://im4change.in/siteadmin/tinymce/uploaded/MMRatio%20decline_1.jpg">-6.5 percent</a>)</em> and in the &#39;Other sub-total&#39; from 93 to 90 <em>(viz. <a href="https://im4change.in/siteadmin/tinymce/uploaded/MMRatio%20decline_1.jpg" title="https://im4change.in/siteadmin/tinymce/uploaded/MMRatio%20decline_1.jpg">by -3.2 percent</a>)</em>.<br /><br />It could be further seen that from 1999-2001 onwards among the group sub-totals, the MMRatio was the highest for &lsquo;EAG and Assam sub-total&rsquo;, followed by &lsquo;Other sub-total&rsquo; <em>(comprising the states of Gujarat, Haryana, Maharashtra, Punjab, West Bengal and other states)</em> and &#39;South sub-total&#39;.<br /><br />An international report entitled <em><a href="https://im4change.org/empowerment/gender-3280.html?pgno=2#trends-in-maternal-mortality-2000-to-2017-estimates-by-who-unicef-world-bank-groups-and-the-united-nations-population-division-released-in-september-2019" title="https://im4change.org/empowerment/gender-3280.html?pgno=2#trends-in-maternal-mortality-2000-to-2017-estimates-by-who-unicef-world-bank-groups-and-the-united-nations-population-division-released-in-september-2019">Trends in Maternal Mortality 2000 to 2017</a>: Estimates by WHO, UNICEF, UNFPA, World Bank Group and the United Nations Population Division</em>, published recently, finds that Nigeria and India had the highest estimated numbers of maternal deaths, accounting for approximately one-third <em>(35 percent)</em> of estimated global maternal deaths in 2017, with approximately 67,000 and 35,000 maternal deaths <em>(23 percent and 12 percent of global maternal deaths)</em>, respectively. That report also shows that <a href="https://lnkd.in/fNTF8SH" title="https://lnkd.in/fNTF8SH">MMRatio for the country (modelled estimate)</a> was <a href="https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/SH.STA.MMRT?locations=IN-BD-CN-8S&amp;fbclid=IwAR3VOsjL1HO25zn7NBsENDJHR_N5vCiiLP2Kb7vIEczjCRsj-VStl-J8EiY" title="https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/SH.STA.MMRT?locations=IN-BD-CN-8S&amp;fbclid=IwAR3VOsjL1HO25zn7NBsENDJHR_N5vCiiLP2Kb7vIEczjCRsj-VStl-J8EiY">370 in 2000</a>, <a href="https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/SH.STA.MMRT?locations=IN-BD-CN-8S&amp;fbclid=IwAR3VOsjL1HO25zn7NBsENDJHR_N5vCiiLP2Kb7vIEczjCRsj-VStl-J8EiY" title="https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/SH.STA.MMRT?locations=IN-BD-CN-8S&amp;fbclid=IwAR3VOsjL1HO25zn7NBsENDJHR_N5vCiiLP2Kb7vIEczjCRsj-VStl-J8EiY">286 in 2005</a>, <a href="https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/SH.STA.MMRT?locations=IN-BD-CN-8S&amp;fbclid=IwAR3VOsjL1HO25zn7NBsENDJHR_N5vCiiLP2Kb7vIEczjCRsj-VStl-J8EiY" title="https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/SH.STA.MMRT?locations=IN-BD-CN-8S&amp;fbclid=IwAR3VOsjL1HO25zn7NBsENDJHR_N5vCiiLP2Kb7vIEczjCRsj-VStl-J8EiY">210 in 2010</a>, <a href="https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/SH.STA.MMRT?locations=IN-BD-CN-8S&amp;fbclid=IwAR3VOsjL1HO25zn7NBsENDJHR_N5vCiiLP2Kb7vIEczjCRsj-VStl-J8EiY" title="https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/SH.STA.MMRT?locations=IN-BD-CN-8S&amp;fbclid=IwAR3VOsjL1HO25zn7NBsENDJHR_N5vCiiLP2Kb7vIEczjCRsj-VStl-J8EiY">158 in 2015</a> and <a href="https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/SH.STA.MMRT?locations=IN-BD-CN-8S&amp;fbclid=IwAR3VOsjL1HO25zn7NBsENDJHR_N5vCiiLP2Kb7vIEczjCRsj-VStl-J8EiY" title="https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/SH.STA.MMRT?locations=IN-BD-CN-8S&amp;fbclid=IwAR3VOsjL1HO25zn7NBsENDJHR_N5vCiiLP2Kb7vIEczjCRsj-VStl-J8EiY">145 in 2017</a>.<br /><br />Readers may note that the SRS is the largest demographic sample survey in the country, which is conducted by the Office of the Registrar General, India of the Ministry of Home Affairs.<br /><br />A <a href="https://pib.gov.in/newsite/PrintRelease.aspx?relid=179837" title="https://pib.gov.in/newsite/PrintRelease.aspx?relid=179837">press release</a> by the Ministry of Health and Family Welfare dated 6th June, 2018 says that initiatives like Mission Indradhanush and Intensified Mission Indradhanush in the low performing states have helped in reducing MMRatio. Other initiatives under the umbrella of <a href="http://nhm.gov.in/" title="http://nhm.gov.in/">National Health Mission</a> (NHM) like augmentation of infrastructure and Human Resources, Capacity Building and <a href="https://www.nhp.gov.in/janani-shishu-suraksha-karyakaram-jssk_pg" title="https://www.nhp.gov.in/janani-shishu-suraksha-karyakaram-jssk_pg">Janani Shishu Suraksha Karyakaram</a> (JSSK), which provides for free transport and care for pregnant women may have also helped in reducing MMRatio.<br /><br />The <a href="https://im4change.in/siteadmin/tinymce/uploaded/MMR_Bulletin%202015-17.pdf" title="https://im4change.in/siteadmin/tinymce/uploaded/MMR_Bulletin%202015-17.pdf">recently released bulletin</a> says that verbal autopsy instruments are administered for the deaths reported under the SRS on a regular basis to yield cause-specific mortality profile in the country.<br /><br />The website of MeasureEvaluation (<a href="https://bit.ly/2t3f8kF" title="https://bit.ly/2t3f8kF">https://bit.ly/2t3f8kF</a>) -- a partnership involving more than 5 organisations including the US Agency for International Development (USAID) --&nbsp; says that it is difficult to investigate maternal deaths because of the comparative rarity of such deaths on a population basis, apart from other context-specific factors, such as reluctance to report abortion-related deaths, problems of memory recall, or lack of medical attribution. If there is a significantly large population of non-users of health services, then it would not be prudent to rely heavily on health services data on MMRatio. Inaccuracies in routine registers and omission of deaths occurring outside maternity wards may also add to the problems related to using such health services information extensively.<br /><br />Instead of a precise measure, MMRatios broadly indicate the level of maternal mortality because of the limitations inherent in most measurement methods. In order to know more about MMRatio, please go to <a href="https://bit.ly/2t3f8kF" title="https://bit.ly/2t3f8kF">https://bit.ly/2t3f8kF</a>.<br /><br /><strong>Maternal Mortality Rate</strong><br /><br /><span style="background-color:#ffff00"><a href="https://im4change.in/siteadmin/tinymce/uploaded/MMR_2010-12-Report_Pres_19.12.2013_2.ppt" title="https://im4change.in/siteadmin/tinymce/uploaded/MMR_2010-12-Report_Pres_19.12.2013_2.ppt">According to the SRS</a>, maternal mortality rate (MMR) is defined as the number of maternal deaths to women in the ages 15-49 per lakh of women in that age group.</span><br /><br /><span style="background-color:#ffff00">From table-2, it is observed that India&#39;s MMR as a whole has fallen from 11.7 in 2011-13 to 8.8 in 2014-16, and further to 8.1 in 2015-17.</span><br /><br /><strong>Table 2: Maternal Mortality Rate, India and Bigger States, 2011-13 to 2015-17</strong><br /><br /><img alt="Table 2 Maternal Mortality Rate India and Bigger States 2011-13 to 2015-17" src="https://im4change.in/siteadmin/tinymce/uploaded/Table%202%20Maternal%20Mortality%20Rate%20India%20and%20Bigger%20States%202011-13%20to%202015-17.jpg" style="height:649px; width:495px" /><br /><br /><em><strong>Source:</strong> Sample Registration System, Office of the Registrar General &amp; Census Commissioner, India, please <a href="http://www.censusindia.gov.in/2011-Common/Sample_Registration_System.html" title="http://www.censusindia.gov.in/2011-Common/Sample_Registration_System.html">click here</a> to access</em>&nbsp;<br />---<br /><br /><span style="background-color:#ffff00">Kerala (1.9) had the lowest MMR in 2015-17, followed by Maharashtra (3.3) and Andhra Pradesh (3.6). Uttar Pradesh (20.1) had the highest MMR in 2015-17, followed by Madhya Pradesh (17.5) and Bihar (16.9). </span><br /><br />It is impossible to compare the current version of the data with previous years and present the trends in MMR for the&nbsp; states of Bihar, Jharkhand, Madhya Pradesh, Chhattisgarh, Uttar Pradesh and Uttaranchal/ Uttarakhand. Please check table-2.<br /><br />The decline in MMR has been most significant in southern states from 4.7 to 4.2 between 2014-16 and 2015-17 <em>(viz. <a href="https://im4change.in/siteadmin/tinymce/uploaded/Fall%20in%20Maternal%20Mortality%20Rate.jpg" title="Fall in Maternal Mortality Rate" title="https://im4change.in/siteadmin/tinymce/uploaded/Fall%20in%20Maternal%20Mortality%20Rate.jpg" title="Fall in Maternal Mortality Rate">by -10.6 percent</a>)</em>. Among the EAG states and Assam, the fall between these two points has been from 16.0 to 14.6 <em>(viz. <a href="https://im4change.in/siteadmin/tinymce/uploaded/Fall%20in%20Maternal%20Mortality%20Rate.jpg" title="Fall in Maternal Mortality Rate" title="https://im4change.in/siteadmin/tinymce/uploaded/Fall%20in%20Maternal%20Mortality%20Rate.jpg" title="Fall in Maternal Mortality Rate">by -8.8 percent</a>)</em> and in the &#39;Other sub-total&#39; from 5.4 to 5.1 <em>(viz. <a href="https://im4change.in/siteadmin/tinymce/uploaded/Fall%20in%20Maternal%20Mortality%20Rate.jpg" title="Fall in Maternal Mortality Rate" title="https://im4change.in/siteadmin/tinymce/uploaded/Fall%20in%20Maternal%20Mortality%20Rate.jpg" title="Fall in Maternal Mortality Rate">by -5.6 percent</a>)</em>.<br /><br />Among the sub-group totals, MMR was the highest for &lsquo;EAG and Assam sub-total&rsquo; <em>(comprising Assam, Bihar, Jharkhand, Madhya Pradesh, Chhattisgarh, Odisha, Rajasthan, Uttar Pradesh and Uttaranchal/ Uttarakhand)</em> in 2011-13, 2014-16 and 2015-17, followed by &lsquo;Other sub-total&rsquo; <em>(comprising Gujarat, Haryana, Maharashtra, Punjab, West Bengal and other states)</em> and &#39;South sub-total&#39; <em>(comprising Andhra Pradesh, Telangana, Karnataka, Kerala and Tamil Nadu)</em>.<br /><br /><strong>How is Maternal Mortality Ratio different from Maternal Mortality Rate?</strong><br /><br />Often researchers and media persons are found to use the terms maternal mortality ratio (MMRatio) and maternal mortality rate (MMR) interchangeably to mean the number of maternal deaths per 100,000 live births. However, as per the World Health Organization (WHO), the <a href="https://www.pop.org/definitions-of-maternal-mortality/#_edn1" title="https://www.pop.org/definitions-of-maternal-mortality/#_edn1">two are different concepts</a>. MMRatio viz. the number of maternal deaths per 100,000 live births, is a measure of the <a href="https://www.pop.org/definitions-of-maternal-mortality/" title="https://www.pop.org/definitions-of-maternal-mortality/">risk of death once a woman has become pregnant</a>. In order to understand the concept of MMRatio, please <a href="https://www.pop.org/definitions-of-maternal-mortality/#_edn1" title="https://www.pop.org/definitions-of-maternal-mortality/#_edn1">consider this example</a>. There is a village that has 1,000 people. Twenty women in that village become pregnant. There is miscarriage of 5 babies. Fifteen women give birth to 15 live babies. Five women who gave birth die due to complications in the pregnancy. In this case the MMRatio is 5 maternal deaths out of 15 live births, which is 33.3 percent.<br /><br />As opposed to MMRatio, MMR is the number of maternal deaths <em>(direct and indirect)</em> in a given period per 100,000 women of reproductive age <em>(15-49 years)</em> during the same time period. In order to understand the concept of MMR, kindly <a href="https://www.pop.org/definitions-of-maternal-mortality/#_edn1" title="https://www.pop.org/definitions-of-maternal-mortality/#_edn1">consider this example</a>. There is a village that has 1,000 people. There are 500 women, out of which 400 women belong to the reproductive age. Last year, 15 women gave birth to fifteen live babies. Five women died due to complications in the pregnancy. The MMR, therefore, is 5 maternal deaths out of 400 women of reproductive age, which is 1.25 percent.<br /><br /><br /><strong><em>References</em></strong></div><div><p style="text-align:justify"><br />Special Bulletin on Maternal Mortality in India 2015-17, released in November, 2019, Sample Registration System, Office of the Registrar General, India, please <a href="https://im4change.in/siteadmin/tinymce/uploaded/MMR_Bulletin%202015-17.pdf" title="MMR_Bulletin 2015-17" title="https://im4change.in/siteadmin/tinymce/uploaded/MMR_Bulletin%202015-17.pdf" title="MMR_Bulletin 2015-17">click here</a> to access<br /><br />Trends in Maternal Mortality 2000 to 2017: Estimates by WHO, UNICEF, World Bank Groups and the United Nations Population Division, released in September 2019, World Halth Orgnization (WHO), United Nations Children&#39;s Fund (UNICEF), World Bank Groups, United Nations Population Fund (UNFPA) and the United Nations Population Division, please <a href="https://im4change.org/empowerment/gender-3280.html?pgno=2#trends-in-maternal-mortality-2000-to-2017-estimates-by-who-unicef-world-bank-groups-and-the-united-nations-population-division-released-in-september-2019" title="https://im4change.org/empowerment/gender-3280.html?pgno=2#trends-in-maternal-mortality-2000-to-2017-estimates-by-who-unicef-world-bank-groups-and-the-united-nations-population-division-released-in-september-2019">click here</a> to access&nbsp;<br /><br />Special Bulletin on Maternal Mortality in India 2014-16, released in May, 2018, Sample Registration System, Office of the Registrar General, India, please <a href="https://im4change.in/siteadmin/tinymce/uploaded/MMR%20Bulletin-2014-16.pdf" title="https://im4change.in/siteadmin/tinymce/uploaded/MMR%20Bulletin-2014-16.pdf">click here</a> to access&nbsp;<br /><br />Special Bulletin on Maternal Mortality in India 2011-13, Sample Registration System, Office of the Registrar General, India, please <a href="https://im4change.in/siteadmin/tinymce/uploaded/mmr_bulletin_2011-13.pdf" title="https://im4change.in/siteadmin/tinymce/uploaded/mmr_bulletin_2011-13.pdf">click here</a> to access&nbsp;<br /><br />Compendium of India&#39;s Fertility and Mortality Indicators, 1971-2013, Sample Registration System, Office of the Registrar General, India, please <a href="http://www.censusindia.gov.in/vital_statistics/Compendium/00-Ind.XLS" title="http://www.censusindia.gov.in/vital_statistics/Compendium/00-Ind.XLS">click here</a> and <a href="https://im4change.in/siteadmin/tinymce/uploaded/Copy%20of%2000%20Ind%20trends%20in%20PDF.pdf" title="Copy of 00 Ind trends in PDF" title="https://im4change.in/siteadmin/tinymce/uploaded/Copy%20of%2000%20Ind%20trends%20in%20PDF.pdf" title="Copy of 00 Ind trends in PDF">here</a> to access&nbsp;<br /><br />Sample Registration System, Office of the Registrar General &amp; Census Commissioner, India, please <a href="http://www.censusindia.gov.in/2011-Common/Sample_Registration_System.html" title="http://www.censusindia.gov.in/2011-Common/Sample_Registration_System.html">click here</a> to access<br /><br />A Presentation on Maternal Mortality Levels (2010-12), please <a href="http://www.censusindia.gov.in/vital_statistics/SRS_Bulletins/MMR_2010-12-Report_Pres_19.12.2013.ppt" title="http://www.censusindia.gov.in/vital_statistics/SRS_Bulletins/MMR_2010-12-Report_Pres_19.12.2013.ppt">click here</a> to access<br /><br />Maternal mortality ratio (MMR), Family Planning and Reproductive Health Indicators Database, please <a href="https://www.measureevaluation.org/prh/rh_indicators/womens-health/sm/maternal-mortality-ratio-mmr" title="https://www.measureevaluation.org/prh/rh_indicators/womens-health/sm/maternal-mortality-ratio-mmr">click here</a> to access<br /><br />India shows impressive gains in reduction of Maternal Mortality with 22% reduction since 2013, Press Information Bureau, Ministry of Health and Family Welfare, dated 6 June, 2018, please <a href="http://pib.nic.in/newsite/PrintRelease.aspx?relid=179837" title="http://pib.nic.in/newsite/PrintRelease.aspx?relid=179837">click here</a> to access&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<br /><br />Shri JP Nadda highlights the achievements of the Health Ministry, Press Information Bureau, Ministry of Health and Family Welfare, dated 11 June 2018 please <a href="http://pib.nic.in/newsite/PrintRelease.aspx?relid=179896" title="http://pib.nic.in/newsite/PrintRelease.aspx?relid=179896">click here</a> to access&nbsp;</p><div style="text-align:justify">&nbsp;</div></div><div style="text-align:justify">Monitoring Health in the Sustainable Development Goals: 2017, World Health Organization, Regional Office for South East Asia, as quoted in the National Health Profile 2018, page no. 288, please <a href="https://bit.ly/2MmfuuK" title="https://bit.ly/2MmfuuK">click here</a> to access&nbsp;</div><div style="text-align:justify"><br />Maternal mortality ratio is falling but more effort required to catch up with China, News alert by Inclusive Media for Change dated 12 June, 2018, please <a href="https://im4change.org/news-alerts/maternal-mortality-ratio-is-falling-but-more-effort-required-to-catch-up-with-china-4684850.html" title="https://im4change.org/news-alerts/maternal-mortality-ratio-is-falling-but-more-effort-required-to-catch-up-with-china-4684850.html">click here</a> to access&nbsp;<br /><br />The drop in the maternal mortality ratio is just the first step, The Telegraph, 18 November, 2019, please <a href="https://im4change.org/latest-news-updates/the-drop-in-the-maternal-mortality-ratio-is-just-the-first-step-4688467.html" title="https://im4change.org/latest-news-updates/the-drop-in-the-maternal-mortality-ratio-is-just-the-first-step-4688467.html">click here</a> to access<br /><br />Explained -- Maternal mortality rate in the states: Assam 229, Kerala 42, The Indian Express, 9 November, 2019, please <a href="https://im4change.org/latest-news-updates/explained-maternal-mortality-rate-in-the-states-assam-229-kerala-42-4688435.html" title="https://im4change.org/latest-news-updates/explained-maternal-mortality-rate-in-the-states-assam-229-kerala-42-4688435.html">click here</a> to access&nbsp;<br /><br />India losing fewer mothers to childbirth, data reveal, The Hindu Business Line, 8 November, 2019, please <a href="https://im4change.org/latest-news-updates/india-losing-fewer-mothers-to-childbirth-data-reveal-4688414.html" title="https://im4change.org/latest-news-updates/india-losing-fewer-mothers-to-childbirth-data-reveal-4688414.html">click here</a> to access&nbsp;<br /><br />Maternal death rate declining: report -Afshan Yasmeen, The Hindu, 8 November, 2019, please <a href="https://im4change.org/latest-news-updates/maternal-death-rate-declining-report-afshan-yasmeen-4688432.html" title="https://im4change.org/latest-news-updates/maternal-death-rate-declining-report-afshan-yasmeen-4688432.html">click here</a> to access<br /><br />Kerala&#39;s maternal mortality rate drops to 46, govt aims 30 by 2020 -Vishnu Varma, The Indian Express, 7 June, 2018, please <a href="https://im4change.org/latest-news-updates/kerala039s-maternal-mortality-rate-drops-to-46-govt-aims-30-by-2020-vishnu-varma-4684853.html" title="https://im4change.org/latest-news-updates/kerala039s-maternal-mortality-rate-drops-to-46-govt-aims-30-by-2020-vishnu-varma-4684853.html">click here</a> to access&nbsp;<br /><br /><br /><strong>Image Courtesy: UNDP India</strong></div>                                                           
                        </div>
                    </td>
                </tr>
            </table>
        </div>
    </div>
</div>
<div class="clear"></div>
        <div style="padding-top: 18px;">
        <p class="post-tag">Tagged with:
                            <a class="tagcloud5"
                   href="https://im4change.in/search?qryStr=maternal deaths"
                   title="maternal deaths">
                    maternal deaths                </a>
                                <a class="tagcloud5"
                   href="https://im4change.in/search?qryStr=maternal mortality"
                   title="maternal mortality">
                    maternal mortality                </a>
                                <a class="tagcloud5"
                   href="https://im4change.in/search?qryStr=maternal mortality rate"
                   title="maternal mortality rate">
                    maternal mortality rate                </a>
                                <a class="tagcloud5"
                   href="https://im4change.in/search?qryStr=maternal mortality ratio"
                   title="maternal mortality ratio">
                    maternal mortality ratio                </a>
                        </p>
    </div>
<div class="clear"></div>
    <br><br>
    <div class="widget-top">
        <h4>Related Articles</h4>
        <div class="stripe-line"></div>
    </div>
    <div class="widget-container">
        <ul id="recentcomments">
                            <li class="recentcomments">
                    <a href="https://im4change.in/latest-news-updates/data-shows-maternal-mortality-rate-in-west-bengal-rise-above-national-average-subhajoy-roy.html"
                       title="Data shows maternal mortality rate in West Bengal rise above national average -Subhajoy Roy">
                        Data shows maternal mortality rate in West Bengal rise above national average -Subhajoy Roy                    </a>
                </li>
                                <li class="recentcomments">
                    <a href="https://im4change.in/latest-news-updates/india-shows-progress-on-maternal-mortality-gs-mudur.html"
                       title="India shows progress on maternal mortality -GS Mudur">
                        India shows progress on maternal mortality -GS Mudur                    </a>
                </li>
                                <li class="recentcomments">
                    <a href="https://im4change.in/latest-news-updates/india-improves-maternal-mortality-ratio-but-poorer-states-yet-to-make-progress-taran-deol.html"
                       title="India improves maternal mortality ratio, but poorer states yet to make progress -Taran Deol">
                        India improves maternal mortality ratio, but poorer states yet to make progress -Taran Deol                    </a>
                </li>
                                <li class="recentcomments">
                    <a href="https://im4change.in/latest-news-updates/maternal-mortality-ratio-reduces-to-97-in-2018-20-from-130-in-2014-16-says-mandaviya.html"
                       title="Maternal mortality ratio reduces to 97 in 2018-20 from 130 in 2014-16, says Mandaviya">
                        Maternal mortality ratio reduces to 97 in 2018-20 from 130 in 2014-16, says Mandaviya                    </a>
                </li>
                                <li class="recentcomments">
                    <a href="https://im4change.in/latest-news-updates/india-s-abortion-law-seems-liberal-but-is-driven-by-a-population-control-logic-not-women-s-rights-mytheli-sreenivas.html"
                       title="India’s abortion law seems liberal but is driven by a population control logic – not women’s rights -Mytheli Sreenivas">
                        India’s abortion law seems liberal but is driven by a population control logic – not women’s rights -Mytheli Sreenivas                    </a>
                </li>
                
