Deprecated (16384): The ArrayAccess methods will be removed in 4.0.0.Use getParam(), getData() and getQuery() instead. - /home/brlfuser/public_html/src/Controller/ArtileDetailController.php, line: 150
 You can disable deprecation warnings by setting `Error.errorLevel` to `E_ALL & ~E_USER_DEPRECATED` in your config/app.php. [CORE/src/Core/functions.php, line 311]
Code Context


        trigger_error($message, E_USER_DEPRECATED);

    }
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 You can disable deprecation warnings by setting `Error.errorLevel` to `E_ALL & ~E_USER_DEPRECATED` in your config/app.php.'
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deprecationWarning - CORE/src/Core/functions.php, line 311
Cake\Http\ServerRequest::offsetGet() - CORE/src/Http/ServerRequest.php, line 2421
App\Controller\ArtileDetailController::index() - APP/Controller/ArtileDetailController.php, line 150
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Cake\Http\Runner::__invoke() - CORE/src/Http/Runner.php, line 65
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Cake\Http\Runner::__invoke() - CORE/src/Http/Runner.php, line 65
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Cake\Http\Runner::__invoke() - CORE/src/Http/Runner.php, line 65
Cake\Http\Runner::run() - CORE/src/Http/Runner.php, line 51
Cake\Http\Server::run() - CORE/src/Http/Server.php, line 98

Deprecated (16384): The ArrayAccess methods will be removed in 4.0.0.Use getParam(), getData() and getQuery() instead. - /home/brlfuser/public_html/src/Controller/ArtileDetailController.php, line: 151
 You can disable deprecation warnings by setting `Error.errorLevel` to `E_ALL & ~E_USER_DEPRECATED` in your config/app.php. [CORE/src/Core/functions.php, line 311]
Code Context


        trigger_error($message, E_USER_DEPRECATED);

    }
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 You can disable deprecation warnings by setting `Error.errorLevel` to `E_ALL & ~E_USER_DEPRECATED` in your config/app.php.'
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deprecationWarning - CORE/src/Core/functions.php, line 311
Cake\Http\ServerRequest::offsetGet() - CORE/src/Http/ServerRequest.php, line 2421
App\Controller\ArtileDetailController::index() - APP/Controller/ArtileDetailController.php, line 151
Cake\Controller\Controller::invokeAction() - CORE/src/Controller/Controller.php, line 610
Cake\Http\ActionDispatcher::_invoke() - CORE/src/Http/ActionDispatcher.php, line 120
Cake\Http\ActionDispatcher::dispatch() - CORE/src/Http/ActionDispatcher.php, line 94
Cake\Http\BaseApplication::__invoke() - CORE/src/Http/BaseApplication.php, line 235
Cake\Http\Runner::__invoke() - CORE/src/Http/Runner.php, line 65
Cake\Routing\Middleware\RoutingMiddleware::__invoke() - CORE/src/Routing/Middleware/RoutingMiddleware.php, line 162
Cake\Http\Runner::__invoke() - CORE/src/Http/Runner.php, line 65
Cake\Routing\Middleware\AssetMiddleware::__invoke() - CORE/src/Routing/Middleware/AssetMiddleware.php, line 97
Cake\Http\Runner::__invoke() - CORE/src/Http/Runner.php, line 65
Cake\Error\Middleware\ErrorHandlerMiddleware::__invoke() - CORE/src/Error/Middleware/ErrorHandlerMiddleware.php, line 96
Cake\Http\Runner::__invoke() - CORE/src/Http/Runner.php, line 65
Cake\Http\Runner::run() - CORE/src/Http/Runner.php, line 51
Cake\Http\Server::run() - CORE/src/Http/Server.php, line 98

Warning (512): Unable to emit headers. Headers sent in file=/home/brlfuser/public_html/vendor/cakephp/cakephp/src/Error/Debugger.php line=853 [CORE/src/Http/ResponseEmitter.php, line 48]
Code Context
            if (Configure::read('debug')) {

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        News Alerts | Grow more rice with fewer inputs and save the environment for free!    </title>
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The procurement of rice for distribution under the proposed Right to Food scheme has renewed the fears of irreversible depletion of water table in India&rsquo;s grain producing regions. It is feared that unless more scientific and progressive methods of rice..."/>
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                            <p align="justify"><font >The procurement of rice for distribution under the proposed Right to Food scheme has renewed the fears of irreversible depletion of water table in India&rsquo;s grain producing regions. It is feared that unless more scientific and progressive methods of rice cultivation are used, the otherwise welcome scheme would lead to more sowing of summer paddy leading to more injudicious water use and further soil degradation. </font></p><p align="justify"><font >Many rural NGOs and agricultural scientists have been reminding the government of promoting the System of Rice Intensification (SRI), which offers arguably the best solution in terms of food security and environmental sustainability. SRI technique helps in growing more rice with fewer inputs.</font> </p><p align="justify"><font >The technique is both seed and labour saving. Use of SRI methods reduces the agronomic and economic risks that are usually faced by the farmers. The National Food Security Mission (2007) too has recommended SRI method of farming to increase rice productivity.