Deprecated (16384): The ArrayAccess methods will be removed in 4.0.0.Use getParam(), getData() and getQuery() instead. - /home/brlfuser/public_html/src/Controller/ArtileDetailController.php, line: 150
 You can disable deprecation warnings by setting `Error.errorLevel` to `E_ALL & ~E_USER_DEPRECATED` in your config/app.php. [CORE/src/Core/functions.php, line 311]
Code Context


        trigger_error($message, E_USER_DEPRECATED);

    }
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 You can disable deprecation warnings by setting `Error.errorLevel` to `E_ALL & ~E_USER_DEPRECATED` in your config/app.php.'
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deprecationWarning - CORE/src/Core/functions.php, line 311
Cake\Http\ServerRequest::offsetGet() - CORE/src/Http/ServerRequest.php, line 2421
App\Controller\ArtileDetailController::index() - APP/Controller/ArtileDetailController.php, line 150
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Cake\Http\ActionDispatcher::_invoke() - CORE/src/Http/ActionDispatcher.php, line 120
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Cake\Http\Runner::__invoke() - CORE/src/Http/Runner.php, line 65
Cake\Routing\Middleware\RoutingMiddleware::__invoke() - CORE/src/Routing/Middleware/RoutingMiddleware.php, line 162
Cake\Http\Runner::__invoke() - CORE/src/Http/Runner.php, line 65
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Cake\Http\Runner::__invoke() - CORE/src/Http/Runner.php, line 65
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Cake\Http\Runner::__invoke() - CORE/src/Http/Runner.php, line 65
Cake\Http\Runner::run() - CORE/src/Http/Runner.php, line 51
Cake\Http\Server::run() - CORE/src/Http/Server.php, line 98

Deprecated (16384): The ArrayAccess methods will be removed in 4.0.0.Use getParam(), getData() and getQuery() instead. - /home/brlfuser/public_html/src/Controller/ArtileDetailController.php, line: 151
 You can disable deprecation warnings by setting `Error.errorLevel` to `E_ALL & ~E_USER_DEPRECATED` in your config/app.php. [CORE/src/Core/functions.php, line 311]
Code Context


        trigger_error($message, E_USER_DEPRECATED);

    }
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 You can disable deprecation warnings by setting `Error.errorLevel` to `E_ALL & ~E_USER_DEPRECATED` in your config/app.php.'
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deprecationWarning - CORE/src/Core/functions.php, line 311
Cake\Http\ServerRequest::offsetGet() - CORE/src/Http/ServerRequest.php, line 2421
App\Controller\ArtileDetailController::index() - APP/Controller/ArtileDetailController.php, line 151
Cake\Controller\Controller::invokeAction() - CORE/src/Controller/Controller.php, line 610
Cake\Http\ActionDispatcher::_invoke() - CORE/src/Http/ActionDispatcher.php, line 120
Cake\Http\ActionDispatcher::dispatch() - CORE/src/Http/ActionDispatcher.php, line 94
Cake\Http\BaseApplication::__invoke() - CORE/src/Http/BaseApplication.php, line 235
Cake\Http\Runner::__invoke() - CORE/src/Http/Runner.php, line 65
Cake\Routing\Middleware\RoutingMiddleware::__invoke() - CORE/src/Routing/Middleware/RoutingMiddleware.php, line 162
Cake\Http\Runner::__invoke() - CORE/src/Http/Runner.php, line 65
Cake\Routing\Middleware\AssetMiddleware::__invoke() - CORE/src/Routing/Middleware/AssetMiddleware.php, line 97
Cake\Http\Runner::__invoke() - CORE/src/Http/Runner.php, line 65
Cake\Error\Middleware\ErrorHandlerMiddleware::__invoke() - CORE/src/Error/Middleware/ErrorHandlerMiddleware.php, line 96
Cake\Http\Runner::__invoke() - CORE/src/Http/Runner.php, line 65
Cake\Http\Runner::run() - CORE/src/Http/Runner.php, line 51
Cake\Http\Server::run() - CORE/src/Http/Server.php, line 98

Warning (512): Unable to emit headers. Headers sent in file=/home/brlfuser/public_html/vendor/cakephp/cakephp/src/Error/Debugger.php line=853 [CORE/src/Http/ResponseEmitter.php, line 48]
Code Context
            if (Configure::read('debug')) {

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        Farm Crisis | Debt Trap    </title>
    <meta name="description" content="KEY TRENDS&nbsp;



&bull; The NSS 59th Round (January-December 2003) had found that 48.6% farmer
households were indebted while the NSS 70th Round (January-December 
2013) has observed that 52% of India's agricultural households were 
indebted in July, 2012-June, 2013 $


&nbsp;


&bull; A similar survey..."/>
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     <meta property="og:description" content="KEY TRENDS&nbsp;



&bull; The NSS 59th Round (January-December 2003) had found that 48.6% farmer
households were indebted while the NSS 70th Round (January-December 
2013) has observed that 52% of India's agricultural households were 
indebted in July, 2012-June, 2013 $


&nbsp;