        </ul>
    </div>
    <div class="comment-respond" id="respond">
    <a name="commentbox">&nbsp;</a>
    <h3 class="comment-reply-title" id="reply-title">Write Comments</h3>
    <form method="post" accept-charset="utf-8" role="form" action="/news-alerts-57/the-country-has-miles-to-go-in-reducing-maternal-deaths-4688477.html"><div style="display:none;"><input type="hidden" name="_method" value="POST"/></div>    <form class="comment-form" id="commentform" method="post" action="#commentbox" onSubmit="return validate()"
          name="cmtform">
        <input type="hidden" name="cmttype" value="articlecmt"/>
        <input type="hidden" name="article_id" value="40344"/>
        <p class="comment-notes">Your email address will not be published. Required fields are marked <span
                    class="required">*</span></p>
                <p class="comment-form-author">
            <label for="commenterName">Name</label>
            <span class="required">*</span>
            <input type="text" aria-required="true" size="30"
                   value=""
                   name="commenterName" id="commenterName" required="true">
        </p>
        <p class="comment-form-email">
            <label for="commenterEmail">Email</label> <span class="required">*</span>
            <input aria-required="true" size="30" name="commenterEmail" id="commenterEmail" type="email"
                   value=""
                   required="true">
        </p>
        <p class="comment-form-contact">
            <label for="commenterPh">Contact No.</label>
            <input type="text" size="30"
                   value=""
                   name="commenterPh" id="commenterPh">
        </p>
        <p class="comment-form-comment">
            <label for="comment">Comment</label>
            <textarea aria-required="true" required="true" rows="8" cols="45" name="comment"
                      id="comment"></textarea>
        </p>
        <p class="comment-form-comment">
            <label for="comment">Type the characters you see in the image below <span class="required">*</span><br><img
                        class="captchaImg"
                        src="https://im4change.in/securimage_show_art.php?tk=1081776014" alt="captcha"/>
            </label>
        </p>
        <input type="text" name="vrcode" required="true"/>

        <p class="form-submit" style="width: 200px;">
            <input type="submit" value="Post Comment" id="submit" name="submit">
        </p></form>
</div>
<style>
    .ui-widget-content {
        height: auto !important;
    }
</style>
<div id="share-modal"></div>
<style>
    .middleContent a{
        background-color: rgba(108,172,228,.2);
    }
    .middleContent a:hover{
        background-color: #418fde;
        border-color: #418fde;
        color: #000;
        }
</style>
<script>
    function shareArticle(article_id) {
        var options = {
            modal: true,
            height: 'auto',
            width: 600 + 'px'
        };
        $('#share-modal').html("");
        $('#share-modal').load('https://im4change.in/share_article?article_id=' + article_id).dialog(options).dialog('open');
    }

    function postShare() {
        var param = 'article_id=' + $("#article_id").val();
        param = param + '&y_name=' + $("#y_name").val();
        param = param + '&y_email=' + $("#y_email").val();
        param = param + '&f_name=' + $("#f_name").val();
        param = param + '&f_email=' + $("#f_email").val();
        param = param + '&y_msg=' + $("#y_msg").val();

        $.ajax({
            type: "POST",
            url: 'https://im4change.in/post_share_article',
            data: param,
            success: function (response) {
                $('#share-modal').html("Thank You, Your message posted to ");
            }
        });
        return false;
    }
</script>                </div>
            </div>
            <!-- Right Side Section Start -->
<!-- MAP Section START -->
<aside class="sidebar indexMarg">
    <div class="ad-cell">
        <a href="https://im4change.in/statemap.php" title="">
            <img src="https://im4change.in/images/map_new_version.png?1582080666" alt="India State Map" class="indiamap" width="232" height="252"/>        </a>
        <div class="rightmapbox">
            <div id="sideOne" class="docltitle"><a href="https://im4change.in/state-report/india/36" target="_blank">DOCUMENTS/
                    REPORTS</a></div>
            <div id="sideTwo" class="statetitle"><a href="https://im4change.in/states.php"target="_blank">STATE DATA/
                    HDRs.</a></div>
        </div>
        <div class="widget widgePadTop"></div>
    </div>
</aside>
<!-- MAP Section END -->
<aside class="sidebar sidePadbottom">
    <div class="rightsmlbox1" >
        <a href="https://im4change.in/knowledge_gateway" target="_blank" style="color: #035588;
    font-size: 17px;">
            KNOWLEDGE GATEWAY
        </a>
    </div>
    <div class="rightsmlbox1">

        <div>
            <p class="rightsmlbox1_title">
                <a href="https://im4change.in/newsletter" target="_blank">
                    NEWSLETTER
                </a>
            </p>
        </div>
    </div>
        <div class="rightsmlbox1" style="height: 325px;">
        <div>
            <p class="rightsmlbox1_title">
                Interview with Prof. Ravi Srivastava
            </p>
            <p class="rightsmlbox1_title">
                <a href="https://im4change.in/video/interview-with-prof-ravi-srivastava-on-current-economic-crisis">
                <img width="250" height="200" src="/images/interview_video_home.jpg" alt="Interview with Prof. Ravi Srivastava"/>
                </a>
                <!--
                <iframe width="250" height="200" src="https://www.youtube.com/embed/MmaTlntk-wc" frameborder="0" allow="accelerometer; autoplay; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture" allowfullscreen=""></iframe>-->
               
            </p>
            <a href="https://im4change.in/videogallery" class="more-link CatArchalAnch1" target="_blank">
                                More videos
                            </a>
        </div>
    </div>
    
        <div class="rightsmlbox1">
        <div>
            <!--div id="sstory" class="rightboxicons"></div--->
            <p class="rightsmlbox1_title"><a href="https://im4change.in/list-success-stories"  target="_blank">Success Stories</a></p>
        </div>
    </div>
    <div class="rightsmlbox1">
        <div>
            <p class="rightsmlbox1_title"><a
                        href="https://im4change.in/interviews"  target="_blank">Interviews</a>
            </p>
        </div>
    </div>

    <div class="rightsmlbox1">
        <div>
            <p class="rightsmlbox1_title"><a href="https://www.commoncause.in/page.php?id=10" >Donate</a></p>
        </div>
    </div>
    <div class="rightsmlbox1">
        <div>
            <p class="rightsmlbox1_title"><a
        href="https://im4change.in/marquee"
        class="isf_link more-link" title="India Focus?" style="border: 4px solid #fdd922;width: 90%;background-color: #fdd922;text-align: center;color: #000000;font-size:18px"  target="_blank">India Focus</a></p>        </div>
    </div>

    <div class="rightsmlbox1" style="height: 104px !important;">
        <a href="https://im4change.in/quarterly_reports.php" target="_blank">
            Quarterly Reports on Effect of Economic Slowdown on Employment in India (2008 - 2015)
        </a>
    </div>
    
<!--     <div class="rightsmlbox1">
        <a href="https://play.google.com/store/apps/details?id=com.im4.im4change" target="_blank">
            
        </a></div> -->
    <!-- <section class="cat-box recent-box secMarg">
        <h2 class="cat-box-title">Most Visited</h2>
    </section> -->
    <!-- accordion Starts here -->
    <!-- <div id="accordion" class="accordMarg">
            </div> -->
    <!-- accordion ends here -->
    <!-- Widget Tag Cloud Starts here -->
    <div id="tag_cloud-2" class="widget widget_tag_cloud">
        <section class="cat-box recent-box secMarg">
                <h2 class="cat-box-title">MOST VISITED TAGS</h2>
            </section>
        <div class="widget-top wiPdTp">
           
            <div class="stripe-line"></div>
        </div>
        <div class="widget-container">
            <div class="tagcloud">
                                    <a href="https://im4change.in/search?qryStr=Agriculture"
                       target="_blank" class="tag-link-4 font4">Agriculture</a>
                                        <a href="https://im4change.in/search?qryStr=Food Security"
                       target="_blank" class="tag-link-4 font4">Food Security</a>
                                        <a href="https://im4change.in/search?qryStr=Law and Justice"
                       target="_blank" class="tag-link-4 font4">Law and Justice</a>
                                        <a href="https://im4change.in/search?qryStr=Health"
                       target="_blank" class="tag-link-4 font4">Health</a>
                                        <a href="https://im4change.in/search?qryStr=Right to Food"
                       target="_blank" class="tag-link-4 font4">Right to Food</a>
                                        <a href="https://im4change.in/search?qryStr=Corruption"
                       target="_blank" class="tag-link-4 font4">Corruption</a>
                                        <a href="https://im4change.in/search?qryStr=farming"
                       target="_blank" class="tag-link-4 font4">farming</a>
                                        <a href="https://im4change.in/search?qryStr=Environment"
                       target="_blank" class="tag-link-4 font4">Environment</a>
                                        <a href="https://im4change.in/search?qryStr=Right to Information"
                       target="_blank" class="tag-link-4 font4">Right to Information</a>
                                        <a href="https://im4change.in/search?qryStr=NREGS"
                       target="_blank" class="tag-link-4 font4">NREGS</a>
                                        <a href="https://im4change.in/search?qryStr=Human Rights"
                       target="_blank" class="tag-link-4 font4">Human Rights</a>
                                        <a href="https://im4change.in/search?qryStr=Governance"
                       target="_blank" class="tag-link-4 font4">Governance</a>
                                        <a href="https://im4change.in/search?qryStr=PDS"
                       target="_blank" class="tag-link-4 font4">PDS</a>
                                        <a href="https://im4change.in/search?qryStr=COVID-19"
                       target="_blank" class="tag-link-4 font4">COVID-19</a>
                                        <a href="https://im4change.in/search?qryStr=Land Acquisition"
                       target="_blank" class="tag-link-4 font4">Land Acquisition</a>
                                        <a href="https://im4change.in/search?qryStr=mgnrega"
                       target="_blank" class="tag-link-4 font4">mgnrega</a>
                                        <a href="https://im4change.in/search?qryStr=Farmers"
                       target="_blank" class="tag-link-4 font4">Farmers</a>
                                        <a href="https://im4change.in/search?qryStr=transparency"
                       target="_blank" class="tag-link-4 font4">transparency</a>
                                        <a href="https://im4change.in/search?qryStr=Gender"
                       target="_blank" class="tag-link-4 font4">Gender</a>
                                        <a href="https://im4change.in/search?qryStr=Poverty"
                       target="_blank" class="tag-link-4 font4">Poverty</a>
                                    
                                <a href="https://im4change.in/search?qryStr=Farm Laws" target="_blank" class="tag-link-4 font4">Farm Laws
                </a>
                <a href="https://im4change.in/search?qryStr=Citizenship Amendment Act" target="_blank" class="tag-link-4 font4">Citizenship Amendment Act
                </a>
                <a href="https://im4change.in/search?qryStr=CAA NPR NRIC" target="_blank" class="tag-link-4 font4">CAA NPR NRIC
                </a>
                <a href="https://im4change.in/search?qryStr=Job Losses" target="_blank" class="tag-link-4 font4">Job Losses
                </a>
                <a href="https://im4change.in/search?qryStr=Migrant Workers" target="_blank" class="tag-link-4 font4">Migrant Workers
                </a>
                <a href="https://im4change.in/search?qryStr=Unemployment" target="_blank" class="tag-link-4 font4">Unemployment
                </a>
                <a href="https://im4change.in/search?qryStr=PMGKAY" target="_blank" class="tag-link-4 font4">PMGKAY
                </a>
                <a href="https://im4change.in/search?qryStr=PM-KISAN" target="_blank" class="tag-link-4 font4">PM-KISAN
                </a>
                <a href="https://im4change.in/search?qryStr=PM-CARES" target="_blank" class="tag-link-4 font4">PM-CARES
                </a>
                <a href="https://im4change.in/search?qryStr=LFPR" target="_blank" class="tag-link-4 font4">LFPR
                </a>
                
