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			'days' => (float) 735,
			'currentdate' => (int) 1734939987,
			'modified' => '2022-12-20 05:39:23',
			'modifydate' => (int) 1671494400,
			'seo_url' => 'hunger-hdi/hunger-overview-40.html'
		],
		(int) 15 => [
			'title' => 'HDI Overview',
			'days' => (float) 750,
			'currentdate' => (int) 1734939987,
			'modified' => '2022-12-05 01:24:58',
			'modifydate' => (int) 1670198400,
			'seo_url' => 'hunger-hdi/hdi-overview-45.html'
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		(int) 14 => [
			'title' => 'PDS/ Ration/ Food Security',
			'days' => (float) 797,
			'currentdate' => (int) 1734939987,
			'modified' => '2022-10-19 03:14:42',
			'modifydate' => (int) 1666137600,
			'seo_url' => 'hunger-hdi/pds-ration-food-security-42.html'
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		(int) 57 => [
			'title' => 'SDGs',
			'days' => (float) 847,
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			'modified' => '2022-08-30 02:45:06',
			'modifydate' => (int) 1661817600,
			'seo_url' => 'hunger-hdi/sdgs-113.html'
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		(int) 23 => [
			'title' => 'Mid Day Meal Scheme (MDMS)',
			'days' => (float) 1223,
			'currentdate' => (int) 1734939987,
			'modified' => '2021-08-19 12:40:33',
			'modifydate' => (int) 1629331200,
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	(int) 12 => [
		(int) 22 => [
			'title' => 'Time Bomb Ticking',
			'days' => (float) 727,
			'currentdate' => (int) 1734939987,
			'modified' => '2022-12-28 02:29:19',
			'modifydate' => (int) 1672185600,
			'seo_url' => 'environment/time-bomb-ticking-52.html'
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		(int) 25 => [
			'title' => 'Water and Sanitation',
			'days' => (float) 861,
			'currentdate' => (int) 1734939987,
			'modified' => '2022-08-16 03:24:37',
			'modifydate' => (int) 1660608000,
			'seo_url' => 'environment/water-and-sanitation-55.html'
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		(int) 24 => [
			'title' => 'Impact on Agriculture',
			'days' => (float) 1567,
			'currentdate' => (int) 1734939987,
			'modified' => '2020-09-09 09:23:52',
			'modifydate' => (int) 1599609600,
			'seo_url' => 'environment/impact-on-agriculture-54.html'
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	(int) 13 => [
		(int) 20358 => [
			'title' => 'Social Justice',
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			'modified' => '2024-04-19 12:29:31',
			'modifydate' => (int) 1713484800,
			'seo_url' => 'law-justice/social-justice-20500.html'
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		(int) 17 => [
			'title' => 'Access to Justice',
			'days' => (float) 580,
			'currentdate' => (int) 1734939987,
			'modified' => '2023-05-24 09:31:16',
			'modifydate' => (int) 1684886400,
			'seo_url' => 'law-justice/access-to-justice-47.html'
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		(int) 26 => [
			'title' => 'Human Rights',
			'days' => (float) 943,
			'currentdate' => (int) 1734939987,
			'modified' => '2022-05-26 01:30:51',
			'modifydate' => (int) 1653523200,
			'seo_url' => 'law-justice/human-rights-56.html'
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		(int) 8 => [
			'title' => 'Corruption',
			'days' => (float) 987,
			'currentdate' => (int) 1734939987,
			'modified' => '2022-04-12 03:14:21',
			'modifydate' => (int) 1649721600,
			'seo_url' => 'law-justice/corruption-35.html'
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		(int) 16 => [
			'title' => 'General Insecurity',
			'days' => (float) 1409,
			'currentdate' => (int) 1734939987,
			'modified' => '2021-02-14 04:34:06',
			'modifydate' => (int) 1613260800,
			'seo_url' => 'law-justice/general-insecurity-46.html'
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		(int) 19 => [
			'title' => 'Disaster &amp; Relief',
			'days' => (float) 1409,
			'currentdate' => (int) 1734939987,
			'modified' => '2021-02-14 04:23:38',
			'modifydate' => (int) 1613260800,
			'seo_url' => 'law-justice/disaster-relief-49.html'
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	'id' => (int) 63772,
	'title' => 'A layperson's guide to understanding the global Human Development Report 2021/22',
	'subheading' => null,
	'description' => '<p style="text-align:justify">It is hard for the media to ignore the findings of global Human Development Report (HDR) whenever a newer and updated version is released. Every time when the HDR is published by the United Nations Development Programme (UNDP), media persons and commentators tend to compare the performance of their respective countries with that of performance in previous years as also with respect to the relative performance of other nations.</p>

<p style="text-align:justify">One of the mistakes while looking at a country&#39;s performance in terms of human development index (HDI) overtime is to compare the rank as well as the HDI value <em>(a sort of score computed using a <a href="https://im4change.org/upload/files/Technical%20notes%20hdr2021-22_technical_notes.pdf">prescribed methodology</a>)</em> across different editions. In <a href="https://im4change.org/upload/files/2020_global_press_release_en.pdf">December 2020</a>, the <a href="https://im4change.org/upload/files/hdr2020.pdf">HDR 2020: The next frontier</a> <a href="https://im4change.org/upload/files/hdr2020.pdf">-- Human development and the Anthropocene</a> was published along with supporting documents and notes in order to facilitate the readers to correctly interpret the results from that report. One of the documents -- &#39;<a href="https://im4change.org/upload/files/Briefing%20note%20for%20India%20on%20the%20HDR%202020%281%29.pdf">Briefing note for countries on the 2020</a> <a href="https://im4change.org/upload/files/Briefing%20note%20for%20India%20on%20the%20HDR%202020%281%29.pdf">Human Development Report</a>&#39;, among other things, provided HDI trends based on consistent time-series data and new <a href="/upload/files/Goalpost.png">goalposts</a>. The <a href="https://im4change.org/upload/files/Briefing%20note%20for%20India%20on%20the%20HDR%202020%281%29.pdf">same briefing note</a> for India cautioned the readers that:&nbsp;</p>

<p style="text-align:justify"><em>&quot;It is misleading to compare values and rankings with those of previously published reports, because of revisions and updates of the underlying data and adjustments to goalposts. Readers are advised to assess progress in HDI values by referring to Table 2 (&lsquo;Human Development Index Trends&rsquo;) in the 2020 Human Development Report. Table 2 is based on consistent indicators, methodology and time-series data and, thus, shows real changes in values and ranks over time, reflecting the actual progress countries have made. Small changes in values should be interpreted with caution as they may not be statistically significant due to sampling variation. Generally speaking, changes at the level of the third decimal place in any of the composite indices are considered insignificant.&quot;&nbsp;</em></p>

<p style="text-align:justify">The <u>India-specific briefing note has not been published along with the</u> <u><a href="https://im4change.org/upload/files/HDR%202021-22%20Full%20Report.pdf">HDR 2021/22: Uncertain</a> <a href="https://im4change.org/upload/files/HDR%202021-22%20Full%20Report.pdf">times, unsettled lives --</a> <a href="https://im4change.org/upload/files/HDR%202021-22%20Full%20Report.pdf">Shaping our future in a transforming world</a></u>, which was released in <a href="https://im4change.org/upload/files/Press%20Release%20HDR%2021-22%20on%20India.pdf">September this year</a>. However, the <a href="https://im4change.org/upload/files/HDR%202021-22%20Comparison%20over%20time%20and%20across%20editions%281%29.jpg">Readers&#39; Guide to the HDR</a> <em>(Page 279 of 320, HDR 2021/22)</em> notes the following on comparisons over time and across editions:&nbsp;</p>

<p style="text-align:justify"><em>&ldquo;Because national and international agencies continually improve their data series, the data&mdash;including the HDI values and ranks&mdash;presented in this report are not comparable to those published in earlier editions. For HDI comparability across years and countries, see table 2, which presents trends using consistent data, or <a href="https://hdr.undp.org/data-center">https://hdr.undp.org/data-center</a>, which presents interpolated consistent data.&rdquo;</em></p>