&bull; A similar survey..." />
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                                                 <h3><b>Farm Crisis</b></h3>
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                                            <h2 style="font-weight: bold; font-size: 13px;">What's Inside</h2>
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                                                        <a href="https://im4change.in/farm-crisis/debt-trap-15.html?pgno=2#key-indicators-of-situation-assessment-survey-of-agricultural-households-in-india-nss-70th-round-published-in-december-2014">Key Indicators of Situation Assessment Survey of Agricultural Households in India, NSS 70th Round (published in December 2014)</a>
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                                                        <a href="https://im4change.in/farm-crisis/debt-trap-15.html?pgno=3#report-of-the-cag-on-implementation-of-agricultural-debt-waiver-and-debt-relief-scheme-2008">Report of the CAG on Implementation of Agricultural Debt Waiver and Debt Relief Scheme. 2008</a>
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                                                        <a href="https://im4change.in/farm-crisis/debt-trap-15.html?pgno=4#interim-budget-2009-10">Interim Budget 2009-10</a>
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                                                        <a href="https://im4change.in/farm-crisis/debt-trap-15.html?pgno=4#report-of-the-expert-group-on-agricultural-indebtedness-july-2007">Report of the Expert Group on Agricultural Indebtedness (July, 2007)</a>
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                                                        <a href="https://im4change.in/farm-crisis/debt-trap-15.html?pgno=5#situation-assessment-survey-of-farmers-indebtedness-of-farmer-households-nss-59th-round-januaryndashdecember-2003">Situation Assessment Survey of Farmers Indebtedness of Farmer Households NSS 59th Round (January&ndash;December 2003)</a>
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                                                        <a href="https://im4change.in/farm-crisis/debt-trap-15.html?pgno=5#bt-cotton-and-farmer-suicides-in-india">Bt Cotton and Farmer Suicides in India</a>
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                            </p><p align="justify"><em><strong>Steps taken (various sources)</strong></em> </p><p align="justify"><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial, sans-serif">&bull;&nbsp;The draft policy, as suggested by the National Commission on Farmers, calls for developing and introducing a Livelihood Security Package for farmersby providing them technology choice according to agro-ecological conditions and market demand; soil health enhancement and water conservation; quality and affordability of inputs; credit and insurance and market tie-up, besides necessary health care facilities linked with the National Rural' Health Commission.</span> </p><p align="justify"><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial, sans-serif">&bull;&nbsp;The loan waiver and debt relief package announced by the Prime Minister of India provides for complete write-off of all outstanding debt held on December 31, 2007 to scheduled commercial banks and co-operative societies, of small and marginal farmers, that is those holding less than 2 hectares of land. </span></p><p align="justify"><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial, sans-serif">&bull;&nbsp;For all other farmers, there will be a one-time settlement for the outstanding debt, whereby 25 per cent will be written off if the farmer repays 75 per cent. </span></p><p align="justify"><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial, sans-serif">&bull;&nbsp;It excludes from full benefits all the farmers on dry land and poor qualityland who hold more than 2 hectares, even though studies show that they are among the worst affected from the agrarian crisis. This package excludes the majority of farmers who have taken debt from private sources..</span> </p><p align="justify"><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial, sans-serif">&bull;&nbsp;The Government of Kerala established a Debt Relief Commission, to identify the pockets and categories of severe agrarian distress and provide relief accordingly</span> </p><p align="justify"><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial, sans-serif">&bull;&nbsp;In a bid to boost procurement of grains and provide competitive prices to farmers, the minimum support price (MSP) for rabi crop for the 2008-09 season has been raised in January, 2009. The MSP of wheat, which earlierwas Rs.1,000 per quintal for the 2008-09 marketing season, has been raised by Rs.80 to Rs.1,080 per quintal. The minimum support price (MSP)for the common variety of paddy was raised to Rs. 850 a quintal from Rs. 745 and for Grade A to Rs. 875 from Rs. 775 as an &ldquo;ad hoc measure.&rdquo;&nbsp;</span></p><p align="justify"><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial, sans-serif">According to the <a name="interim-budget-2009-10">Interim Budget 2009-10</a>, <br /><a href="http://indiabudget.nic.in/ub2009-10%28I%29/bh/bh1.pdf" title="http://indiabudget.nic.in/ub2009-10%28I%29/bh/bh1.pdf">http://indiabudget.nic.in/ub2009-10(I)/bh/bh1.pdf</a>:&nbsp;&nbsp; </span></p><p align="justify"><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial, sans-serif">&bull;&nbsp;Plan allocation for agriculture increased by 300 per cent from 2003-04 to 2008-09. Rashtriya Krishi Vikas Yojna launched in 2007-08 with an outlayof Rs.25,000 crore to increase growth rate of agriculture and allied sector to 4 per cent per annum during Eleventh Plan period.</span> </p><p align="justify"><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial, sans-serif">&bull;&nbsp;Agriculture credit disbursement increased three times from Rs.87,000 crore in 2003-04 to about Rs.2,50,000 crore in 2007-08.</span> </p><p align="justify"><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial, sans-serif">&bull;&nbsp;To strengthen short-term cooperative credit structure, revival package in 25 states involving financial assistance of about Rs.13,500 crore is being implemented.<br /></span></p><p align="justify"><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial, sans-serif">&bull;&nbsp;Interestsubvention to be continued in 2009-10 to ensure that farmers get short-term crop loans upto Rs.3 lakh at 7 per cent per annum.</span> </p><p align="justify"><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial, sans-serif">&bull;&nbsp;The Agricultural Debt Waiver and Debt Relief Scheme, 2008 was implemented byJune 30, 2008 as scheduled. Debt waiver/debt relief amounting to Rs.65,300 crore covers 3.6 crore farmers. </span></p><p align="justify"><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial, sans-serif">&bull;&nbsp;Despitehigher procurement cost and higher international prices during the last5 years, the central issue prices under Targeted Public Distribution System (TPDS) maintained at July, 2000 level in case of Below Poverty Line (BPL) and Antyodaya Anna Yojana (AAY) categories and at July, 2002 levels for Above Poverty Line (APL) category.</span> </p><p align="justify"><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial, sans-serif">&bull;&nbsp;MinimumSupport Price (MSP) for common variety of paddy increased from Rs.550 per quintal in 2003-04 to Rs.900 per quintal for the crop year 2008-09. In case of wheat, increase was from Rs.630 per quintal in 2003-04 to Rs.1080 per quintal for the year 2009. </span></p><p align="justify"><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial, sans-serif">According to the <a name="report-of-the-expert-group-on-agricultural-indebtedness-july-2007">Report of the Expert Group on Agricultural Indebtedness (July, 2007)</a>, <a href="http://www.igidr.ac.in/pdf/publication/PP-059.pdf" title="http://www.igidr.ac.in/pdf/publication/PP-059.pdf">http://www.igidr.ac.in/pdf/publication/PP-059.pdf</a>: </span></p><p align="justify"><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial, sans-serif"><strong>Recommendations</strong></span> </p><p align="justify"><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial, sans-serif">&bull;&nbsp;Thereis an urgent need to expand the production base of agriculture with emphasis on small and marginal farmers so as to integrate them with mainstream development. This calls for appropriate technological innovations, institutional alternatives and introduction of novel instruments of intervention. </span></p><p align="justify"><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial, sans-serif">&bull;&nbsp;Institutionalcredit availability to agriculture should be increased, excluded sections of the farmer households be brought into its ambit and a qualitative improvement in the credit delivery arrangements be brought about. The debt burden of farmers to informal sources should be reduced by formalising it through transferring the informal debt to formal institutions. </span></p><p align="justify"><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial, sans-serif">&bull;&nbsp;Rainfedareas are particularly prone to year-to-year fluctuations of productionand degradation of environmental resources. Concerted efforts are needed to rejuvenate their natural resource base as also to stabilise and augment the income sources of farm households.