</font> </p><p align="justify"><font >India is one of the largest producers of rice in the world. Its share in the world rice production was 21.51 percent during 2006, following China (29.01%). However, rice cultivation during the recent years has suffered from various interrelated problems such as high water and fertilizer use, stagnation in productivity and concomitant environmental problems due to salinisation and water-logging of fields. Mindless use of pumpsets for irrigation occurs as electricity is cheap and the cropping technology demands more water. Social conflicts have arisen between water users in several canal-irrigated areas due to the water intensive nature of the crop. </font></p><p align="justify"><font >SRI method was first developed in Madagascar by Fr. Henri De Laulani&eacute;, a French priest with a background in agriculture and passion for rural development. Experimentation with SRI got started at the Cornell International Institute for Food, Agriculture and Development (CIIFAD, </font><a href="http://ciifad.cornell.edu/" title="http://ciifad.cornell.edu/">http://ciifad.cornell.edu/</a><font >) under the supervision of Norman Uphoff. The objective was to increase the yield on lowland rice fields and wean farmers away from slash-and-burn cultivation. The state of Tamil Nadu is often credited with bringing SRI to India during the late 1990s, where it is popularly known as &lsquo;Thirunthia Nel Sakupadi&rsquo; (transformed rice cultivation). Almost 20% of the state's rice area is under SRI management. SRI is being practiced in other states too like Andhra Pradesh and Karnataka in South India, and sporadically followed in few Eastern states like Tripura and Assam. The state of Tripura has more than 70,000 farmers practicing SRI presently. Some of the NGOs who have promoted SRI in India are WASSAN (</font><a href="http://www.wassan.org/" title="http://www.wassan.org/">http://www.wassan.org/</a><font >), PSI (</font><a href="http://www.peoplesscienceinstitute.com/" title="http://www.peoplesscienceinstitute.com/">http://www.peoplesscienceinstitute.com/</a><font >), PRADAN (</font><a href="http://www.pradan.net/" title="http://www.pradan.net/">http://www.pradan.net/</a><font >), AME, Timbuktu Collective (</font><a href="http://www.timbaktu.org/" title="http://www.timbaktu.org/">http://www.timbaktu.org/</a><font >) and many others. </font></p><p align="justify"><font >Despite its successes as claimed by many non government organizations (NGOs), employment of SRI technique has received stiff resistance from agricultural scientists and officials for being &lsquo;backward&rsquo;. A few of them have questioned the productivity increasing potential of SRI. </font></p><p align="justify"><font >The SRI technique under proper crop and soil management provides better growing conditions for rice plants, particularly in the root zone. Four components of SRI include early planting (12 days&rsquo; old single seedlings, wider spacing), limited irrigation (2-3 cm depth after the appearance of hairline cracks), weeding and application of more compost and building soil organic matter content. </font></p><p align="justify"><font >The additional yield advantage in SRI ranges from 500 to 1500 kg/ ha over conventional method of planting. Water required under SRI is half of what is needed under conventional rice farming. By avoiding flood irrigation and adopting limited irrigation, the breeding of malarial mosquito in rice fields is prevented. SRI crops are more resistant to most pests and diseases, and better able to tolerate adverse climatic influences such as drought, storms, hot spells or cold snaps. Thus, adopting SRI methods can drastically cut down the cost of artificial fertilizers and pesticides, which can be beneficial to the small and marginal farmers who have lower capacity to invest. </font></p><p align="justify"><font >The following links and resources offer a wider reading on pros and cons of the System of Rice Intensification (SRI):<br />&nbsp; <br />Dr. C Shambu Prasad (2006): System of Rice Intensification in India: Innovation History and Institutional Challenges,<br /></font><a href="http://www.cgiar-ilac.org/system/files/private/Articles/SRI_India_innovation_institutions.pdf" title="http://www.cgiar-ilac.org/system/files/private/Articles/SRI_India_innovation_institutions.pdf">http://www.cgiar-ilac.org/system/files/private/Articles/SR<br />I_India_innovation_institutions.pdf</a> </p><p align="justify"><font >Rethinking innovation and development: Insights from the System of Rice Intensification (SRI) in India by C. Shambu Prasad, Xavier Institute of Management, Bhubaneswar, Orissa, India, The Innovation Journal: The Public Sector Innovation Journal, Volume 12(2), 2007, article 3, </font><a href="http://www.innovation.cc/peer-reviewed/prasad_p2rethinking_innovat3.pdf" title="http://www.innovation.cc/peer-reviewed/prasad_p2rethinking_innovat3.pdf">http://www.innovation.cc/peer-reviewed/prasad_p2rethinking<br />_innovat3.pdf</a><font > </font></p><p align="justify"><font >System of Rice Intensification: Experiences of Farmers in