            </div>
        </div>
    </div>
    <!-- Widget Tag Cloud Ends here -->
</aside>
<!-- Right Side Section End -->
        </div>
        <section class="cat-box cats-review-box footerSec">
    <h2 class="cat-box-title vSec CatArcha">Video
        Archives</h2>
    <h2 class="cat-box-title CatArchaTitle">Archives</h2>
    <div class="cat-box-content">
        <div class="reviews-cat">
            <div class="CatArchaDiv1">
                <div class="CatArchaDiv2">
                    <ul>
                                                    <li>
                                <a href="https://im4change.in/news-alerts-57/moving-upstream-luni-fellowship.html"  target="_blank">
                                     Moving Upstream: Luni – Fellowship                                </a>
                            </li>
                                                        <li>
                                <a href="https://im4change.in/news-alerts-57/135-million-indians-exited-multidimensional-poverty-as-per-government-figures-is-that-the-same-as-poverty-reduction.html"  target="_blank">
                                     135 Million Indians Exited “Multidimensional" Poverty as per Government...                                </a>
                            </li>
                                                        <li>
                                <a href="https://im4change.in/news-alerts-57/explainer-why-are-tomato-prices-on-fire.html"  target="_blank">
                                     Explainer: Why are Tomato Prices on Fire?                                </a>
                            </li>
                                                        <li>
                                <a href="https://im4change.in/news-alerts-57/nsso-survey-only-39-1-of-all-households-have-drinking-water-within-dwelling-46-7-of-rural-households-use-firewood-for-cooking.html"  target="_blank">
                                     NSSO Survey: Only 39.1% of all Households have Drinking...                                </a>
                            </li>
                                                    <li class="CatArchalLi1">
                            <a href="https://im4change.in/news-alerts-57"
                               class="more-link CatArchalAnch1"  target="_blank">
                                More...
                            </a>
                        </li>
                    </ul>
                </div>
                                    <div class="CatArchaWidth">
                        <img class="CatArchaImg"
                             src="https://img.youtube.com/vi/I51LYnP8BOk/1.jpg"
                             alt=" Im4Change.org हिंदी वेबसाइट का परिचय. Short Video on im4change.org...">
                        <p class="CatArchaPPad">
                            <a href="https://im4change.in/video/Short-Video-on-im4change-Hindi-website-Inclusive-Media-for-Change"  target="_blank">
                                 Im4Change.org हिंदी वेबसाइट का परिचय. Short Video on im4change.org...                            </a>
                        </p>
                    </div>
                                        <div class="CatArchaWidth">
                        <img class="CatArchaImg"
                             src="https://img.youtube.com/vi/kNqha-SwfIY/1.jpg"
                             alt=" "Session 1: Scope of IDEA and AgriStack" in Exploring...">
                        <p class="CatArchaPPad">
                            <a href="https://im4change.in/video/Session-1- Scope-of-IDEA-and-AgriStack-in-Exploring-Digitalisation-in-Agriculture-29-April-2022"  target="_blank">
                                 "Session 1: Scope of IDEA and AgriStack" in Exploring...                            </a>
                        </p>
                    </div>
                                        <div class="CatArchaWidth">
                        <img class="CatArchaImg"
                             src="https://img.youtube.com/vi/6kIVjlgZItk/1.jpg"
                             alt=" "Session 2: Farmer Centric Digitalisation in Agriculture" in Exploring...">
                        <p class="CatArchaPPad">
                            <a href="https://im4change.in/video/Session-2-Farmer-Centric-Digitalisation-in-Agriculture-in-Exploring-Digitalisation-in-Agriculture-29-April-2022"  target="_blank">
                                 "Session 2: Farmer Centric Digitalisation in Agriculture" in Exploring...                            </a>
                        </p>
                    </div>
                                        <div class="CatArchaWidth">
                        <img class="CatArchaImg"
                             src="https://img.youtube.com/vi/2BeHTu0y7xc/1.jpg"
                             alt=" "Session 3: Future of Digitalisation in Agriculture" in Exploring...">
                        <p class="CatArchaPPad">
                            <a href="https://im4change.in/video/Session-3-Future-of-Digitalisation-in-Agriculture-in-Exploring-Digitalisation-in-Agriculture-29-April-2022"  target="_blank">
                                 "Session 3: Future of Digitalisation in Agriculture" in Exploring...                            </a>
                        </p>
                    </div>
                    


                <div class="divWidth">
                    <ul class="divWidthMarg">
                                                    <li>
                                <a href="https://im4change.in/video/Public-Spending-on-Agriculture-in-India-Source-Foundation-for-Agrarian-Studies"
                                   title="Public Spending on Agriculture in India (Source: Foundation for Agrarian Studies)"  target="_blank">
                                     Public Spending on Agriculture in India (Source: Foundation for...</a>
                            </li>
                                                        <li>
                                <a href="https://im4change.in/video/Agrarian-Change-Seminar-Protests-against-the-New-Farm-Laws-in-India-by-Prof-Vikas-Rawal-JNU-Source-Journal-Of-Agrarian-Change"
                                   title="Agrarian Change Seminar: 'Protests against the New Farm Laws in India' by Prof. Vikas Rawal, JNU (Source: Journal Of Agrarian Change) "  target="_blank">
                                     Agrarian Change Seminar: 'Protests against the New Farm Laws...</a>
                            </li>
                                                        <li>
                                <a href="https://im4change.in/video/Webinar-Ramrao-The-Story-of-India-Farm-Crisis-Source-Azim-Premji-University"
                                   title="Webinar: Ramrao - The Story of India's Farm Crisis (Source: Azim Premji University)"  target="_blank">
                                     Webinar: Ramrao - The Story of India's Farm Crisis...</a>
                            </li>
                                                        <li>
                                <a href="https://im4change.in/video/water-and-agricultural-transformation-in-India"
                                   title="Water and Agricultural Transformation in India: A Symbiotic Relationship (Source: IGIDR)"  target="_blank">
                                     Water and Agricultural Transformation in India: A Symbiotic Relationship...</a>
                            </li>
                                                    <li class="CatArchalLi1">
                            <a href="https://im4change.in/videogallery"
                               class="more-link CatArchalAnch1"  target="_blank">
                                More...
                            </a>
                        </li>
                    </ul>
                </div>
            </div>
        </div>
    </div>
</section>    </div>
    <div class="clear"></div>
    <!-- Footer option Starts here -->
    <div class="footer-bottom fade-in animated4">
        <div class="container">
            <div class="social-icons icon_flat">
                <p class="SocialMargTop"> Website Developed by <a target="_blank" title="Web Development"
                                                                  class="wot right"
                                                                  href="http://www.ravinderkhurana.com/" rel="nofollow">
                                                                  RAVINDErkHURANA.com</a></p>
            </div>
            <div class="alignleft">
                <a
     target="_blank" href="https://im4change.in/objectives-8.html"
    class="link"
    title="Objectives">Objectives</a> | <a
     target="_blank" href="https://im4change.in/about-us-9.html"
    class="link" title="About Us">About Us</a> | <a
     target="_blank" href="https://im4change.in/media-workshops.php"
    class="ucwords">Workshops</a> | <a
     target="_blank" href="https://im4change.in/disclaimer/disclaimer-149.html"
    title="Disclaimer">Disclaimer</a>            </div>
        </div>
    </div>
    <!-- Footer option ends here -->
</div>
<div id="connect">
    <a target="_blank"
       href="http://www.facebook.com/sharer.php?u=https://im4change.in/news-alerts-57/the-country-has-miles-to-go-in-reducing-maternal-deaths-4688477.html"
       title="Share on Facebook">
        <img src="https://im4change.in/images/Facebook.png?1582080640" alt="share on Facebook" class="ImgBorder"/>
    </a><br/>
    <a target="_blank"
       href="http://twitter.com/share?text=Im4change&amp;url=https://im4change.in/news-alerts-57/the-country-has-miles-to-go-in-reducing-maternal-deaths-4688477.html"
       title="Share on Twitter">
        <img src="https://im4change.in/images/twitter.png?1582080632" alt="Twitter" class="ImgBorder"/>    </a>
    <br/>
    <a href="/feeds" title="RSS Feed" target="_blank">
        <img src="https://im4change.in/images/rss.png?1582080632" alt="RSS" class="ImgBorder"/>
    </a>
    <br/>
    <a class="feedback-link" id="feedbackFormLink" href="#">
        <img src="https://im4change.in/images/feedback.png?1582080630" alt="Feedback" class="ImgBorder"/>
    </a> <br/>
    <a href="javascript:function iprl5(){var d=document,z=d.createElement('scr'+'ipt'),b=d.body,l=d.location;try{if(!b)throw(0);d.title='(Saving...) '+d.title;z.setAttribute('src',l.protocol+'//www.instapaper.com/j/WKrH3R7ORD5p?u='+encodeURIComponent(l.href)+'&amp;t='+(new Date().getTime()));b.appendChild(z);}catch(e){alert('Please wait until the page has loaded.');}}iprl5();void(0)"
       class="bookmarklet" onclick="return explain_bookmarklet();">
        <img src="https://im4change.in/images/read-it-later.png?1582080632" alt="Read Later" class="ImgBorder"/>    </a>
</div>
<!-- Feedback form Starts here -->
<div id="feedbackForm" class="overlay_form" class="ImgBorder">
    <h2>Contact Form</h2>
    <div id="contactform1">
        <div id="formleft">
            <form id="submitform" action="/contactus.php" method="post">
                <input type="hidden" name="submitform" value="submitform"/>
                <input type="hidden" name="salt_key" value="a0e0f2c6a0644a70e57ad2c96829709a"/>
                <input type="hidden" name="ref" value="feedback"/>
                <fieldset>
                    <label>Name :</label>
                    <input type="text" name="name" class="tbox" required/>
                </fieldset>
                <fieldset>
                    <label>Email :</label>
                    <input type="text" name="email" class="tbox" required/>
                </fieldset>
                <fieldset>
                    <label>Message :</label>
                    <textarea rows="5" cols="20" name="message" required></textarea>
                </fieldset>
                <fieldset>
                    Please enter security code
                    <div class="clear"></div>
                    <input type="text" name="vrcode" class="tbox"/>
                </fieldset>
                <fieldset>
                    <input type="submit" class="button" value="Submit"/>
                    &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; <a href="#" id="closefeedbakcformLink">Close</a>
                </fieldset>
            </form>
        </div>
        <div class="clearfix"></div>
    </div>
</div>
<div id="donate_popup" class="modal" style="max-width: 800px;">
    <table width="100%" border="1">
        <tr>
            <td colspan="2" align="center">
                <b>Support im4change</b>
            </td>
        </tr>
        <tr>
            <td width="25%" valign="middle">
                <img src="https://im4change.in/images/logo2.jpg?1582080632" alt="" width="100%"/>            </td>
            <td style="padding-left:10px;padding-top:10px;">
                <form action="https://im4change.in/donate" method="get">
                    <table width="100%" cellpadding="2" cellspacing="2">
                        <tr>
                            <td width="33%" style="font-family: 'Script Font', cursive, Arial;font-size: 20px;font-weight: 700;">
                                10
                            </td>
                            <td width="33%" style="font-family: 'Script Font', cursive, Arial;font-size: 20px;font-weight: 700;">
                                100
                            </td>
                            <td width="33%" style="font-family: 'Script Font', cursive, Arial;font-size: 20px;font-weight: 700;">
                                1000
                            </td>
                        </tr>
                        <tr>
                            <td colspan="3">
                                &nbsp;
                            </td>
                        </tr>
                        <tr>
                            <td  style="font-family: 'Script Font', cursive, Arial;font-size: 20px;font-weight: 700;">
                                50
                            </td>
                            <td  style="font-family: 'Script Font', cursive, Arial;font-size: 20px;font-weight: 700;">
                                500
                            </td>
                            <td  style="font-family: 'Script Font', cursive, Arial;font-size: 20px;font-weight: 700;">
                                <input type="text" name="price" placeholder="?" style="font-family: 'Script Font', cursive, Arial;font-size: 20px;font-weight: 700;">
                            </td>
                        </tr>
                        <tr>
                            <td colspan="3">
                                &nbsp;
                            </td>
                        </tr>
                        <tr>
                            <td colspan="3" align="right">
                                <input type="button" name="Pay" value="Pay"
                                       style="width: 200px;background-color: rgb(205, 35, 36);color: #ffffff;"/>
                            </td>
                        </tr>
                    </table>
                </form>
            </td>
        </tr>
    </table>
</div><script type='text/javascript'>

    /* <![CDATA[ */

    var tievar = {'go_to': 'Go to...'};

    /* ]]> */

</script>
<script src="/js/tie-scripts.js?1575549704"></script><script src="/js/bootstrap.js?1575549704"></script><script src="/js/jquery.modal.min.js?1578284310"></script><script>
    $(document).ready(function() {
        // tell the autocomplete function to get its data from our php script
        $('#s').autocomplete({
            source: "/autocomplete"
        });
    });
</script>
<script src="/vj-main-sw-register.js" async></script>

<script>function init(){var imgDefer=document.getElementsByTagName('img');for(var i=0;i<imgDefer.length;i++){if(imgDefer[i].getAttribute('data-src')){imgDefer[i].setAttribute('src',imgDefer[i].getAttribute('data-src'))}}}
window.onload=init;</script>
</body>
</html>'

}
$reasonPhrase = 'OK'
header - [internal], line ??
Cake\Http\ResponseEmitter::emitStatusLine() - CORE/src/Http/ResponseEmitter.php, line 148
Cake\Http\ResponseEmitter::emit() - CORE/src/Http/ResponseEmitter.php, line 54
Cake\Http\Server::emit() - CORE/src/Http/Server.php, line 141
[main] - ROOT/webroot/index.php, line 39

Warning (2): Cannot modify header information - headers already sent by (output started at /home/brlfuser/public_html/vendor/cakephp/cakephp/src/Error/Debugger.php:853) [CORE/src/Http/ResponseEmitter.php, line 181]
Code Context
                    $value

                ), $first);

                $first = false;
$response = object(Cake\Http\Response) {

	'status' => (int) 200,
	'contentType' => 'text/html',
	'headers' => [
		'Content-Type' => [
			[maximum depth reached]
		]
	],
	'file' => null,
	'fileRange' => [],
	'cookies' => object(Cake\Http\Cookie\CookieCollection) {},
	'cacheDirectives' => [],
	'body' => '<!DOCTYPE html>
<!--[if lt IE 7 ]>
<html class="ie ie6" lang='en'> <![endif]-->
<!--[if IE 7 ]>
<html class="ie ie7" lang='en'> <![endif]-->
<!--[if IE 8 ]>
<html class="ie ie8" lang='en'> <![endif]-->
<!--[if (gte IE 9)|!(IE)]><!-->
<html lang='en'>
<!--<![endif]-->
<head><meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=utf-8">
    
    <title>
        NEWS ALERTS | The country has miles to go in reducing maternal deaths    </title>
    <meta name="description" content="&nbsp;

A high maternal mortality ratio (MMRatio) indicates low status of women in the society apart from poor functioning of the health services delivery system. Recently released data by the Sample Registration System (SRS) bulletin indicates that for the country as..."/>
    <meta name="keywords" content="maternal deaths,maternal mortality,maternal mortality rate,maternal mortality ratio"/>
    <meta name="news_keywords" content="maternal deaths,maternal mortality,maternal mortality rate,maternal mortality ratio">
   
    <link rel="alternate" type="application/rss+xml" title="ROR" href="/ror.xml"/>
    <link rel="alternate" type="application/rss+xml" title="RSS 2.0" href="/feeds/"/>
    <link rel="stylesheet" href="/css/bootstrap.min.css?1697864993"/>    <link rel="stylesheet" href="/css/style.css?v=1.1.2"/>    <link rel="stylesheet" href="/css/style-inner.css?1577045210"/>    <link rel="stylesheet" id="Oswald-css"
          href="https://fonts.googleapis.com/css?family=Oswald%3Aregular%2C700&amp;ver=3.8.1" type="text/css"
          media="all">
    <link rel="stylesheet" href="/css/jquery.modal.min.css?1578285302"/>    <script src="/js/jquery-1.10.2.js?1575549704"></script>    <script src="/js/jquery-migrate.min.js?1575549704"></script>    <link rel="shortcut icon" href="/favicon.ico" title="Favicon">
    <link rel="stylesheet" href="/css/jquery-ui.css?1580720609"/>    <script src="/js/jquery-ui.js?1575549704"></script>    <link rel="preload" as="style" href="https://www.im4change.org/css/custom.css" onload="this.rel='stylesheet'" media="all" crossorigin="anonymous">
<link rel="preload" as="style" href="https://www.im4change.org/css/jquery.modal.min.css" onload="this.rel='stylesheet'" media="all" crossorigin="anonymous">
<link rel="preload" as="style" href="https://www.im4change.org/css/jquery-ui.css" onload="this.rel='stylesheet'" media="all" crossorigin="anonymous">
<link rel="preload" as="style" href="https://www.im4change.org/css/li-scroller.css" onload="this.rel='stylesheet'" media="all" crossorigin="anonymous">
<!-- <link rel="preload" as="style" href="https://www.im4change.org/css/style.css" onload="this.rel='stylesheet'" media="all" crossorigin="anonymous"> -->
<link rel="preload" as="style" href="https://www.im4change.org/css/style-inner.css" onload="this.rel='stylesheet'" media="all" crossorigin="anonymous">