</span> </p><p align="justify"><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial, sans-serif">&bull;&nbsp;There is need to introduce space and information technology for weather forecasting.</span> </p><p align="justify"><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial, sans-serif">&bull;&nbsp;To ensure that rural development and poverty alleviation programmes benefitpoor farmers, farmers&rsquo; organisations should have a role in their design, implementation and monitoring. </span></p><p align="justify"><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial, sans-serif">&bull;&nbsp;The Government of India responded to the agrarian crisis through a package of relief measures for 31 distress-affected districts spread over AndhraPradesh, Karnataka, Kerala and Maharashtra. In addition, the Governments of these states, as also the Government of Punjab, have comeout with relief measures, inter alia, providing compensation to the bereaved farmers&rsquo; families</span> </p><p align="justify"><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial, sans-serif">&bull;&nbsp;It also recommends continuation of &lsquo;Non-Credit Component&rsquo; of the Prime Minister's Relief Package for two more years</span> </p><p align="justify"><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial, sans-serif">&bull;&nbsp;The Expert Group recommends that the main focus of the programme of &lsquo;financial inclusion&rsquo; should be on the basis of credit needs of all small borrower households. Institutional credit should be extended to those excluded farmer households who do not have access to any source ofcredit.</span> </p><p align="justify"><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial, sans-serif">&bull;&nbsp;Urgentsteps should be taken to set up mobile branches of banks in rural areasto ensure that the farmers are served at the doorstep, simultaneously reducing transaction costs on either side</span> </p><p align="justify"><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial, sans-serif">&bull;&nbsp;The Expert Group recommends the conversion of the Kisan Credit Card (KCC) into a full featured Bharat Kisan Card (BKC) &ndash; an electronic document tobe issued to each farmer incorporating the details of land, buildings, other assets and those of the credit facilities enjoyed. This has to be put on a mission mode. </span></p><p align="justify"><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial, sans-serif">&bull;&nbsp;The Lead Bank Scheme (LBS) was designed to bring about close coordination between district planning authorities and banking institutions. In the context of emergence of new institutions such as federations of farmers&rsquo;SHGs and the growing need for credit counselling by farmers, the ExpertGroup recommends that RBI should revitalise LBS </span></p><p align="justify"><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial, sans-serif">&bull;&nbsp;The Expert Group recommends that appropriate legislation should be enacted to facilitate creation of mortgages without procedural complexities </span></p><p align="justify"><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial, sans-serif">&bull;&nbsp;The Expert Group recommends early updating and computerisation of land records. This would facilitate noting the charge on the land, and improve availability of credit </span></p><p align="justify"><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial, sans-serif">&bull;&nbsp;The Expert Group recommends that crop loans should be extended to tenant farmers on the basis of tenancy records. To achieve this, it is necessary to legalise tenancy with due protection to small and marginal farmers and put tenancy in the Record of Rights (ROR). </span></p><p align="justify"><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial, sans-serif">&bull;&nbsp;The Expert Group feels that Micro Finance Institutions (MFIs) should be an integral part of mainstream banking. </span></p><p align="justify"><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial, sans-serif">&bull;&nbsp;NationalBank for Agriculture and Rural Development (NABARD) should provide effective guidance and training to the banks in the formulation of projects related to agriculture and the rural non-farm sector. </span></p><p align="justify"><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial, sans-serif">&bull;&nbsp;The Expert Group recommends that the banks should continue to make special efforts to induct qualified graduates in agriculture and allied sciencesin their staff </span></p><p align="justify"><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial, sans-serif">&bull;&nbsp;The Expert Group is of the view that the 18 per cent prescription of priority sector lending to agriculture by banks is a long-standing commitment, as a matter of public policy. However, this target is not being met by the banking system and there is a huge gap. The Expert Group recommends that the Government should ensure that banks fulfil this commitment. </span></p><p align="justify"><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial, sans-serif">&bull;&nbsp;The Expert Group also recommends a Farmers Livelihood Improvement Mission (FLIM) at the state and district levels headed by the Chief Minister andthe District Collector respectively. The mission should be supported bya Livelihood Support Centre (LSC) having professional expertise and manpower to organise the farmers, identify economic opportunities for the farmers, particularly for small and marginal farmers and create projects and systems in coordination with different stakeholders. </span></p><p align="justify"><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial, sans-serif">&bull;&nbsp;Giventhe importance of the crop insurance scheme for covering yield risks, the Expert Group recommends that a high level committee should thoroughly evaluate the scheme with a view to making it more effective </span></p><p align="justify"><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial, sans-serif">&bull;&nbsp;The Expert Group feels that the high level committee recommended above should also make a comparative evaluation of crop insurance, rainfall insurance and insurance based on moisture stress indices derived from satellite imagery data </span></p><p align="justify"><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial, sans-serif">&bull;&nbsp;To mitigate the impact of price collapse in cases of commodities not covered under Minimum Support Prices (MSPs), the Expert Group recommendsthat financial support may be provided to farmers out of a &lsquo;Price Risk Mitigation Fund&rsquo; </span></p><p align="justify"><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial, sans-serif">&bull;&nbsp;The Expert Group recommends that surveillance and advance crop assessment systems should be initiated in distressed districts of rainfed areas by using satellite imagery.</span> </p><p align="justify"><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial, sans-serif">&bull;&nbsp;The Expert Group further recommends that NRSA should strengthen its Researchand Development (R&amp;D) to establish links between satellite imagery data relating to soil moisture/ vegetative cover and actual yields basedon crop cutting experiments </span></p><p align="justify"><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial, sans-serif">&bull;&nbsp;An adequate number of input testing laboratories needs to be opened at the panchayat/block level to facilitate quality checks of inputs such as seeds, pesticides and fertilisers. </span></p><p align="justify"><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial, sans-serif">&bull;&nbsp;The Expert Group further recommends that the extension system should be revived by strengthening the linkage between agricultural universities and extension personnel, setting up of Krishi Vigyan Kendras (KVKs), agri-clinics, Agricultural Technology Management Agencies (ATMAs), farmer field schools and technology kiosks. Adequate budgetary provisionshould be made for reviving the agricultural research and extension system </span></p><p align="justify"><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial, sans-serif">&bull;&nbsp;The Expert Group underlines the need for expanding the livelihood opportunities for the rural population and recommends that income diversification opportunities should be created by promoting allied agricultural, agro-processing and other rural non-farm enterprises with aview to improving the sources of income of the farmers in general and the small and marginal farmers in particular as well as that of landlessagricultural labourer households </span></p><div align="justify"><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial, sans-serif">&bull;&nbsp;Expenditureon health is an unforeseen burden that leads to heavy borrowing, largely from informal sources, by affected families. This calls for immediate steps of strengthening the primary healthcare facilities. In addition, the Expert Group recommends implementation of health schemes for rural people. </span></div><p align="justify">&nbsp; </p><p>                                                                    <br>
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        Farm Crisis | Debt Trap    </title>
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&bull; The NSS 59th Round (January-December 2003) had found that 48.6% farmer
households were indebted while the NSS 70th Round (January-December 
2013) has observed that 52% of India's agricultural households were 
indebted in July, 2012-June, 2013 $


