Deprecated (16384): The ArrayAccess methods will be removed in 4.0.0.Use getParam(), getData() and getQuery() instead. - /home/brlfuser/public_html/src/Controller/ArtileDetailController.php, line: 150
 You can disable deprecation warnings by setting `Error.errorLevel` to `E_ALL & ~E_USER_DEPRECATED` in your config/app.php. [CORE/src/Core/functions.php, line 311]
Code Context


        trigger_error($message, E_USER_DEPRECATED);

    }
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 You can disable deprecation warnings by setting `Error.errorLevel` to `E_ALL & ~E_USER_DEPRECATED` in your config/app.php.'
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deprecationWarning - CORE/src/Core/functions.php, line 311
Cake\Http\ServerRequest::offsetGet() - CORE/src/Http/ServerRequest.php, line 2421
App\Controller\ArtileDetailController::index() - APP/Controller/ArtileDetailController.php, line 150
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Cake\Http\ActionDispatcher::_invoke() - CORE/src/Http/ActionDispatcher.php, line 120
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Cake\Http\BaseApplication::__invoke() - CORE/src/Http/BaseApplication.php, line 235
Cake\Http\Runner::__invoke() - CORE/src/Http/Runner.php, line 65
Cake\Routing\Middleware\RoutingMiddleware::__invoke() - CORE/src/Routing/Middleware/RoutingMiddleware.php, line 162
Cake\Http\Runner::__invoke() - CORE/src/Http/Runner.php, line 65
Cake\Routing\Middleware\AssetMiddleware::__invoke() - CORE/src/Routing/Middleware/AssetMiddleware.php, line 97
Cake\Http\Runner::__invoke() - CORE/src/Http/Runner.php, line 65
Cake\Error\Middleware\ErrorHandlerMiddleware::__invoke() - CORE/src/Error/Middleware/ErrorHandlerMiddleware.php, line 96
Cake\Http\Runner::__invoke() - CORE/src/Http/Runner.php, line 65
Cake\Http\Runner::run() - CORE/src/Http/Runner.php, line 51
Cake\Http\Server::run() - CORE/src/Http/Server.php, line 98

Deprecated (16384): The ArrayAccess methods will be removed in 4.0.0.Use getParam(), getData() and getQuery() instead. - /home/brlfuser/public_html/src/Controller/ArtileDetailController.php, line: 151
 You can disable deprecation warnings by setting `Error.errorLevel` to `E_ALL & ~E_USER_DEPRECATED` in your config/app.php. [CORE/src/Core/functions.php, line 311]
Code Context


        trigger_error($message, E_USER_DEPRECATED);

    }
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 You can disable deprecation warnings by setting `Error.errorLevel` to `E_ALL & ~E_USER_DEPRECATED` in your config/app.php.'
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deprecationWarning - CORE/src/Core/functions.php, line 311
Cake\Http\ServerRequest::offsetGet() - CORE/src/Http/ServerRequest.php, line 2421
App\Controller\ArtileDetailController::index() - APP/Controller/ArtileDetailController.php, line 151
Cake\Controller\Controller::invokeAction() - CORE/src/Controller/Controller.php, line 610
Cake\Http\ActionDispatcher::_invoke() - CORE/src/Http/ActionDispatcher.php, line 120
Cake\Http\ActionDispatcher::dispatch() - CORE/src/Http/ActionDispatcher.php, line 94
Cake\Http\BaseApplication::__invoke() - CORE/src/Http/BaseApplication.php, line 235
Cake\Http\Runner::__invoke() - CORE/src/Http/Runner.php, line 65
Cake\Routing\Middleware\RoutingMiddleware::__invoke() - CORE/src/Routing/Middleware/RoutingMiddleware.php, line 162
Cake\Http\Runner::__invoke() - CORE/src/Http/Runner.php, line 65
Cake\Routing\Middleware\AssetMiddleware::__invoke() - CORE/src/Routing/Middleware/AssetMiddleware.php, line 97
Cake\Http\Runner::__invoke() - CORE/src/Http/Runner.php, line 65
Cake\Error\Middleware\ErrorHandlerMiddleware::__invoke() - CORE/src/Error/Middleware/ErrorHandlerMiddleware.php, line 96
Cake\Http\Runner::__invoke() - CORE/src/Http/Runner.php, line 65
Cake\Http\Runner::run() - CORE/src/Http/Runner.php, line 51
Cake\Http\Server::run() - CORE/src/Http/Server.php, line 98