<p style="text-align:justify"><span style="background-color:#ccff00">Based on consistent indicators, methodology and time-series data as provided in </span><a href="http://docs.google.com/spreadsheets/d/1h3G42IZ_vibg02L3aQGx-2UL5dS8zHe_/edit#gid=363141873"><span style="background-color:#ccff00">table-2</span></a><span style="background-color:#ccff00"> related to the HDR 2021/22, the country&#39;s HDI values were found to be 0.434 in 1990, 0.491 in 2000, 0.575 in 2010, 0.629 in 2015, 0.645 in 2018, 0.645 in 2019, 0.642 in 2020 and 0.633 in 2021.</span></p>

<p style="text-align:justify">Please note that <a href="https://docs.google.com/spreadsheets/d/1h3G42IZ_vibg02L3aQGx-2UL5dS8zHe_/edit?rtpof=true&amp;sd=true#gid=363141873">table-2. Human Development</a> <a href="https://docs.google.com/spreadsheets/d/1h3G42IZ_vibg02L3aQGx-2UL5dS8zHe_/edit?rtpof=true&amp;sd=true#gid=363141873">Index trends, 1990-2021</a>, provides a <a href="/upload/files/Screenshot%20table%202%20explanation%281%29.jpg">time series of HDI values</a> <a href="/upload/files/Screenshot%20table%202%20explanation%281%29.jpg">allowing 2021 HDI values</a> <a href="/upload/files/Screenshot%20table%202%20explanation%281%29.jpg">to be compared against those for previous years</a>. The <a href="/upload/files/Screenshot%20table%202%20explanation%281%29.jpg">table uses</a> the most recently revised historical data available in 2022 and the same methodology applied to compute 2021 HDI values. The <a href="/upload/files/Screenshot%20table%202%20explanation%281%29.jpg">table also includes</a> the change in HDI rank over the last six years and the average annual HDI growth rate across four-time intervals: 1990&ndash;2000, 2000&ndash;2010, 2010&ndash;2021 and 1990&ndash;2021.</p>

<p style="text-align:justify"><span style="background-color:#ccff00">Apart from table-2, one finds from </span><a href="https://docs.google.com/spreadsheets/d/1O_Kzjk0qf7gJXoAJvgf9xsaln6BMLZbf/edit#gid=730322736"><span style="background-color:#ccff00">table-1. Human Development Index</span></a><span style="background-color:#ccff00"> </span><a href="https://docs.google.com/spreadsheets/d/1O_Kzjk0qf7gJXoAJvgf9xsaln6BMLZbf/edit#gid=730322736"><span style="background-color:#ccff00">and its components</span></a><span style="background-color:#ccff00"> that India&#39;s HDI rank for 2020 was </span><a href="https://docs.google.com/spreadsheets/d/1O_Kzjk0qf7gJXoAJvgf9xsaln6BMLZbf/edit#gid=730322736"><span style="background-color:#ccff00">130 out of 191 countries</span></a><span style="background-color:#ccff00"> and UN recognized territories&nbsp;</span><em><span style="background-color:#ccff00">(</span><a href="/upload/files/Screenshot%20table%202%20explanation%281%29.jpg"><span style="background-color:#ccff00">calculated using the most recently</span></a><span style="background-color:#ccff00"> </span><a href="/upload/files/Screenshot%20table%202%20explanation%281%29.jpg"><span style="background-color:#ccff00">revised historical data available in 2022</span></a><span style="background-color:#ccff00">)</span></em><span style="background-color:#ccff00">, which dropped by two places to </span><a href="https://docs.google.com/spreadsheets/d/1O_Kzjk0qf7gJXoAJvgf9xsaln6BMLZbf/edit#gid=730322736"><span style="background-color:#ccff00">132 out of 191 countries</span></a><span style="background-color:#ccff00"> and UN recognized territories for the 2021 HDI, among other things.</span> &nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp;</p>

<p style="text-align:justify"><strong>Misreporting by the media</strong></p>

<p style="text-align:justify">The news media did two terrible mistakes while covering the <a href="https://im4change.org/upload/files/HDR%202021-22%20Full%20Report.pdf">HDR 2021/22</a>. Firstly, it did not talk about the HDI values <em>(or scores) </em>for India <em>(as provided in <a href="https://docs.google.com/spreadsheets/d/1h3G42IZ_vibg02L3aQGx-2UL5dS8zHe_/edit?rtpof=true&amp;sd=true#gid=363141873">table-2</a></em>&nbsp;<em>related to the HDR 2021/22)</em> that changed over the years <em>(computed&nbsp;using consistent indicators, methodology and time-series data)</em>.</p>

<p style="text-align:justify">Secondly, most news reports after wrongfully comparing <a href="https://im4change.org/upload/files/HDR%202021-22%20Full%20Report.pdf">HDR 2021/22</a> against&nbsp;<a href="https://im4change.org/upload/files/hdr2020.pdf">HDR 2020</a> stated that India&#39;s HDI ranking fell from 131 in 2020 to 132 in 2021. This indicates how they mistook the year of publication <em>(i.e., of the <a href="https://im4change.org/upload/files/hdr2020.pdf">HDR 2020</a>)</em> to be the year for which India&#39;s HDI score and ranking were computed. Besides, they did not consult <a href="https://docs.google.com/spreadsheets/d/1O_Kzjk0qf7gJXoAJvgf9xsaln6BMLZbf/edit#gid=730322736">table-1</a> related to the <a href="http://im4change.org/upload/files/HDR%202021-22%20Full%20Report.pdf">HDR 2021/22</a>.</p>

<p style="text-align:justify">It is worth noting that the earlier published&nbsp;<a href="https://im4change.org/upload/files/hdr2020.pdf">HDR 2020</a>&nbsp;had actually provided HDI values and rankings for different countries till 2019 on the basis of consistent indicators, methodology and time-series data.&nbsp;</p>

<p style="text-align:justify">Please see the images below for understanding how the media in India reported incorrectly about India&#39;s performance in 2021 as per the&nbsp;<a href="http://im4change.org/upload/files/HDR%202021-22%20Full%20Report.pdf">HDR 2021/22</a>.</p>

<p style="text-align:justify"><strong>---</strong></p>

<p style="text-align:justify"><strong><span style="font-size:24px"><span style="background-color:#f1c40f">Hindi Media Coverage</span></span></strong></p>

<p style="text-align:justify"><strong><span style="font-size:20px"><span style="color:#d35400">1. Financial Express Hindi</span></span></strong></p>

<p style="text-align:justify"><span style="color:#d35400"><span style="font-size:18px"><img alt="" src="/upload/images/financial%20exp..PNG" style="height:292px; width:681px" /></span></span></p>

<p style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:20px"><strong>Source: Please <a href="http://www.financialexpress.com/hindi/india-news/indias-rank-on-undps-global-human-development-index-falls-one-notch-to-132/2660869/">click</a> <a href="https://www.financialexpress.com/hindi/india-news/indias-rank-on-undps-global-human-development-index-falls-one-notch-to-132/2660869/">here</a> to access.</strong></span></p>

<p style="text-align:justify">&nbsp;</p>

<p style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:20px"><strong><span style="color:#d35400">2. Business Standard</span></strong></span></p>

<p style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:20px"><strong><span style="color:#d35400"><img alt="" src="/upload/images/bshindi.PNG" style="height:321px; width:665px" /></span></strong></span></p>

<p style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:20px"><strong>Source: Please <a href="http://hindi.business-standard.com/storypage.php?autono=190440">click</a> <a href="https://hindi.business-standard.com/storypage.php?autono=190440">here</a> to access.</strong></span></p>

<p style="text-align:justify">&nbsp;</p>

<p style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:20px"><strong><span style="color:#d35400">3. ABP Hindi</span></strong></span></p>

<p style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:20px"><strong><img alt="" src="/upload/images/abp%20hindi.PNG" style="height:151px; width:870px" /></strong></span></p>