<link rel='dns-prefetch' href="//im4change.org/css/custom.css" crossorigin >

<link rel="preload" as="script" href="https://www.im4change.org/js/bootstrap.js">
<link rel="preload" as="script" href="https://www.im4change.org/js/jquery.li-scroller.1.0.js">
<link rel="preload" as="script" href="https://www.im4change.org/js/jquery.modal.min.js">
<link rel="preload" as="script" href="https://www.im4change.org/js/jquery.ui.totop.js">
<link rel="preload" as="script" href="https://www.im4change.org/js/jquery-1.10.2.js">
<link rel="preload" as="script" href="https://www.im4change.org/js/jquery-migrate.min.js">
<link rel="preload" as="script" href="https://www.im4change.org/js/jquery-ui.js">
<link rel="preload" as="script" href="https://www.im4change.org/js/setting.js">
<link rel="preload" as="script" href="https://www.im4change.org/js/tie-scripts.js">
    <!--[if IE]>
    <script type="text/javascript">jQuery(document).ready(function () {
        jQuery(".menu-item").has("ul").children("a").attr("aria-haspopup", "true");
    });</script>
    <![endif]-->
    <!--[if lt IE 9]>
    <script src="/js/html5.js"></script>
    <script src="/js/selectivizr-min.js"></script>
    <![endif]-->
    <!--[if IE 8]>
    <link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" media="all" href="/css/ie8.css"/>
    <![endif]-->
    <meta property="og:title" content="NEWS ALERTS | The country has miles to go in reducing maternal deaths" />
     <meta property="og:url" content="https://im4change.in/news-alerts-57/the-country-has-miles-to-go-in-reducing-maternal-deaths-4688477.html" />
     <meta property="og:type" content="article" />
     <meta property="og:description" content="&nbsp;

A high maternal mortality ratio (MMRatio) indicates low status of women in the society apart from poor functioning of the health services delivery system. Recently released data by the Sample Registration System (SRS) bulletin indicates that for the country as..." />
     <meta property="og:image" content="" />
      <meta property="fb:app_id" content="0" />
    <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1, maximum-scale=1, user-scalable=no">

       <link rel="apple-touch-icon-precomposed" sizes="144x144" href="https://im4change.in/images/apple1.png">
    <link rel="apple-touch-icon-precomposed" sizes="120x120" href="https://im4change.in/images/apple2.png">
    <link rel="apple-touch-icon-precomposed" sizes="72x72" href="https://im4change.in/images/apple3.png">
    <link rel="apple-touch-icon-precomposed" href="https://im4change.in/images/apple4.png">

    <style>
    .gsc-results-wrapper-overlay{
        top: 38% !important;
        height: 50% !important;
    }
    .gsc-search-button-v2{
        border-color: #035588 !important;
        background-color: #035588 !important;
    }

   .gsib_a{
        height: 30px !important;
          padding: 2px 8px 1px 6px !important;
    }

   
    .gsc-search-button-v2{
        height: 41px !important;
    }
    input.gsc-input{
        background: none !important;
    }
    @media only screen and (max-width: 600px) {
        .gsc-results-wrapper-overlay{
            top: 11% !important;
            width: 87% !important;
            left: 9% !important;
            height: 43% !important;
        }

        .gsc-search-button-v2{
            padding: 10px 10px !important;
        
        }
        .gsc-input-box{
            height: 28px !important;
        }
       /* .gsib_a {
            padding: 0px 9px 4px 9px !important;
        }*/
    }
    @media only screen and (min-width: 1200px) and (max-width: 1920px) {
        table.gsc-search-box{
            width: 15% !important;
            float: right !important;
            margin-top: -118px !important;
        }

        .gsc-search-button-v2 {
            
            padding: 6px !important;
           
        }
    }


</style>

    <script>
        $(function () {
            $("#accordion").accordion({
                event: "click hoverintent"
            });
        });

        /*
         * hoverIntent | Copyright 2011 Brian Cherne
         * http://cherne.net/brian/resources/jquery.hoverIntent.html
         * modified by the jQuery UI team
         */
        $.event.special.hoverintent = {
            setup: function () {
                $(this).bind("mouseover", jQuery.event.special.hoverintent.handler);
            },
            teardown: function () {
                $(this).unbind("mouseover", jQuery.event.special.hoverintent.handler);
            },
            handler: function (event) {
                var currentX, currentY, timeout,
                    args = arguments,
                    target = $(event.target),
                    previousX = event.pageX,
                    previousY = event.pageY;

                function track(event) {
                    currentX = event.pageX;
                    currentY = event.pageY;
                }
                ;

                function clear() {
                    target
                        .unbind("mousemove", track)
                        .unbind("mouseout", clear);
                    clearTimeout(timeout);
                }

                function handler() {
                    var prop,
                        orig = event;
                    if ((Math.abs(previousX - currentX) +
                        Math.abs(previousY - currentY)) < 7) {
                        clear();
                        event = $.Event("hoverintent");
                        for (prop in orig) {
                            if (!(prop in event)) {
                                event[prop] = orig[prop];
                            }
                        }
                        // Prevent accessing the original event since the new event
                        // is fired asynchronously and the old event is no longer
                        // usable (#6028)
                        delete event.originalEvent;
                        target.trigger(event);
                    } else {
                        previousX = currentX;
                        previousY = currentY;
                        timeout = setTimeout(handler, 100);
                    }
                }

                timeout = setTimeout(handler, 100);
                target.bind({
                    mousemove: track,
                    mouseout: clear
                });
            }
        };
    </script>
    <script type="text/javascript">
        var _gaq = _gaq || [];
        _gaq.push(['_setAccount', 'UA-472075-3']);
        _gaq.push(['_trackPageview']);

        (function () {
            var ga = document.createElement('script');
            ga.type = 'text/javascript';
            ga.async = true;
            ga.src = ('https:' == document.location.protocol ? 'https://ssl' : 'http://www') + '.google-analytics.com/ga.js';
            var s = document.getElementsByTagName('script')[0];
            s.parentNode.insertBefore(ga, s);
        })();
    </script>
    <link rel="stylesheet" href="/css/custom.css?v=1.16"/>    <script src="/js/jquery.ui.totop.js?1575549704"></script>    <script src="/js/setting.js?1575549704"></script>    <link rel="manifest" href="/manifest.json">
    <meta name="theme-color" content="#616163" />
    <meta name="apple-mobile-web-app-capable" content="yes">
    <meta name="apple-mobile-web-app-status-bar-style" content="black">
    <meta name="apple-mobile-web-app-title" content="im4change">
    <link rel="apple-touch-icon" href="/icons/logo-192x192.png">
</head>
<body id="top" class="home inner blog">
<div class="background-cover"></div>
<div class="wrapper animated">
    <header id="theme-header" class="header_inner" style="position: relative;">
        <div class="logo inner_logo" style="left:20px !important">
                <a title="Home" href="https://im4change.in/">
                    <img src="https://im4change.in/images/logo2.jpg?1582080632" class="logo_image" alt="im4change"/>                </a>
        </div>
        <div class="langhindi" style="color: #000;display:none;"
             href="https://im4change.in/">
            <a class="more-link" href="https://im4change.in/">Home</a>
                        <a href="https://im4change.in/hindi/" class="langbutton ">हिन्दी</a>
                    </div>
        <nav class="fade-in animated2" id="main-nav">
            <div class="container">
                <div class="main-menu">
    <ul class="menu" id="menu-main">
        <li class="menu-item  menu-item-type-custom  menu-item-object-custom  menu-item-has-children"
            style="left: -40px;"><a
                 target="_blank" href="https://im4change.in/">Home</a>
        </li>
        <li class="menu-item mega-menu menu-item-type-taxonomy mega-menu menu-item-object-category mega-menu menu-item-has-children parent-list"
            style=" margin-left: -40px;"><a href="#">KNOWLEDGE GATEWAY <span class="sub-indicator"></span>
            </a>
            <div class="mega-menu-block background_menu" style="padding-top:25px;">
                <div class="container">
                    <div class="mega-menu-content">
                                                                   <div class="mega-menu-item">
                                                 <h3><b>Farm Crisis</b></h3>
                                                                                                    <p style="padding-left:5px;">
                                                    <a  target="_blank" href="https://im4change.in/farm-crisis/farmers039-suicides-14.html"
                                                       class="left postionrel">Farm Suicides                                                       </a>
                                                </p>
                                                                                                        <p style="padding-left:5px;">
                                                    <a  target="_blank" href="https://im4change.in/farm-crisis/unemployment-30.html"
                                                       class="left postionrel">Unemployment                                                       </a>
                                                </p>
                                                                                                        <p style="padding-left:5px;">
                                                    <a  target="_blank" href="https://im4change.in/farm-crisis/rural-distress-70.html"
                                                       class="left postionrel">Rural distress                                                       </a>
                                                </p>
                                                                                                        <p style="padding-left:5px;">
                                                    <a  target="_blank" href="https://im4change.in/farm-crisis/migration-34.html"
                                                       class="left postionrel">Migration                                                       </a>
                                                </p>
                                                                                                        <p style="padding-left:5px;">
                                                    <a  target="_blank" href="https://im4change.in/farm-crisis/key-facts-72.html"
                                                       class="left postionrel">Key Facts                                                       </a>
                                                </p>
                                                                                                        <p style="padding-left:5px;">
                                                    <a  target="_blank" href="https://im4change.in/farm-crisis/debt-trap-15.html"
                                                       class="left postionrel">Debt Trap                                                       </a>
                                                </p>
                                                                                                
                                              </div> 
                                            
                                                                                        <div class="mega-menu-item">
                                                 <h3><b>Empowerment</b></h3>
                                                                                                    <p style="padding-left:5px;">
                                                    <a  target="_blank" href="https://im4change.in/empowerment/union-budget-73.html"
                                                       class="left postionrel">Union Budget And Other Economic Policies                                                       </a>
                                                </p>
                                                                                                        <p style="padding-left:5px;">
                                                    <a  target="_blank" href="https://im4change.in/empowerment/forest-and-tribal-rights-61.html"
                                                       class="left postionrel">Forest and Tribal Rights                                                       </a>
                                                </p>
                                                                                                        <p style="padding-left:5px;">
                                                    <a  target="_blank" href="https://im4change.in/empowerment/right-to-education-60.html"
                                                       class="left postionrel">Right to Education                                                       </a>
                                                </p>
                                                                                                        <p style="padding-left:5px;">
                                                    <a  target="_blank" href="https://im4change.in/empowerment/right-to-food-59.html"
                                                       class="left postionrel">Right to Food                                                       </a>
                                                </p>
                                                                                                        <p style="padding-left:5px;">
                                                    <a  target="_blank" href="https://im4change.in/empowerment/displacement-3279.html"
                                                       class="left postionrel">Displacement                                                       </a>
                                                </p>
                                                                                                        <p style="padding-left:5px;">
                                                    <a  target="_blank" href="https://im4change.in/empowerment/right-to-work-mg-nrega-39.html"
                                                       class="left postionrel">Right to Work (MG-NREGA)                                                       </a>
                                                </p>
                                                                                                        <p style="padding-left:5px;">
                                                    <a  target="_blank" href="https://im4change.in/empowerment/gender-3280.html"
                                                       class="left postionrel">GENDER                                                       </a>
                                                </p>
                                                                                                        <p style="padding-left:5px;">
                                                    <a  target="_blank" href="https://im4change.in/empowerment/right-to-information-58.html"
                                                       class="left postionrel">Right to Information                                                       </a>
                                                </p>
                                                                                                        <p style="padding-left:5px;">
                                                    <a  target="_blank" href="https://im4change.in/empowerment/social-audit-48.html"
                                                       class="left postionrel">Social Audit                                                       </a>
                                                </p>
                                                                                                
                                              </div> 
                                            
                                                                                        <div class="mega-menu-item">
                                                 <h3><b>Hunger / HDI</b></h3>
                                                                                                    <p style="padding-left:5px;">
                                                    <a  target="_blank" href="https://im4change.in/hunger-hdi/poverty-and-inequality-20499.html"
                                                       class="left postionrel">Poverty and inequality                                                       </a>
                                                </p>
                                                                                                        <p style="padding-left:5px;">
                                                    <a  target="_blank" href="https://im4change.in/hunger-hdi/malnutrition-41.html"
                                                       class="left postionrel">Malnutrition                                                       </a>
                                                </p>
                                                                                                        <p style="padding-left:5px;">
                                                    <a  target="_blank" href="https://im4change.in/hunger-hdi/public-health-51.html"
                                                       class="left postionrel">Public Health                                                       </a>
                                                </p>
                                                                                                        <p style="padding-left:5px;">
                                                    <a  target="_blank" href="https://im4change.in/hunger-hdi/education-50.html"
                                                       class="left postionrel">Education                                                       </a>
                                                </p>
                                                                                                        <p style="padding-left:5px;">
                                                    <a  target="_blank" href="https://im4change.in/hunger-hdi/hunger-overview-40.html"
                                                       class="left postionrel">Hunger Overview                                                       </a>
                                                </p>
                                                                                                        <p style="padding-left:5px;">
                                                    <a  target="_blank" href="https://im4change.in/hunger-hdi/hdi-overview-45.html"
                                                       class="left postionrel">HDI Overview                                                       </a>
                                                </p>
                                                                                                        <p style="padding-left:5px;">
                                                    <a  target="_blank" href="https://im4change.in/hunger-hdi/pds-ration-food-security-42.html"
                                                       class="left postionrel">PDS/ Ration/ Food Security                                                       </a>
                                                </p>
                                                                                                        <p style="padding-left:5px;">
                                                    <a  target="_blank" href="https://im4change.in/hunger-hdi/sdgs-113.html"
                                                       class="left postionrel">SDGs                                                       </a>
                                                </p>
                                                                                                        <p style="padding-left:5px;">
                                                    <a  target="_blank" href="https://im4change.in/hunger-hdi/mid-day-meal-scheme-mdms-53.html"
                                                       class="left postionrel">Mid Day Meal Scheme (MDMS)                                                       </a>
                                                </p>
                                                                                                
                                              </div> 
                                            
                                                                                        <div class="mega-menu-item">
                                                 <h3><b>Environment</b></h3>
                                                                                                    <p style="padding-left:5px;">
                                                    <a  target="_blank" href="https://im4change.in/environment/time-bomb-ticking-52.html"
                                                       class="left postionrel">Time Bomb Ticking                                                       </a>
                                                </p>
                                                                                                        <p style="padding-left:5px;">
                                                    <a  target="_blank" href="https://im4change.in/environment/water-and-sanitation-55.html"
                                                       class="left postionrel">Water and Sanitation                                                       </a>
                                                </p>
                                                                                                        <p style="padding-left:5px;">
                                                    <a  target="_blank" href="https://im4change.in/environment/impact-on-agriculture-54.html"
                                                       class="left postionrel">Impact on Agriculture                                                       </a>
                                                </p>
                                                                                                
                                              </div> 
                                            
                                                                                        <div class="mega-menu-item">
                                                 <h3><b>Law & Justice</b></h3>
                                                                                                    <p style="padding-left:5px;">
                                                    <a  target="_blank" href="https://im4change.in/law-justice/social-justice-20500.html"
                                                       class="left postionrel">Social Justice                                                       </a>
                                                </p>
                                                                                                        <p style="padding-left:5px;">
                                                    <a  target="_blank" href="https://im4change.in/law-justice/access-to-justice-47.html"
                                                       class="left postionrel">Access to Justice                                                       </a>
                                                </p>
                                                                                                        <p style="padding-left:5px;">
                                                    <a  target="_blank" href="https://im4change.in/law-justice/human-rights-56.html"
                                                       class="left postionrel">Human Rights                                                       </a>
                                                </p>
                                                                                                        <p style="padding-left:5px;">
                                                    <a  target="_blank" href="https://im4change.in/law-justice/corruption-35.html"
                                                       class="left postionrel">Corruption                                                       </a>
                                                </p>
                                                                                                        <p style="padding-left:5px;">
                                                    <a  target="_blank" href="https://im4change.in/law-justice/general-insecurity-46.html"
                                                       class="left postionrel">General Insecurity                                                       </a>
                                                </p>
                                                                                                        <p style="padding-left:5px;">
                                                    <a  target="_blank" href="https://im4change.in/law-justice/disaster-relief-49.html"
                                                       class="left postionrel">Disaster &amp; Relief                                                       </a>
                                                </p>
                                                                                                
                                              </div> 
                                            
                                                                                        
                    </div>
                </div>
            </div>
        </li>
        <li class="menu-item  menu-item-type-post_type  menu-item-object-page "><a  target="_blank" href="https://im4change.in/nceus_reports.php">NCEUS reports</a>
            
        </li>
        <li class="menu-item  menu-item-type-custom  menu-item-object-custom  menu-item-has-children parent-list ">
            <a  target="_blank" href="https://im4change.in/about-us-9.html">About Us <span
                    class="sub-indicator"></span></a>
            <ul class="sub-menu aboutmenu">
                <li class="menu-item  menu-item-type-post_type  menu-item-object-page"><a
                        target="_blank" href="https://im4change.in/objectives-8.html">Objectives</a>
                </li>
                <li class="menu-item  menu-item-type-post_type  menu-item-object-page"><a
                         target="_blank" href="https://im4change.in/contactus.php">Contact
                        Us</a></li>
                <li class="menu-item  menu-item-type-post_type  menu-item-object-page"><a
                         target="_blank" href="https://im4change.in/about-us-9.html">About
                        Us</a></li>
            </ul>
        </li>
        <li class="menu-item  menu-item-type-custom  menu-item-object-custom  menu-item-has-children ">
            <a  target="_blank" href="https://im4change.in/fellowships.php" title="Fellowships">Fellowships</a>
        </li>
        <li class="menu-item  menu-item-type-custom  menu-item-object-custom  menu-item-has-children  "><a
                 target="_blank" href="https://im4change.in/media-workshops.php">Workshops</a>
        </li>
        <li class="menu-item  menu-item-type-custom  menu-item-object-custom  menu-item-has-children  "><a
                 target="_blank" href="https://im4change.in/research.php">Research</a></li>
        <li class="menu-item  menu-item-type-custom  menu-item-object-custom  menu-item-has-children   "><a
                 target="_blank" href="https://im4change.in/links-64">Partners</a></li>
        <li class="menu-item  menu-item-type-custom  menu-item-object-custom  menu-item-has-children"
            id="menu-item-539"><a  target="_blank" href="https://im4change.in/hindi/"
                                  class="langbutton langlinkfont17">हिन्दी</a></li>
    </ul>
</div>            </div>


                        <!--  <div style="float: right;">
                            <script async src="https://cse.google.com/cse.js?cx=18b4f2e0f11bed3dd"></script>
                            <div class="gcse-search"></div>
                        </div> -->
                       