&nbsp;


&bull; A similar survey..."/>
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&bull; The NSS 59th Round (January-December 2003) had found that 48.6% farmer
households were indebted while the NSS 70th Round (January-December 
2013) has observed that 52% of India's agricultural households were 
indebted in July, 2012-June, 2013 $


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                                            <h2 style="font-weight: bold; font-size: 13px;">What's Inside</h2>
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                                                                                                    <li>
                                                        <a href="https://im4change.in/farm-crisis/debt-trap-15.html?pgno=2#key-indicators-of-situation-assessment-survey-of-agricultural-households-in-india-nss-70th-round-published-in-december-2014">Key Indicators of Situation Assessment Survey of Agricultural Households in India, NSS 70th Round (published in December 2014)</a>
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                                                        <a href="https://im4change.in/farm-crisis/debt-trap-15.html?pgno=3#report-of-the-cag-on-implementation-of-agricultural-debt-waiver-and-debt-relief-scheme-2008">Report of the CAG on Implementation of Agricultural Debt Waiver and Debt Relief Scheme. 2008</a>
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                                                        <a href="https://im4change.in/farm-crisis/debt-trap-15.html?pgno=4#interim-budget-2009-10">Interim Budget 2009-10</a>
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                                                        <a href="https://im4change.in/farm-crisis/debt-trap-15.html?pgno=4#report-of-the-expert-group-on-agricultural-indebtedness-july-2007">Report of the Expert Group on Agricultural Indebtedness (July, 2007)</a>
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                                                        <a href="https://im4change.in/farm-crisis/debt-trap-15.html?pgno=5#situation-assessment-survey-of-farmers-indebtedness-of-farmer-households-nss-59th-round-januaryndashdecember-2003">Situation Assessment Survey of Farmers Indebtedness of Farmer Households NSS 59th Round (January&ndash;December 2003)</a>
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                                                                                                        <li>
                                                        <a href="https://im4change.in/farm-crisis/debt-trap-15.html?pgno=5#bt-cotton-and-farmer-suicides-in-india">Bt Cotton and Farmer Suicides in India</a>
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                            </p><p align="justify"><em><strong>Steps taken (various sources)</strong></em> </p><p align="justify"><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial, sans-serif">&bull;&nbsp;The draft policy, as suggested by the National Commission on Farmers, calls for developing and introducing a Livelihood Security Package for farmersby providing them technology choice according to agro-ecological conditions and market demand; soil health enhancement and water conservation; quality and affordability of inputs; credit and insurance and market tie-up, besides necessary health care facilities linked with the National Rural' Health Commission.</span> </p><p align="justify"><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial, sans-serif">&bull;&nbsp;The loan waiver and debt relief package announced by the Prime Minister of India provides for complete write-off of all outstanding debt held on December 31, 2007 to scheduled commercial banks and co-operative societies, of small and marginal farmers, that is those holding less than 2 hectares of land. </span></p><p align="justify"><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial, sans-serif">&bull;&nbsp;For all other farmers, there will be a one-time settlement for the outstanding debt, whereby 25 per cent will be written off if the farmer repays 75 per cent. </span></p><p align="justify"><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial, sans-serif">&bull;&nbsp;It excludes from full benefits all the farmers on dry land and poor qualityland who hold more than 2 hectares, even though studies show that they are among the worst affected from the agrarian crisis. This package excludes the majority of farmers who have taken debt from private sources..</span> </p><p align="justify"><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial, sans-serif">&bull;&nbsp;The Government of Kerala established a Debt Relief Commission, to identify the pockets and categories of severe agrarian distress and provide relief accordingly</span> </p><p align="justify"><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial, sans-serif">&bull;&nbsp;In a bid to boost procurement of grains and provide competitive prices to farmers, the minimum support price (MSP) for rabi crop for the 2008-09 season has been raised in January, 2009. The MSP of wheat, which earlierwas Rs.1,000 per quintal for the 2008-09 marketing season, has been raised by Rs.80 to Rs.1,080 per quintal. The minimum support price (MSP)for the common variety of paddy was raised to Rs. 850 a quintal from Rs. 745 and for Grade A to Rs. 875 from Rs. 775 as an &ldquo;ad hoc measure.&rdquo;&nbsp;</span></p><p align="justify"><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial, sans-serif">According to the <a name="interim-budget-2009-10">Interim Budget 2009-10</a>, <br /><a href="http://indiabudget.nic.in/ub2009-10%28I%29/bh/bh1.pdf" title="http://indiabudget.nic.in/ub2009-10%28I%29/bh/bh1.pdf">http://indiabudget.nic.in/ub2009-10(I)/bh/bh1.pdf</a>:&nbsp;&nbsp; </span></p><p align="justify"><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial, sans-serif">&bull;&nbsp;Plan allocation for agriculture increased by 300 per cent from 2003-04 to 2008-09. Rashtriya Krishi Vikas Yojna launched in 2007-08 with an outlayof Rs.25,000 crore to increase growth rate of agriculture and allied sector to 4 per cent per annum during Eleventh Plan period.</span> </p><p align="justify"><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial, sans-serif">&bull;&nbsp;Agriculture credit disbursement increased three times from Rs.87,000 crore in 2003-04 to about Rs.2,50,000 crore in 2007-08.</span> </p><p align="justify"><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial, sans-serif">&bull;&nbsp;To strengthen short-term cooperative credit structure, revival package in 25 states involving financial assistance of about Rs.13,500 crore is being implemented.<br /></span></p><p align="justify"><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial, sans-serif">&bull;&nbsp;Interestsubvention to be continued in 2009-10 to ensure that farmers get short-term crop loans upto Rs.3 lakh at 7 per cent per annum.</span> </p><p align="justify"><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial, sans-serif">&bull;&nbsp;The Agricultural Debt Waiver and Debt Relief Scheme, 2008 was implemented byJune 30, 2008 as scheduled. Debt waiver/debt relief amounting to Rs.65,300 crore covers 3.6 crore farmers. </span></p><p align="justify"><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial, sans-serif">&bull;&nbsp;Despitehigher procurement cost and higher international prices during the last5 years, the central issue prices under Targeted Public Distribution System (TPDS) maintained at July, 2000 level in case of Below Poverty Line (BPL) and Antyodaya Anna Yojana (AAY) categories and at July, 2002 levels for Above Poverty Line (APL) category.</span> </p><p align="justify"><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial, sans-serif">&bull;&nbsp;MinimumSupport Price (MSP) for common variety of paddy increased from Rs.550 per quintal in 2003-04 to Rs.900 per quintal for the crop year 2008-09. In case of wheat, increase was from Rs.630 per quintal in 2003-04 to Rs.1080 per quintal for the year 2009. </span></p><p align="justify"><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial, sans-serif">According to the <a name="report-of-the-expert-group-on-agricultural-indebtedness-july-2007">Report of the Expert Group on Agricultural Indebtedness (July, 2007)</a>, <a href="http://www.igidr.ac.in/pdf/publication/PP-059.pdf" title="http://www.igidr.ac.in/pdf/publication/PP-059.pdf">http://www.igidr.ac.in/pdf/publication/PP-059.pdf</a>: </span></p><p align="justify"><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial, sans-serif"><strong>Recommendations</strong></span> </p><p align="justify"><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial, sans-serif">&bull;&nbsp;Thereis an urgent need to expand the production base of agriculture with emphasis on small and marginal farmers so as to integrate them with mainstream development. This calls for appropriate technological innovations, institutional alternatives and introduction of novel instruments of intervention. </span></p><p align="justify"><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial, sans-serif">&bull;&nbsp;Institutionalcredit availability to agriculture should be increased, excluded sections of the farmer households be brought into its ambit and a qualitative improvement in the credit delivery arrangements be brought about. The debt burden of farmers to informal sources should be reduced by formalising it through transferring the informal debt to formal institutions. </span></p><p align="justify"><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial, sans-serif">&bull;&nbsp;Rainfedareas are particularly prone to year-to-year fluctuations of productionand degradation of environmental resources. Concerted efforts are needed to rejuvenate their natural resource base as also to stabilise and augment the income sources of farm households.