<p style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:20px"><strong>Source: Please <a href="http://www.abplive.com/news/india/india-got-132-rank-in-united-nation-human-development-2211471">click</a> <a href="https://www.abplive.com/news/india/india-got-132-rank-in-united-nation-human-development-2211471">here</a> to access.</strong></span></p>

<p style="text-align:justify">&nbsp;</p>

<p style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:20px"><strong><span style="color:#d35400">4. Jagran Josh</span></strong></span></p>

<p style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:20px"><strong><span style="color:#d35400"><img alt="" src="/upload/images/jagaran.PNG" style="height:346px; width:662px" /></span></strong></span></p>

<p style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:20px"><strong>Source: Please <a href="http://www.jagranjosh.com/current-affairs/india-ranks-132nd-in-un-human-development-index-report-1662722132-2">click</a> <a href="https://www.jagranjosh.com/current-affairs/india-ranks-132nd-in-un-human-development-index-report-1662722132-2">here</a> to access.</strong></span></p>

<p style="text-align:justify">&nbsp;</p>

<p style="text-align:justify"><span style="color:#d35400"><span style="font-size:20px"><strong>5. Navbharat Times</strong></span></span></p>

<p style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:20px"><strong><img alt="" src="/upload/images/navbharat%20times.PNG" style="height:136px; width:689px" /></strong></span></p>

<p style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:20px"><strong>Source: </strong></span><strong><span style="font-size:20px">Please <a href="http://navbharattimes.indiatimes.com/business/business-news/india-slips-to-132nd-rank-in-undps-human-development-index/articleshow/94077430.cms">click</a> <a href="https://navbharattimes.indiatimes.com/business/business-news/india-slips-to-132nd-rank-in-undps-human-development-index/articleshow/94077430.cms">here</a> to access.</span></strong></p>

<p style="text-align:justify">&nbsp;</p>

<p style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:20px"><span style="color:#d35400"><strong>6. CNBC-AWAAZ</strong></span></span></p>

<p style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:20px"><span style="color:#d35400"><strong><img alt="" src="/upload/images/CNBC.PNG" style="height:527px; width:623px" /></strong></span></span></p>

<p style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:20px"><strong>Source: Please <a href="http://twitter.com/CNBC_Awaaz/status/1568206432360857600?s=20&amp;t=6B3JOwjD2X-R9S00wI9E6A">click</a> <a href="https://twitter.com/CNBC_Awaaz/status/1568206432360857600?s=20&amp;t=6B3JOwjD2X-R9S00wI9E6A">here</a> to access.</strong></span></p>

<p style="text-align:justify">&nbsp;</p>

<p style="text-align:justify"><strong><span style="font-size:22px"><span style="background-color:#f1c40f">English Media Coverage</span></span></strong></p>

<p style="text-align:justify"><span style="color:#d35400"><span style="font-size:20px"><strong>1. The Hindu</strong></span></span></p>

<p style="text-align:justify"><span style="color:#d35400"><span style="font-size:20px"><strong><img alt="" src="/upload/images/the%20hindu.PNG" style="height:641px; width:649px" /></strong></span></span></p>

<p style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:20px"><strong>Source: Please <a href="http://www.thehindu.com/news/national/india-ranks-132-out-of-191-in-undps-human-development-index/article65866108.ece">click</a> <a href="https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/india-ranks-132-out-of-191-in-undps-human-development-index/article65866108.ece">here</a> to access.&nbsp;</strong></span></p>

<p style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:20px"><strong><span style="color:#d35400">2. TheWire.in</span></strong></span></p>

<p style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:20px"><strong><img alt="" src="/upload/images/THE%20WIRE.PNG" style="height:172px; width:764px" /></strong></span></p>

<p style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:20px"><strong>Source: Please <a href="http://thewire.in/government/india-hdi-undp-report-fall-wealth-inequality">click</a> <a href="https://thewire.in/government/india-hdi-undp-report-fall-wealth-inequality">here </a>to access.</strong></span></p>

<p style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:20px"><strong><span style="color:#d35400">3. Samachar Live</span></strong></span></p>

<p style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:20px"><strong><img alt="" src="/upload/images/samachar%20live.PNG" style="height:206px; width:649px" /></strong></span></p>

<p style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:20px"><strong>Source: Please <a href="http://samacharlive.com/india-ranks-132-in-un-human-development-index-rating-slips-by-one-rank/">click</a> <a href="https://samacharlive.com/india-ranks-132-in-un-human-development-index-rating-slips-by-one-rank/">here</a> to access.&nbsp;</strong></span></p>

<p style="text-align:justify"><strong>---</strong></p>

<p style="text-align:justify"><strong>Pakistan&rsquo;s HDI ranking</strong></p>

<p style="text-align:justify">From <a href="https://docs.google.com/spreadsheets/d/1O_Kzjk0qf7gJXoAJvgf9xsaln6BMLZbf/edit#gid=730322736">table-1</a> pertaining to the HDR 2021/22, one observes that Pakistan&#39;s HDI ranking did not change between 2020 and 2021 <em>(<a href="https://im4change.org/upload/files/Screenshot%20table%202%20explanation%281%29.jpg">calculated using the most recently revised</a> <a href="https://im4change.org/upload/files/Screenshot%20table%202%20explanation%281%29.jpg">historical data available in 2022</a>)</em>. It remained at <a href="https://docs.google.com/spreadsheets/d/1O_Kzjk0qf7gJXoAJvgf9xsaln6BMLZbf/edit#gid=730322736">161st position out of 191 countries</a> in these two years. Yet the news media in India was particularly interested to show how Pakistan&#39;s HDI ranking fell by 7 places between 2020 and 2021. Without even looking at <a href="https://docs.google.com/spreadsheets/d/1O_Kzjk0qf7gJXoAJvgf9xsaln6BMLZbf/edit#gid=730322736">table-1</a> related to the&nbsp;<a href="https://im4change.org/upload/files/HDR%202021-22%20Full%20Report.pdf">HDR 2021/22</a>, the news media compared <a href="https://im4change.org/upload/files/HDR%202021-22%20Full%20Report.pdf">HDR 2021/22</a> against <a href="https://im4change.org/upload/files/hdr2020.pdf">HDR 2020</a>. On top of that, in the case of Pakistan too, they mistook the year of publication&nbsp;<em>(i.e., of the <a href="https://im4change.org/upload/files/hdr2020.pdf">HDR 2020</a>)</em> to be the year for which its HDI score and ranking were calculated.&nbsp;</p>

<p style="text-align:justify">Kindly have a look at the following headlines.&nbsp;<br />
<strong>---</strong></p>

<p style="text-align:justify"><strong><span style="color:#000000"><span style="font-size:24px"><span style="background-color:#16a085">Pakistan&#39;s coverage by the media in India</span></span></span></strong></p>

<p style="text-align:justify"><span style="color:#c0392b"><span style="font-size:20px"><strong>1. Business Standard&nbsp;</strong></span></span></p>

<p style="text-align:justify"><span style="color:#c0392b"><span style="font-size:20px"><strong><img alt="" src="/upload/images/BUSINESS%20STANDERD.PNG" style="height:333px; width:677px" /></strong></span></span></p>

<p style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:20px"><strong>Source: Please <a href="http://www.business-standard.com/article/international/pakistan-drops-7-places-to-161st-rank-in-human-development-index-122090900373_1.html">click</a> <a href="https://www.business-standard.com/article/international/pakistan-drops-7-places-to-161st-rank-in-human-development-index-122090900373_1.html">here</a> to access</strong></span><span style="color:#c0392b"><span style="font-size:20px"><strong>.</strong></span></span></p>

<p style="text-align:justify"><span style="color:#e74c3c"><strong><span style="font-size:20px">2. Amar Ujala</span></strong></span></p>

<p style="text-align:justify"><strong><span style="font-size:20px"><img alt="" src="/upload/images/AMAR%20UJALA.PNG" style="height:185px; width:679px" /></span></strong></p>

<p style="text-align:justify"><strong><span style="font-size:20px">Source: Please <a href="http://www.amarujala.com/world/pakistan-human-development-index-declines-it-ranked-161st">click</a> <a href="https://www.amarujala.com/world/pakistan-human-development-index-declines-it-ranked-161st">here</a> to access.</span></strong></p>