Warning (512): Unable to emit headers. Headers sent in file=/home/brlfuser/public_html/vendor/cakephp/cakephp/src/Error/Debugger.php line=853 [CORE/src/Http/ResponseEmitter.php, line 48]
Code Context
            if (Configure::read('debug')) {

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-Down to Earth

A few villages in Haryana successfully grow cotton amid widespread destruction of the crop by whitefly in the region

LOOK HERE, the red pest you see is Chrysopa,&rdquo; says an excited Manisha, while navigating through her cotton field in..."/>
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A few villages in Haryana successfully grow cotton amid widespread destruction of the crop by whitefly in the region

LOOK HERE, the red pest you see is Chrysopa,&rdquo; says an excited Manisha, while navigating through her cotton field in..." />
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                            <div align="justify">-Down to Earth<br /><br /><em>A few villages in Haryana successfully grow cotton amid widespread destruction of the crop by whitefly in the region<br /></em><br />LOOK HERE, the red pest you see is Chrysopa,&rdquo; says an excited Manisha, while navigating through her cotton field in Haryana&rsquo;s Nidana village. &ldquo;A single Chrysopa, a carnivorous pest, eats around 125-150 whiteflies a day,&rdquo; says the 24-year-old. Further ahead in her 0.8-hectare cotton plantation, she picks another plant leaf to show a pest she calls deedarbora. &ldquo;This big-eyed pest injects its eggs in herbivorous pests like whiteflies and kills them. This helps in population control of herbivorous pests that cause crop loss,&rdquo; says Manisha, who is locally called keet mastarni (pest teacher).<br /><br />Nidana is among 18 villages in Haryana&rsquo;s Jind district where farmers have ditched pesticides and used carnivorous pests to fight harmful pests such as the whitefly. There reason is pesticides kill the friendly pests more than the harmful ones, and they are expensive too, says Sheela, another keet mastarni from Radhana village.<br /><br />The success of these villages comes at a time when farmers in Haryana and neighbouring Punjab and Rajasthan have been devastated with whitefly infestation that has caused widespread destruction this year. The three states have already lost over 75 per cent of their cotton plantations. Over 18 farmers have committed suicide in Punjab, which is the worst-affected state. Desperate farmers are now staging protests for government support. Interestingly, over 95 per cent of the damaged cotton crops is hybrid Bt cotton.<br /><br />The total loss due to this is around Rs 4,500 crore. The affected farmers in these states are angry because the government misled them into using pesticides and hybrid cotton varieties (see &lsquo;Whitefly epidemic&rsquo;).<br /><br /><em>Setting an example<br /></em><br />The 18 villages began experimenting with carnivorous pests in 2007 with the help of late entomologist Surinder Dalal, who was the agriculture development officer in the district. Dalal showed the farmers that crop-destroying pests could be contained naturally by predator pests.<br /><br />He then trained 183 farmers, including 50 women, to identify useful and harmful pests. &ldquo;We learnt to differentiate between herbivorous and carnivorous pests and their roles in the ecosystem. We have identified 43 herbivorous pests and 161 carnivorous pests. Some herbivorous pests help in pollination whereas others destroy cotton,&rdquo; says Suresh Ahlawat, one of the farmers trained by Dalal. He adds that all pests play a role in the ecosystem and pesticides destroy them all.<br /><br />Out of every 4.5 g foods a plant makes through photosynthesis, the first 3 g is supplied to roots and stem and the remaining 1.5 g is for the pests, says Ahlawat. &ldquo;In fact, plants use the surplus food to attract pests as they help in pollination,&rdquo; says Ahlawat, who runs a farmers&rsquo; association group called Surinder Dalal Keet Saksharat Mission (SDKSM). The association has taken the initiative forward after Dalal&rsquo;s death in 2013. It conducts training classes for farmers. The course comprises 18 classes, which are held once a week.