            <div class="search-block" style=" margin-left: 8px; margin-right: 7px;">
                <form method="get" id="searchform" name="searchform"
                      action="https://im4change.in/search"
                      onsubmit="return searchvalidate();">
                    <button class="search-button" type="submit" value="Search"></button>
                    <input type="text" id="s" name="qryStr" value=""
                           onfocus="if (this.value == 'Search...') {this.value = '';}"
                           onblur="if (this.value == '') {this.value = 'Search...';}">
                </form>
            </div>
        </nav>
    </header>
    <div class="container">
        <div id="main-content" class=" main1 container fade-in animated3 sidebar-narrow-left">
            <div class="content-wrap">
                <div class="content" style="width: 900px;min-height: 500px;">
                        <div class="background_inner innBack" align="center">
        <img src="https://im4change.in/images/media/im4change_37Image_MMRatio.jpg"
             alt="The country has miles to go in reducing maternal deaths"
             class="box_shadow mt5 imgRes" style="max-width:500px;"/>
    </div>
    <section class="cat-box recent-box innerCatRecent">
    <h1 class="cat-box-title">The country has miles to go in reducing maternal deaths</h1>
    <a href="JavaScript:void(0);" onclick="return shareArticle(40344);">
        <img src="https://im4change.in/images/email.png?1582080630" border="0" width="24" align="right" alt="Share this article"/>    </a>

    <a href="https://im4change.in/news-alerts-57/the-country-has-miles-to-go-in-reducing-maternal-deaths-4688477/print"
       rel="nofollow">
        <img src="https://im4change.in/images/icon-print.png?1582080630" border="0" width="24" align="right" alt="Share this article"/>
    </a>
</section>
<section class="recent-box innerCatRecent">
    <small class="pb-1"><span class="dateIcn">
    	<img src="https://im4change.in/images/published.svg?1582080666" alt="published"/> 
		 Published on</span><span class="text-date"> Nov 20, 2019</span>
        &nbsp; <span
                class="dateIcn">
		 	<img src="https://im4change.in/images/modified.svg?1582080666" alt="modified"/>    	 Modified on </span><span class="text-date"> May 14, 2021</span>
    </small>
</section>
<div class="clear"></div>
<div style="padding-top: 10px;">
    <div class="innerLineHeight">
        <div class="middleContent innerInput news-alerts-57">
            <table>
                <tr>
                    <td>
                                                <div>
                            <p style="text-align:justify">&nbsp;</p><div style="text-align:justify">A high maternal mortality ratio (MMRatio) indicates low status of women in the society apart from poor functioning of the health services delivery system. Recently <a href="https://im4change.in/siteadmin/tinymce/uploaded/MMR_Bulletin%202015-17.pdf" title="https://im4change.in/siteadmin/tinymce/uploaded/MMR_Bulletin%202015-17.pdf">released data by the Sample Registration System (SRS) bulletin</a> indicates that for the country as a whole the MMRatio has steadily declined from 398.0 in 1997-98 to 122.0 in 2015-17, which is <a href="https://im4change.in/siteadmin/tinymce/uploaded/MMRatio%20decline_1.jpg" title="https://im4change.in/siteadmin/tinymce/uploaded/MMRatio%20decline_1.jpg">a fall by -69.3 percent</a>.<br /><br /><span style="background-color:#ffff00">Table-1 shows that India&#39;s MMRatio was 398.0 in 1997-98, 327.0 in 1999-01, 301.0 in 2001-03, 254.0 in 2004-06, 212.0 in 2007-09, 178.0 in 2010-12, 167.0 in 2011-13, 130.0 in 2014-16 and 122.0 in 2015-17.</span> The <a href="https://bit.ly/2MmfuuK" title="https://bit.ly/2MmfuuK">United Nations&#39; Sustainable Development Goals</a> (SDGs), however, require the country to bring down its <a href="https://im4change.in/siteadmin/tinymce/uploaded/SDGs_4.jpg" title="MMRatio SDGs" title="https://im4change.in/siteadmin/tinymce/uploaded/SDGs_4.jpg" title="MMRatio SDGs">MMRatio to 70 maternal deaths per lakh live births</a> by the year 2030.<br /><br /><span style="background-color:#ffff00">During 2015-17, the lowest MMRatio was found in Kerala (42.0), followed by Maharashtra (55.0) and Tamil Nadu (63.0). Assam (229.0) had the highest MMRatio, followed by Uttar Pradesh (216.0) and Madhya Pradesh (188.0).</span><br /><br />Although India&#39;s MMRatio <a href="https://im4change.in/siteadmin/tinymce/uploaded/MMRatio%20decline_1.jpg" title="MMRatio decline_1" title="https://im4change.in/siteadmin/tinymce/uploaded/MMRatio%20decline_1.jpg" title="MMRatio decline_1">has declined by -6.2 percent</a> between 2014-16 and 2015-17, it went down by <a href="https://im4change.in/siteadmin/tinymce/uploaded/MMRatio%20decline_1.jpg" title="https://im4change.in/siteadmin/tinymce/uploaded/MMRatio%20decline_1.jpg">-22.2 percent between 2011-13 and 2014-16</a> <em>(viz. a fall by -7.4 percent a year on average)</em>. Please consult table-1.<br /><br />It may be noted that since 1997-98 the government was clubbing together the MMRatio data for Bihar and Jharkhand as well as Madhya Pradesh and Chhattisgarh. It was even combining the data for Uttar Pradesh and Uttaranchal/ Uttarakhand. However, the MMRatio data for these states has been provided on an individual basis in 2015-17. Therefore, it is not possible to compare the current version of the data with previous years and present the trends in MMRatio for these states.<br /><br />Table-1 indicates that Kerala witnessed <a href="https://im4change.in/siteadmin/tinymce/uploaded/MMRatio%20decline_1.jpg" title="https://im4change.in/siteadmin/tinymce/uploaded/MMRatio%20decline_1.jpg">a fall in MMRatio by -72.0 percent</a> between 1997-98 and 2015-17. <a href="https://im4change.org/latest-news-updates/kerala039s-maternal-mortality-rate-drops-to-46-govt-aims-30-by-2020-vishnu-varma-4684853.html" title="https://im4change.org/latest-news-updates/kerala039s-maternal-mortality-rate-drops-to-46-govt-aims-30-by-2020-vishnu-varma-4684853.html">Experts</a> think that the state&#39;s better health infrastructure, improvement in delivery care facilities <em>(including hospital deliveries) </em>and betterment of nutritional level among pregnant women may have contributed towards Kerala&#39;s low MMRatio over the years vis-&agrave;-vis other states.</div><div style="text-align:justify">&nbsp;</div><div style="text-align:justify">MMRatio for West Bengal came down from 303.0 to 94.0 between 1997-98 and 2015-17 viz. <a href="https://im4change.in/siteadmin/tinymce/uploaded/MMRatio%20decline_1.jpg" title="https://im4change.in/siteadmin/tinymce/uploaded/MMRatio%20decline_1.jpg">a fall by -69.0 percent</a>. Kindly see table-1.<br /><br /><strong>Table 1: Maternal Mortality Ratio, India and Bigger States, 1997-1998 to 2015-17</strong><br /><br /><img alt="Table 1 Maternal Mortality Ratio, India and Bigger State 1997-1998 to 2015-17" src="https://im4change.in/siteadmin/tinymce/uploaded/Table%201%20Maternal%20Mortality%20Ratio,%20India%20and%20Bigger%20State%201997-1998%20to%202015-17.jpg" style="height:662px; width:842px" /><br /><em><strong>Source:</strong> Sample Registration System, Office of the Registrar General &amp; Census Commissioner, India, please <a href="http://www.censusindia.gov.in/2011-Common/Sample_Registration_System.html" title="http://www.censusindia.gov.in/2011-Common/Sample_Registration_System.html">click here</a> to access&nbsp; </em><br />---<br /><br /><span style="background-color:#ffff00"><a href="https://im4change.in/siteadmin/tinymce/uploaded/MMR_2010-12-Report_Pres_19.12.2013_2.ppt" title="https://im4change.in/siteadmin/tinymce/uploaded/MMR_2010-12-Report_Pres_19.12.2013_2.ppt">According to the SRS</a>, the MMRatio refers to the number of women who die as a result of complications of pregnancy or childbearing in a given year per 100,000 live births in that year.</span><br />&nbsp;</div><div style="text-align:justify">From the table-1, it is observed that almost for all the years, altogether the southern states <em>(viz. Andhra Pradesh, Telangana, Karnataka, Kerala and Tamil Nadu)</em> have exhibited a lower MMRatio vis-&agrave;-vis the 8 Empowered Action Group (EAG) states <em>(viz. Bihar, Jharkhand, Uttar Pradesh, Uttarakhand, Madhya Pradesh, Chhattisgarh, Orissa and Rajasthan)</em> and also Assam.<br /><br />The decline in MMRatio has been most significant in EAG states and Assam from 188 to 175 between 2014-16 and 2015-17 <em>(viz. <a href="https://im4change.in/siteadmin/tinymce/uploaded/MMRatio%20decline_1.jpg" title="https://im4change.in/siteadmin/tinymce/uploaded/MMRatio%20decline_1.jpg">by -6.9 percent</a>)</em>. Among the southern states, the fall between these two time points has been from 77 to 72 <em>(viz. by <a href="https://im4change.in/siteadmin/tinymce/uploaded/MMRatio%20decline_1.jpg" title="https://im4change.in/siteadmin/tinymce/uploaded/MMRatio%20decline_1.jpg">-6.5 percent</a>)</em> and in the &#39;Other sub-total&#39; from 93 to 90 <em>(viz. <a href="https://im4change.in/siteadmin/tinymce/uploaded/MMRatio%20decline_1.jpg" title="https://im4change.in/siteadmin/tinymce/uploaded/MMRatio%20decline_1.jpg">by -3.2 percent</a>)</em>.<br /><br />It could be further seen that from 1999-2001 onwards among the group sub-totals, the MMRatio was the highest for &lsquo;EAG and Assam sub-total&rsquo;, followed by &lsquo;Other sub-total&rsquo; <em>(comprising the states of Gujarat, Haryana, Maharashtra, Punjab, West Bengal and other states)</em> and &#39;South sub-total&#39;.<br /><br />An international report entitled <em><a href="https://im4change.org/empowerment/gender-3280.html?pgno=2#trends-in-maternal-mortality-2000-to-2017-estimates-by-who-unicef-world-bank-groups-and-the-united-nations-population-division-released-in-september-2019" title="https://im4change.org/empowerment/gender-3280.html?pgno=2#trends-in-maternal-mortality-2000-to-2017-estimates-by-who-unicef-world-bank-groups-and-the-united-nations-population-division-released-in-september-2019">Trends in Maternal Mortality 2000 to 2017</a>: Estimates by WHO, UNICEF, UNFPA, World Bank Group and the United Nations Population Division</em>, published recently, finds that Nigeria and India had the highest estimated numbers of maternal deaths, accounting for approximately one-third <em>(35 percent)</em> of estimated global maternal deaths in 2017, with approximately 67,000 and 35,000 maternal deaths <em>(23 percent and 12 percent of global maternal deaths)</em>, respectively. That report also shows that <a href="https://lnkd.in/fNTF8SH" title="https://lnkd.in/fNTF8SH">MMRatio for the country (modelled estimate)</a> was <a href="https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/SH.STA.MMRT?locations=IN-BD-CN-8S&amp;fbclid=IwAR3VOsjL1HO25zn7NBsENDJHR_N5vCiiLP2Kb7vIEczjCRsj-VStl-J8EiY" title="https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/SH.STA.MMRT?locations=IN-BD-CN-8S&amp;fbclid=IwAR3VOsjL1HO25zn7NBsENDJHR_N5vCiiLP2Kb7vIEczjCRsj-VStl-J8EiY">370 in 2000</a>, <a href="https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/SH.STA.MMRT?locations=IN-BD-CN-8S&amp;fbclid=IwAR3VOsjL1HO25zn7NBsENDJHR_N5vCiiLP2Kb7vIEczjCRsj-VStl-J8EiY" title="https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/SH.STA.MMRT?locations=IN-BD-CN-8S&amp;fbclid=IwAR3VOsjL1HO25zn7NBsENDJHR_N5vCiiLP2Kb7vIEczjCRsj-VStl-J8EiY">286 in 2005</a>, <a href="https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/SH.STA.MMRT?locations=IN-BD-CN-8S&amp;fbclid=IwAR3VOsjL1HO25zn7NBsENDJHR_N5vCiiLP2Kb7vIEczjCRsj-VStl-J8EiY" title="https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/SH.STA.MMRT?locations=IN-BD-CN-8S&amp;fbclid=IwAR3VOsjL1HO25zn7NBsENDJHR_N5vCiiLP2Kb7vIEczjCRsj-VStl-J8EiY">210 in 2010</a>, <a href="https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/SH.STA.MMRT?locations=IN-BD-CN-8S&amp;fbclid=IwAR3VOsjL1HO25zn7NBsENDJHR_N5vCiiLP2Kb7vIEczjCRsj-VStl-J8EiY" title="https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/SH.STA.MMRT?locations=IN-BD-CN-8S&amp;fbclid=IwAR3VOsjL1HO25zn7NBsENDJHR_N5vCiiLP2Kb7vIEczjCRsj-VStl-J8EiY">158 in 2015</a> and <a href="https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/SH.STA.MMRT?locations=IN-BD-CN-8S&amp;fbclid=IwAR3VOsjL1HO25zn7NBsENDJHR_N5vCiiLP2Kb7vIEczjCRsj-VStl-J8EiY" title="https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/SH.STA.MMRT?locations=IN-BD-CN-8S&amp;fbclid=IwAR3VOsjL1HO25zn7NBsENDJHR_N5vCiiLP2Kb7vIEczjCRsj-VStl-J8EiY">145 in 2017</a>.<br /><br />Readers may note that the SRS is the largest demographic sample survey in the country, which is conducted by the Office of the Registrar General, India of the Ministry of Home Affairs.<br /><br />A <a href="https://pib.gov.in/newsite/PrintRelease.aspx?relid=179837" title="https://pib.gov.in/newsite/PrintRelease.aspx?relid=179837">press release</a> by the Ministry of Health and Family Welfare dated 6th June, 2018 says that initiatives like Mission Indradhanush and Intensified Mission Indradhanush in the low performing states have helped in reducing MMRatio. Other initiatives under the umbrella of <a href="http://nhm.gov.in/" title="http://nhm.gov.in/">National Health Mission</a> (NHM) like augmentation of infrastructure and Human Resources, Capacity Building and <a href="https://www.nhp.gov.in/janani-shishu-suraksha-karyakaram-jssk_pg" title="https://www.nhp.gov.in/janani-shishu-suraksha-karyakaram-jssk_pg">Janani Shishu Suraksha Karyakaram</a> (JSSK), which provides for free transport and care for pregnant women may have also helped in reducing MMRatio.<br /><br />The <a href="https://im4change.in/siteadmin/tinymce/uploaded/MMR_Bulletin%202015-17.pdf" title="https://im4change.in/siteadmin/tinymce/uploaded/MMR_Bulletin%202015-17.pdf">recently released bulletin</a> says that verbal autopsy instruments are administered for the deaths reported under the SRS on a regular basis to yield cause-specific mortality profile in the country.<br /><br />The website of MeasureEvaluation (<a href="https://bit.ly/2t3f8kF" title="https://bit.ly/2t3f8kF">https://bit.ly/2t3f8kF</a>) -- a partnership involving more than 5 organisations including the US Agency for International Development (USAID) --&nbsp; says that it is difficult to investigate maternal deaths because of the comparative rarity of such deaths on a population basis, apart from other context-specific factors, such as reluctance to report abortion-related deaths, problems of memory recall, or lack of medical attribution. If there is a significantly large population of non-users of health services, then it would not be prudent to rely heavily on health services data on MMRatio. Inaccuracies in routine registers and omission of deaths occurring outside maternity wards may also add to the problems related to using such health services information extensively.<br /><br />Instead of a precise measure, MMRatios broadly indicate the level of maternal mortality because of the limitations inherent in most measurement methods. In order to know more about MMRatio, please go to <a href="https://bit.ly/2t3f8kF" title="https://bit.ly/2t3f8kF">https://bit.ly/2t3f8kF</a>.<br /><br /><strong>Maternal Mortality Rate</strong><br /><br /><span style="background-color:#ffff00"><a href="https://im4change.in/siteadmin/tinymce/uploaded/MMR_2010-12-Report_Pres_19.12.2013_2.ppt" title="https://im4change.in/siteadmin/tinymce/uploaded/MMR_2010-12-Report_Pres_19.12.2013_2.ppt">According to the SRS</a>, maternal mortality rate (MMR) is defined as the number of maternal deaths to women in the ages 15-49 per lakh of women in that age group.</span><br /><br /><span style="background-color:#ffff00">From table-2, it is observed that India&#39;s MMR as a whole has fallen from 11.7 in 2011-13 to 8.8 in 2014-16, and further to 8.1 in 2015-17.</span><br /><br /><strong>Table 2: Maternal Mortality Rate, India and Bigger States, 2011-13 to 2015-17</strong><br /><br /><img alt="Table 2 Maternal Mortality Rate India and Bigger States 2011-13 to 2015-17" src="https://im4change.in/siteadmin/tinymce/uploaded/Table%202%20Maternal%20Mortality%20Rate%20India%20and%20Bigger%20States%202011-13%20to%202015-17.jpg" style="height:649px; width:495px" /><br /><br /><em><strong>Source:</strong> Sample Registration System, Office of the Registrar General &amp; Census Commissioner, India, please <a href="http://www.censusindia.gov.in/2011-Common/Sample_Registration_System.html" title="http://www.censusindia.gov.in/2011-Common/Sample_Registration_System.html">click here</a> to access</em>&nbsp;<br />---<br /><br /><span style="background-color:#ffff00">Kerala (1.9) had the lowest MMR in 2015-17, followed by Maharashtra (3.3) and Andhra Pradesh (3.6). Uttar Pradesh (20.1) had the highest MMR in 2015-17, followed by Madhya Pradesh (17.5) and Bihar (16.9). </span><br /><br />It is impossible to compare the current version of the data with previous years and present the trends in MMR for the&nbsp; states of Bihar, Jharkhand, Madhya Pradesh, Chhattisgarh, Uttar Pradesh and Uttaranchal/ Uttarakhand. Please check table-2.<br /><br />The decline in MMR has been most significant in southern states from 4.7 to 4.2 between 2014-16 and 2015-17 <em>(viz. <a href="https://im4change.in/siteadmin/tinymce/uploaded/Fall%20in%20Maternal%20Mortality%20Rate.jpg" title="Fall in Maternal Mortality Rate" title="https://im4change.in/siteadmin/tinymce/uploaded/Fall%20in%20Maternal%20Mortality%20Rate.jpg" title="Fall in Maternal Mortality Rate">by -10.6 percent</a>)</em>. Among the EAG states and Assam, the fall between these two points has been from 16.0 to 14.6 <em>(viz. <a href="https://im4change.in/siteadmin/tinymce/uploaded/Fall%20in%20Maternal%20Mortality%20Rate.jpg" title="Fall in Maternal Mortality Rate" title="https://im4change.in/siteadmin/tinymce/uploaded/Fall%20in%20Maternal%20Mortality%20Rate.jpg" title="Fall in Maternal Mortality Rate">by -8.8 percent</a>)</em> and in the &#39;Other sub-total&#39; from 5.4 to 5.1 <em>(viz. <a href="https://im4change.in/siteadmin/tinymce/uploaded/Fall%20in%20Maternal%20Mortality%20Rate.jpg" title="Fall in Maternal Mortality Rate" title="https://im4change.in/siteadmin/tinymce/uploaded/Fall%20in%20Maternal%20Mortality%20Rate.jpg" title="Fall in Maternal Mortality Rate">by -5.6 percent</a>)</em>.<br /><br />Among the sub-group totals, MMR was the highest for &lsquo;EAG and Assam sub-total&rsquo; <em>(comprising Assam, Bihar, Jharkhand, Madhya Pradesh, Chhattisgarh, Odisha, Rajasthan, Uttar Pradesh and Uttaranchal/ Uttarakhand)</em> in 2011-13, 2014-16 and 2015-17, followed by &lsquo;Other sub-total&rsquo; <em>(comprising Gujarat, Haryana, Maharashtra, Punjab, West Bengal and other states)</em> and &#39;South sub-total&#39; <em>(comprising Andhra Pradesh, Telangana, Karnataka, Kerala and Tamil Nadu)</em>.<br /><br /><strong>How is Maternal Mortality Ratio different from Maternal Mortality Rate?</strong><br /><br />Often researchers and media persons are found to use the terms maternal mortality ratio (MMRatio) and maternal mortality rate (MMR) interchangeably to mean the number of maternal deaths per 100,000 live births. However, as per the World Health Organization (WHO), the <a href="https://www.pop.org/definitions-of-maternal-mortality/#_edn1" title="https://www.pop.org/definitions-of-maternal-mortality/#_edn1">two are different concepts</a>. MMRatio viz. the number of maternal deaths per 100,000 live births, is a measure of the <a href="https://www.pop.org/definitions-of-maternal-mortality/" title="https://www.pop.org/definitions-of-maternal-mortality/">risk of death once a woman has become pregnant</a>. In order to understand the concept of MMRatio, please <a href="https://www.pop.org/definitions-of-maternal-mortality/#_edn1" title="https://www.pop.org/definitions-of-maternal-mortality/#_edn1">consider this example</a>. There is a village that has 1,000 people. Twenty women in that village become pregnant. There is miscarriage of 5 babies. Fifteen women give birth to 15 live babies. Five women who gave birth die due to complications in the pregnancy. In this case the MMRatio is 5 maternal deaths out of 15 live births, which is 33.3 percent.<br /><br />As opposed to MMRatio, MMR is the number of maternal deaths <em>(direct and indirect)</em> in a given period per 100,000 women of reproductive age <em>(15-49 years)</em> during the same time period. In order to understand the concept of MMR, kindly <a href="https://www.pop.org/definitions-of-maternal-mortality/#_edn1" title="https://www.pop.org/definitions-of-maternal-mortality/#_edn1">consider this example</a>. There is a village that has 1,000 people. There are 500 women, out of which 400 women belong to the reproductive age. Last year, 15 women gave birth to fifteen live babies. Five women died due to complications in the pregnancy. The MMR, therefore, is 5 maternal deaths out of 400 women of reproductive age, which is 1.25 percent.<br /><br /><br /><strong><em>References</em></strong></div><div><p style="text-align:justify"><br />Special Bulletin on Maternal Mortality in India 2015-17, released in November, 2019, Sample Registration System, Office of the Registrar General, India, please <a href="https://im4change.in/siteadmin/tinymce/uploaded/MMR_Bulletin%202015-17.pdf" title="MMR_Bulletin 2015-17" title="https://im4change.in/siteadmin/tinymce/uploaded/MMR_Bulletin%202015-17.pdf" title="MMR_Bulletin 2015-17">click here</a> to access<br /><br />Trends in Maternal Mortality 2000 to 2017: Estimates by WHO, UNICEF, World Bank Groups and the United Nations Population Division, released in September 2019, World Halth Orgnization (WHO), United Nations Children&#39;s Fund (UNICEF), World Bank Groups, United Nations Population Fund (UNFPA) and the United Nations Population Division, please <a href="https://im4change.org/empowerment/gender-3280.html?pgno=2#trends-in-maternal-mortality-2000-to-2017-estimates-by-who-unicef-world-bank-groups-and-the-united-nations-population-division-released-in-september-2019" title="https://im4change.org/empowerment/gender-3280.html?pgno=2#trends-in-maternal-mortality-2000-to-2017-estimates-by-who-unicef-world-bank-groups-and-the-united-nations-population-division-released-in-september-2019">click here</a> to access&nbsp;<br /><br />Special Bulletin on Maternal Mortality in India 2014-16, released in May, 2018, Sample Registration System, Office of the Registrar General, India, please <a href="https://im4change.in/siteadmin/tinymce/uploaded/MMR%20Bulletin-2014-16.pdf" title="https://im4change.in/siteadmin/tinymce/uploaded/MMR%20Bulletin-2014-16.pdf">click here</a> to access&nbsp;<br /><br />Special Bulletin on Maternal Mortality in India 2011-13, Sample Registration System, Office of the Registrar General, India, please <a href="https://im4change.in/siteadmin/tinymce/uploaded/mmr_bulletin_2011-13.pdf" title="https://im4change.in/siteadmin/tinymce/uploaded/mmr_bulletin_2011-13.pdf">click here</a> to access&nbsp;<br /><br />Compendium of India&#39;s Fertility and Mortality Indicators, 1971-2013, Sample Registration System, Office of the Registrar General, India, please <a href="http://www.censusindia.gov.in/vital_statistics/Compendium/00-Ind.XLS" title="http://www.censusindia.gov.in/vital_statistics/Compendium/00-Ind.XLS">click here</a> and <a href="https://im4change.in/siteadmin/tinymce/uploaded/Copy%20of%2000%20Ind%20trends%20in%20PDF.pdf" title="Copy of 00 Ind trends in PDF" title="https://im4change.in/siteadmin/tinymce/uploaded/Copy%20of%2000%20Ind%20trends%20in%20PDF.pdf" title="Copy of 00 Ind trends in PDF">here</a> to access&nbsp;<br /><br />Sample Registration System, Office of the Registrar General &amp; Census Commissioner, India, please <a href="http://www.censusindia.gov.in/2011-Common/Sample_Registration_System.html" title="http://www.censusindia.gov.in/2011-Common/Sample_Registration_System.html">click here</a> to access<br /><br />A Presentation on Maternal Mortality Levels (2010-12), please <a href="http://www.censusindia.gov.in/vital_statistics/SRS_Bulletins/MMR_2010-12-Report_Pres_19.12.2013.ppt" title="http://www.censusindia.gov.in/vital_statistics/SRS_Bulletins/MMR_2010-12-Report_Pres_19.12.2013.ppt">click here</a> to access<br /><br />Maternal mortality ratio (MMR), Family Planning and Reproductive Health Indicators Database, please <a href="https://www.measureevaluation.org/prh/rh_indicators/womens-health/sm/maternal-mortality-ratio-mmr" title="https://www.measureevaluation.org/prh/rh_indicators/womens-health/sm/maternal-mortality-ratio-mmr">click here</a> to access<br /><br />India shows impressive gains in reduction of Maternal Mortality with 22% reduction since 2013, Press Information Bureau, Ministry of Health and Family Welfare, dated 6 June, 2018, please <a href="http://pib.nic.in/newsite/PrintRelease.aspx?relid=179837" title="http://pib.nic.in/newsite/PrintRelease.aspx?relid=179837">click here</a> to access&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<br /><br />Shri JP Nadda highlights the achievements of the Health Ministry, Press Information Bureau, Ministry of Health and Family Welfare, dated 11 June 2018 please <a href="http://pib.nic.in/newsite/PrintRelease.aspx?relid=179896" title="http://pib.nic.in/newsite/PrintRelease.aspx?relid=179896">click here</a> to access&nbsp;</p><div style="text-align:justify">&nbsp;</div></div><div style="text-align:justify">Monitoring Health in the Sustainable Development Goals: 2017, World Health Organization, Regional Office for South East Asia, as quoted in the National Health Profile 2018, page no. 288, please <a href="https://bit.ly/2MmfuuK" title="https://bit.ly/2MmfuuK">click here</a> to access&nbsp;</div><div style="text-align:justify"><br />Maternal mortality ratio is falling but more effort required to catch up with China, News alert by Inclusive Media for Change dated 12 June, 2018, please <a href="https://im4change.org/news-alerts/maternal-mortality-ratio-is-falling-but-more-effort-required-to-catch-up-with-china-4684850.html" title="https://im4change.org/news-alerts/maternal-mortality-ratio-is-falling-but-more-effort-required-to-catch-up-with-china-4684850.html">click here</a> to access&nbsp;<br /><br />The drop in the maternal mortality ratio is just the first step, The Telegraph, 18 November, 2019, please <a href="https://im4change.org/latest-news-updates/the-drop-in-the-maternal-mortality-ratio-is-just-the-first-step-4688467.html" title="https://im4change.org/latest-news-updates/the-drop-in-the-maternal-mortality-ratio-is-just-the-first-step-4688467.html">click here</a> to access<br /><br />Explained -- Maternal mortality rate in the states: Assam 229, Kerala 42, The Indian Express, 9 November, 2019, please <a href="https://im4change.org/latest-news-updates/explained-maternal-mortality-rate-in-the-states-assam-229-kerala-42-4688435.html" title="https://im4change.org/latest-news-updates/explained-maternal-mortality-rate-in-the-states-assam-229-kerala-42-4688435.html">click here</a> to access&nbsp;<br /><br />India losing fewer mothers to childbirth, data reveal, The Hindu Business Line, 8 November, 2019, please <a href="https://im4change.org/latest-news-updates/india-losing-fewer-mothers-to-childbirth-data-reveal-4688414.html" title="https://im4change.org/latest-news-updates/india-losing-fewer-mothers-to-childbirth-data-reveal-4688414.html">click here</a> to access&nbsp;<br /><br />Maternal death rate declining: report -Afshan Yasmeen, The Hindu, 8 November, 2019, please <a href="https://im4change.org/latest-news-updates/maternal-death-rate-declining-report-afshan-yasmeen-4688432.html" title="https://im4change.org/latest-news-updates/maternal-death-rate-declining-report-afshan-yasmeen-4688432.html">click here</a> to access<br /><br />Kerala&#39;s maternal mortality rate drops to 46, govt aims 30 by 2020 -Vishnu Varma, The Indian Express, 7 June, 2018, please <a href="https://im4change.org/latest-news-updates/kerala039s-maternal-mortality-rate-drops-to-46-govt-aims-30-by-2020-vishnu-varma-4684853.html" title="https://im4change.org/latest-news-updates/kerala039s-maternal-mortality-rate-drops-to-46-govt-aims-30-by-2020-vishnu-varma-4684853.html">click here</a> to access&nbsp;<br /><br /><br /><strong>Image Courtesy: UNDP India</strong></div>                                                           
                        </div>
                    </td>
                </tr>
            </table>
        </div>
    </div>
</div>
<div class="clear"></div>
        <div style="padding-top: 18px;">
        <p class="post-tag">Tagged with:
                            <a class="tagcloud5"
                   href="https://im4change.in/search?qryStr=maternal deaths"
                   title="maternal deaths">
                    maternal deaths                </a>
                                <a class="tagcloud5"
                   href="https://im4change.in/search?qryStr=maternal mortality"
                   title="maternal mortality">
                    maternal mortality                </a>
                                <a class="tagcloud5"
                   href="https://im4change.in/search?qryStr=maternal mortality rate"
                   title="maternal mortality rate">
                    maternal mortality rate                </a>
                                <a class="tagcloud5"
                   href="https://im4change.in/search?qryStr=maternal mortality ratio"
                   title="maternal mortality ratio">
                    maternal mortality ratio                </a>
                        </p>
    </div>
<div class="clear"></div>
    <br><br>
    <div class="widget-top">
        <h4>Related Articles</h4>
        <div class="stripe-line"></div>
    </div>
    <div class="widget-container">
        <ul id="recentcomments">
                            <li class="recentcomments">
                    <a href="https://im4change.in/latest-news-updates/data-shows-maternal-mortality-rate-in-west-bengal-rise-above-national-average-subhajoy-roy.html"
                       title="Data shows maternal mortality rate in West Bengal rise above national average -Subhajoy Roy">
                        Data shows maternal mortality rate in West Bengal rise above national average -Subhajoy Roy                    </a>
                </li>
                                <li class="recentcomments">
                    <a href="https://im4change.in/latest-news-updates/india-shows-progress-on-maternal-mortality-gs-mudur.html"
                       title="India shows progress on maternal mortality -GS Mudur">
                        India shows progress on maternal mortality -GS Mudur                    </a>
                </li>
                                <li class="recentcomments">
                    <a href="https://im4change.in/latest-news-updates/india-improves-maternal-mortality-ratio-but-poorer-states-yet-to-make-progress-taran-deol.html"
                       title="India improves maternal mortality ratio, but poorer states yet to make progress -Taran Deol">
                        India improves maternal mortality ratio, but poorer states yet to make progress -Taran Deol                    </a>
                </li>
                                <li class="recentcomments">
                    <a href="https://im4change.in/latest-news-updates/maternal-mortality-ratio-reduces-to-97-in-2018-20-from-130-in-2014-16-says-mandaviya.html"
                       title="Maternal mortality ratio reduces to 97 in 2018-20 from 130 in 2014-16, says Mandaviya">
                        Maternal mortality ratio reduces to 97 in 2018-20 from 130 in 2014-16, says Mandaviya                    </a>
                </li>
                                <li class="recentcomments">
                    <a href="https://im4change.in/latest-news-updates/india-s-abortion-law-seems-liberal-but-is-driven-by-a-population-control-logic-not-women-s-rights-mytheli-sreenivas.html"
                       title="India’s abortion law seems liberal but is driven by a population control logic – not women’s rights -Mytheli Sreenivas">
                        India’s abortion law seems liberal but is driven by a population control logic – not women’s rights -Mytheli Sreenivas                    </a>
                </li>
                