<p style="text-align:justify"><strong><span style="font-size:20px"><span style="color:#e74c3c">3. Dainik Jagran</span></span></strong></p>

<p style="text-align:justify"><strong><span style="font-size:20px"><span style="color:#e74c3c"><img alt="" src="/upload/images/PAKISTAN.PNG" style="height:292px; width:581px" /></span></span></strong></p>

<p style="text-align:justify"><strong><span style="font-size:20px">Source: Please <a href="http://www.jagran.com/world/other-pakistan-drops-7-places-to-161st-rank-in-human-development-index-jagran-special-23056820.html">click</a> <a href="https://www.jagran.com/world/other-pakistan-drops-7-places-to-161st-rank-in-human-development-index-jagran-special-23056820.html">here</a> to access.</span></strong></p>

<p style="text-align:justify"><strong><span style="font-size:20px"><span style="color:#d35400">4. Zee Salaam</span></span></strong></p>

<p style="text-align:justify"><strong><span style="font-size:20px"><span style="color:#d35400"><img alt="" src="/upload/images/%E0%A5%9B%E0%A5%80%20%E0%A4%AA%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A8.PNG" style="height:156px; width:1004px" /></span></span></strong></p>

<p style="text-align:justify"><strong><span style="font-size:20px">Source: Please <a href="http://zeenews.india.com/hindi/zeesalaam/world-news/pakistan-drops-7-places-in-human-development-index-know-india-ranking-htzs/1344327">click</a> <a href="https://zeenews.india.com/hindi/zeesalaam/world-news/pakistan-drops-7-places-in-human-development-index-know-india-ranking-htzs/1344327">here</a> to access.</span></strong></p>

<p style="text-align:justify"><strong><span style="color:#d35400"><span style="font-size:20px">5. Asianet News</span></span></strong></p>

<p style="text-align:justify"><strong><span style="color:#d35400"><span style="font-size:20px"><img alt="" src="/upload/images/ASIAN%20NET.PNG" style="height:234px; width:906px" /></span></span></strong></p>

<p style="text-align:justify"><strong><span style="font-size:20px">Source: Please <a href="http://hindi.asianetnews.com/world-news/corona-climate-change-and-russia-ukraine-war-stopped-human-development-pakistan-drops-7-places-to-161st-rank-kpa-rhz7x5">click</a> <a href="https://hindi.asianetnews.com/world-news/corona-climate-change-and-russia-ukraine-war-stopped-human-development-pakistan-drops-7-places-to-161st-rank-kpa-rhz7x5">here</a> to access.</span></strong></p>

<p style="text-align:justify"><strong><span style="font-size:20px"><span style="color:#e74c3c">6. Republic News</span></span></strong></p>

<p style="text-align:justify"><strong><span style="font-size:20px"><span style="color:#e74c3c"><img alt="" src="/upload/images/republic%20world.PNG" style="height:278px; width:808px" /></span></span></strong></p>

<p style="text-align:justify"><strong><span style="font-size:20px">Source: Please <a href="http://www.republicworld.com/world-news/pakistan-news/pakistan-down-on-human-development-index-by-seven-places-ranks-161-out-of-192-nations-articleshow.html">click</a> <a href="https://www.republicworld.com/world-news/pakistan-news/pakistan-down-on-human-development-index-by-seven-places-ranks-161-out-of-192-nations-articleshow.html">here</a> to access.</span></strong><br />
<strong>---</strong></p>

<p style="text-align:justify">Aside from the Indian media, the media in Pakistan also wrongly reported about her performance in terms of HDI ranking. Please see the images below.&nbsp;</p>

<p style="text-align:justify"><strong>---</strong></p>

<p style="text-align:justify"><strong><span style="color:#000000"><span style="font-size:24px"><span style="background-color:#16a085">Coverage by Pakistan&#39;s media</span></span></span></strong></p>

<p style="text-align:justify"><span style="color:#9b59b6"><span style="font-size:20px"><strong>1. The Friday Times</strong></span></span></p>

<p style="text-align:justify"><span style="color:#9b59b6"><span style="font-size:20px"><strong><img alt="" src="/upload/images/THE%20FT%20PAK.PNG" style="height:258px; width:777px" /></strong></span></span></p>

<p style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:20px"><strong>Source: Please <a href="http://www.thefridaytimes.com/2022/09/09/pakistan-down-on-human-development-index-by-seven-places-ranks-161st/">click</a> <a href="https://www.thefridaytimes.com/2022/09/09/pakistan-down-on-human-development-index-by-seven-places-ranks-161st/">here</a> to access.</strong></span></p>

<p style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:20px"><strong><span style="color:#9b59b6">2. The News International</span></strong></span></p>

<p style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:20px"><strong><span style="color:#9b59b6"><img alt="" src="/upload/images/the%20news.PNG" style="height:215px; width:980px" /></span></strong></span></p>

<p style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:20px"><strong>Source: Please <a href="http://www.thenews.com.pk/print/989724-pakistan-down-on-human-development-index-by-7-slots">click</a> <a href="https://www.thenews.com.pk/print/989724-pakistan-down-on-human-development-index-by-7-slots">here</a> to access.</strong></span></p>

<p style="text-align:justify"><span style="color:#9b59b6"><span style="font-size:20px"><strong>3. P</strong></span></span><span style="font-size:20px"><strong><span style="color:#9b59b6">roPakistani</span></strong></span></p>

<p style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:20px"><strong><span style="color:#9b59b6"><img alt="" src="/upload/images/propakistani.PNG" style="height:188px; width:1057px" /></span></strong></span></p>

<p style="text-align:justify">&nbsp;</p>

<p style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:20px"><strong>Source: Please <a href="http://propakistani.pk/2022/09/10/pakistan-drops-7-positions-on-human-development-index-2021/">click</a> <a href="https://propakistani.pk/2022/09/10/pakistan-drops-7-positions-on-human-development-index-2021/">here</a> to access.</strong></span></p>

<p style="text-align:justify">---</p>

<p style="text-align:justify"><br />
<strong>Why did the media get it so wrong?</strong>&nbsp;</p>

<p style="text-align:justify">We think that the media reported wrongly, as explained earlier, about the HDR 2021/22, for the following reasons:</p>

<p style="text-align:justify"><strong>-</strong>&nbsp;Desk-based journalists are not provided adequate training on how to read a report, including its methodology. They just reproduce content from wire services&nbsp;i.e., news agencies after making simple modifications.&nbsp;</p>

<p style="text-align:justify"><strong>-</strong> The culture of breaking news without verification can lead to misreporting. Experts are not consulted while preparing a news report or breaking news.&nbsp;</p>

<p style="text-align:justify"><strong>-</strong> Lapses at the end of editor, which includes missing to cross-check&nbsp;facts, inadequate domain expertise, etc. can cause misreporting.</p>

<p style="text-align:justify"><strong>-</strong> Training of journalists is not given enough attention by the media organisations.&nbsp;</p>

<p style="text-align:justify"><strong>-</strong> Research agencies responsible for the release of reports should provide a separate&nbsp;easy explainer well in advance of media reporting. Most of the time, this is not done.&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp;</p>

<p style="text-align:justify"><strong>-</strong> Research agencies responsible for the release of reports should organise seminar or symposium for those journalists who are assigned to cover such special reports and/or events. Online dissemination of press releases cannot clear the doubts of most journalists. Besides, physical training and capacity building workshops too can be arranged for journalists who cover such reports.&nbsp;</p>