<br /><br />SDKSM volunteers say Bt Cotton attracts harmful pests such as whitefly, aphid (hara tila), thrips (churda), mite, miley bugs, more than normal cotton varieties because of their higher yield. And even pesticides attract pests because even they contain nutrition. &ldquo;The pesticides are more effective against carnivorous pests which are not even a threat,&rdquo; says Ahlawat.<br /><br />&ldquo;The real problem starts when these harmful pests start multiplying in the absence of natural predators and start damaging the crops,&rdquo; says Gurusharan Singh, who teaches entomology at the Punjab Agricultural University. He adds that 60 per cent of total insecticides in the country are used in cotton crops. K R Kranti, director of the Central Cotton Research Institute, Nagpur, says that whitefly attacks can be minimised by spraying soapy or neem water.<br /><br />In fact, SDKSM volunteers say that whiteflies only attack farms that have pesticides. They measured the permissible level of pests on a cotton plant leaf, which is called the Economic Thresholds Level (ETL), and found that up to six whiteflies on a cotton plant leaf is not harmful. &ldquo;In the past eight years, I have not met a single farmer who complained of high ETL levels after not using pesticides. Only, farmers who use pesticides complain of poor ETL levels,&rdquo; says Ahlawat.<br /><br /><em>A judicious mix<br /></em><br />Sensing the benefits of not using chemicals, farmers tutored by SDKSM have also reduced their dependency on chemical fertilisers. They use a mix of chemical and organic fertilisers developed by the late Dalal because it is less toxic and substantially cheaper. The solution&mdash;2.5 kg each of diammonium phosphate (DAP) and urea, and 0.5 kg of zinc&mdash;is mixed with 100 litres of water and needs to be sprayed six times on 0.4 hectare of cotton during a season. &ldquo;Dalal taught us the solution. So we kept its name after him as Dalal Ghol,&rdquo; says Singh (see &lsquo;Dumping pesticides&rsquo;).<br /><br />&ldquo;We used to spend over Rs 25,000 only on pesticides in a season on cotton crops. We stopped this practice five years ago. From the money I saved, I have constructed a cemented cattle shed,&rdquo; says Sheela. She owns 0.8-hectare of land, and says she has now leased an additional 0.8-hectare to grow cotton. &ldquo;Government recommends farmers on how much fertilisers should be used, but normally farmers use much more because shopkeepers and agents of fertiliser companies influence them,&rdquo; says SDKSM member Rajbir Singh.<br /><br /><em>Growing popular<br /></em><br />The success of the initiative is now being recognised by experts. S S Siwach, director (research) at the CCS Haryana Agricultural University, says, &ldquo;We regularly call these farmers to our workshop to take classes.&rdquo; Over a dozen students from the university have done their PhD theses on the practices adopted by farmers in Jind district.<br /><br />This year SDKSM for the first time moved beyond Jind district to train farmers. They have set up a training camp 70 km away in Byawar Khera village in Hisar district. &ldquo;In Hisar, 70 farmers from 30 villages are attending the classes. They are from Punjab as well as other districts in Haryana,&rdquo; says Rajbir. Manjit Singh, one of the teachers at Byawar, says five farmers from Sirsa district travel 125 km to attend the classes. &ldquo;We have a habit of only waking up at the time of a disaster. We need to learn a lesson from Nidana village,&rdquo; says Kranti.<br /><br />Please <a href="http://www.downtoearth.org.in/news/whitefly-lesson-51706" title="http://www.downtoearth.org.in/news/whitefly-lesson-51706">click here</a> to read more. </div><div align="justify">&nbsp;</div><div align="justify"><em>Down to Earth, 15 November, 2015</em> <br /></div>                                                           
