A clearing house of ideas, info, alternatives, on rural India's multiple crises

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	'title' => 'The Law, Rape and Son Preference: A Reality Check',
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November last when a young journalist was allegedly sexually assaulted by the editor of Tehelka, a magazine where she worked, an important report on <a href="../empowerment/gender-3280.html?pgno=2#the-law-and-son-preference-in-india-a-reality-check">gender bias</a> of Indian laws was launched by the United Nations Population Fund (UNFPA). Titled 'The Law and Son Preference in India: A Reality Check' the report claims that most Indian laws -- be it prevention of dowry law, anti sexual assault law or inheritance law-- actually go against the women's interests. Instead of curtailing gender discrimination some laws even perpetuate it, the report reveals. (See link below)
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&nbsp;
</div>
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Written by senior advocate Kirti Singh, the UNFPA report has reviewed laws relating to women including dowry, inheritance, child marriage, sex-selection and sexual assault from the point of view of gender injustice. It finds that the laws themselves, and their interpretation, non-implementation or absence, may directly or indirectly propagate son preference in society. Laws such as the Goa Law on Polygamy that permits a second marriage for the husband when there is no son from the first marriage, actually promote gender injustice and son preference. As a result of gender discrimination, child sex ratio, defined as number of girls for every 1000 boys in the 0-6 age group, has worsened over the decades.
</p>
<p align="justify">
While in some cases laws that promote gender equality are not effectively implemented (such as the PCPNDT Act* and Dowry Prohibition Act) by either the central or state governments, laws are missing in critical areas like honour crimes and marital property rights. A separate law on honour killings is essential to ensure that khap panchayats and families victimizing couples are brought to book. Since there is absence of community of property law in India between a husband and a wife and the non-financial and financial contributions of a woman to a household are not recognized, a standalone comprehensive legislation in this area should be urgently enacted, recommends the present report. 
</p>
<p align="justify">
Throwing light on the Sexual Harassment Of Women at Workplace (Prevention, Prohibition and Redressal) Act, 2013 that came into force in April 2013, the report is critical about a section in the Act, which penalizes &lsquo;malicious' complaints (made by victim woman to the Internal Complaints Committee or the Local Complaints Committee) and complaints, which the complainant knows are false. As per the anti sexual harassment law, if the complaints made are false then the Internal Complaints Committee or the Local Complaints Committee can recommend to the employer that action be taken against the woman &lsquo;in accordance with... service rules' or &lsquo;in such manner as may be prescribed'. But the present UNFPA report opines that this goes against the Vishaka judgement, which clearly states that no action should be taken against a woman for making a complaint.<br />
</p>
<p align="justify">
As per the amended rape law, the report clarifies that if a woman remains passive this alone will not imply consent to the sexual intercourse in question. 
</p>
<p align="justify">
* Pre-conception and Pre-natal Diagnostic Techniques (Prohibition of Sex Selection) Act, 1994 (PCPNDT Act)
</p>
<p>
<strong><em>References:</em></strong>
</p>
<p>
<br />
The Law and Son Preference in India: A Reality Check -Advocate Kirti Singh, United Nations, November, 2013
</p>
<p align="justify">
<a href="tinymce/uploaded/Laws_and_Son_Preference_in_India.pdf">http://www.im4change.org/siteadmin/tinymce//uploaded/Laws_and_Son_Preference_in_India.pdf</a> 
</p>
<p align="justify">
New Report Reviews Key Laws on Women and Girls and Their Impact on Son Preference In India, 18 November, 2013, <a href="http://www.unfpa.org/public/home/news/pid/15748">http://www.unfpa.org/public/home/news/pid/15748</a> 
</p>
<p align="justify">
Some Indian laws reinforce gender inequality, UN study finds -Nita Bhalla, Live Mint, 14 November, 2013, <a href="../latest-news-updates/some-indian-laws-reinforce-gender-inequality-un-study-finds-nita-bhalla-23347.html">http://www.im4change.org/latest-news-updates/some-indian-laws-reinforce-gender-inequality-un-study-finds-nita-bhalla-23347.html</a> 
</p>
<p align="justify">
Study cites Goan law to show tilt to sons-Ananya Sengupta, The Telehraph, 15 November, 2013<br />
<a href="http://www.telegraphindia.com/1131116/jsp/nation/story_17575819.jsp#.Uop59ifUg0Z">http://www.telegraphindia.com/1131116/jsp/nation/story_17575819.jsp#.Uop59ifUg0Z   </a>
</p>
<p align="justify">
Separate law against honour killings sought, The Times of India, 15 November, 2013, <a href="http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2013-11-15/india/44113026_1_honour-killings-separate-law-strong-law">http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2013-11-15/india/44113026_1_honour-killings-separate-law-strong-law </a>