<p style="text-align:justify"><br />
<strong><em>References:</em></strong></p>

<p style="text-align:justify">Human Development Report 2021-22: Uncertain times, unsettled lives -- Shaping our future in a transforming world, produced by United Nations Development Programme (UNDP), released in September 2022, please click&nbsp;<a href="https://im4change.org/upload/files/HDR%202021-22%20Full%20Report.pdf" title="/upload/files/HDR%202021-22%20Full%20Report.pdf">here</a>,&nbsp;<a href="https://im4change.org/upload/files/HDR21-22_Press%20Release%20English.pdf" title="/upload/files/HDR21-22_Press%20Release%20English.pdf">here</a>,&nbsp;<a href="https://im4change.org/upload/files/India%20Specific%20country%20data%20_%20Human%20Development%20Report%202021-22.pdf" title="/upload/files/India%20Specific%20country%20data%20_%20Human%20Development%20Report%202021-22.pdf">here</a>,&nbsp;<a href="https://im4change.org/upload/files/Technical%20notes%20hdr2021-22_technical_notes.pdf" title="/upload/files/Technical%20notes%20hdr2021-22_technical_notes.pdf">here</a>&nbsp;and&nbsp;<a href="https://im4change.org/upload/files/Press%20Release%20HDR%2021-22%20on%20India.pdf" title="/upload/files/Press%20Release%20HDR%2021-22%20on%20India.pdf">here</a>&nbsp;to access</p>

<p style="text-align:justify">Human Development Report 2020: The next frontier -- Human development and the Anthropocene, produced by United Nations Development Programme (UNDP), released in December 2020, please click&nbsp;<a href="https://im4change.org/upload/files/hdr2020.pdf" title="/upload/files/hdr2020.pdf">here</a>,&nbsp;<a href="https://im4change.org/upload/files/Briefing%20note%20for%20India%20on%20the%20HDR%202020.pdf" title="/upload/files/Briefing%20note%20for%20India%20on%20the%20HDR%202020.pdf">here</a>,&nbsp;<a href="https://im4change.org/upload/files/hdr2020_technical_notes.pdf" title="/upload/files/hdr2020_technical_notes.pdf">here</a>,&nbsp;and&nbsp;<a href="https://im4change.org/upload/files/2020_global_press_release_en.pdf" title="/upload/files/2020_global_press_release_en.pdf">here</a>&nbsp;to access</p>

<p style="text-align:justify">&nbsp;</p>

<p style="text-align:justify"><strong>Image Courtesy:&nbsp;<a href="http://im4change.org/upload/files/HDR%202021-22%20Full%20Report.pdf">Human Development Report 2021-22</a></strong></p>
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	'title' => 'A layperson's guide to understanding the global Human Development Report 2021/22',
	'subheading' => null,
	'description' => '<p style="text-align:justify">It is hard for the media to ignore the findings of global Human Development Report (HDR) whenever a newer and updated version is released. Every time when the HDR is published by the United Nations Development Programme (UNDP), media persons and commentators tend to compare the performance of their respective countries with that of performance in previous years as also with respect to the relative performance of other nations.</p>

<p style="text-align:justify">One of the mistakes while looking at a country&#39;s performance in terms of human development index (HDI) overtime is to compare the rank as well as the HDI value <em>(a sort of score computed using a <a href="https://im4change.org/upload/files/Technical%20notes%20hdr2021-22_technical_notes.pdf">prescribed methodology</a>)</em> across different editions. In <a href="https://im4change.org/upload/files/2020_global_press_release_en.pdf">December 2020</a>, the <a href="https://im4change.org/upload/files/hdr2020.pdf">HDR 2020: The next frontier</a> <a href="https://im4change.org/upload/files/hdr2020.pdf">-- Human development and the Anthropocene</a> was published along with supporting documents and notes in order to facilitate the readers to correctly interpret the results from that report. One of the documents -- &#39;<a href="https://im4change.org/upload/files/Briefing%20note%20for%20India%20on%20the%20HDR%202020%281%29.pdf">Briefing note for countries on the 2020</a> <a href="https://im4change.org/upload/files/Briefing%20note%20for%20India%20on%20the%20HDR%202020%281%29.pdf">Human Development Report</a>&#39;, among other things, provided HDI trends based on consistent time-series data and new <a href="/upload/files/Goalpost.png">goalposts</a>. The <a href="https://im4change.org/upload/files/Briefing%20note%20for%20India%20on%20the%20HDR%202020%281%29.pdf">same briefing note</a> for India cautioned the readers that:&nbsp;</p>

<p style="text-align:justify"><em>&quot;It is misleading to compare values and rankings with those of previously published reports, because of revisions and updates of the underlying data and adjustments to goalposts. Readers are advised to assess progress in HDI values by referring to Table 2 (&lsquo;Human Development Index Trends&rsquo;) in the 2020 Human Development Report. Table 2 is based on consistent indicators, methodology and time-series data and, thus, shows real changes in values and ranks over time, reflecting the actual progress countries have made. Small changes in values should be interpreted with caution as they may not be statistically significant due to sampling variation. Generally speaking, changes at the level of the third decimal place in any of the composite indices are considered insignificant.&quot;&nbsp;</em></p>

<p style="text-align:justify">The <u>India-specific briefing note has not been published along with the</u> <u><a href="https://im4change.org/upload/files/HDR%202021-22%20Full%20Report.pdf">HDR 2021/22: Uncertain</a> <a href="https://im4change.org/upload/files/HDR%202021-22%20Full%20Report.pdf">times, unsettled lives --</a> <a href="https://im4change.org/upload/files/HDR%202021-22%20Full%20Report.pdf">Shaping our future in a transforming world</a></u>, which was released in <a href="https://im4change.org/upload/files/Press%20Release%20HDR%2021-22%20on%20India.pdf">September this year</a>. However, the <a href="https://im4change.org/upload/files/HDR%202021-22%20Comparison%20over%20time%20and%20across%20editions%281%29.jpg">Readers&#39; Guide to the HDR</a> <em>(Page 279 of 320, HDR 2021/22)</em> notes the following on comparisons over time and across editions:&nbsp;</p>

<p style="text-align:justify"><em>&ldquo;Because national and international agencies continually improve their data series, the data&mdash;including the HDI values and ranks&mdash;presented in this report are not comparable to those published in earlier editions. For HDI comparability across years and countries, see table 2, which presents trends using consistent data, or <a href="https://hdr.undp.org/data-center">https://hdr.undp.org/data-center</a>, which presents interpolated consistent data.&rdquo;</em></p>

<p style="text-align:justify"><span style="background-color:#ccff00">Based on consistent indicators, methodology and time-series data as provided in </span><a href="http://docs.google.com/spreadsheets/d/1h3G42IZ_vibg02L3aQGx-2UL5dS8zHe_/edit#gid=363141873"><span style="background-color:#ccff00">table-2</span></a><span style="background-color:#ccff00"> related to the HDR 2021/22, the country&#39;s HDI values were found to be 0.434 in 1990, 0.491 in 2000, 0.575 in 2010, 0.629 in 2015, 0.645 in 2018, 0.645 in 2019, 0.642 in 2020 and 0.633 in 2021.</span></p>

<p style="text-align:justify">Please note that <a href="https://docs.google.com/spreadsheets/d/1h3G42IZ_vibg02L3aQGx-2UL5dS8zHe_/edit?rtpof=true&amp;sd=true#gid=363141873">table-2. Human Development</a> <a href="https://docs.google.com/spreadsheets/d/1h3G42IZ_vibg02L3aQGx-2UL5dS8zHe_/edit?rtpof=true&amp;sd=true#gid=363141873">Index trends, 1990-2021</a>, provides a <a href="/upload/files/Screenshot%20table%202%20explanation%281%29.jpg">time series of HDI values</a> <a href="/upload/files/Screenshot%20table%202%20explanation%281%29.jpg">allowing 2021 HDI values</a> <a href="/upload/files/Screenshot%20table%202%20explanation%281%29.jpg">to be compared against those for previous years</a>. The <a href="/upload/files/Screenshot%20table%202%20explanation%281%29.jpg">table uses</a> the most recently revised historical data available in 2022 and the same methodology applied to compute 2021 HDI values. The <a href="/upload/files/Screenshot%20table%202%20explanation%281%29.jpg">table also includes</a> the change in HDI rank over the last six years and the average annual HDI growth rate across four-time intervals: 1990&ndash;2000, 2000&ndash;2010, 2010&ndash;2021 and 1990&ndash;2021.</p>