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    <br><a href="http://www.downtoearth.org.in/news/whitefly-lesson-51706" class="re" target="_blank">Down to Earth, 15 November, 2015, http://www.downtoearth.org.in/news/whitefly-lesson-51706</a><div class="clear"></div>
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    <h1 class="cat-box-title">Whitefly lesson -Jitendra</h1>
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                            <div align="justify">-Down to Earth<br /><br /><em>A few villages in Haryana successfully grow cotton amid widespread destruction of the crop by whitefly in the region<br /></em><br />LOOK HERE, the red pest you see is Chrysopa,&rdquo; says an excited Manisha, while navigating through her cotton field in Haryana&rsquo;s Nidana village. &ldquo;A single Chrysopa, a carnivorous pest, eats around 125-150 whiteflies a day,&rdquo; says the 24-year-old. Further ahead in her 0.8-hectare cotton plantation, she picks another plant leaf to show a pest she calls deedarbora. &ldquo;This big-eyed pest injects its eggs in herbivorous pests like whiteflies and kills them. This helps in population control of herbivorous pests that cause crop loss,&rdquo; says Manisha, who is locally called keet mastarni (pest teacher).<br /><br />Nidana is among 18 villages in Haryana&rsquo;s Jind district where farmers have ditched pesticides and used carnivorous pests to fight harmful pests such as the whitefly. There reason is pesticides kill the friendly pests more than the harmful ones, and they are expensive too, says Sheela, another keet mastarni from Radhana village.<br /><br />The success of these villages comes at a time when farmers in Haryana and neighbouring Punjab and Rajasthan have been devastated with whitefly infestation that has caused widespread destruction this year. The three states have already lost over 75 per cent of their cotton plantations. Over 18 farmers have committed suicide in Punjab, which is the worst-affected state. Desperate farmers are now staging protests for government support. Interestingly, over 95 per cent of the damaged cotton crops is hybrid Bt cotton.<br /><br />The total loss due to this is around Rs 4,500 crore. The affected farmers in these states are angry because the government misled them into using pesticides and hybrid cotton varieties (see &lsquo;Whitefly epidemic&rsquo;).<br /><br /><em>Setting an example<br /></em><br />The 18 villages began experimenting with carnivorous pests in 2007 with the help of late entomologist Surinder Dalal, who was the agriculture development officer in the district. Dalal showed the farmers that crop-destroying pests could be contained naturally by predator pests.<br /><br />He then trained 183 farmers, including 50 women, to identify useful and harmful pests. &ldquo;We learnt to differentiate between herbivorous and carnivorous pests and their roles in the ecosystem. We have identified 43 herbivorous pests and 161 carnivorous pests. Some herbivorous pests help in pollination whereas others destroy cotton,&rdquo; says Suresh Ahlawat, one of the farmers trained by Dalal. He adds that all pests play a role in the ecosystem and pesticides destroy them all.<br /><br />Out of every 4.5 g foods a plant makes through photosynthesis, the first 3 g is supplied to roots and stem and the remaining 1.5 g is for the pests, says Ahlawat. &ldquo;In fact, plants use the surplus food to attract pests as they help in pollination,&rdquo; says Ahlawat, who runs a farmers&rsquo; association group called Surinder Dalal Keet Saksharat Mission (SDKSM). The association has taken the initiative forward after Dalal&rsquo;s death in 2013. It conducts training classes for farmers. The course comprises 18 classes, which are held once a week.<br /><br />SDKSM volunteers say Bt Cotton attracts harmful pests such as whitefly, aphid (hara tila), thrips (churda), mite, miley bugs, more than normal cotton varieties because of their higher yield. And even pesticides attract pests because even they contain nutrition. &ldquo;The pesticides are more effective against carnivorous pests which are not even a threat,&rdquo; says Ahlawat.