India by Dr. Biksham Gujja, Dr. N. Loganandhan, Dr. V. Vinod Goud (Ed.), November, 2008, WWF-ICRISAT Project, </font><a href="http://sri-india.110mb.com/documents/Farmersexperiences.pdf" title="http://sri-india.110mb.com/documents/Farmersexperiences.pdf">http://sri-india.110mb.com/documents/Farmersexperiences.pdf</a><font > </font></p><p align="justify"><font >Report of Sub-Committee on More crop and income per drop of water, Ministry of Water Resources, October 2006, </font><a href="http://cwc.gov.in/main/webpages/3.doc" title="http://cwc.gov.in/main/webpages/3.doc">http://cwc.gov.in/main/webpages/3.doc</a><font > </font></p><p align="justify"><font >The System of Rice Intensification (SRI) as a System of Agricultural Innovation by Norman Uphoff (2007), </font><a href="http://www.future-agricultures.org/farmerfirst/files/T1c_Uphoff.pdf" title="http://www.future-agricultures.org/farmerfirst/files/T1c_Uphoff.pdf">http://www.future-agricultures.org/farmerfirst/files/T1c_U<br />phoff.pdf</a><font > </font></p><p align="justify"><font >The System of Rice Intensification, A collaborative effort of Association Tefy Saina, Antanarivo, Madagascar and the Cornell International Institute for Food, Agriculture and Development (CIIFAD), </font><a href="http://ciifad.cornell.edu/sri/" title="http://ciifad.cornell.edu/sri/">http://ciifad.cornell.edu/sri/</a><font > </font></p><p align="justify"><font >System of Rice Intensification (SRI): An Alternative in Paddy Cultivation, Watershed Support Services and Activities Network (WASSAN), </font><a href="http://www.wassan.org/sri/" title="http://www.wassan.org/sri/">http://www.wassan.org/sri/</a><font > </font></p><p align="justify"><font >System of Rice Intensification (SRI), India, </font><a href="http://www.sri-india.net/" title="http://www.sri-india.net/">http://www.sri-india.net/</a> </p><p align="justify"><font >Get More From Less With System of Rice Intensification (SRI), The World Bank. </font><a href="http://web.worldbank.org/WBSITE/EXTERNAL/WBI/WBIPROGRAMS/WBIWATER/0,,contentMDK:21810464~pagePK:64156158~piPK:64152884~theSitePK:443986,00.html" title="http://web.worldbank.org/WBSITE/EXTERNAL/WBI/WBIPROGRAMS/WBIWATER/0,,contentMDK:21810464~pagePK:64156158~piPK:64152884~theSitePK:443986,00.html">http://web.worldbank.org/WBSITE/EXTERNAL/WBI/WBIPROGRAMS/W<br />BIWATER/0,,contentMDK:21810464~pagePK:64156158~piPK:641528<br />84~theSitePK:443986,00.html</a><font > </font></p><p align="justify"><font >Berkelaar, D. (2001) &bdquo;SRI -- The System of Rice Intensification: Less Can Be More, ECHO Development Notes, No. 70.,<br /></font><a href="http://www.echotech.org/network/modules.php?name=News&amp;file=article&amp;sid=461" title="http://www.echotech.org/network/modules.php?name=News&amp;file=article&amp;sid=461">http://www.echotech.org/network/modules.php?name=News&amp;<br />file=article&amp;sid=461</a><font > </font></p><p align="justify"><font >Zheng, J.G., Lu X.J., Jiang X.L. and Tang Y.L. (2004): The System of Rice Intensification for super-high yields of rice in Sichuan basin, in T. Fischer et al. (eds.), New Directions for a Diverse Planet: Proc. of the 4th Intl. Crop Science Congress,<br /></font><a href="http://www.cropscience.org.au/icsc2004/poster/2/3/319_zhengjg.htm" title="http://www.cropscience.org.au/icsc2004/poster/2/3/319_zhengjg.htm">http://www.cropscience.org.au/icsc2004/poster/2/3/319_zhengjg.htm</a><font >&nbsp;&nbsp; </font></p><p align="justify"><font >Rice Wars, Institute of Science in Society, </font><a href="http://www.i-sis.org.uk/RiceWars.php" title="http://www.i-sis.org.uk/RiceWars.php">http://www.i-sis.org.uk/RiceWars.php</a><font > </font></p><p align="justify"><font >System of Rice Intensification&mdash;Optimising production with fewer inputs by Vibhu Nayar and VK Ravichandran, The Hindu Business Line, 4 April, 2008,<br /></font><a href="http://www.thehindubusinessline.com/2008/04/04/stories/2008040450240900.htm" title="http://www.thehindubusinessline.com/2008/04/04/stories/2008040450240900.htm">http://www.thehindubusinessline.com/2008/04/04/stories/200<br />8040450240900.htm</a><font >&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <br /></font></p>                                                           
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    <h1 class="cat-box-title">Grow more rice with fewer inputs and save the environment for free!</h1>