<p style="text-align:justify"><span style="background-color:#ccff00">Apart from table-2, one finds from </span><a href="https://docs.google.com/spreadsheets/d/1O_Kzjk0qf7gJXoAJvgf9xsaln6BMLZbf/edit#gid=730322736"><span style="background-color:#ccff00">table-1. Human Development Index</span></a><span style="background-color:#ccff00"> </span><a href="https://docs.google.com/spreadsheets/d/1O_Kzjk0qf7gJXoAJvgf9xsaln6BMLZbf/edit#gid=730322736"><span style="background-color:#ccff00">and its components</span></a><span style="background-color:#ccff00"> that India&#39;s HDI rank for 2020 was </span><a href="https://docs.google.com/spreadsheets/d/1O_Kzjk0qf7gJXoAJvgf9xsaln6BMLZbf/edit#gid=730322736"><span style="background-color:#ccff00">130 out of 191 countries</span></a><span style="background-color:#ccff00"> and UN recognized territories&nbsp;</span><em><span style="background-color:#ccff00">(</span><a href="/upload/files/Screenshot%20table%202%20explanation%281%29.jpg"><span style="background-color:#ccff00">calculated using the most recently</span></a><span style="background-color:#ccff00"> </span><a href="/upload/files/Screenshot%20table%202%20explanation%281%29.jpg"><span style="background-color:#ccff00">revised historical data available in 2022</span></a><span style="background-color:#ccff00">)</span></em><span style="background-color:#ccff00">, which dropped by two places to </span><a href="https://docs.google.com/spreadsheets/d/1O_Kzjk0qf7gJXoAJvgf9xsaln6BMLZbf/edit#gid=730322736"><span style="background-color:#ccff00">132 out of 191 countries</span></a><span style="background-color:#ccff00"> and UN recognized territories for the 2021 HDI, among other things.</span> &nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp;</p>

<p style="text-align:justify"><strong>Misreporting by the media</strong></p>

<p style="text-align:justify">The news media did two terrible mistakes while covering the <a href="https://im4change.org/upload/files/HDR%202021-22%20Full%20Report.pdf">HDR 2021/22</a>. Firstly, it did not talk about the HDI values <em>(or scores) </em>for India <em>(as provided in <a href="https://docs.google.com/spreadsheets/d/1h3G42IZ_vibg02L3aQGx-2UL5dS8zHe_/edit?rtpof=true&amp;sd=true#gid=363141873">table-2</a></em>&nbsp;<em>related to the HDR 2021/22)</em> that changed over the years <em>(computed&nbsp;using consistent indicators, methodology and time-series data)</em>.</p>

<p style="text-align:justify">Secondly, most news reports after wrongfully comparing <a href="https://im4change.org/upload/files/HDR%202021-22%20Full%20Report.pdf">HDR 2021/22</a> against&nbsp;<a href="https://im4change.org/upload/files/hdr2020.pdf">HDR 2020</a> stated that India&#39;s HDI ranking fell from 131 in 2020 to 132 in 2021. This indicates how they mistook the year of publication <em>(i.e., of the <a href="https://im4change.org/upload/files/hdr2020.pdf">HDR 2020</a>)</em> to be the year for which India&#39;s HDI score and ranking were computed. Besides, they did not consult <a href="https://docs.google.com/spreadsheets/d/1O_Kzjk0qf7gJXoAJvgf9xsaln6BMLZbf/edit#gid=730322736">table-1</a> related to the <a href="http://im4change.org/upload/files/HDR%202021-22%20Full%20Report.pdf">HDR 2021/22</a>.</p>

<p style="text-align:justify">It is worth noting that the earlier published&nbsp;<a href="https://im4change.org/upload/files/hdr2020.pdf">HDR 2020</a>&nbsp;had actually provided HDI values and rankings for different countries till 2019 on the basis of consistent indicators, methodology and time-series data.&nbsp;</p>

<p style="text-align:justify">Please see the images below for understanding how the media in India reported incorrectly about India&#39;s performance in 2021 as per the&nbsp;<a href="http://im4change.org/upload/files/HDR%202021-22%20Full%20Report.pdf">HDR 2021/22</a>.</p>

<p style="text-align:justify"><strong>---</strong></p>

<p style="text-align:justify"><strong><span style="font-size:24px"><span style="background-color:#f1c40f">Hindi Media Coverage</span></span></strong></p>

<p style="text-align:justify"><strong><span style="font-size:20px"><span style="color:#d35400">1. Financial Express Hindi</span></span></strong></p>

<p style="text-align:justify"><span style="color:#d35400"><span style="font-size:18px"><img alt="" src="/upload/images/financial%20exp..PNG" style="height:292px; width:681px" /></span></span></p>

<p style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:20px"><strong>Source: Please <a href="http://www.financialexpress.com/hindi/india-news/indias-rank-on-undps-global-human-development-index-falls-one-notch-to-132/2660869/">click</a> <a href="https://www.financialexpress.com/hindi/india-news/indias-rank-on-undps-global-human-development-index-falls-one-notch-to-132/2660869/">here</a> to access.</strong></span></p>

<p style="text-align:justify">&nbsp;</p>

<p style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:20px"><strong><span style="color:#d35400">2. Business Standard</span></strong></span></p>

<p style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:20px"><strong><span style="color:#d35400"><img alt="" src="/upload/images/bshindi.PNG" style="height:321px; width:665px" /></span></strong></span></p>

<p style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:20px"><strong>Source: Please <a href="http://hindi.business-standard.com/storypage.php?autono=190440">click</a> <a href="https://hindi.business-standard.com/storypage.php?autono=190440">here</a> to access.</strong></span></p>

<p style="text-align:justify">&nbsp;</p>

<p style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:20px"><strong><span style="color:#d35400">3. ABP Hindi</span></strong></span></p>

<p style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:20px"><strong><img alt="" src="/upload/images/abp%20hindi.PNG" style="height:151px; width:870px" /></strong></span></p>

<p style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:20px"><strong>Source: Please <a href="http://www.abplive.com/news/india/india-got-132-rank-in-united-nation-human-development-2211471">click</a> <a href="https://www.abplive.com/news/india/india-got-132-rank-in-united-nation-human-development-2211471">here</a> to access.</strong></span></p>

<p style="text-align:justify">&nbsp;</p>

<p style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:20px"><strong><span style="color:#d35400">4. Jagran Josh</span></strong></span></p>

<p style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:20px"><strong><span style="color:#d35400"><img alt="" src="/upload/images/jagaran.PNG" style="height:346px; width:662px" /></span></strong></span></p>

<p style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:20px"><strong>Source: Please <a href="http://www.jagranjosh.com/current-affairs/india-ranks-132nd-in-un-human-development-index-report-1662722132-2">click</a> <a href="https://www.jagranjosh.com/current-affairs/india-ranks-132nd-in-un-human-development-index-report-1662722132-2">here</a> to access.</strong></span></p>

<p style="text-align:justify">&nbsp;</p>

<p style="text-align:justify"><span style="color:#d35400"><span style="font-size:20px"><strong>5. Navbharat Times</strong></span></span></p>

<p style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:20px"><strong><img alt="" src="/upload/images/navbharat%20times.PNG" style="height:136px; width:689px" /></strong></span></p>

<p style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:20px"><strong>Source: </strong></span><strong><span style="font-size:20px">Please <a href="http://navbharattimes.indiatimes.com/business/business-news/india-slips-to-132nd-rank-in-undps-human-development-index/articleshow/94077430.cms">click</a> <a href="https://navbharattimes.indiatimes.com/business/business-news/india-slips-to-132nd-rank-in-undps-human-development-index/articleshow/94077430.cms">here</a> to access.</span></strong></p>

<p style="text-align:justify">&nbsp;</p>

<p style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:20px"><span style="color:#d35400"><strong>6. CNBC-AWAAZ</strong></span></span></p>

<p style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:20px"><span style="color:#d35400"><strong><img alt="" src="/upload/images/CNBC.PNG" style="height:527px; width:623px" /></strong></span></span></p>