</span> </p><p align="justify"><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial, sans-serif">&bull;&nbsp;There is need to introduce space and information technology for weather forecasting.</span> </p><p align="justify"><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial, sans-serif">&bull;&nbsp;To ensure that rural development and poverty alleviation programmes benefitpoor farmers, farmers&rsquo; organisations should have a role in their design, implementation and monitoring. </span></p><p align="justify"><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial, sans-serif">&bull;&nbsp;The Government of India responded to the agrarian crisis through a package of relief measures for 31 distress-affected districts spread over AndhraPradesh, Karnataka, Kerala and Maharashtra. In addition, the Governments of these states, as also the Government of Punjab, have comeout with relief measures, inter alia, providing compensation to the bereaved farmers&rsquo; families</span> </p><p align="justify"><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial, sans-serif">&bull;&nbsp;It also recommends continuation of &lsquo;Non-Credit Component&rsquo; of the Prime Minister's Relief Package for two more years</span> </p><p align="justify"><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial, sans-serif">&bull;&nbsp;The Expert Group recommends that the main focus of the programme of &lsquo;financial inclusion&rsquo; should be on the basis of credit needs of all small borrower households. Institutional credit should be extended to those excluded farmer households who do not have access to any source ofcredit.</span> </p><p align="justify"><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial, sans-serif">&bull;&nbsp;Urgentsteps should be taken to set up mobile branches of banks in rural areasto ensure that the farmers are served at the doorstep, simultaneously reducing transaction costs on either side</span> </p><p align="justify"><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial, sans-serif">&bull;&nbsp;The Expert Group recommends the conversion of the Kisan Credit Card (KCC) into a full featured Bharat Kisan Card (BKC) &ndash; an electronic document tobe issued to each farmer incorporating the details of land, buildings, other assets and those of the credit facilities enjoyed. This has to be put on a mission mode. </span></p><p align="justify"><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial, sans-serif">&bull;&nbsp;The Lead Bank Scheme (LBS) was designed to bring about close coordination between district planning authorities and banking institutions. In the context of emergence of new institutions such as federations of farmers&rsquo;SHGs and the growing need for credit counselling by farmers, the ExpertGroup recommends that RBI should revitalise LBS </span></p><p align="justify"><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial, sans-serif">&bull;&nbsp;The Expert Group recommends that appropriate legislation should be enacted to facilitate creation of mortgages without procedural complexities </span></p><p align="justify"><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial, sans-serif">&bull;&nbsp;The Expert Group recommends early updating and computerisation of land records. This would facilitate noting the charge on the land, and improve availability of credit </span></p><p align="justify"><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial, sans-serif">&bull;&nbsp;The Expert Group recommends that crop loans should be extended to tenant farmers on the basis of tenancy records. To achieve this, it is necessary to legalise tenancy with due protection to small and marginal farmers and put tenancy in the Record of Rights (ROR). </span></p><p align="justify"><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial, sans-serif">&bull;&nbsp;The Expert Group feels that Micro Finance Institutions (MFIs) should be an integral part of mainstream banking. </span></p><p align="justify"><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial, sans-serif">&bull;&nbsp;NationalBank for Agriculture and Rural Development (NABARD) should provide effective guidance and training to the banks in the formulation of projects related to agriculture and the rural non-farm sector. </span></p><p align="justify"><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial, sans-serif">&bull;&nbsp;The Expert Group recommends that the banks should continue to make special efforts to induct qualified graduates in agriculture and allied sciencesin their staff </span></p><p align="justify"><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial, sans-serif">&bull;&nbsp;The Expert Group is of the view that the 18 per cent prescription of priority sector lending to agriculture by banks is a long-standing commitment, as a matter of public policy. However, this target is not being met by the banking system and there is a huge gap. The Expert Group recommends that the Government should ensure that banks fulfil this commitment. </span></p><p align="justify"><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial, sans-serif">&bull;&nbsp;The Expert Group also recommends a Farmers Livelihood Improvement Mission (FLIM) at the state and district levels headed by the Chief Minister andthe District Collector respectively. The mission should be supported bya Livelihood Support Centre (LSC) having professional expertise and manpower to organise the farmers, identify economic opportunities for the farmers, particularly for small and marginal farmers and create projects and systems in coordination with different stakeholders. </span></p><p align="justify"><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial, sans-serif">&bull;&nbsp;Giventhe importance of the crop insurance scheme for covering yield risks, the Expert Group recommends that a high level committee should thoroughly evaluate the scheme with a view to making it more effective </span></p><p align="justify"><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial, sans-serif">&bull;&nbsp;The Expert Group feels that the high level committee recommended above should also make a comparative evaluation of crop insurance, rainfall insurance and insurance based on moisture stress indices derived from satellite imagery data </span></p><p align="justify"><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial, sans-serif">&bull;&nbsp;To mitigate the impact of price collapse in cases of commodities not covered under Minimum Support Prices (MSPs), the Expert Group recommendsthat financial support may be provided to farmers out of a &lsquo;Price Risk Mitigation Fund&rsquo; </span></p><p align="justify"><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial, sans-serif">&bull;&nbsp;The Expert Group recommends that surveillance and advance crop assessment systems should be initiated in distressed districts of rainfed areas by using satellite imagery.</span> </p><p align="justify"><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial, sans-serif">&bull;&nbsp;The Expert Group further recommends that NRSA should strengthen its Researchand Development (R&amp;D) to establish links between satellite imagery data relating to soil moisture/ vegetative cover and actual yields basedon crop cutting experiments </span></p><p align="justify"><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial, sans-serif">&bull;&nbsp;An adequate number of input testing laboratories needs to be opened at the panchayat/block level to facilitate quality checks of inputs such as seeds, pesticides and fertilisers. </span></p><p align="justify"><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial, sans-serif">&bull;&nbsp;The Expert Group further recommends that the extension system should be revived by strengthening the linkage between agricultural universities and extension personnel, setting up of Krishi Vigyan Kendras (KVKs), agri-clinics, Agricultural Technology Management Agencies (ATMAs), farmer field schools and technology kiosks. Adequate budgetary provisionshould be made for reviving the agricultural research and extension system </span></p><p align="justify"><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial, sans-serif">&bull;&nbsp;The Expert Group underlines the need for expanding the livelihood opportunities for the rural population and recommends that income diversification opportunities should be created by promoting allied agricultural, agro-processing and other rural non-farm enterprises with aview to improving the sources of income of the farmers in general and the small and marginal farmers in particular as well as that of landlessagricultural labourer households </span></p><div align="justify"><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial, sans-serif">&bull;&nbsp;Expenditureon health is an unforeseen burden that leads to heavy borrowing, largely from informal sources, by affected families. This calls for immediate steps of strengthening the primary healthcare facilities. In addition, the Expert Group recommends implementation of health schemes for rural people. </span></div><p align="justify">&nbsp; </p><p>                                                                    <br>
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        Farm Crisis | Debt Trap    </title>
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&bull; The NSS 59th Round (January-December 2003) had found that 48.6% farmer
households were indebted while the NSS 70th Round (January-December 
2013) has observed that 52% of India's agricultural households were 
indebted in July, 2012-June, 2013 $