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                            <p align="justify"><font >The procurement of rice for distribution under the proposed Right to Food scheme has renewed the fears of irreversible depletion of water table in India&rsquo;s grain producing regions. It is feared that unless more scientific and progressive methods of rice cultivation are used, the otherwise welcome scheme would lead to more sowing of summer paddy leading to more injudicious water use and further soil degradation. </font></p><p align="justify"><font >Many rural NGOs and agricultural scientists have been reminding the government of promoting the System of Rice Intensification (SRI), which offers arguably the best solution in terms of food security and environmental sustainability. SRI technique helps in growing more rice with fewer inputs.</font> </p><p align="justify"><font >The technique is both seed and labour saving. Use of SRI methods reduces the agronomic and economic risks that are usually faced by the farmers. The National Food Security Mission (2007) too has recommended SRI method of farming to increase rice productivity.</font> </p><p align="justify"><font >India is one of the largest producers of rice in the world. Its share in the world rice production was 21.51 percent during 2006, following China (29.01%). However, rice cultivation during the recent years has suffered from various interrelated problems such as high water and fertilizer use, stagnation in productivity and concomitant environmental problems due to salinisation and water-logging of fields. Mindless use of pumpsets for irrigation occurs as electricity is cheap and the cropping technology demands more water. Social conflicts have arisen between water users in several canal-irrigated areas due to the water intensive nature of the crop. </font></p><p align="justify"><font >SRI method was first developed in Madagascar by Fr. Henri De Laulani&eacute;, a French priest with a background in agriculture and passion for rural development. Experimentation with SRI got started at the Cornell International Institute for Food, Agriculture and Development (CIIFAD, </font><a href="http://ciifad.cornell.edu/" title="http://ciifad.cornell.edu/">http://ciifad.cornell.edu/</a><font >) under the supervision of Norman Uphoff. The objective was to increase the yield on lowland rice fields and wean farmers away from slash-and-burn cultivation. The state of Tamil Nadu is often credited with bringing SRI to India during the late 1990s, where it is popularly known as &lsquo;Thirunthia Nel Sakupadi&rsquo; (transformed rice cultivation). Almost 20% of the state's rice area is under SRI management. SRI is being practiced in other states too like Andhra Pradesh and Karnataka in South India, and sporadically followed in few Eastern states like Tripura and Assam. The state of Tripura has more than 70,000 farmers practicing SRI presently. Some of the NGOs who have promoted SRI in India are WASSAN (</font><a href="http://www.wassan.org/" title="http://www.wassan.org/">http://www.wassan.org/</a><font >), PSI (</font><a href="http://www.peoplesscienceinstitute.com/" title="http://www.peoplesscienceinstitute.com/">http://www.peoplesscienceinstitute.com/</a><font >), PRADAN (</font><a href="http://www.pradan.net/" title="http://www.pradan.net/">http://www.pradan.net/</a><font >), AME, Timbuktu Collective (</font><a href="http://www.timbaktu.org/" title="http://www.timbaktu.org/">http://www.timbaktu.org/</a><font >) and many others. </font></p><p align="justify"><font >Despite its successes as claimed by many non government organizations (NGOs), employment of SRI technique has received stiff resistance from agricultural scientists and officials for being &lsquo;backward&rsquo;. A few of them have questioned the productivity increasing potential of SRI. </font></p><p align="justify"><font >The SRI technique under proper crop and soil management provides better growing conditions for rice plants, particularly in the root zone. Four components of SRI include early planting (12 days&rsquo; old single seedlings, wider spacing), limited irrigation (2-3 cm depth after the appearance of hairline cracks), weeding and application of more compost and building soil organic matter content. </font></p><p align="justify"><font >The additional yield advantage in SRI ranges from 500 to 1500 kg/ ha over conventional method of planting. Water required under SRI is half of what is needed under conventional rice farming. By avoiding flood irrigation and adopting limited irrigation, the breeding of malarial mosquito in rice fields is prevented. SRI crops are more resistant to most pests and diseases, and better able to tolerate adverse climatic influences such as drought, storms, hot spells or cold snaps. Thus, adopting SRI methods can drastically cut down the cost of artificial fertilizers and pesticides, which can be beneficial to the small and marginal farmers who have lower capacity to invest. </font></p><p align="justify"><font >The following links and resources offer a wider reading on pros and cons of the System of Rice Intensification (SRI):<br />&nbsp; <br />Dr. C Shambu Prasad (2006): System of Rice Intensification in India: Innovation History and Institutional Challenges,<br /></font><a href="http://www.cgiar-ilac.org/system/files/private/Articles/SRI_India_innovation_institutions.pdf" title="http://www.cgiar-ilac.org/system/files/private/Articles/SRI_India_innovation_institutions.pdf">http://www.cgiar-ilac.org/system/files/private/Articles/SR<br />I_India_innovation_institutions.pdf</a> </p><p align="justify"><font >Rethinking innovation and development: Insights from the System of Rice Intensification (SRI) in India by C. Shambu Prasad, Xavier Institute of Management, Bhubaneswar, Orissa, India, The Innovation Journal: The Public Sector Innovation Journal, Volume 12(2), 2007, article 3, </font><a