<p style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:20px"><strong>Source: Please <a href="http://twitter.com/CNBC_Awaaz/status/1568206432360857600?s=20&amp;t=6B3JOwjD2X-R9S00wI9E6A">click</a> <a href="https://twitter.com/CNBC_Awaaz/status/1568206432360857600?s=20&amp;t=6B3JOwjD2X-R9S00wI9E6A">here</a> to access.</strong></span></p>

<p style="text-align:justify">&nbsp;</p>

<p style="text-align:justify"><strong><span style="font-size:22px"><span style="background-color:#f1c40f">English Media Coverage</span></span></strong></p>

<p style="text-align:justify"><span style="color:#d35400"><span style="font-size:20px"><strong>1. The Hindu</strong></span></span></p>

<p style="text-align:justify"><span style="color:#d35400"><span style="font-size:20px"><strong><img alt="" src="/upload/images/the%20hindu.PNG" style="height:641px; width:649px" /></strong></span></span></p>

<p style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:20px"><strong>Source: Please <a href="http://www.thehindu.com/news/national/india-ranks-132-out-of-191-in-undps-human-development-index/article65866108.ece">click</a> <a href="https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/india-ranks-132-out-of-191-in-undps-human-development-index/article65866108.ece">here</a> to access.&nbsp;</strong></span></p>

<p style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:20px"><strong><span style="color:#d35400">2. TheWire.in</span></strong></span></p>

<p style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:20px"><strong><img alt="" src="/upload/images/THE%20WIRE.PNG" style="height:172px; width:764px" /></strong></span></p>

<p style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:20px"><strong>Source: Please <a href="http://thewire.in/government/india-hdi-undp-report-fall-wealth-inequality">click</a> <a href="https://thewire.in/government/india-hdi-undp-report-fall-wealth-inequality">here </a>to access.</strong></span></p>

<p style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:20px"><strong><span style="color:#d35400">3. Samachar Live</span></strong></span></p>

<p style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:20px"><strong><img alt="" src="/upload/images/samachar%20live.PNG" style="height:206px; width:649px" /></strong></span></p>

<p style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:20px"><strong>Source: Please <a href="http://samacharlive.com/india-ranks-132-in-un-human-development-index-rating-slips-by-one-rank/">click</a> <a href="https://samacharlive.com/india-ranks-132-in-un-human-development-index-rating-slips-by-one-rank/">here</a> to access.&nbsp;</strong></span></p>

<p style="text-align:justify"><strong>---</strong></p>

<p style="text-align:justify"><strong>Pakistan&rsquo;s HDI ranking</strong></p>

<p style="text-align:justify">From <a href="https://docs.google.com/spreadsheets/d/1O_Kzjk0qf7gJXoAJvgf9xsaln6BMLZbf/edit#gid=730322736">table-1</a> pertaining to the HDR 2021/22, one observes that Pakistan&#39;s HDI ranking did not change between 2020 and 2021 <em>(<a href="https://im4change.org/upload/files/Screenshot%20table%202%20explanation%281%29.jpg">calculated using the most recently revised</a> <a href="https://im4change.org/upload/files/Screenshot%20table%202%20explanation%281%29.jpg">historical data available in 2022</a>)</em>. It remained at <a href="https://docs.google.com/spreadsheets/d/1O_Kzjk0qf7gJXoAJvgf9xsaln6BMLZbf/edit#gid=730322736">161st position out of 191 countries</a> in these two years. Yet the news media in India was particularly interested to show how Pakistan&#39;s HDI ranking fell by 7 places between 2020 and 2021. Without even looking at <a href="https://docs.google.com/spreadsheets/d/1O_Kzjk0qf7gJXoAJvgf9xsaln6BMLZbf/edit#gid=730322736">table-1</a> related to the&nbsp;<a href="https://im4change.org/upload/files/HDR%202021-22%20Full%20Report.pdf">HDR 2021/22</a>, the news media compared <a href="https://im4change.org/upload/files/HDR%202021-22%20Full%20Report.pdf">HDR 2021/22</a> against <a href="https://im4change.org/upload/files/hdr2020.pdf">HDR 2020</a>. On top of that, in the case of Pakistan too, they mistook the year of publication&nbsp;<em>(i.e., of the <a href="https://im4change.org/upload/files/hdr2020.pdf">HDR 2020</a>)</em> to be the year for which its HDI score and ranking were calculated.&nbsp;</p>

<p style="text-align:justify">Kindly have a look at the following headlines.&nbsp;<br />
<strong>---</strong></p>

<p style="text-align:justify"><strong><span style="color:#000000"><span style="font-size:24px"><span style="background-color:#16a085">Pakistan&#39;s coverage by the media in India</span></span></span></strong></p>

<p style="text-align:justify"><span style="color:#c0392b"><span style="font-size:20px"><strong>1. Business Standard&nbsp;</strong></span></span></p>

<p style="text-align:justify"><span style="color:#c0392b"><span style="font-size:20px"><strong><img alt="" src="/upload/images/BUSINESS%20STANDERD.PNG" style="height:333px; width:677px" /></strong></span></span></p>

<p style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:20px"><strong>Source: Please <a href="http://www.business-standard.com/article/international/pakistan-drops-7-places-to-161st-rank-in-human-development-index-122090900373_1.html">click</a> <a href="https://www.business-standard.com/article/international/pakistan-drops-7-places-to-161st-rank-in-human-development-index-122090900373_1.html">here</a> to access</strong></span><span style="color:#c0392b"><span style="font-size:20px"><strong>.</strong></span></span></p>

<p style="text-align:justify"><span style="color:#e74c3c"><strong><span style="font-size:20px">2. Amar Ujala</span></strong></span></p>

<p style="text-align:justify"><strong><span style="font-size:20px"><img alt="" src="/upload/images/AMAR%20UJALA.PNG" style="height:185px; width:679px" /></span></strong></p>

<p style="text-align:justify"><strong><span style="font-size:20px">Source: Please <a href="http://www.amarujala.com/world/pakistan-human-development-index-declines-it-ranked-161st">click</a> <a href="https://www.amarujala.com/world/pakistan-human-development-index-declines-it-ranked-161st">here</a> to access.</span></strong></p>

<p style="text-align:justify"><strong><span style="font-size:20px"><span style="color:#e74c3c">3. Dainik Jagran</span></span></strong></p>

<p style="text-align:justify"><strong><span style="font-size:20px"><span style="color:#e74c3c"><img alt="" src="/upload/images/PAKISTAN.PNG" style="height:292px; width:581px" /></span></span></strong></p>

<p style="text-align:justify"><strong><span style="font-size:20px">Source: Please <a href="http://www.jagran.com/world/other-pakistan-drops-7-places-to-161st-rank-in-human-development-index-jagran-special-23056820.html">click</a> <a href="https://www.jagran.com/world/other-pakistan-drops-7-places-to-161st-rank-in-human-development-index-jagran-special-23056820.html">here</a> to access.</span></strong></p>

<p style="text-align:justify"><strong><span style="font-size:20px"><span style="color:#d35400">4. Zee Salaam</span></span></strong></p>

<p style="text-align:justify"><strong><span style="font-size:20px"><span style="color:#d35400"><img alt="" src="/upload/images/%E0%A5%9B%E0%A5%80%20%E0%A4%AA%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A8.PNG" style="height:156px; width:1004px" /></span></span></strong></p>

<p style="text-align:justify"><strong><span style="font-size:20px">Source: Please <a href="http://zeenews.india.com/hindi/zeesalaam/world-news/pakistan-drops-7-places-in-human-development-index-know-india-ranking-htzs/1344327">click</a> <a href="https://zeenews.india.com/hindi/zeesalaam/world-news/pakistan-drops-7-places-in-human-development-index-know-india-ranking-htzs/1344327">here</a> to access.</span></strong></p>

<p style="text-align:justify"><strong><span style="color:#d35400"><span style="font-size:20px">5. Asianet News</span></span></strong></p>

<p style="text-align:justify"><strong><span style="color:#d35400"><span style="font-size:20px"><img alt="" src="/upload/images/ASIAN%20NET.PNG" style="height:234px; width:906px" /></span></span></strong></p>