&nbsp;


&bull; A similar survey..."/>
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&bull; The NSS 59th Round (January-December 2003) had found that 48.6% farmer
households were indebted while the NSS 70th Round (January-December 
2013) has observed that 52% of India's agricultural households were 
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                                            <h2 style="font-weight: bold; font-size: 13px;">What's Inside</h2>
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                                                                                                    <li>
                                                        <a href="https://im4change.in/farm-crisis/debt-trap-15.html?pgno=2#key-indicators-of-situation-assessment-survey-of-agricultural-households-in-india-nss-70th-round-published-in-december-2014">Key Indicators of Situation Assessment Survey of Agricultural Households in India, NSS 70th Round (published in December 2014)</a>
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                                                        <a href="https://im4change.in/farm-crisis/debt-trap-15.html?pgno=3#report-of-the-cag-on-implementation-of-agricultural-debt-waiver-and-debt-relief-scheme-2008">Report of the CAG on Implementation of Agricultural Debt Waiver and Debt Relief Scheme. 2008</a>
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                                                        <a href="https://im4change.in/farm-crisis/debt-trap-15.html?pgno=4#interim-budget-2009-10">Interim Budget 2009-10</a>
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                                                        <a href="https://im4change.in/farm-crisis/debt-trap-15.html?pgno=4#report-of-the-expert-group-on-agricultural-indebtedness-july-2007">Report of the Expert Group on Agricultural Indebtedness (July, 2007)</a>
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                                                                                                        <li>
                                                        <a href="https://im4change.in/farm-crisis/debt-trap-15.html?pgno=5#situation-assessment-survey-of-farmers-indebtedness-of-farmer-households-nss-59th-round-januaryndashdecember-2003">Situation Assessment Survey of Farmers Indebtedness of Farmer Households NSS 59th Round (January&ndash;December 2003)</a>
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                                                                                                        <li>
                                                        <a href="https://im4change.in/farm-crisis/debt-trap-15.html?pgno=5#bt-cotton-and-farmer-suicides-in-india">Bt Cotton and Farmer Suicides in India</a>
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                            </p><p align="justify"><em><strong>Steps taken (various sources)</strong></em> </p><p align="justify"><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial, sans-serif">&bull;&nbsp;The draft policy, as suggested by the National Commission on Farmers, calls for developing and introducing a Livelihood Security Package for farmersby providing them technology choice according to agro-ecological conditions and market demand; soil health enhancement and water conservation; quality and affordability of inputs; credit and insurance and market tie-up, besides necessary health care facilities linked with the National Rural' Health Commission.</span> </p><p align="justify"><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial, sans-serif">&bull;&nbsp;The loan waiver and debt relief package announced by the Prime Minister of India provides for complete write-off of all outstanding debt held on December 31, 2007 to scheduled commercial banks and co-operative societies, of small and marginal farmers, that is those holding less than 2 hectares of land. </span></p><p align="justify"><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial, sans-serif">&bull;&nbsp;For all other farmers, there will be a one-time settlement for the outstanding debt, whereby 25 per cent will be written off if the farmer repays 75 per cent. </span></p><p align="justify"><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial, sans-serif">&bull;&nbsp;It excludes from full benefits all the farmers on dry land and poor qualityland who hold more than 2 hectares, even though studies show that they are among the worst affected from the agrarian crisis. This package excludes the majority of farmers who have taken debt from private sources..</span> </p><p align="justify"><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial, sans-serif">&bull;&nbsp;The Government of Kerala established a Debt Relief Commission, to identify the pockets and categories of severe agrarian distress and provide relief accordingly</span> </p><p align="justify"><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial, sans-serif">&bull;&nbsp;In a bid to boost procurement of grains and provide competitive prices to farmers, the minimum support price (MSP) for rabi crop for the 2008-09 season has been raised in January, 2009. The MSP of wheat, which earlierwas Rs.1,000 per quintal for the 2008-09 marketing season, has been raised by Rs.80 to Rs.1,080 per quintal. The minimum support price (MSP)for the common variety of paddy was raised to Rs. 850 a quintal from Rs. 745 and for Grade A to Rs. 875 from Rs. 775 as an &ldquo;ad hoc measure.&rdquo;&nbsp;</span></p><p align="justify"><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial, sans-serif">According to the <a name="interim-budget-2009-10">Interim Budget 2009-10</a>, <br /><a href="http://indiabudget.nic.in/ub2009-10%28I%29/bh/bh1.pdf" title="http://indiabudget.nic.in/ub2009-10%28I%29/bh/bh1.pdf">http://indiabudget.nic.in/ub2009-10(I)/bh/bh1.pdf</a>:&nbsp;&nbsp; </span></p><p align="justify"><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial, sans-serif">&bull;&nbsp;Plan allocation for agriculture increased by 300 per cent from 2003-04 to 2008-09. Rashtriya Krishi Vikas Yojna launched in 2007-08 with an outlayof Rs.25,000 crore to increase growth rate of agriculture and allied sector to 4 per cent per annum during Eleventh Plan period.</span> </p><p align="justify"><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial, sans-serif">&bull;&nbsp;Agriculture credit disbursement increased three times from Rs.87,000 crore in 2003-04 to about Rs.2,50,000 crore in 2007-08.</span> </p><p align="justify"><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial, sans-serif">&bull;&nbsp;To strengthen short-term cooperative credit structure, revival package in 25 states involving financial assistance of about Rs.13,500 crore is being implemented.<br /></span></p><p align="justify"><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial, sans-serif">&bull;&nbsp;Interestsubvention to be continued in 2009-10 to ensure that farmers get short-term crop loans upto Rs.3 lakh at 7 per cent per annum.</span> </p><p align="justify"><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial, sans-serif">&bull;&nbsp;The Agricultural Debt Waiver and Debt Relief Scheme, 2008 was implemented byJune 30, 2008 as scheduled. Debt waiver/debt relief amounting to Rs.65,300 crore covers 3.6 crore farmers. </span></p><p align="justify"><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial, sans-serif">&bull;&nbsp;Despitehigher procurement cost and higher international prices during the last5 years, the central issue prices under Targeted Public Distribution System (TPDS) maintained at July, 2000 level in case of Below Poverty Line (BPL) and Antyodaya Anna Yojana (AAY) categories and at July, 2002 levels for Above Poverty Line (APL) category.</span> </p><p align="justify"><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial, sans-serif">&bull;&nbsp;MinimumSupport Price (MSP) for common variety of paddy increased from Rs.550 per quintal in 2003-04 to Rs.900 per quintal for the crop year 2008-09. In case of wheat, increase was from Rs.630 per quintal in 2003-04 to Rs.1080 per quintal for the year 2009. </span></p><p align="justify"><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial, sans-serif">According to the <a name="report-of-the-expert-group-on-agricultural-indebtedness-july-2007">Report of the Expert Group on Agricultural Indebtedness (July, 2007)</a>, <a href="http://www.igidr.ac.in/pdf/publication/PP-059.pdf" title="http://www.igidr.ac.in/pdf/publication/PP-059.pdf">http://www.igidr.ac.in/pdf/publication/PP-059.pdf</a>: </span></p><p align="justify"><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial, sans-serif"><strong>Recommendations</strong></span> </p><p align="justify"><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial, sans-serif">&bull;&nbsp;Thereis an urgent need to expand the production base of agriculture with emphasis on small and marginal farmers so as to integrate them with mainstream development. This calls for appropriate technological innovations, institutional alternatives and introduction of novel instruments of intervention. </span></p><p align="justify"><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial, sans-serif">&bull;&nbsp;Institutionalcredit availability to agriculture should be increased, excluded sections of the farmer households be brought into its ambit and a qualitative improvement in the credit delivery arrangements be brought about. The debt burden of farmers to informal sources should be reduced by formalising it through transferring the informal debt to formal institutions. </span></p><p align="justify"><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial, sans-serif">&bull;&nbsp;Rainfedareas are particularly prone to year-to-year fluctuations of productionand degradation of environmental resources. Concerted efforts are needed to rejuvenate their natural resource base as also to stabilise and augment the income sources of farm households.