        </ul>
    </div>
    <div class="comment-respond" id="respond">
    <a name="commentbox">&nbsp;</a>
    <h3 class="comment-reply-title" id="reply-title">Write Comments</h3>
    <form method="post" accept-charset="utf-8" role="form" action="/news-alerts-57/the-country-has-miles-to-go-in-reducing-maternal-deaths-4688477.html"><div style="display:none;"><input type="hidden" name="_method" value="POST"/></div>    <form class="comment-form" id="commentform" method="post" action="#commentbox" onSubmit="return validate()"
          name="cmtform">
        <input type="hidden" name="cmttype" value="articlecmt"/>
        <input type="hidden" name="article_id" value="40344"/>
        <p class="comment-notes">Your email address will not be published. Required fields are marked <span
                    class="required">*</span></p>
                <p class="comment-form-author">
            <label for="commenterName">Name</label>
            <span class="required">*</span>
            <input type="text" aria-required="true" size="30"
                   value=""
                   name="commenterName" id="commenterName" required="true">
        </p>
        <p class="comment-form-email">
            <label for="commenterEmail">Email</label> <span class="required">*</span>
            <input aria-required="true" size="30" name="commenterEmail" id="commenterEmail" type="email"
                   value=""
                   required="true">
        </p>
        <p class="comment-form-contact">
            <label for="commenterPh">Contact No.</label>
            <input type="text" size="30"
                   value=""
                   name="commenterPh" id="commenterPh">
        </p>
        <p class="comment-form-comment">
            <label for="comment">Comment</label>
            <textarea aria-required="true" required="true" rows="8" cols="45" name="comment"
                      id="comment"></textarea>
        </p>
        <p class="comment-form-comment">
            <label for="comment">Type the characters you see in the image below <span class="required">*</span><br><img
                        class="captchaImg"
                        src="https://im4change.in/securimage_show_art.php?tk=1081776014" alt="captcha"/>
            </label>
        </p>
        <input type="text" name="vrcode" required="true"/>