href="http://www.innovation.cc/peer-reviewed/prasad_p2rethinking_innovat3.pdf" title="http://www.innovation.cc/peer-reviewed/prasad_p2rethinking_innovat3.pdf">http://www.innovation.cc/peer-reviewed/prasad_p2rethinking<br />_innovat3.pdf</a><font > </font></p><p align="justify"><font >System of Rice Intensification: Experiences of Farmers in India by Dr. Biksham Gujja, Dr. N. Loganandhan, Dr. V. Vinod Goud (Ed.), November, 2008, WWF-ICRISAT Project, </font><a href="http://sri-india.110mb.com/documents/Farmersexperiences.pdf" title="http://sri-india.110mb.com/documents/Farmersexperiences.pdf">http://sri-india.110mb.com/documents/Farmersexperiences.pdf</a><font > </font></p><p align="justify"><font >Report of Sub-Committee on More crop and income per drop of water, Ministry of Water Resources, October 2006, </font><a href="http://cwc.gov.in/main/webpages/3.doc" title="http://cwc.gov.in/main/webpages/3.doc">http://cwc.gov.in/main/webpages/3.doc</a><font > </font></p><p align="justify"><font >The System of Rice Intensification (SRI) as a System of Agricultural Innovation by Norman Uphoff (2007), </font><a href="http://www.future-agricultures.org/farmerfirst/files/T1c_Uphoff.pdf" title="http://www.future-agricultures.org/farmerfirst/files/T1c_Uphoff.pdf">http://www.future-agricultures.org/farmerfirst/files/T1c_U<br />phoff.pdf</a><font > </font></p><p align="justify"><font >The System of Rice Intensification, A collaborative effort of Association Tefy Saina, Antanarivo, Madagascar and the Cornell International Institute for Food, Agriculture and Development (CIIFAD), </font><a href="http://ciifad.cornell.edu/sri/" title="http://ciifad.cornell.edu/sri/">http://ciifad.cornell.edu/sri/</a><font > </font></p><p align="justify"><font >System of Rice Intensification (SRI): An Alternative in Paddy Cultivation, Watershed Support Services and Activities Network (WASSAN), </font><a href="http://www.wassan.org/sri/" title="http://www.wassan.org/sri/">http://www.wassan.org/sri/</a><font > </font></p><p align="justify"><font >System of Rice Intensification (SRI), India, </font><a href="http://www.sri-india.net/" title="http://www.sri-india.net/">http://www.sri-india.net/</a> </p><p align="justify"><font >Get More From Less With System of Rice Intensification (SRI), The World Bank. </font><a href="http://web.worldbank.org/WBSITE/EXTERNAL/WBI/WBIPROGRAMS/WBIWATER/0,,contentMDK:21810464~pagePK:64156158~piPK:64152884~theSitePK:443986,00.html" title="http://web.worldbank.org/WBSITE/EXTERNAL/WBI/WBIPROGRAMS/WBIWATER/0,,contentMDK:21810464~pagePK:64156158~piPK:64152884~theSitePK:443986,00.html">http://web.worldbank.org/WBSITE/EXTERNAL/WBI/WBIPROGRAMS/W<br />BIWATER/0,,contentMDK:21810464~pagePK:64156158~piPK:641528<br />84~theSitePK:443986,00.html</a><font > </font></p><p align="justify"><font >Berkelaar, D. (2001) &bdquo;SRI -- The System of Rice Intensification: Less Can Be More, ECHO Development Notes, No. 70.,<br /></font><a href="http://www.echotech.org/network/modules.php?name=News&amp;file=article&amp;sid=461" title="http://www.echotech.org/network/modules.php?name=News&amp;file=article&amp;sid=461">http://www.echotech.org/network/modules.php?name=News&amp;<br />file=article&amp;sid=461</a><font > </font></p><p align="justify"><font >Zheng, J.G., Lu X.J., Jiang X.L. and Tang Y.L. (2004): The System of Rice Intensification for super-high yields of rice in Sichuan basin, in T. Fischer et al. (eds.), New Directions for a Diverse Planet: Proc. of the 4th Intl. Crop Science Congress,<br /></font><a href="http://www.cropscience.org.au/icsc2004/poster/2/3/319_zhengjg.htm" title="http://www.cropscience.org.au/icsc2004/poster/2/3/319_zhengjg.htm">http://www.cropscience.org.au/icsc2004/poster/2/3/319_zhengjg.htm</a><font >&nbsp;&nbsp; </font></p><p align="justify"><font >Rice Wars, Institute of Science in Society, </font><a href="http://www.i-sis.org.uk/RiceWars.php" title="http://www.i-sis.org.uk/RiceWars.php">http://www.i-sis.org.uk/RiceWars.php</a><font > </font></p><p align="justify"><font >System of Rice Intensification&mdash;Optimising production with fewer inputs by Vibhu Nayar and VK Ravichandran, The Hindu Business Line, 4 April, 2008,<br /></font><a href="http://www.thehindubusinessline.com/2008/04/04/stories/2008040450240900.htm" title="http://www.thehindubusinessline.com/2008/04/04/stories/2008040450240900.htm">http://www.thehindubusinessline.com/2008/04/04/stories/200<br />8040450240900.htm</a><font >&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <br /></font></p>                                                           
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The procurement of rice for distribution under the proposed Right to Food scheme has renewed the fears of irreversible depletion of water table in India&rsquo;s grain producing regions. It is feared that unless more scientific and progressive methods of rice..."/>