</span> </p><p align="justify"><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial, sans-serif">&bull;&nbsp;There is need to introduce space and information technology for weather forecasting.</span> </p><p align="justify"><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial, sans-serif">&bull;&nbsp;To ensure that rural development and poverty alleviation programmes benefitpoor farmers, farmers&rsquo; organisations should have a role in their design, implementation and monitoring. </span></p><p align="justify"><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial, sans-serif">&bull;&nbsp;The Government of India responded to the agrarian crisis through a package of relief measures for 31 distress-affected districts spread over AndhraPradesh, Karnataka, Kerala and Maharashtra. In addition, the Governments of these states, as also the Government of Punjab, have comeout with relief measures, inter alia, providing compensation to the bereaved farmers&rsquo; families</span> </p><p align="justify"><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial, sans-serif">&bull;&nbsp;It also recommends continuation of &lsquo;Non-Credit Component&rsquo; of the Prime Minister's Relief Package for two more years</span> </p><p align="justify"><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial, sans-serif">&bull;&nbsp;The Expert Group recommends that the main focus of the programme of &lsquo;financial inclusion&rsquo; should be on the basis of credit needs of all small borrower households. Institutional credit should be extended to those excluded farmer households who do not have access to any source ofcredit.</span> </p><p align="justify"><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial, sans-serif">&bull;&nbsp;Urgentsteps should be taken to set up mobile branches of banks in rural areasto ensure that the farmers are served at the doorstep, simultaneously reducing transaction costs on either side</span> </p><p align="justify"><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial, sans-serif">&bull;&nbsp;The Expert Group recommends the conversion of the Kisan Credit Card (KCC) into a full featured Bharat Kisan Card (BKC) &ndash; an electronic document tobe issued to each farmer incorporating the details of land, buildings, other assets and those of the credit facilities enjoyed. This has to be put on a mission mode. </span></p><p align="justify"><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial, sans-serif">&bull;&nbsp;The Lead Bank Scheme (LBS) was designed to bring about close coordination between district planning authorities and banking institutions. In the context of emergence of new institutions such as federations of farmers&rsquo;SHGs and the growing need for credit counselling by farmers, the ExpertGroup recommends that RBI should revitalise LBS </span></p><p align="justify"><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial, sans-serif">&bull;&nbsp;The Expert Group recommends that appropriate legislation should be enacted to facilitate creation of mortgages without procedural complexities </span></p><p align="justify"><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial, sans-serif">&bull;&nbsp;The Expert Group recommends early updating and computerisation of land records. This would facilitate noting the charge on the land, and improve availability of credit </span></p><p align="justify"><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial, sans-serif">&bull;&nbsp;The Expert Group recommends that crop loans should be extended to tenant farmers on the basis of tenancy records. To achieve this, it is necessary to legalise tenancy with due protection to small and marginal farmers and put tenancy in the Record of Rights (ROR). </span></p><p align="justify"><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial, sans-serif">&bull;&nbsp;The Expert Group feels that Micro Finance Institutions (MFIs) should be an integral part of mainstream banking. </span></p><p align="justify"><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial, sans-serif">&bull;&nbsp;NationalBank for Agriculture and Rural Development (NABARD) should provide effective guidance and training to the banks in the formulation of projects related to agriculture and the rural non-farm sector. </span></p><p align="justify"><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial, sans-serif">&bull;&nbsp;The Expert Group recommends that the banks should continue to make special efforts to induct qualified graduates in agriculture and allied sciencesin their staff </span></p><p align="justify"><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial, sans-serif">&bull;&nbsp;The Expert Group is of the view that the 18 per cent prescription of priority sector lending to agriculture by banks is a long-standing commitment, as a matter of public policy. However, this target is not being met by the banking system and there is a huge gap. The Expert Group recommends that the Government should ensure that banks fulfil this commitment. </span></p><p align="justify"><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial, sans-serif">&bull;&nbsp;The Expert Group also recommends a Farmers Livelihood Improvement Mission (FLIM) at the state and district levels headed by the Chief Minister andthe District Collector respectively. The mission should be supported bya Livelihood Support Centre (LSC) having professional expertise and manpower to organise the farmers, identify economic opportunities for the farmers, particularly for small and marginal farmers and create projects and systems in coordination with different stakeholders. </span></p><p align="justify"><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial, sans-serif">&bull;&nbsp;Giventhe importance of the crop insurance scheme for covering yield risks, the Expert Group recommends that a high level committee should thoroughly evaluate the scheme with a view to making it more effective </span></p><p align="justify"><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial, sans-serif">&bull;&nbsp;The Expert Group feels that the high level committee recommended above should also make a comparative evaluation of crop insurance, rainfall insurance and insurance based on moisture stress indices derived from satellite imagery data </span></p><p align="justify"><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial, sans-serif">&bull;&nbsp;To mitigate the impact of price collapse in cases of commodities not covered under Minimum Support Prices (MSPs), the Expert Group recommendsthat financial support may be provided to farmers out of a &lsquo;Price Risk Mitigation Fund&rsquo; </span></p><p align="justify"><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial, sans-serif">&bull;&nbsp;The Expert Group recommends that surveillance and advance crop assessment systems should be initiated in distressed districts of rainfed areas by using satellite imagery.</span> </p><p align="justify"><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial, sans-serif">&bull;&nbsp;The Expert Group further recommends that NRSA should strengthen its Researchand Development (R&amp;D) to establish links between satellite imagery data relating to soil moisture/ vegetative cover and actual yields basedon crop cutting experiments </span></p><p align="justify"><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial, sans-serif">&bull;&nbsp;An adequate number of input testing laboratories needs to be opened at the panchayat/block level to facilitate quality checks of inputs such as seeds, pesticides and fertilisers. </span></p><p align="justify"><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial, sans-serif">&bull;&nbsp;The Expert Group further recommends that the extension system should be revived by strengthening the linkage between agricultural universities and extension personnel, setting up of Krishi Vigyan Kendras (KVKs), agri-clinics, Agricultural Technology Management Agencies (ATMAs), farmer field schools and technology kiosks. Adequate budgetary provisionshould be made for reviving the agricultural research and extension system </span></p><p align="justify"><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial, sans-serif">&bull;&nbsp;The Expert Group underlines the need for expanding the livelihood opportunities for the rural population and recommends that income diversification opportunities should be created by promoting allied agricultural, agro-processing and other rural non-farm enterprises with aview to improving the sources of income of the farmers in general and the small and marginal farmers in particular as well as that of landlessagricultural labourer households </span></p><div align="justify"><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial, sans-serif">&bull;&nbsp;Expenditureon health is an unforeseen burden that leads to heavy borrowing, largely from informal sources, by affected families. This calls for immediate steps of strengthening the primary healthcare facilities. In addition, the Expert Group recommends implementation of health schemes for rural people. </span></div><p align="justify">&nbsp; </p><p>                                                                    <br>
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Debt Trap