<br /><br />&ldquo;The real problem starts when these harmful pests start multiplying in the absence of natural predators and start damaging the crops,&rdquo; says Gurusharan Singh, who teaches entomology at the Punjab Agricultural University. He adds that 60 per cent of total insecticides in the country are used in cotton crops. K R Kranti, director of the Central Cotton Research Institute, Nagpur, says that whitefly attacks can be minimised by spraying soapy or neem water.<br /><br />In fact, SDKSM volunteers say that whiteflies only attack farms that have pesticides. They measured the permissible level of pests on a cotton plant leaf, which is called the Economic Thresholds Level (ETL), and found that up to six whiteflies on a cotton plant leaf is not harmful. &ldquo;In the past eight years, I have not met a single farmer who complained of high ETL levels after not using pesticides. Only, farmers who use pesticides complain of poor ETL levels,&rdquo; says Ahlawat.<br /><br /><em>A judicious mix<br /></em><br />Sensing the benefits of not using chemicals, farmers tutored by SDKSM have also reduced their dependency on chemical fertilisers. They use a mix of chemical and organic fertilisers developed by the late Dalal because it is less toxic and substantially cheaper. The solution&mdash;2.5 kg each of diammonium phosphate (DAP) and urea, and 0.5 kg of zinc&mdash;is mixed with 100 litres of water and needs to be sprayed six times on 0.4 hectare of cotton during a season. &ldquo;Dalal taught us the solution. So we kept its name after him as Dalal Ghol,&rdquo; says Singh (see &lsquo;Dumping pesticides&rsquo;).<br /><br />&ldquo;We used to spend over Rs 25,000 only on pesticides in a season on cotton crops. We stopped this practice five years ago. From the money I saved, I have constructed a cemented cattle shed,&rdquo; says Sheela. She owns 0.8-hectare of land, and says she has now leased an additional 0.8-hectare to grow cotton. &ldquo;Government recommends farmers on how much fertilisers should be used, but normally farmers use much more because shopkeepers and agents of fertiliser companies influence them,&rdquo; says SDKSM member Rajbir Singh.<br /><br /><em>Growing popular<br /></em><br />The success of the initiative is now being recognised by experts. S S Siwach, director (research) at the CCS Haryana Agricultural University, says, &ldquo;We regularly call these farmers to our workshop to take classes.&rdquo; Over a dozen students from the university have done their PhD theses on the practices adopted by farmers in Jind district.<br /><br />This year SDKSM for the first time moved beyond Jind district to train farmers. They have set up a training camp 70 km away in Byawar Khera village in Hisar district. &ldquo;In Hisar, 70 farmers from 30 villages are attending the classes. They are from Punjab as well as other districts in Haryana,&rdquo; says Rajbir. Manjit Singh, one of the teachers at Byawar, says five farmers from Sirsa district travel 125 km to attend the classes. &ldquo;We have a habit of only waking up at the time of a disaster. We need to learn a lesson from Nidana village,&rdquo; says Kranti.<br /><br />Please <a href="http://www.downtoearth.org.in/news/whitefly-lesson-51706" title="http://www.downtoearth.org.in/news/whitefly-lesson-51706">click here</a> to read more. </div><div align="justify">&nbsp;</div><div align="justify"><em>Down to Earth, 15 November, 2015</em> <br /></div>                                                           
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    <br><a href="http://www.downtoearth.org.in/news/whitefly-lesson-51706" class="re" target="_blank">Down to Earth, 15 November, 2015, http://www.downtoearth.org.in/news/whitefly-lesson-51706</a><div class="clear"></div>
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A few villages in Haryana successfully grow cotton amid widespread destruction of the crop by whitefly in the region