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                            <p align="justify"><font >The procurement of rice for distribution under the proposed Right to Food scheme has renewed the fears of irreversible depletion of water table in India&rsquo;s grain producing regions. It is feared that unless more scientific and progressive methods of rice cultivation are used, the otherwise welcome scheme would lead to more sowing of summer paddy leading to more injudicious water use and further soil degradation. </font></p><p align="justify"><font >Many rural NGOs and agricultural scientists have been reminding the government of promoting the System of Rice Intensification (SRI), which offers arguably the best solution in terms of food security and environmental sustainability. SRI technique helps in growing more rice with fewer inputs.</font> </p><p align="justify"><font >The technique is both seed and labour saving. Use of SRI methods reduces the agronomic and economic risks that are usually faced by the farmers. The National Food Security Mission (2007) too has recommended SRI method of farming to increase rice productivity.</font> </p><p align="justify"><font >India is one of the largest producers of rice in the world. Its share in the world rice production was 21.51 percent during 2006, following China (29.01%). However, rice cultivation during the recent years has suffered from various interrelated problems such as high water and fertilizer use, stagnation in productivity and concomitant environmental problems due to salinisation and water-logging of fields. Mindless use of pumpsets for irrigation occurs as electricity is cheap and the cropping technology demands more water. Social conflicts have arisen between water users in several canal-irrigated areas due to the water intensive nature of the crop. </font></p><p align="justify"><font >SRI method was first developed in Madagascar by Fr. Henri De Laulani&eacute;, a French priest with a background in agriculture and passion for rural development. Experimentation with SRI got started at the Cornell International Institute for Food, Agriculture and Development (CIIFAD, </font><a href="http://ciifad.cornell.edu/" title="http://ciifad.cornell.edu/">http://ciifad.cornell.edu/</a><font >) under the supervision of Norman Uphoff. The objective was to increase the yield on lowland rice fields and wean farmers away from slash-and-burn cultivation. The state of Tamil Nadu is often credited with bringing SRI to India during the late 1990s, where it is popularly known as &lsquo;Thirunthia Nel Sakupadi&rsquo; (transformed rice cultivation). Almost 20% of the state's rice area is under SRI management. SRI is being practiced in other states too like Andhra Pradesh and Karnataka in South India, and sporadically followed in few Eastern states like Tripura and Assam. The state of Tripura has more than 70,000 farmers practicing SRI presently. Some of the NGOs who have promoted SRI in India are WASSAN (</font><a href="http://www.wassan.org/" title="http://www.wassan.org/">http://www.wassan.org/</a><font >), PSI (</font><a href="http://www.peoplesscienceinstitute.com/" title="http://www.peoplesscienceinstitute.com/">http://www.peoplesscienceinstitute.com/</a><font >), PRADAN (</font><a href="http://www.pradan.net/" title="http://www.pradan.net/">http://www.pradan.net/</a><font >), AME, Timbuktu Collective (</font><a href="http://www.timbaktu.org/" title="http://www.timbaktu.org/">http://www.timbaktu.org/</a><font >) and many others. </font></p><p align="justify"><font >Despite its successes as claimed by many non government organizations (NGOs), employment of SRI technique has received stiff resistance from agricultural scientists and officials for being &lsquo;backward&rsquo;. A few of them have questioned the productivity increasing potential of SRI. </font></p><p align="justify"><font >The SRI technique under proper crop and soil management provides better growing conditions for rice plants, particularly in the root zone. Four components of SRI include early planting (12 days&rsquo; old single seedlings, wider spacing), limited irrigation (2-3 cm depth after the appearance of hairline cracks), weeding and application of more compost and building soil organic matter content. </font></p><p align="justify"><font >The additional yield advantage in SRI ranges from 500 to 1500 kg/ ha over conventional method of planting. Water required under SRI is half of what is needed under conventional rice farming. By avoiding flood irrigation and adopting limited irrigation, the breeding of malarial mosquito in rice fields is prevented. SRI crops are more resistant to most pests and diseases, and better able to tolerate adverse climatic influences such as drought, storms, hot spells or cold snaps. Thus, adopting SRI methods can drastically cut down the cost of artificial fertilizers and pesticides, which can be beneficial to the small and marginal farmers who have lower capacity to invest. </font></p><p align="justify"><font >The following links and resources offer a wider reading on pros and cons of the System of Rice Intensification (SRI):<br />&nbsp; <br />Dr. C Shambu Prasad (2006): System of Rice Intensification in India: Innovation History and Institutional Challenges,<br /></font><a href="http://www.cgiar-ilac.org/system/files/private/Articles/SRI_India_innovation_institutions.pdf" title="http://www.cgiar-ilac.org/system/files/private/Articles/SRI_India_innovation_institutions.pdf">http://www.cgiar-ilac.org/system/files/private/Articles/SR<br />I_India_innovation_institutions.pdf</a> </p><p align="justify"><font >Rethinking innovation and development: Insights from the System of Rice Intensification (SRI) in India by C. Shambu Prasad, Xavier Institute of Management, Bhubaneswar, Orissa, India, The Innovation Journal: The Public Sector Innovation Journal, Volume 12(2), 2007, article 3, </font><a href="http://www.innovation.cc/peer-reviewed/prasad_p2rethinking_innovat3.pdf" title="http://www.innovation.cc/peer-reviewed/prasad_p2rethinking_innovat3.pdf">http://www.innovation.cc/peer-reviewed/prasad_p2rethinking<br />_innovat3.pdf</a><font > </font></p><p align="justify"><font >System of Rice Intensification: Experiences of Farmers in India by Dr. Biksham Gujja, Dr. N. Loganandhan, Dr. V. Vinod Goud (Ed.), November, 2008, WWF-ICRISAT Project, </font><a href="http://sri-india.110mb.com/documents/Farmersexperiences.pdf" title="http://sri-india.110mb.com/documents/Farmersexperiences.pdf">http://sri-india.110mb.com/documents/Farmersexperiences.pdf</a><font > </font></p><p align="justify"><font >Report of Sub-Committee on More crop and income per drop of water, Ministry of Water Resources, October 2006, </font><a href="http://cwc.gov.in/main/webpages/3.doc" title="http://cwc.gov.in/main/webpages/3.doc">http://cwc.gov.in/main/webpages/3.doc</a><font > </font></p><p align="justify"><font >The System of Rice Intensification (SRI) as a System of Agricultural Innovation by Norman Uphoff (2007), </font><a href="http://www.future-agricultures.org/farmerfirst/files/T1c_Uphoff.pdf" title="http://www.future-agricultures.org/farmerfirst/files/T1c_Uphoff.pdf">http://www.future-agricultures.org/farmerfirst/files/T1c_U<br />phoff.pdf</a><font > </font></p><p align="justify"><font >The System of Rice Intensification, A collaborative effort of Association Tefy Saina, Antanarivo, Madagascar and the Cornell International Institute for Food, Agriculture and Development (CIIFAD), </font><a href="http://ciifad.cornell.edu/sri/" title="http://ciifad.cornell.edu/sri/">http://ciifad.cornell.edu/sri/</a><font > </font></p><p align="justify"><font >System of Rice Intensification (SRI): An Alternative in Paddy Cultivation, Watershed Support Services and Activities Network (WASSAN), </font><a href="http://www.wassan.org/sri/" title="http://www.wassan.org/sri/">http://www.wassan.org/sri/</a><font > </font></p><p align="justify"><font >System of Rice Intensification (SRI), India, </font><a href="http://www.sri-india.net/" title="http://www.sri-india.net/">http://www.sri-india.net/</a> </p><p align="justify"><font >Get More From Less With System of Rice Intensification (SRI), The World Bank. </font><a href="http://web.worldbank.org/WBSITE/EXTERNAL/WBI/WBIPROGRAMS/WBIWATER/0,,contentMDK:21810464~pagePK:64156158~piPK:64152884~theSitePK:443986,00.html" title="http://web.worldbank.org/WBSITE/EXTERNAL/WBI/WBIPROGRAMS/WBIWATER/0,,contentMDK:21810464~pagePK:64156158~piPK:64152884~theSitePK:443986,00.html">http://web.worldbank.org/WBSITE/EXTERNAL/WBI/WBIPROGRAMS/W<br />BIWATER/0,,contentMDK:21810464~pagePK:64156158~piPK:641528<br />84~theSitePK:443986,00.html</a><font > </font></p><p align="justify"><font >Berkelaar, D. (2001) &bdquo;SRI -- The System of Rice Intensification: Less Can Be More, ECHO Development Notes, No. 70.,<br /></font><a href="http://www.echotech.org/network/modules.php?name=News&amp;file=article&amp;sid=461" title="http://www.echotech.org/network/modules.php?name=News&amp;file=article&amp;sid=461">http://www.echotech.org/network/modules.php?name=News&amp;<br />file=article&amp;sid=461</a><font > </font></p><p align="justify"><font >Zheng, J.G., Lu X.J., Jiang X.L. and Tang Y.L. (2004): The System of Rice Intensification for super-high yields of rice in Sichuan basin, in T. Fischer et al. (eds.), New Directions for a Diverse Planet: Proc. of the 4th Intl. Crop Science Congress,<br /></font><a href="http://www.cropscience.org.au/icsc2004/poster/2/3/319_zhengjg.htm" title="http://www.cropscience.org.au/icsc2004/poster/2/3/319_zhengjg.htm">http://www.cropscience.org.au/icsc2004/poster/2/3/319_zhengjg.htm</a><font >&nbsp;&nbsp; </font></p><p align="justify"><font >Rice Wars, Institute of Science in Society, </font><a href="http://www.i-sis.org.uk/RiceWars.php" title="http://www.i-sis.org.uk/RiceWars.php">http://www.i-sis.org.uk/RiceWars.php</a><font > </font></p><p align="justify"><font >System of Rice Intensification&mdash;Optimising production with fewer inputs by Vibhu Nayar and VK Ravichandran, The Hindu Business Line, 4 April, 2008,<br /></font><a href="http://www.thehindubusinessline.com/2008/04/04/stories/2008040450240900.htm" title="http://www.thehindubusinessline.com/2008/04/04/stories/2008040450240900.htm">http://www.thehindubusinessline.com/2008/04/04/stories/200<br />8040450240900.htm</a><font >&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <br /></font></p>                                                           
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Grow more rice with fewer inputs and save the environment for free!