        <p class="form-submit" style="width: 200px;">
            <input type="submit" value="Post Comment" id="submit" name="submit">
        </p></form>
</div>
<style>
    .ui-widget-content {
        height: auto !important;
    }
</style>
<div id="share-modal"></div>
<style>
    .middleContent a{
        background-color: rgba(108,172,228,.2);
    }
    .middleContent a:hover{
        background-color: #418fde;
        border-color: #418fde;
        color: #000;
        }
</style>
<script>
    function shareArticle(article_id) {
        var options = {
            modal: true,
            height: 'auto',
            width: 600 + 'px'
        };
        $('#share-modal').html("");
        $('#share-modal').load('https://im4change.in/share_article?article_id=' + article_id).dialog(options).dialog('open');
    }

    function postShare() {
        var param = 'article_id=' + $("#article_id").val();
        param = param + '&y_name=' + $("#y_name").val();
        param = param + '&y_email=' + $("#y_email").val();
        param = param + '&f_name=' + $("#f_name").val();
        param = param + '&f_email=' + $("#f_email").val();
        param = param + '&y_msg=' + $("#y_msg").val();

        $.ajax({
            type: "POST",
            url: 'https://im4change.in/post_share_article',
            data: param,
            success: function (response) {
                $('#share-modal').html("Thank You, Your message posted to ");
            }
        });
        return false;
    }
</script>                </div>
            </div>
            <!-- Right Side Section Start -->
<!-- MAP Section START -->
<aside class="sidebar indexMarg">
    <div class="ad-cell">
        <a href="https://im4change.in/statemap.php" title="">
            <img src="https://im4change.in/images/map_new_version.png?1582080666" alt="India State Map" class="indiamap" width="232" height="252"/>        </a>
        <div class="rightmapbox">
            <div id="sideOne" class="docltitle"><a href="https://im4change.in/state-report/india/36" target="_blank">DOCUMENTS/
                    REPORTS</a></div>
            <div id="sideTwo" class="statetitle"><a href="https://im4change.in/states.php"target="_blank">STATE DATA/
                    HDRs.</a></div>
        </div>
        <div class="widget widgePadTop"></div>
    </div>
</aside>
<!-- MAP Section END -->
<aside class="sidebar sidePadbottom">
    <div class="rightsmlbox1" >
        <a href="https://im4change.in/knowledge_gateway" target="_blank" style="color: #035588;
    font-size: 17px;">
            KNOWLEDGE GATEWAY
        </a>
    </div>
    <div class="rightsmlbox1">

        <div>
            <p class="rightsmlbox1_title">
                <a href="https://im4change.in/newsletter" target="_blank">
                    NEWSLETTER
                </a>
            </p>
        </div>
    </div>
        <div class="rightsmlbox1" style="height: 325px;">
        <div>
            <p class="rightsmlbox1_title">
                Interview with Prof. Ravi Srivastava
            </p>
            <p class="rightsmlbox1_title">
                <a href="https://im4change.in/video/interview-with-prof-ravi-srivastava-on-current-economic-crisis">
                <img width="250" height="200" src="/images/interview_video_home.jpg" alt="Interview with Prof. Ravi Srivastava"/>
                </a>
                <!--
                <iframe width="250" height="200" src="https://www.youtube.com/embed/MmaTlntk-wc" frameborder="0" allow="accelerometer; autoplay; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture" allowfullscreen=""></iframe>-->
               
            </p>
            <a href="https://im4change.in/videogallery" class="more-link CatArchalAnch1" target="_blank">
                                More videos
                            </a>
        </div>
    </div>
    
        <div class="rightsmlbox1">
        <div>
            <!--div id="sstory" class="rightboxicons"></div--->
            <p class="rightsmlbox1_title"><a href="https://im4change.in/list-success-stories"  target="_blank">Success Stories</a></p>
        </div>
    </div>
    <div class="rightsmlbox1">
        <div>
            <p class="rightsmlbox1_title"><a
                        href="https://im4change.in/interviews"  target="_blank">Interviews</a>
            </p>
        </div>
    </div>

    <div class="rightsmlbox1">
        <div>
            <p class="rightsmlbox1_title"><a href="https://www.commoncause.in/page.php?id=10" >Donate</a></p>
        </div>
    </div>
    <div class="rightsmlbox1">
        <div>
            <p class="rightsmlbox1_title"><a
        href="https://im4change.in/marquee"
        class="isf_link more-link" title="India Focus?" style="border: 4px solid #fdd922;width: 90%;background-color: #fdd922;text-align: center;color: #000000;font-size:18px"  target="_blank">India Focus</a></p>        </div>
    </div>

    <div class="rightsmlbox1" style="height: 104px !important;">
        <a href="https://im4change.in/quarterly_reports.php" target="_blank">
            Quarterly Reports on Effect of Economic Slowdown on Employment in India (2008 - 2015)
        </a>
    </div>
    
<!--     <div class="rightsmlbox1">
        <a href="https://play.google.com/store/apps/details?id=com.im4.im4change" target="_blank">
            
        </a></div> -->
    <!-- <section class="cat-box recent-box secMarg">
        <h2 class="cat-box-title">Most Visited</h2>
    </section> -->
    <!-- accordion Starts here -->
    <!-- <div id="accordion" class="accordMarg">
            </div> -->
    <!-- accordion ends here -->
    <!-- Widget Tag Cloud Starts here -->
    <div id="tag_cloud-2" class="widget widget_tag_cloud">
        <section class="cat-box recent-box secMarg">
                <h2 class="cat-box-title">MOST VISITED TAGS</h2>
            </section>
        <div class="widget-top wiPdTp">
           
            <div class="stripe-line"></div>
        </div>
        <div class="widget-container">
            <div class="tagcloud">
                                    <a href="https://im4change.in/search?qryStr=Agriculture"
                       target="_blank" class="tag-link-4 font4">Agriculture</a>
                                        <a href="https://im4change.in/search?qryStr=Food Security"
                       target="_blank" class="tag-link-4 font4">Food Security</a>
                                        <a href="https://im4change.in/search?qryStr=Law and Justice"
                       target="_blank" class="tag-link-4 font4">Law and Justice</a>
                                        <a href="https://im4change.in/search?qryStr=Health"
                       target="_blank" class="tag-link-4 font4">Health</a>
                                        <a href="https://im4change.in/search?qryStr=Right to Food"
                       target="_blank" class="tag-link-4 font4">Right to Food</a>
                                        <a href="https://im4change.in/search?qryStr=Corruption"
                       target="_blank" class="tag-link-4 font4">Corruption</a>
                                        <a href="https://im4change.in/search?qryStr=farming"
                       target="_blank" class="tag-link-4 font4">farming</a>
                                        <a href="https://im4change.in/search?qryStr=Environment"
                       target="_blank" class="tag-link-4 font4">Environment</a>
                                        <a href="https://im4change.in/search?qryStr=Right to Information"
                       target="_blank" class="tag-link-4 font4">Right to Information</a>
                                        <a href="https://im4change.in/search?qryStr=NREGS"
                       target="_blank" class="tag-link-4 font4">NREGS</a>
                                        <a href="https://im4change.in/search?qryStr=Human Rights"
                       target="_blank" class="tag-link-4 font4">Human Rights</a>
                                        <a href="https://im4change.in/search?qryStr=Governance"
                       target="_blank" class="tag-link-4 font4">Governance</a>
                                        <a href="https://im4change.in/search?qryStr=PDS"
                       target="_blank" class="tag-link-4 font4">PDS</a>
                                        <a href="https://im4change.in/search?qryStr=COVID-19"
                       target="_blank" class="tag-link-4 font4">COVID-19</a>
                                        <a href="https://im4change.in/search?qryStr=Land Acquisition"
                       target="_blank" class="tag-link-4 font4">Land Acquisition</a>
                                        <a href="https://im4change.in/search?qryStr=mgnrega"
                       target="_blank" class="tag-link-4 font4">mgnrega</a>
                                        <a href="https://im4change.in/search?qryStr=Farmers"
                       target="_blank" class="tag-link-4 font4">Farmers</a>
                                        <a href="https://im4change.in/search?qryStr=transparency"
                       target="_blank" class="tag-link-4 font4">transparency</a>
                                        <a href="https://im4change.in/search?qryStr=Gender"
                       target="_blank" class="tag-link-4 font4">Gender</a>
                                        <a href="https://im4change.in/search?qryStr=Poverty"
                       target="_blank" class="tag-link-4 font4">Poverty</a>
                                    
                                <a href="https://im4change.in/search?qryStr=Farm Laws" target="_blank" class="tag-link-4 font4">Farm Laws
                </a>
                <a href="https://im4change.in/search?qryStr=Citizenship Amendment Act" target="_blank" class="tag-link-4 font4">Citizenship Amendment Act
                </a>
                <a href="https://im4change.in/search?qryStr=CAA NPR NRIC" target="_blank" class="tag-link-4 font4">CAA NPR NRIC
                </a>
                <a href="https://im4change.in/search?qryStr=Job Losses" target="_blank" class="tag-link-4 font4">Job Losses
                </a>
                <a href="https://im4change.in/search?qryStr=Migrant Workers" target="_blank" class="tag-link-4 font4">Migrant Workers
                </a>
                <a href="https://im4change.in/search?qryStr=Unemployment" target="_blank" class="tag-link-4 font4">Unemployment
                </a>
                <a href="https://im4change.in/search?qryStr=PMGKAY" target="_blank" class="tag-link-4 font4">PMGKAY
                </a>
                <a href="https://im4change.in/search?qryStr=PM-KISAN" target="_blank" class="tag-link-4 font4">PM-KISAN
                </a>
                <a href="https://im4change.in/search?qryStr=PM-CARES" target="_blank" class="tag-link-4 font4">PM-CARES
                </a>
                <a href="https://im4change.in/search?qryStr=LFPR" target="_blank" class="tag-link-4 font4">LFPR
                </a>
                
            </div>
        </div>
    </div>
    <!-- Widget Tag Cloud Ends here -->
</aside>
<!-- Right Side Section End -->
        </div>
        <section class="cat-box cats-review-box footerSec">
    <h2 class="cat-box-title vSec CatArcha">Video
        Archives</h2>
    <h2 class="cat-box-title CatArchaTitle">Archives</h2>
    <div class="cat-box-content">
        <div class="reviews-cat">
            <div class="CatArchaDiv1">
                <div class="CatArchaDiv2">
                    <ul>
                                                    <li>
                                <a href="https://im4change.in/news-alerts-57/moving-upstream-luni-fellowship.html"  target="_blank">
                                     Moving Upstream: Luni – Fellowship                                </a>
                            </li>
                                                        <li>
                                <a href="https://im4change.in/news-alerts-57/135-million-indians-exited-multidimensional-poverty-as-per-government-figures-is-that-the-same-as-poverty-reduction.html"  target="_blank">
                                     135 Million Indians Exited “Multidimensional" Poverty as per Government...                                </a>
                            </li>
                                                        <li>
                                <a href="https://im4change.in/news-alerts-57/explainer-why-are-tomato-prices-on-fire.html"  target="_blank">
                                     Explainer: Why are Tomato Prices on Fire?                                </a>
                            </li>
                                                        <li>
                                <a href="https://im4change.in/news-alerts-57/nsso-survey-only-39-1-of-all-households-have-drinking-water-within-dwelling-46-7-of-rural-households-use-firewood-for-cooking.html"  target="_blank">
                                     NSSO Survey: Only 39.1% of all Households have Drinking...                                </a>
                            </li>
                                                    <li class="CatArchalLi1">
                            <a href="https://im4change.in/news-alerts-57"
                               class="more-link CatArchalAnch1"  target="_blank">
                                More...
                            </a>
                        </li>
                    </ul>
                </div>
                                    <div class="CatArchaWidth">
                        <img class="CatArchaImg"
                             src="https://img.youtube.com/vi/I51LYnP8BOk/1.jpg"
                             alt=" Im4Change.org हिंदी वेबसाइट का परिचय. Short Video on im4change.org...">
                        <p class="CatArchaPPad">
                            <a href="https://im4change.in/video/Short-Video-on-im4change-Hindi-website-Inclusive-Media-for-Change"  target="_blank">
                                 Im4Change.org हिंदी वेबसाइट का परिचय. Short Video on im4change.org...                            </a>
                        </p>
                    </div>
                                        <div class="CatArchaWidth">
                        <img class="CatArchaImg"
                             src="https://img.youtube.com/vi/kNqha-SwfIY/1.jpg"
                             alt=" "Session 1: Scope of IDEA and AgriStack" in Exploring...">
                        <p class="CatArchaPPad">
                            <a href="https://im4change.in/video/Session-1- Scope-of-IDEA-and-AgriStack-in-Exploring-Digitalisation-in-Agriculture-29-April-2022"  target="_blank">
                                 "Session 1: Scope of IDEA and AgriStack" in Exploring...                            </a>
                        </p>
                    </div>
                                        <div class="CatArchaWidth">
                        <img class="CatArchaImg"
                             src="https://img.youtube.com/vi/6kIVjlgZItk/1.jpg"
                             alt=" "Session 2: Farmer Centric Digitalisation in Agriculture" in Exploring...">
                        <p class="CatArchaPPad">
                            <a href="https://im4change.in/video/Session-2-Farmer-Centric-Digitalisation-in-Agriculture-in-Exploring-Digitalisation-in-Agriculture-29-April-2022"  target="_blank">
                                 "Session 2: Farmer Centric Digitalisation in Agriculture" in Exploring...                            </a>
                        </p>
                    </div>
                                        <div class="CatArchaWidth">
                        <img class="CatArchaImg"
                             src="https://img.youtube.com/vi/2BeHTu0y7xc/1.jpg"
                             alt=" "Session 3: Future of Digitalisation in Agriculture" in Exploring...">
                        <p class="CatArchaPPad">
                            <a href="https://im4change.in/video/Session-3-Future-of-Digitalisation-in-Agriculture-in-Exploring-Digitalisation-in-Agriculture-29-April-2022"  target="_blank">
                                 "Session 3: Future of Digitalisation in Agriculture" in Exploring...                            </a>
                        </p>
                    </div>
                    


                <div class="divWidth">
                    <ul class="divWidthMarg">
                                                    <li>
                                <a href="https://im4change.in/video/Public-Spending-on-Agriculture-in-India-Source-Foundation-for-Agrarian-Studies"
                                   title="Public Spending on Agriculture in India (Source: Foundation for Agrarian Studies)"  target="_blank">
                                     Public Spending on Agriculture in India (Source: Foundation for...</a>
                            </li>
                                                        <li>
                                <a href="https://im4change.in/video/Agrarian-Change-Seminar-Protests-against-the-New-Farm-Laws-in-India-by-Prof-Vikas-Rawal-JNU-Source-Journal-Of-Agrarian-Change"
                                   title="Agrarian Change Seminar: 'Protests against the New Farm Laws in India' by Prof. Vikas Rawal, JNU (Source: Journal Of Agrarian Change) "  target="_blank">
                                     Agrarian Change Seminar: 'Protests against the New Farm Laws...</a>
                            </li>
                                                        <li>
                                <a href="https://im4change.in/video/Webinar-Ramrao-The-Story-of-India-Farm-Crisis-Source-Azim-Premji-University"
                                   title="Webinar: Ramrao - The Story of India's Farm Crisis (Source: Azim Premji University)"  target="_blank">
                                     Webinar: Ramrao - The Story of India's Farm Crisis...</a>
                            </li>
                                                        <li>
                                <a href="https://im4change.in/video/water-and-agricultural-transformation-in-India"
                                   title="Water and Agricultural Transformation in India: A Symbiotic Relationship (Source: IGIDR)"  target="_blank">
                                     Water and Agricultural Transformation in India: A Symbiotic Relationship...</a>
                            </li>
                                                    <li class="CatArchalLi1">
                            <a href="https://im4change.in/videogallery"
                               class="more-link CatArchalAnch1"  target="_blank">
                                More...
                            </a>
                        </li>
                    </ul>
                </div>
            </div>
        </div>
    </div>
</section>    </div>
    <div class="clear"></div>
    <!-- Footer option Starts here -->
    <div class="footer-bottom fade-in animated4">
        <div class="container">
            <div class="social-icons icon_flat">
                <p class="SocialMargTop"> Website Developed by <a target="_blank" title="Web Development"
                                                                  class="wot right"
                                                                  href="http://www.ravinderkhurana.com/" rel="nofollow">
                                                                  RAVINDErkHURANA.com</a></p>
            </div>
            <div class="alignleft">
                <a
     target="_blank" href="https://im4change.in/objectives-8.html"
    class="link"
    title="Objectives">Objectives</a> | <a
     target="_blank" href="https://im4change.in/about-us-9.html"
    class="link" title="About Us">About Us</a> | <a
     target="_blank" href="https://im4change.in/media-workshops.php"
    class="ucwords">Workshops</a> | <a
     target="_blank" href="https://im4change.in/disclaimer/disclaimer-149.html"
    title="Disclaimer">Disclaimer</a>            </div>
        </div>
    </div>
    <!-- Footer option ends here -->
</div>
<div id="connect">
    <a target="_blank"
       href="http://www.facebook.com/sharer.php?u=https://im4change.in/news-alerts-57/the-country-has-miles-to-go-in-reducing-maternal-deaths-4688477.html"
       title="Share on Facebook">
        <img src="https://im4change.in/images/Facebook.png?1582080640" alt="share on Facebook" class="ImgBorder"/>
    </a><br/>
    <a target="_blank"
       href="http://twitter.com/share?text=Im4change&amp;url=https://im4change.in/news-alerts-57/the-country-has-miles-to-go-in-reducing-maternal-deaths-4688477.html"
       title="Share on Twitter">
        <img src="https://im4change.in/images/twitter.png?1582080632" alt="Twitter" class="ImgBorder"/>    </a>
    <br/>
    <a href="/feeds" title="RSS Feed" target="_blank">
        <img src="https://im4change.in/images/rss.png?1582080632" alt="RSS" class="ImgBorder"/>
    </a>
    <br/>
    <a class="feedback-link" id="feedbackFormLink" href="#">
        <img src="https://im4change.in/images/feedback.png?1582080630" alt="Feedback" class="ImgBorder"/>
    </a> <br/>
    <a href="javascript:function iprl5(){var d=document,z=d.createElement('scr'+'ipt'),b=d.body,l=d.location;try{if(!b)throw(0);d.title='(Saving...) '+d.title;z.setAttribute('src',l.protocol+'//www.instapaper.com/j/WKrH3R7ORD5p?u='+encodeURIComponent(l.href)+'&amp;t='+(new Date().getTime()));b.appendChild(z);}catch(e){alert('Please wait until the page has loaded.');}}iprl5();void(0)"
       class="bookmarklet" onclick="return explain_bookmarklet();">
        <img src="https://im4change.in/images/read-it-later.png?1582080632" alt="Read Later" class="ImgBorder"/>    </a>
</div>
<!-- Feedback form Starts here -->
<div id="feedbackForm" class="overlay_form" class="ImgBorder">
    <h2>Contact Form</h2>
    <div id="contactform1">
        <div id="formleft">
            <form id="submitform" action="/contactus.php" method="post">
                <input type="hidden" name="submitform" value="submitform"/>
                <input type="hidden" name="salt_key" value="a0e0f2c6a0644a70e57ad2c96829709a"/>
                <input type="hidden" name="ref" value="feedback"/>
                <fieldset>
                    <label>Name :</label>
                    <input type="text" name="name" class="tbox" required/>
                </fieldset>
                <fieldset>
                    <label>Email :</label>
                    <input type="text" name="email" class="tbox" required/>
                </fieldset>
                <fieldset>
                    <label>Message :</label>
                    <textarea rows="5" cols="20" name="message" required></textarea>
                </fieldset>
                <fieldset>
                    Please enter security code
                    <div class="clear"></div>
                    <input type="text" name="vrcode" class="tbox"/>
                </fieldset>
                <fieldset>
                    <input type="submit" class="button" value="Submit"/>
                    &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; <a href="#" id="closefeedbakcformLink">Close</a>
                </fieldset>
            </form>
        </div>
        <div class="clearfix"></div>
    </div>
</div>
<div id="donate_popup" class="modal" style="max-width: 800px;">
    <table width="100%" border="1">
        <tr>
            <td colspan="2" align="center">
                <b>Support im4change</b>
            </td>
        </tr>
        <tr>
            <td width="25%" valign="middle">
                <img src="https://im4change.in/images/logo2.jpg?1582080632" alt="" width="100%"/>            </td>
            <td style="padding-left:10px;padding-top:10px;">
                <form action="https://im4change.in/donate" method="get">
                    <table width="100%" cellpadding="2" cellspacing="2">
                        <tr>
                            <td width="33%" style="font-family: 'Script Font', cursive, Arial;font-size: 20px;font-weight: 700;">
                                10
                            </td>
                            <td width="33%" style="font-family: 'Script Font', cursive, Arial;font-size: 20px;font-weight: 700;">
                                100
                            </td>
                            <td width="33%" style="font-family: 'Script Font', cursive, Arial;font-size: 20px;font-weight: 700;">
                                1000
                            </td>
                        </tr>
                        <tr>
                            <td colspan="3">
                                &nbsp;
                            </td>
                        </tr>
                        <tr>
                            <td  style="font-family: 'Script Font', cursive, Arial;font-size: 20px;font-weight: 700;">
                                50
                            </td>
                            <td  style="font-family: 'Script Font', cursive, Arial;font-size: 20px;font-weight: 700;">
                                500
                            </td>
                            <td  style="font-family: 'Script Font', cursive, Arial;font-size: 20px;font-weight: 700;">
                                <input type="text" name="price" placeholder="?" style="font-family: 'Script Font', cursive, Arial;font-size: 20px;font-weight: 700;">
                            </td>
                        </tr>
                        <tr>
                            <td colspan="3">
                                &nbsp;
                            </td>
                        </tr>
                        <tr>
                            <td colspan="3" align="right">
                                <input type="button" name="Pay" value="Pay"
                                       style="width: 200px;background-color: rgb(205, 35, 36);color: #ffffff;"/>
                            </td>
                        </tr>
                    </table>
                </form>
            </td>
        </tr>
    </table>
</div><script type='text/javascript'>