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    <h1 class="cat-box-title">Whitefly lesson -Jitendra</h1>
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                            <div align="justify">-Down to Earth<br /><br /><em>A few villages in Haryana successfully grow cotton amid widespread destruction of the crop by whitefly in the region<br /></em><br />LOOK HERE, the red pest you see is Chrysopa,&rdquo; says an excited Manisha, while navigating through her cotton field in Haryana&rsquo;s Nidana village. &ldquo;A single Chrysopa, a carnivorous pest, eats around 125-150 whiteflies a day,&rdquo; says the 24-year-old. Further ahead in her 0.8-hectare cotton plantation, she picks another plant leaf to show a pest she calls deedarbora. &ldquo;This big-eyed pest injects its eggs in herbivorous pests like whiteflies and kills them. This helps in population control of herbivorous pests that cause crop loss,&rdquo; says Manisha, who is locally called keet mastarni (pest teacher).<br /><br />Nidana is among 18 villages in Haryana&rsquo;s Jind district where farmers have ditched pesticides and used carnivorous pests to fight harmful pests such as the whitefly. There reason is pesticides kill the friendly pests more than the harmful ones, and they are expensive too, says Sheela, another keet mastarni from Radhana village.<br /><br />The success of these villages comes at a time when farmers in Haryana and neighbouring Punjab and Rajasthan have been devastated with whitefly infestation that has caused widespread destruction this year. The three states have already lost over 75 per cent of their cotton plantations. Over 18 farmers have committed suicide in Punjab, which is the worst-affected state. Desperate farmers are now staging protests for government support. Interestingly, over 95 per cent of the damaged cotton crops is hybrid Bt cotton.<br /><br />The total loss due to this is around Rs 4,500 crore. The affected farmers in these states are angry because the government misled them into using pesticides and hybrid cotton varieties (see &lsquo;Whitefly epidemic&rsquo;).<br /><br /><em>Setting an example<br /></em><br />The 18 villages began experimenting with carnivorous pests in 2007 with the help of late entomologist Surinder Dalal, who was the agriculture development officer in the district. Dalal showed the farmers that crop-destroying pests could be contained naturally by predator pests.<br /><br />He then trained 183 farmers, including 50 women, to identify useful and harmful pests. &ldquo;We learnt to differentiate between herbivorous and carnivorous pests and their roles in the ecosystem. We have identified 43 herbivorous pests and 161 carnivorous pests. Some herbivorous pests help in pollination whereas others destroy cotton,&rdquo; says Suresh Ahlawat, one of the farmers trained by Dalal. He adds that all pests play a role in the ecosystem and pesticides destroy them all.<br /><br />Out of every 4.5 g foods a plant makes through photosynthesis, the first 3 g is supplied to roots and stem and the remaining 1.5 g is for the pests, says Ahlawat. &ldquo;In fact, plants use the surplus food to attract pests as they help in pollination,&rdquo; says Ahlawat, who runs a farmers&rsquo; association group called Surinder Dalal Keet Saksharat Mission (SDKSM). The association has taken the initiative forward after Dalal&rsquo;s death in 2013. It conducts training classes for farmers. The course comprises 18 classes, which are held once a week.<br /><br />SDKSM volunteers say Bt Cotton attracts harmful pests such as whitefly, aphid (hara tila), thrips (churda), mite, miley bugs, more than normal cotton varieties because of their higher yield. And even pesticides attract pests because even they contain nutrition. &ldquo;The pesticides are more effective against carnivorous pests which are not even a threat,&rdquo; says Ahlawat.