</p>
<p align="justify">
Law often ineffective against gender discrimination: Study, IANS, 14 November, 2013, <a href="http://in.news.yahoo.com/law-often-ineffective-against-gender-discrimination-study-144205811.html">http://in.news.yahoo.com/law-often-ineffective-against-gender-discrimination-study-144205811.html</a> 
</p>
<p align="justify">
It's not only about Tehelka -Kalpana Sharma, The Hoot, 22 November, 2013, <a href="http://www.thehoot.org/web/It-s-not-only-about-Tehelka/7159-1-1-10-true.html">http://www.thehoot.org/web/It-s-not-only-about-Tehelka/7159-1-1-10-true.html</a> 
</p>
<p align="justify">
The Limits of Female Agency -Aardra Surendran, Vikalp, December, 2013, <a href="http://www.vikalp.ind.in/2013/12/the-limits-of-female-agency-aardra.html">http://www.vikalp.ind.in/2013/12/the-limits-of-female-agency-aardra.html </a>
</p>
<p align="justify">
UNFPA report reviews laws on women, impact on son preference, The Business Standard, 14 November, 2013, <br />
<a href="http://www.business-standard.com/article/pti-stories/unfpa-report-reviews-laws-on-women-impact-on-son-preference-113111401353_1.html">http://www.business-standard.com/article/pti-stories/unfpa-report-reviews-laws-on-women-impact-on-son-preference-113111401353_1.html</a> 
</p>
<p align="justify">
Two-thirds of women journalists face intimidation, abuse: Survey-Aarti Dhar, The Hindu, 4 December, 2013, <br />
<a href="../latest-news-updates/two-thirds-of-women-journalists-face-intimidation-abuse-survey-aarti-dhar-23533.html">http://www.im4change.org/latest-news-updates/two-thirds-of-women-journalists-face-intimidation-abuse-survey-aarti-dhar-23533.html</a> 
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	'title' => 'The Law, Rape and Son Preference: A Reality Check',
	'subheading' => '',
	'description' => '<div align="justify">
November last when a young journalist was allegedly sexually assaulted by the editor of Tehelka, a magazine where she worked, an important report on <a href="../empowerment/gender-3280.html?pgno=2#the-law-and-son-preference-in-india-a-reality-check">gender bias</a> of Indian laws was launched by the United Nations Population Fund (UNFPA). Titled 'The Law and Son Preference in India: A Reality Check' the report claims that most Indian laws -- be it prevention of dowry law, anti sexual assault law or inheritance law-- actually go against the women's interests. Instead of curtailing gender discrimination some laws even perpetuate it, the report reveals. (See link below)
</div>
<div align="justify">
&nbsp;
</div>
<p align="justify">
Written by senior advocate Kirti Singh, the UNFPA report has reviewed laws relating to women including dowry, inheritance, child marriage, sex-selection and sexual assault from the point of view of gender injustice. It finds that the laws themselves, and their interpretation, non-implementation or absence, may directly or indirectly propagate son preference in society. Laws such as the Goa Law on Polygamy that permits a second marriage for the husband when there is no son from the first marriage, actually promote gender injustice and son preference. As a result of gender discrimination, child sex ratio, defined as number of girls for every 1000 boys in the 0-6 age group, has worsened over the decades.
</p>
<p align="justify">
While in some cases laws that promote gender equality are not effectively implemented (such as the PCPNDT Act* and Dowry Prohibition Act) by either the central or state governments, laws are missing in critical areas like honour crimes and marital property rights. A separate law on honour killings is essential to ensure that khap panchayats and families victimizing couples are brought to book. Since there is absence of community of property law in India between a husband and a wife and the non-financial and financial contributions of a woman to a household are not recognized, a standalone comprehensive legislation in this area should be urgently enacted, recommends the present report. 
</p>
<p align="justify">
Throwing light on the Sexual Harassment Of Women at Workplace (Prevention, Prohibition and Redressal) Act, 2013 that came into force in April 2013, the report is critical about a section in the Act, which penalizes &lsquo;malicious' complaints (made by victim woman to the Internal Complaints Committee or the Local Complaints Committee) and complaints, which the complainant knows are false. As per the anti sexual harassment law, if the complaints made are false then the Internal Complaints Committee or the Local Complaints Committee can recommend to the employer that action be taken against the woman &lsquo;in accordance with... service rules' or &lsquo;in such manner as may be prescribed'. But the present UNFPA report opines that this goes against the Vishaka judgement, which clearly states that no action should be taken against a woman for making a complaint.<br />
</p>
<p align="justify">
As per the amended rape law, the report clarifies that if a woman remains passive this alone will not imply consent to the sexual intercourse in question. 