<p style="text-align:justify"><strong><span style="font-size:20px">Source: Please <a href="http://hindi.asianetnews.com/world-news/corona-climate-change-and-russia-ukraine-war-stopped-human-development-pakistan-drops-7-places-to-161st-rank-kpa-rhz7x5">click</a> <a href="https://hindi.asianetnews.com/world-news/corona-climate-change-and-russia-ukraine-war-stopped-human-development-pakistan-drops-7-places-to-161st-rank-kpa-rhz7x5">here</a> to access.</span></strong></p>

<p style="text-align:justify"><strong><span style="font-size:20px"><span style="color:#e74c3c">6. Republic News</span></span></strong></p>

<p style="text-align:justify"><strong><span style="font-size:20px"><span style="color:#e74c3c"><img alt="" src="/upload/images/republic%20world.PNG" style="height:278px; width:808px" /></span></span></strong></p>

<p style="text-align:justify"><strong><span style="font-size:20px">Source: Please <a href="http://www.republicworld.com/world-news/pakistan-news/pakistan-down-on-human-development-index-by-seven-places-ranks-161-out-of-192-nations-articleshow.html">click</a> <a href="https://www.republicworld.com/world-news/pakistan-news/pakistan-down-on-human-development-index-by-seven-places-ranks-161-out-of-192-nations-articleshow.html">here</a> to access.</span></strong><br />
<strong>---</strong></p>

<p style="text-align:justify">Aside from the Indian media, the media in Pakistan also wrongly reported about her performance in terms of HDI ranking. Please see the images below.&nbsp;</p>

<p style="text-align:justify"><strong>---</strong></p>

<p style="text-align:justify"><strong><span style="color:#000000"><span style="font-size:24px"><span style="background-color:#16a085">Coverage by Pakistan&#39;s media</span></span></span></strong></p>

<p style="text-align:justify"><span style="color:#9b59b6"><span style="font-size:20px"><strong>1. The Friday Times</strong></span></span></p>

<p style="text-align:justify"><span style="color:#9b59b6"><span style="font-size:20px"><strong><img alt="" src="/upload/images/THE%20FT%20PAK.PNG" style="height:258px; width:777px" /></strong></span></span></p>

<p style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:20px"><strong>Source: Please <a href="http://www.thefridaytimes.com/2022/09/09/pakistan-down-on-human-development-index-by-seven-places-ranks-161st/">click</a> <a href="https://www.thefridaytimes.com/2022/09/09/pakistan-down-on-human-development-index-by-seven-places-ranks-161st/">here</a> to access.</strong></span></p>

<p style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:20px"><strong><span style="color:#9b59b6">2. The News International</span></strong></span></p>

<p style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:20px"><strong><span style="color:#9b59b6"><img alt="" src="/upload/images/the%20news.PNG" style="height:215px; width:980px" /></span></strong></span></p>

<p style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:20px"><strong>Source: Please <a href="http://www.thenews.com.pk/print/989724-pakistan-down-on-human-development-index-by-7-slots">click</a> <a href="https://www.thenews.com.pk/print/989724-pakistan-down-on-human-development-index-by-7-slots">here</a> to access.</strong></span></p>

<p style="text-align:justify"><span style="color:#9b59b6"><span style="font-size:20px"><strong>3. P</strong></span></span><span style="font-size:20px"><strong><span style="color:#9b59b6">roPakistani</span></strong></span></p>

<p style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:20px"><strong><span style="color:#9b59b6"><img alt="" src="/upload/images/propakistani.PNG" style="height:188px; width:1057px" /></span></strong></span></p>

<p style="text-align:justify">&nbsp;</p>

<p style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:20px"><strong>Source: Please <a href="http://propakistani.pk/2022/09/10/pakistan-drops-7-positions-on-human-development-index-2021/">click</a> <a href="https://propakistani.pk/2022/09/10/pakistan-drops-7-positions-on-human-development-index-2021/">here</a> to access.</strong></span></p>

<p style="text-align:justify">---</p>

<p style="text-align:justify"><br />
<strong>Why did the media get it so wrong?</strong>&nbsp;</p>

<p style="text-align:justify">We think that the media reported wrongly, as explained earlier, about the HDR 2021/22, for the following reasons:</p>

<p style="text-align:justify"><strong>-</strong>&nbsp;Desk-based journalists are not provided adequate training on how to read a report, including its methodology. They just reproduce content from wire services&nbsp;i.e., news agencies after making simple modifications.&nbsp;</p>

<p style="text-align:justify"><strong>-</strong> The culture of breaking news without verification can lead to misreporting. Experts are not consulted while preparing a news report or breaking news.&nbsp;</p>

<p style="text-align:justify"><strong>-</strong> Lapses at the end of editor, which includes missing to cross-check&nbsp;facts, inadequate domain expertise, etc. can cause misreporting.</p>

<p style="text-align:justify"><strong>-</strong> Training of journalists is not given enough attention by the media organisations.&nbsp;</p>

<p style="text-align:justify"><strong>-</strong> Research agencies responsible for the release of reports should provide a separate&nbsp;easy explainer well in advance of media reporting. Most of the time, this is not done.&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp;</p>

<p style="text-align:justify"><strong>-</strong> Research agencies responsible for the release of reports should organise seminar or symposium for those journalists who are assigned to cover such special reports and/or events. Online dissemination of press releases cannot clear the doubts of most journalists. Besides, physical training and capacity building workshops too can be arranged for journalists who cover such reports.&nbsp;</p>

<p style="text-align:justify"><br />
<strong><em>References:</em></strong></p>

<p style="text-align:justify">Human Development Report 2021-22: Uncertain times, unsettled lives -- Shaping our future in a transforming world, produced by United Nations Development Programme (UNDP), released in September 2022, please click&nbsp;<a href="https://im4change.org/upload/files/HDR%202021-22%20Full%20Report.pdf" title="/upload/files/HDR%202021-22%20Full%20Report.pdf">here</a>,&nbsp;<a href="https://im4change.org/upload/files/HDR21-22_Press%20Release%20English.pdf" title="/upload/files/HDR21-22_Press%20Release%20English.pdf">here</a>,&nbsp;<a href="https://im4change.org/upload/files/India%20Specific%20country%20data%20_%20Human%20Development%20Report%202021-22.pdf" title="/upload/files/India%20Specific%20country%20data%20_%20Human%20Development%20Report%202021-22.pdf">here</a>,&nbsp;<a href="https://im4change.org/upload/files/Technical%20notes%20hdr2021-22_technical_notes.pdf" title="/upload/files/Technical%20notes%20hdr2021-22_technical_notes.pdf">here</a>&nbsp;and&nbsp;<a href="https://im4change.org/upload/files/Press%20Release%20HDR%2021-22%20on%20India.pdf" title="/upload/files/Press%20Release%20HDR%2021-22%20on%20India.pdf">here</a>&nbsp;to access</p>

<p style="text-align:justify">Human Development Report 2020: The next frontier -- Human development and the Anthropocene, produced by United Nations Development Programme (UNDP), released in December 2020, please click&nbsp;<a href="https://im4change.org/upload/files/hdr2020.pdf" title="/upload/files/hdr2020.pdf">here</a>,&nbsp;<a href="https://im4change.org/upload/files/Briefing%20note%20for%20India%20on%20the%20HDR%202020.pdf" title="/upload/files/Briefing%20note%20for%20India%20on%20the%20HDR%202020.pdf">here</a>,&nbsp;<a href="https://im4change.org/upload/files/hdr2020_technical_notes.pdf" title="/upload/files/hdr2020_technical_notes.pdf">here</a>,&nbsp;and&nbsp;<a href="https://im4change.org/upload/files/2020_global_press_release_en.pdf" title="/upload/files/2020_global_press_release_en.pdf">here</a>&nbsp;to access</p>

<p style="text-align:justify">&nbsp;</p>

<p style="text-align:justify"><strong>Image Courtesy:&nbsp;<a href="http://im4change.org/upload/files/HDR%202021-22%20Full%20Report.pdf">Human Development Report 2021-22</a></strong></p>
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