<br /><br />&ldquo;The real problem starts when these harmful pests start multiplying in the absence of natural predators and start damaging the crops,&rdquo; says Gurusharan Singh, who teaches entomology at the Punjab Agricultural University. He adds that 60 per cent of total insecticides in the country are used in cotton crops. K R Kranti, director of the Central Cotton Research Institute, Nagpur, says that whitefly attacks can be minimised by spraying soapy or neem water.<br /><br />In fact, SDKSM volunteers say that whiteflies only attack farms that have pesticides. They measured the permissible level of pests on a cotton plant leaf, which is called the Economic Thresholds Level (ETL), and found that up to six whiteflies on a cotton plant leaf is not harmful. &ldquo;In the past eight years, I have not met a single farmer who complained of high ETL levels after not using pesticides. Only, farmers who use pesticides complain of poor ETL levels,&rdquo; says Ahlawat.<br /><br /><em>A judicious mix<br /></em><br />Sensing the benefits of not using chemicals, farmers tutored by SDKSM have also reduced their dependency on chemical fertilisers. They use a mix of chemical and organic fertilisers developed by the late Dalal because it is less toxic and substantially cheaper. The solution&mdash;2.5 kg each of diammonium phosphate (DAP) and urea, and 0.5 kg of zinc&mdash;is mixed with 100 litres of water and needs to be sprayed six times on 0.4 hectare of cotton during a season. &ldquo;Dalal taught us the solution. So we kept its name after him as Dalal Ghol,&rdquo; says Singh (see &lsquo;Dumping pesticides&rsquo;).<br /><br />&ldquo;We used to spend over Rs 25,000 only on pesticides in a season on cotton crops. We stopped this practice five years ago. From the money I saved, I have constructed a cemented cattle shed,&rdquo; says Sheela. She owns 0.8-hectare of land, and says she has now leased an additional 0.8-hectare to grow cotton. &ldquo;Government recommends farmers on how much fertilisers should be used, but normally farmers use much more because shopkeepers and agents of fertiliser companies influence them,&rdquo; says SDKSM member Rajbir Singh.<br /><br /><em>Growing popular<br /></em><br />The success of the initiative is now being recognised by experts. S S Siwach, director (research) at the CCS Haryana Agricultural University, says, &ldquo;We regularly call these farmers to our workshop to take classes.&rdquo; Over a dozen students from the university have done their PhD theses on the practices adopted by farmers in Jind district.<br /><br />This year SDKSM for the first time moved beyond Jind district to train farmers. They have set up a training camp 70 km away in Byawar Khera village in Hisar district. &ldquo;In Hisar, 70 farmers from 30 villages are attending the classes. They are from Punjab as well as other districts in Haryana,&rdquo; says Rajbir. Manjit Singh, one of the teachers at Byawar, says five farmers from Sirsa district travel 125 km to attend the classes. &ldquo;We have a habit of only waking up at the time of a disaster. We need to learn a lesson from Nidana village,&rdquo; says Kranti.<br /><br />Please <a href="http://www.downtoearth.org.in/news/whitefly-lesson-51706" title="http://www.downtoearth.org.in/news/whitefly-lesson-51706">click here</a> to read more. </div><div align="justify">&nbsp;</div><div align="justify"><em>Down to Earth, 15 November, 2015</em> <br /></div>                                                           
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Home हिन्दी