</p>
<p align="justify">
* Pre-conception and Pre-natal Diagnostic Techniques (Prohibition of Sex Selection) Act, 1994 (PCPNDT Act)
</p>
<p>
<strong><em>References:</em></strong>
</p>
<p>
<br />
The Law and Son Preference in India: A Reality Check -Advocate Kirti Singh, United Nations, November, 2013
</p>
<p align="justify">
<a href="tinymce/uploaded/Laws_and_Son_Preference_in_India.pdf">http://www.im4change.org/siteadmin/tinymce//uploaded/Laws_and_Son_Preference_in_India.pdf</a> 
</p>
<p align="justify">
New Report Reviews Key Laws on Women and Girls and Their Impact on Son Preference In India, 18 November, 2013, <a href="http://www.unfpa.org/public/home/news/pid/15748">http://www.unfpa.org/public/home/news/pid/15748</a> 
</p>
<p align="justify">
Some Indian laws reinforce gender inequality, UN study finds -Nita Bhalla, Live Mint, 14 November, 2013, <a href="../latest-news-updates/some-indian-laws-reinforce-gender-inequality-un-study-finds-nita-bhalla-23347.html">http://www.im4change.org/latest-news-updates/some-indian-laws-reinforce-gender-inequality-un-study-finds-nita-bhalla-23347.html</a> 
</p>
<p align="justify">
Study cites Goan law to show tilt to sons-Ananya Sengupta, The Telehraph, 15 November, 2013<br />
<a href="http://www.telegraphindia.com/1131116/jsp/nation/story_17575819.jsp#.Uop59ifUg0Z">http://www.telegraphindia.com/1131116/jsp/nation/story_17575819.jsp#.Uop59ifUg0Z   </a>
</p>
<p align="justify">
Separate law against honour killings sought, The Times of India, 15 November, 2013, <a href="http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2013-11-15/india/44113026_1_honour-killings-separate-law-strong-law">http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2013-11-15/india/44113026_1_honour-killings-separate-law-strong-law </a>
</p>
<p align="justify">
Law often ineffective against gender discrimination: Study, IANS, 14 November, 2013, <a href="http://in.news.yahoo.com/law-often-ineffective-against-gender-discrimination-study-144205811.html">http://in.news.yahoo.com/law-often-ineffective-against-gender-discrimination-study-144205811.html</a> 
</p>
<p align="justify">
It's not only about Tehelka -Kalpana Sharma, The Hoot, 22 November, 2013, <a href="http://www.thehoot.org/web/It-s-not-only-about-Tehelka/7159-1-1-10-true.html">http://www.thehoot.org/web/It-s-not-only-about-Tehelka/7159-1-1-10-true.html</a> 
</p>
<p align="justify">
The Limits of Female Agency -Aardra Surendran, Vikalp, December, 2013, <a href="http://www.vikalp.ind.in/2013/12/the-limits-of-female-agency-aardra.html">http://www.vikalp.ind.in/2013/12/the-limits-of-female-agency-aardra.html </a>
</p>
<p align="justify">
UNFPA report reviews laws on women, impact on son preference, The Business Standard, 14 November, 2013, <br />
<a href="http://www.business-standard.com/article/pti-stories/unfpa-report-reviews-laws-on-women-impact-on-son-preference-113111401353_1.html">http://www.business-standard.com/article/pti-stories/unfpa-report-reviews-laws-on-women-impact-on-son-preference-113111401353_1.html</a> 
</p>
<p align="justify">
Two-thirds of women journalists face intimidation, abuse: Survey-Aarti Dhar, The Hindu, 4 December, 2013, <br />
<a href="../latest-news-updates/two-thirds-of-women-journalists-face-intimidation-abuse-survey-aarti-dhar-23533.html">http://www.im4change.org/latest-news-updates/two-thirds-of-women-journalists-face-intimidation-abuse-survey-aarti-dhar-23533.html</a> 
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November last when a young journalist was allegedly sexually assaulted by the editor of Tehelka, a magazine where she worked, an important report on gender bias of Indian laws was launched by the United Nations Population Fund (UNFPA). Titled 'The Law and Son Preference in India: A Reality Check' the report claims that most Indian laws -- be it prevention of dowry law, anti sexual assault law or inheritance law--...'
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