Published on Sep 30, 2009   Modified on Sep 30, 2009

The procurement of rice for distribution under the proposed Right to Food scheme has renewed the fears of irreversible depletion of water table in India’s grain producing regions. It is feared that unless more scientific and progressive methods of rice cultivation are used, the otherwise welcome scheme would lead to more sowing of summer paddy leading to more injudicious water use and further soil degradation. Many rural NGOs and agricultural scientists have been reminding the government of promoting the System of Rice Intensification (SRI), which offers arguably the best solution in terms of food security and environmental sustainability. SRI technique helps in growing more rice with fewer inputs. The technique is both seed and labour saving. Use of SRI methods reduces the agronomic and economic risks that are usually faced by the farmers. The National Food Security Mission (2007) too has recommended SRI method of farming to increase rice productivity. India is one of the largest producers of rice in the world. Its share in the world rice production was 21.51 percent during 2006, following China (29.01%). However, rice cultivation during the recent years has suffered from various interrelated problems such as high water and fertilizer use, stagnation in productivity and concomitant environmental problems due to salinisation and water-logging of fields. Mindless use of pumpsets for irrigation occurs as electricity is cheap and the cropping technology demands more water. Social conflicts have arisen between water users in several canal-irrigated areas due to the water intensive nature of the crop. SRI method was first developed in Madagascar by Fr. Henri De Laulanié, a French priest with a background in agriculture and passion for rural development. Experimentation with SRI got started at the Cornell International Institute for Food, Agriculture and Development (CIIFAD, http://ciifad.cornell.edu/) under the supervision of Norman Uphoff. The objective was to increase the yield on lowland rice fields and wean farmers away from slash-and-burn cultivation. The state of Tamil Nadu is often credited with bringing SRI to India during the late 1990s, where it is popularly known as ‘Thirunthia Nel Sakupadi’ (transformed rice cultivation). Almost 20% of the state's rice area is under SRI management. SRI is being practiced in other states too like Andhra Pradesh and Karnataka in South India, and sporadically followed in few Eastern states like Tripura and Assam. The state of Tripura has more than 70,000 farmers practicing SRI presently. Some of the NGOs who have promoted SRI in India are WASSAN (http://www.wassan.org/), PSI (http://www.peoplesscienceinstitute.com/), PRADAN (http://www.pradan.net/), AME, Timbuktu Collective (http://www.timbaktu.org/) and many others. Despite its successes as claimed by many non government organizations (NGOs), employment of SRI technique has received stiff resistance from agricultural scientists and officials for being ‘backward’. A few of them have questioned the productivity increasing potential of SRI. The SRI technique under proper crop and soil management provides better growing conditions for rice plants, particularly in the root zone. Four components of SRI include early planting (12 days’ old single seedlings, wider spacing), limited irrigation (2-3 cm depth after the appearance of hairline cracks), weeding and application of more compost and building soil organic matter content. The additional yield advantage in SRI ranges from 500 to 1500 kg/ ha over conventional method of planting. Water required under SRI is half of what is needed under conventional rice farming. By avoiding flood irrigation and adopting limited irrigation, the breeding of malarial mosquito in rice fields is prevented. SRI crops are more resistant to most pests and diseases, and better able to tolerate adverse climatic influences such as drought, storms, hot spells or cold snaps. Thus, adopting SRI methods can drastically cut down the cost of artificial fertilizers and pesticides, which can be beneficial to the small and marginal farmers who have lower capacity to invest. The following links and resources offer a wider reading on pros and cons of the System of Rice Intensification (SRI):   Dr. C Shambu Prasad (2006): System of Rice Intensification in India: Innovation History and Institutional Challenges, http://www.cgiar-ilac.org/system/files/private/Articles/SR I_India_innovation_institutions.pdf Rethinking innovation and development: Insights from the System of Rice Intensification (SRI) in India by C. Shambu Prasad, Xavier Institute of Management, Bhubaneswar, Orissa, India, The Innovation Journal: The Public Sector Innovation Journal, Volume 12(2), 2007, article 3, http://www.innovation.cc/peer-reviewed/prasad_p2rethinking _innovat3.pdf System of Rice Intensification: Experiences of Farmers in India by Dr. Biksham Gujja, Dr. N. Loganandhan, Dr. V. Vinod Goud (Ed.), November, 2008, WWF-ICRISAT Project, http://sri-india.110mb.com/documents/Farmersexperiences.pdf Report of Sub-Committee on More crop and income per drop of water, Ministry of Water Resources, October 2006, http://cwc.gov.in/main/webpages/3.doc The System of Rice Intensification (SRI) as a System of Agricultural Innovation by Norman Uphoff (2007), http://www.future-agricultures.org/farmerfirst/files/T1c_U phoff.pdf The System of Rice Intensification, A collaborative effort of Association Tefy Saina, Antanarivo, Madagascar and the Cornell International Institute for Food, Agriculture and Development (CIIFAD), http://ciifad.cornell.edu/sri/ System of Rice Intensification (SRI): An Alternative in Paddy Cultivation, Watershed Support Services and Activities Network (WASSAN), http://www.wassan.org/sri/ System of Rice Intensification (SRI), India, http://www.sri-india.net/ Get More From Less With System of Rice Intensification (SRI), The World Bank. http://web.worldbank.org/WBSITE/EXTERNAL/WBI/WBIPROGRAMS/W BIWATER/0,,contentMDK:21810464~pagePK:64156158~piPK:641528 84~theSitePK:443986,00.html Berkelaar, D. (2001) „SRI -- The System of Rice Intensification: Less Can Be More, ECHO Development Notes, No. 70., http://www.echotech.org/network/modules.php?name=News& file=article&sid=461 Zheng, J.G., Lu X.J., Jiang X.L. and Tang Y.L. (2004): The System of Rice Intensification for super-high yields of rice in Sichuan basin, in T. Fischer et al. (eds.), New Directions for a Diverse Planet: Proc. of the 4th Intl. Crop Science Congress, http://www.cropscience.org.au/icsc2004/poster/2/3/319_zhengjg.htm   Rice Wars, Institute of Science in Society, http://www.i-sis.org.uk/RiceWars.php System of Rice Intensification—Optimising production with fewer inputs by Vibhu Nayar and VK Ravichandran, The Hindu Business Line, 4 April, 2008, http://www.thehindubusinessline.com/2008/04/04/stories/200 8040450240900.htm

 

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