Whitefly lesson -Jitendra

Published on Nov 14, 2015   Modified on Nov 14, 2015

-Down to Earth A few villages in Haryana successfully grow cotton amid widespread destruction of the crop by whitefly in the region LOOK HERE, the red pest you see is Chrysopa,” says an excited Manisha, while navigating through her cotton field in Haryana’s Nidana village. “A single Chrysopa, a carnivorous pest, eats around 125-150 whiteflies a day,” says the 24-year-old. Further ahead in her 0.8-hectare cotton plantation, she picks another plant leaf to show a pest she calls deedarbora. “This big-eyed pest injects its eggs in herbivorous pests like whiteflies and kills them. This helps in population control of herbivorous pests that cause crop loss,” says Manisha, who is locally called keet mastarni (pest teacher). Nidana is among 18 villages in Haryana’s Jind district where farmers have ditched pesticides and used carnivorous pests to fight harmful pests such as the whitefly. There reason is pesticides kill the friendly pests more than the harmful ones, and they are expensive too, says Sheela, another keet mastarni from Radhana village. The success of these villages comes at a time when farmers in Haryana and neighbouring Punjab and Rajasthan have been devastated with whitefly infestation that has caused widespread destruction this year. The three states have already lost over 75 per cent of their cotton plantations. Over 18 farmers have committed suicide in Punjab, which is the worst-affected state. Desperate farmers are now staging protests for government support. Interestingly, over 95 per cent of the damaged cotton crops is hybrid Bt cotton. The total loss due to this is around Rs 4,500 crore. The affected farmers in these states are angry because the government misled them into using pesticides and hybrid cotton varieties (see ‘Whitefly epidemic’). Setting an example The 18 villages began experimenting with carnivorous pests in 2007 with the help of late entomologist Surinder Dalal, who was the agriculture development officer in the district. Dalal showed the farmers that crop-destroying pests could be contained naturally by predator pests. He then trained 183 farmers, including 50 women, to identify useful and harmful pests. “We learnt to differentiate between herbivorous and carnivorous pests and their roles in the ecosystem. We have identified 43 herbivorous pests and 161 carnivorous pests. Some herbivorous pests help in pollination whereas others destroy cotton,” says Suresh Ahlawat, one of the farmers trained by Dalal. He adds that all pests play a role in the ecosystem and pesticides destroy them all. Out of every 4.5 g foods a plant makes through photosynthesis, the first 3 g is supplied to roots and stem and the remaining 1.5 g is for the pests, says Ahlawat. “In fact, plants use the surplus food to attract pests as they help in pollination,” says Ahlawat, who runs a farmers’ association group called Surinder Dalal Keet Saksharat Mission (SDKSM). The association has taken the initiative forward after Dalal’s death in 2013. It conducts training classes for farmers. The course comprises 18 classes, which are held once a week. SDKSM volunteers say Bt Cotton attracts harmful pests such as whitefly, aphid (hara tila), thrips (churda), mite, miley bugs, more than normal cotton varieties because of their higher yield. And even pesticides attract pests because even they contain nutrition. “The pesticides are more effective against carnivorous pests which are not even a threat,” says Ahlawat. “The real problem starts when these harmful pests start multiplying in the absence of natural predators and start damaging the crops,” says Gurusharan Singh, who teaches entomology at the Punjab Agricultural University. He adds that 60 per cent of total insecticides in the country are used in cotton crops. K R Kranti, director of the Central Cotton Research Institute, Nagpur, says that whitefly attacks can be minimised by spraying soapy or neem water. In fact, SDKSM volunteers say that whiteflies only attack farms that have pesticides. They measured the permissible level of pests on a cotton plant leaf, which is called the Economic Thresholds Level (ETL), and found that up to six whiteflies on a cotton plant leaf is not harmful. “In the past eight years, I have not met a single farmer who complained of high ETL levels after not using pesticides. Only, farmers who use pesticides complain of poor ETL levels,” says Ahlawat. A judicious mix Sensing the benefits of not using chemicals, farmers tutored by SDKSM have also reduced their dependency on chemical fertilisers. They use a mix of chemical and organic fertilisers developed by the late Dalal because it is less toxic and substantially cheaper. The solution—2.5 kg each of diammonium phosphate (DAP) and urea, and 0.5 kg of zinc—is mixed with 100 litres of water and needs to be sprayed six times on 0.4 hectare of cotton during a season. “Dalal taught us the solution. So we kept its name after him as Dalal Ghol,” says Singh (see ‘Dumping pesticides’). “We used to spend over Rs 25,000 only on pesticides in a season on cotton crops. We stopped this practice five years ago. From the money I saved, I have constructed a cemented cattle shed,” says Sheela. She owns 0.8-hectare of land, and says she has now leased an additional 0.8-hectare to grow cotton. “Government recommends farmers on how much fertilisers should be used, but normally farmers use much more because shopkeepers and agents of fertiliser companies influence them,” says SDKSM member Rajbir Singh. Growing popular The success of the initiative is now being recognised by experts. S S Siwach, director (research) at the CCS Haryana Agricultural University, says, “We regularly call these farmers to our workshop to take classes.” Over a dozen students from the university have done their PhD theses on the practices adopted by farmers in Jind district. This year SDKSM for the first time moved beyond Jind district to train farmers. They have set up a training camp 70 km away in Byawar Khera village in Hisar district. “In Hisar, 70 farmers from 30 villages are attending the classes. They are from Punjab as well as other districts in Haryana,” says Rajbir. Manjit Singh, one of the teachers at Byawar, says five farmers from Sirsa district travel 125 km to attend the classes. “We have a habit of only waking up at the time of a disaster. We need to learn a lesson from Nidana village,” says Kranti. Please click here to read more.   Down to Earth, 15 November, 2015

Down to Earth, 15 November, 2015, http://www.downtoearth.org.in/news/whitefly-lesson-51706

Tagged with: farming Whitefly attack Whitefly Pests Pesticides Pest Management Pest Attack cotton

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