    /* <![CDATA[ */

    var tievar = {'go_to': 'Go to...'};

    /* ]]> */

</script>
<script src="/js/tie-scripts.js?1575549704"></script><script src="/js/bootstrap.js?1575549704"></script><script src="/js/jquery.modal.min.js?1578284310"></script><script>
    $(document).ready(function() {
        // tell the autocomplete function to get its data from our php script
        $('#s').autocomplete({
            source: "/autocomplete"
        });
    });
</script>
<script src="/vj-main-sw-register.js" async></script>

<script>function init(){var imgDefer=document.getElementsByTagName('img');for(var i=0;i<imgDefer.length;i++){if(imgDefer[i].getAttribute('data-src')){imgDefer[i].setAttribute('src',imgDefer[i].getAttribute('data-src'))}}}
window.onload=init;</script>
</body>
</html>'

}
$cookies = []
$values = [
	(int) 0 => 'text/html; charset=UTF-8'
]
$name = 'Content-Type'
$first = true
$value = 'text/html; charset=UTF-8'
header - [internal], line ??
Cake\Http\ResponseEmitter::emitHeaders() - CORE/src/Http/ResponseEmitter.php, line 181
Cake\Http\ResponseEmitter::emit() - CORE/src/Http/ResponseEmitter.php, line 55
Cake\Http\Server::emit() - CORE/src/Http/Server.php, line 141
[main] - ROOT/webroot/index.php, line 39

Home हिन्दी

The country has miles to go in reducing maternal deaths

Published on Nov 20, 2019   Modified on May 14, 2021

A high maternal mortality ratio (MMRatio) indicates low status of women in the society apart from poor functioning of the health services delivery system. Recently released data by the Sample Registration System (SRS) bulletin indicates that for the country as a whole the MMRatio has steadily declined from 398.0 in 1997-98 to 122.0 in 2015-17, which is a fall by -69.3 percent. Table-1 shows that India's MMRatio was 398.0 in 1997-98, 327.0 in 1999-01, 301.0 in 2001-03, 254.0 in 2004-06, 212.0 in 2007-09, 178.0 in 2010-12, 167.0 in 2011-13, 130.0 in 2014-16 and 122.0 in 2015-17. The United Nations' Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), however, require the country to bring down its MMRatio to 70 maternal deaths per lakh live births by the year 2030. During 2015-17, the lowest MMRatio was found in Kerala (42.0), followed by Maharashtra (55.0) and Tamil Nadu (63.0). Assam (229.0) had the highest MMRatio, followed by Uttar Pradesh (216.0) and Madhya Pradesh (188.0). Although India's MMRatio has declined by -6.2 percent between 2014-16 and 2015-17, it went down by -22.2 percent between 2011-13 and 2014-16 (viz. a fall by -7.4 percent a year on average). Please consult table-1. It may be noted that since 1997-98 the government was clubbing together the MMRatio data for Bihar and Jharkhand as well as Madhya Pradesh and Chhattisgarh. It was even combining the data for Uttar Pradesh and Uttaranchal/ Uttarakhand. However, the MMRatio data for these states has been provided on an individual basis in 2015-17. Therefore, it is not possible to compare the current version of the data with previous years and present the trends in MMRatio for these states. Table-1 indicates that Kerala witnessed a fall in MMRatio by -72.0 percent between 1997-98 and 2015-17. Experts think that the state's better health infrastructure, improvement in delivery care facilities (including hospital deliveries) and betterment of nutritional level among pregnant women may have contributed towards Kerala's low MMRatio over the years vis-à-vis other states.   MMRatio for West Bengal came down from 303.0 to 94.0 between 1997-98 and 2015-17 viz. a fall by -69.0 percent. Kindly see table-1. Table 1: Maternal Mortality Ratio, India and Bigger States, 1997-1998 to 2015-17 Source: Sample Registration System, Office of the Registrar General & Census Commissioner, India, please click here to access  --- According to the SRS, the MMRatio refers to the number of women who die as a result of complications of pregnancy or childbearing in a given year per 100,000 live births in that year.   From the table-1, it is observed that almost for all the years, altogether the southern states (viz. Andhra Pradesh, Telangana, Karnataka, Kerala and Tamil Nadu) have exhibited a lower MMRatio vis-à-vis the 8 Empowered Action Group (EAG) states (viz. Bihar, Jharkhand, Uttar Pradesh, Uttarakhand, Madhya Pradesh, Chhattisgarh, Orissa and Rajasthan) and also Assam. The decline in MMRatio has been most significant in EAG states and Assam from 188 to 175 between 2014-16 and 2015-17 (viz. by -6.9 percent). Among the southern states, the fall between these two time points has been from 77 to 72 (viz. by -6.5 percent) and in the 'Other sub-total' from 93 to 90 (viz. by -3.2 percent). It could be further seen that from 1999-2001 onwards among the group sub-totals, the MMRatio was the highest for ‘EAG and Assam sub-total’, followed by ‘Other sub-total’ (comprising the states of Gujarat, Haryana, Maharashtra, Punjab, West Bengal and other states) and 'South sub-total'. An international report entitled Trends in Maternal Mortality 2000 to 2017: Estimates by WHO, UNICEF, UNFPA, World Bank Group and the United Nations Population Division, published recently, finds that Nigeria and India had the highest estimated numbers of maternal deaths, accounting for approximately one-third (35 percent) of estimated global maternal deaths in 2017, with approximately 67,000 and 35,000 maternal deaths (23 percent and 12 percent of global maternal deaths), respectively. That report also shows that MMRatio for the country (modelled estimate) was 370 in 2000, 286 in 2005, 210 in 2010, 158 in 2015 and 145 in 2017. Readers may note that the SRS is the largest demographic sample survey in the country, which is conducted by the Office of the Registrar General, India of the Ministry of Home Affairs. A press release by the Ministry of Health and Family Welfare dated 6th June, 2018 says that initiatives like Mission Indradhanush and Intensified Mission Indradhanush in the low performing states have helped in reducing MMRatio. Other initiatives under the umbrella of National Health Mission (NHM) like augmentation of infrastructure and Human Resources, Capacity Building and Janani Shishu Suraksha Karyakaram (JSSK), which provides for free transport and care for pregnant women may have also helped in reducing MMRatio. The recently released bulletin says that verbal autopsy instruments are administered for the deaths reported under the SRS on a regular basis to yield cause-specific mortality profile in the country. The website of MeasureEvaluation (https://bit.ly/2t3f8kF) -- a partnership involving more than 5 organisations including the US Agency for International Development (USAID) --  says that it is difficult to investigate maternal deaths because of the comparative rarity of such deaths on a population basis, apart from other context-specific factors, such as reluctance to report abortion-related deaths, problems of memory recall, or lack of medical attribution. If there is a significantly large population of non-users of health services, then it would not be prudent to rely heavily on health services data on MMRatio. Inaccuracies in routine registers and omission of deaths occurring outside maternity wards may also add to the problems related to using such health services information extensively. Instead of a precise measure, MMRatios broadly indicate the level of maternal mortality because of the limitations inherent in most measurement methods. In order to know more about MMRatio, please go to https://bit.ly/2t3f8kF. Maternal Mortality Rate According to the SRS, maternal mortality rate (MMR) is defined as the number of maternal deaths to women in the ages 15-49 per lakh of women in that age group. From table-2, it is observed that India's MMR as a whole has fallen from 11.7 in 2011-13 to 8.8 in 2014-16, and further to 8.1 in 2015-17. Table 2: Maternal Mortality Rate, India and Bigger States, 2011-13 to 2015-17 Source: Sample Registration System, Office of the Registrar General & Census Commissioner, India, please click here to access  --- Kerala (1.9) had the lowest MMR in 2015-17, followed by Maharashtra (3.3) and Andhra Pradesh (3.6). Uttar Pradesh (20.1) had the highest MMR in 2015-17, followed by Madhya Pradesh (17.5) and Bihar (16.9). It is impossible to compare the current version of the data with previous years and present the trends in MMR for the  states of Bihar, Jharkhand, Madhya Pradesh, Chhattisgarh, Uttar Pradesh and Uttaranchal/ Uttarakhand. Please check table-2. The decline in MMR has been most significant in southern states from 4.7 to 4.2 between 2014-16 and 2015-17 (viz. by -10.6 percent). Among the EAG states and Assam, the fall between these two points has been from 16.0 to 14.6 (viz. by -8.8 percent) and in the 'Other sub-total' from 5.4 to 5.1 (viz. by -5.6 percent). Among the sub-group totals, MMR was the highest for ‘EAG and Assam sub-total’ (comprising Assam, Bihar, Jharkhand, Madhya Pradesh, Chhattisgarh, Odisha, Rajasthan, Uttar Pradesh and Uttaranchal/ Uttarakhand) in 2011-13, 2014-16 and 2015-17, followed by ‘Other sub-total’ (comprising Gujarat, Haryana, Maharashtra, Punjab, West Bengal and other states) and 'South sub-total' (comprising Andhra Pradesh, Telangana, Karnataka, Kerala and Tamil Nadu). How is Maternal Mortality Ratio different from Maternal Mortality Rate? Often researchers and media persons are found to use the terms maternal mortality ratio (MMRatio) and maternal mortality rate (MMR) interchangeably to mean the number of maternal deaths per 100,000 live births. However, as per the World Health Organization (WHO), the two are different concepts. MMRatio viz. the number of maternal deaths per 100,000 live births, is a measure of the risk of death once a woman has become pregnant. In order to understand the concept of MMRatio, please consider this example. There is a village that has 1,000 people. Twenty women in that village become pregnant. There is miscarriage of 5 babies. Fifteen women give birth to 15 live babies. Five women who gave birth die due to complications in the pregnancy. In this case the MMRatio is 5 maternal deaths out of 15 live births, which is 33.3 percent. As opposed to MMRatio, MMR is the number of maternal deaths (direct and indirect) in a given period per 100,000 women of reproductive age (15-49 years) during the same time period. In order to understand the concept of MMR, kindly consider this example. There is a village that has 1,000 people. There are 500 women, out of which 400 women belong to the reproductive age. Last year, 15 women gave birth to fifteen live babies. Five women died due to complications in the pregnancy. The MMR, therefore, is 5 maternal deaths out of 400 women of reproductive age, which is 1.25 percent. References Special Bulletin on Maternal Mortality in India 2015-17, released in November, 2019, Sample Registration System, Office of the Registrar General, India, please click here to access Trends in Maternal Mortality 2000 to 2017: Estimates by WHO, UNICEF, World Bank Groups and the United Nations Population Division, released in September 2019, World Halth Orgnization (WHO), United Nations Children's Fund (UNICEF), World Bank Groups, United Nations Population Fund (UNFPA) and the United Nations Population Division, please click here to access  Special Bulletin on Maternal Mortality in India 2014-16, released in May, 2018, Sample Registration System, Office of the Registrar General, India, please click here to access  Special Bulletin on Maternal Mortality in India 2011-13, Sample Registration System, Office of the Registrar General, India, please click here to access  Compendium of India's Fertility and Mortality Indicators, 1971-2013, Sample Registration System, Office of the Registrar General, India, please click here and here to access  Sample Registration System, Office of the Registrar General & Census Commissioner, India, please click here to access A Presentation on Maternal Mortality Levels (2010-12), please click here to access Maternal mortality ratio (MMR), Family Planning and Reproductive Health Indicators Database, please click here to access India shows impressive gains in reduction of Maternal Mortality with 22% reduction since 2013, Press Information Bureau, Ministry of Health and Family Welfare, dated 6 June, 2018, please click here to access     Shri JP Nadda highlights the achievements of the Health Ministry, Press Information Bureau, Ministry of Health and Family Welfare, dated 11 June 2018 please click here to access    Monitoring Health in the Sustainable Development Goals: 2017, World Health Organization, Regional Office for South East Asia, as quoted in the National Health Profile 2018, page no. 288, please click here to access  Maternal mortality ratio is falling but more effort required to catch up with China, News alert by Inclusive Media for Change dated 12 June, 2018, please click here to access  The drop in the maternal mortality ratio is just the first step, The Telegraph, 18 November, 2019, please click here to access Explained -- Maternal mortality rate in the states: Assam 229, Kerala 42, The Indian Express, 9 November, 2019, please click here to access  India losing fewer mothers to childbirth, data reveal, The Hindu Business Line, 8 November, 2019, please click here to access  Maternal death rate declining: report -Afshan Yasmeen, The Hindu, 8 November, 2019, please click here to access Kerala's maternal mortality rate drops to 46, govt aims 30 by 2020 -Vishnu Varma, The Indian Express, 7 June, 2018, please click here to access  Image Courtesy: UNDP India

Tagged with: maternal deaths maternal mortality maternal mortality rate maternal mortality ratio

Related Articles

• Data shows maternal mortality rate in West Bengal rise above national average -Subhajoy Roy
• India shows progress on maternal mortality -GS Mudur
• India improves maternal mortality ratio, but poorer states yet to make progress -Taran Deol
• Maternal mortality ratio reduces to 97 in 2018-20 from 130 in 2014-16, says Mandaviya
• India’s abortion law seems liberal but is driven by a population control logic – not women’s rights -Mytheli Sreenivas

 

Write Comments

Your email address will not be published. Required fields are marked *

Name *

Email *

Contact No.

Comment

Type the characters you see in the image below *

Video Archives

Archives

• Moving Upstream: Luni – Fellowship
• 135 Million Indians Exited “Multidimensional" Poverty as per Government...
• Explainer: Why are Tomato Prices on Fire?
• NSSO Survey: Only 39.1% of all Households have Drinking...
• More...

Im4Change.org हिंदी वेबसाइट का परिचय. Short Video on im4change.org...

"Session 1: Scope of IDEA and AgriStack" in Exploring...

"Session 2: Farmer Centric Digitalisation in Agriculture" in Exploring...

"Session 3: Future of Digitalisation in Agriculture" in Exploring...

• Public Spending on Agriculture in India (Source: Foundation for...
• Agrarian Change Seminar: 'Protests against the New Farm Laws...
• Webinar: Ramrao - The Story of India's Farm Crisis...
• Water and Agricultural Transformation in India: A Symbiotic Relationship...
• More...

Website Developed by RAVINDErkHURANA.com

Objectives | About Us | Workshops | Disclaimer

Support im4change
	10 100 1000   50 500