What's Inside Key Indicators of Situation Assessment Survey of Agricultural Households in India, NSS 70th Round (published in December 2014) Report of the CAG on Implementation of Agricultural Debt Waiver and Debt Relief Scheme. 2008 Interim Budget 2009-10 Report of the Expert Group on Agricultural Indebtedness (July, 2007) Situation Assessment Survey of Farmers Indebtedness of Farmer Households NSS 59th Round (January–December 2003) Bt Cotton and Farmer Suicides in India Steps taken (various sources) • The draft policy, as suggested by the National Commission on Farmers, calls for developing and introducing a Livelihood Security Package for farmersby providing them technology choice according to agro-ecological conditions and market demand; soil health enhancement and water conservation; quality and affordability of inputs; credit and insurance and market tie-up, besides necessary health care facilities linked with the National Rural' Health Commission. • The loan waiver and debt relief package announced by the Prime Minister of India provides for complete write-off of all outstanding debt held on December 31, 2007 to scheduled commercial banks and co-operative societies, of small and marginal farmers, that is those holding less than 2 hectares of land. • For all other farmers, there will be a one-time settlement for the outstanding debt, whereby 25 per cent will be written off if the farmer repays 75 per cent. • It excludes from full benefits all the farmers on dry land and poor qualityland who hold more than 2 hectares, even though studies show that they are among the worst affected from the agrarian crisis. This package excludes the majority of farmers who have taken debt from private sources.. • The Government of Kerala established a Debt Relief Commission, to identify the pockets and categories of severe agrarian distress and provide relief accordingly • In a bid to boost procurement of grains and provide competitive prices to farmers, the minimum support price (MSP) for rabi crop for the 2008-09 season has been raised in January, 2009. The MSP of wheat, which earlierwas Rs.1,000 per quintal for the 2008-09 marketing season, has been raised by Rs.80 to Rs.1,080 per quintal. The minimum support price (MSP)for the common variety of paddy was raised to Rs. 850 a quintal from Rs. 745 and for Grade A to Rs. 875 from Rs. 775 as an “ad hoc measure.”  According to the Interim Budget 2009-10, http://indiabudget.nic.in/ub2009-10(I)/bh/bh1.pdf:   • Plan allocation for agriculture increased by 300 per cent from 2003-04 to 2008-09. Rashtriya Krishi Vikas Yojna launched in 2007-08 with an outlayof Rs.25,000 crore to increase growth rate of agriculture and allied sector to 4 per cent per annum during Eleventh Plan period. • Agriculture credit disbursement increased three times from Rs.87,000 crore in 2003-04 to about Rs.2,50,000 crore in 2007-08. • To strengthen short-term cooperative credit structure, revival package in 25 states involving financial assistance of about Rs.13,500 crore is being implemented. • Interestsubvention to be continued in 2009-10 to ensure that farmers get short-term crop loans upto Rs.3 lakh at 7 per cent per annum. • The Agricultural Debt Waiver and Debt Relief Scheme, 2008 was implemented byJune 30, 2008 as scheduled. Debt waiver/debt relief amounting to Rs.65,300 crore covers 3.6 crore farmers. • Despitehigher procurement cost and higher international prices during the last5 years, the central issue prices under Targeted Public Distribution System (TPDS) maintained at July, 2000 level in case of Below Poverty Line (BPL) and Antyodaya Anna Yojana (AAY) categories and at July, 2002 levels for Above Poverty Line (APL) category. • MinimumSupport Price (MSP) for common variety of paddy increased from Rs.550 per quintal in 2003-04 to Rs.900 per quintal for the crop year 2008-09. In case of wheat, increase was from Rs.630 per quintal in 2003-04 to Rs.1080 per quintal for the year 2009. According to the Report of the Expert Group on Agricultural Indebtedness (July, 2007), http://www.igidr.ac.in/pdf/publication/PP-059.pdf: Recommendations • Thereis an urgent need to expand the production base of agriculture with emphasis on small and marginal farmers so as to integrate them with mainstream development. This calls for appropriate technological innovations, institutional alternatives and introduction of novel instruments of intervention. • Institutionalcredit availability to agriculture should be increased, excluded sections of the farmer households be brought into its ambit and a qualitative improvement in the credit delivery arrangements be brought about. The debt burden of farmers to informal sources should be reduced by formalising it through transferring the informal debt to formal institutions. • Rainfedareas are particularly prone to year-to-year fluctuations of productionand degradation of environmental resources. Concerted efforts are needed to rejuvenate their natural resource base as also to stabilise and augment the income sources of farm households. • There is need to introduce space and information technology for weather forecasting. • To ensure that rural development and poverty alleviation programmes benefitpoor farmers, farmers’ organisations should have a role in their design, implementation and monitoring. • The Government of India responded to the agrarian crisis through a package of relief measures for 31 distress-affected districts spread over AndhraPradesh, Karnataka, Kerala and Maharashtra. In addition, the Governments of these states, as also the Government of Punjab, have comeout with relief measures, inter alia, providing compensation to the bereaved farmers’ families • It also recommends continuation of ‘Non-Credit Component’ of the Prime Minister's Relief Package for two more years • The Expert Group recommends that the main focus of the programme of ‘financial inclusion’ should be on the basis of credit needs of all small borrower households. Institutional credit should be extended to those excluded farmer households who do not have access to any source ofcredit. • Urgentsteps should be taken to set up mobile branches of banks in rural areasto ensure that the farmers are served at the doorstep, simultaneously reducing transaction costs on either side • The Expert Group recommends the conversion of the Kisan Credit Card (KCC) into a full featured Bharat Kisan Card (BKC) – an electronic document tobe issued to each farmer incorporating the details of land, buildings, other assets and those of the credit facilities enjoyed. This has to be put on a mission mode. • The Lead Bank Scheme (LBS) was designed to bring about close coordination between district planning authorities and banking institutions. In the context of emergence of new institutions such as federations of farmers’SHGs and the growing need for credit counselling by farmers, the ExpertGroup recommends that RBI should revitalise LBS • The Expert Group recommends that appropriate legislation should be enacted to facilitate creation of mortgages without procedural complexities • The Expert Group recommends early updating and computerisation of land records. This would facilitate noting the charge on the land, and improve availability of credit • The Expert Group recommends that crop loans should be extended to tenant farmers on the basis of tenancy records. To achieve this, it is necessary to legalise tenancy with due protection to small and marginal farmers and put tenancy in the Record of Rights (ROR). • The Expert Group feels that Micro Finance Institutions (MFIs) should be an integral part of mainstream banking. • NationalBank for Agriculture and Rural Development (NABARD) should provide effective guidance and training to the banks in the formulation of projects related to agriculture and the rural non-farm sector. • The Expert Group recommends that the banks should continue to make special efforts to induct qualified graduates in agriculture and allied sciencesin their staff • The Expert Group is of the view that the 18 per cent prescription of priority sector lending to agriculture by banks is a long-standing commitment, as a matter of public policy. However, this target is not being met by the banking system and there is a huge gap. The Expert Group recommends that the Government should ensure that banks fulfil this commitment. • The Expert Group also recommends a Farmers Livelihood Improvement Mission (FLIM) at the state and district levels headed by the Chief Minister andthe District Collector respectively. The mission should be supported bya Livelihood Support Centre (LSC) having professional expertise and manpower to organise the farmers, identify economic opportunities for the farmers, particularly for small and marginal farmers and create projects and systems in coordination with different stakeholders. • Giventhe importance of the crop insurance scheme for covering yield risks, the Expert Group recommends that a high level committee should thoroughly evaluate the scheme with a view to making it more effective • The Expert Group feels that the high level committee recommended above should also make a comparative evaluation of crop insurance, rainfall insurance and insurance based on moisture stress indices derived from satellite imagery data • To mitigate the impact of price collapse in cases of commodities not covered under Minimum Support Prices (MSPs), the Expert Group recommendsthat financial support may be provided to farmers out of a ‘Price Risk Mitigation Fund’ • The Expert Group recommends that surveillance and advance crop assessment systems should be initiated in distressed districts of rainfed areas by using satellite imagery. • The Expert Group further recommends that NRSA should strengthen its Researchand Development (R&D) to establish links between satellite imagery data relating to soil moisture/ vegetative cover and actual yields basedon crop cutting experiments • An adequate number of input testing laboratories needs to be opened at the panchayat/block level to facilitate quality checks of inputs such as seeds, pesticides and fertilisers. • The Expert Group further recommends that the extension system should be revived by strengthening the linkage between agricultural universities and extension personnel, setting up of Krishi Vigyan Kendras (KVKs), agri-clinics, Agricultural Technology Management Agencies (ATMAs), farmer field schools and technology kiosks. Adequate budgetary provisionshould be made for reviving the agricultural research and extension system • The Expert Group underlines the need for expanding the livelihood opportunities for the rural population and recommends that income diversification opportunities should be created by promoting allied agricultural, agro-processing and other rural non-farm enterprises with aview to improving the sources of income of the farmers in general and the small and marginal farmers in particular as well as that of landlessagricultural labourer households • Expenditureon health is an unforeseen burden that leads to heavy borrowing, largely from informal sources, by affected families. This calls for immediate steps of strengthening the primary healthcare facilities. In addition, the Expert Group recommends implementation of health schemes for rural people.   « previous12345next »

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