Deprecated (16384): The ArrayAccess methods will be removed in 4.0.0.Use getParam(), getData() and getQuery() instead. - /home/brlfuser/public_html/src/Controller/ArtileDetailController.php, line: 150
 You can disable deprecation warnings by setting `Error.errorLevel` to `E_ALL & ~E_USER_DEPRECATED` in your config/app.php. [CORE/src/Core/functions.php, line 311]
Code Context


        trigger_error($message, E_USER_DEPRECATED);

    }
$message = 'The ArrayAccess methods will be removed in 4.0.0.Use getParam(), getData() and getQuery() instead. - /home/brlfuser/public_html/src/Controller/ArtileDetailController.php, line: 150
 You can disable deprecation warnings by setting `Error.errorLevel` to `E_ALL & ~E_USER_DEPRECATED` in your config/app.php.'
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deprecationWarning - CORE/src/Core/functions.php, line 311
Cake\Http\ServerRequest::offsetGet() - CORE/src/Http/ServerRequest.php, line 2421
App\Controller\ArtileDetailController::index() - APP/Controller/ArtileDetailController.php, line 150
Cake\Controller\Controller::invokeAction() - CORE/src/Controller/Controller.php, line 610
Cake\Http\ActionDispatcher::_invoke() - CORE/src/Http/ActionDispatcher.php, line 120
Cake\Http\ActionDispatcher::dispatch() - CORE/src/Http/ActionDispatcher.php, line 94
Cake\Http\BaseApplication::__invoke() - CORE/src/Http/BaseApplication.php, line 235
Cake\Http\Runner::__invoke() - CORE/src/Http/Runner.php, line 65
Cake\Routing\Middleware\RoutingMiddleware::__invoke() - CORE/src/Routing/Middleware/RoutingMiddleware.php, line 162
Cake\Http\Runner::__invoke() - CORE/src/Http/Runner.php, line 65
Cake\Routing\Middleware\AssetMiddleware::__invoke() - CORE/src/Routing/Middleware/AssetMiddleware.php, line 97
Cake\Http\Runner::__invoke() - CORE/src/Http/Runner.php, line 65
Cake\Error\Middleware\ErrorHandlerMiddleware::__invoke() - CORE/src/Error/Middleware/ErrorHandlerMiddleware.php, line 96
Cake\Http\Runner::__invoke() - CORE/src/Http/Runner.php, line 65
Cake\Http\Runner::run() - CORE/src/Http/Runner.php, line 51
Cake\Http\Server::run() - CORE/src/Http/Server.php, line 98

Deprecated (16384): The ArrayAccess methods will be removed in 4.0.0.Use getParam(), getData() and getQuery() instead. - /home/brlfuser/public_html/src/Controller/ArtileDetailController.php, line: 151
 You can disable deprecation warnings by setting `Error.errorLevel` to `E_ALL & ~E_USER_DEPRECATED` in your config/app.php. [CORE/src/Core/functions.php, line 311]
Code Context


        trigger_error($message, E_USER_DEPRECATED);

    }
$message = 'The ArrayAccess methods will be removed in 4.0.0.Use getParam(), getData() and getQuery() instead. - /home/brlfuser/public_html/src/Controller/ArtileDetailController.php, line: 151
 You can disable deprecation warnings by setting `Error.errorLevel` to `E_ALL & ~E_USER_DEPRECATED` in your config/app.php.'
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deprecationWarning - CORE/src/Core/functions.php, line 311
Cake\Http\ServerRequest::offsetGet() - CORE/src/Http/ServerRequest.php, line 2421
App\Controller\ArtileDetailController::index() - APP/Controller/ArtileDetailController.php, line 151
Cake\Controller\Controller::invokeAction() - CORE/src/Controller/Controller.php, line 610
Cake\Http\ActionDispatcher::_invoke() - CORE/src/Http/ActionDispatcher.php, line 120
Cake\Http\ActionDispatcher::dispatch() - CORE/src/Http/ActionDispatcher.php, line 94
Cake\Http\BaseApplication::__invoke() - CORE/src/Http/BaseApplication.php, line 235
Cake\Http\Runner::__invoke() - CORE/src/Http/Runner.php, line 65
Cake\Routing\Middleware\RoutingMiddleware::__invoke() - CORE/src/Routing/Middleware/RoutingMiddleware.php, line 162
Cake\Http\Runner::__invoke() - CORE/src/Http/Runner.php, line 65
Cake\Routing\Middleware\AssetMiddleware::__invoke() - CORE/src/Routing/Middleware/AssetMiddleware.php, line 97
Cake\Http\Runner::__invoke() - CORE/src/Http/Runner.php, line 65
Cake\Error\Middleware\ErrorHandlerMiddleware::__invoke() - CORE/src/Error/Middleware/ErrorHandlerMiddleware.php, line 96
Cake\Http\Runner::__invoke() - CORE/src/Http/Runner.php, line 65
Cake\Http\Runner::run() - CORE/src/Http/Runner.php, line 51
Cake\Http\Server::run() - CORE/src/Http/Server.php, line 98

Warning (512): Unable to emit headers. Headers sent in file=/home/brlfuser/public_html/vendor/cakephp/cakephp/src/Error/Debugger.php line=853 [CORE/src/Http/ResponseEmitter.php, line 48]
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भारत और उप-सहारीय अफ्रीका में मौजूद कुपोषण की तुलनात्मक व्याख्या के लिए अर्थशास्त्र के कुछ जानी-मानी हस्तियों के बीच बहस इस बात पर उलझी है कि आणुवांशिक बनावट इसके लिए किस कोण से जिम्मेदार है। इसी बीच सार्वजनिक स्वास्थ्य-विशेषज्ञ और दिल्ली स्कूल ऑव इकॉनॉमिक्स के विजिटिंग फैलो डीन स्पीयर्स ने इस बात के सबूत जुटाये हैं कि साफ-सफाई की कमी और खुले में शौच करने का रिश्ता कुपोषण और उच्च बाल मृत्यु-दर से है।(कृपया दोनों बातों के विस्तार के लिए देखें नीचे दी गई लिंक) <br />
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पॉलिसी लेसन्स् फ्रॉम इम्पलिमेंटिंग इंडिया&rsquo;ज् टोटल सैनिटेशन कंपेन(2012) नामक एक साक्ष्य-आधारित आलेख में स्पीयर्स ने सिद्ध किया है कि खुले में शौच करने के चलन के कारण बच्चों का कद उम्र के हिसाब से मानक स्तर तक नहीं बढ़ पाता। आलेख के अनुसार जिन परिवारों में खुले में शौच करने का चलन नहीं है उन परिवारों के बच्चे खुले में शौच करने वाले परिवारों के बच्चों की तुलना में लंबे हैं।. ( देखें नीचे दी गई लिंक)। यह शोध-अध्ययन एनसीएईआर(नेशनल काऊंसिल ऑव अप्लॉयड रिसर्च)तथा ब्रुकिंग्स् इंस्टीट्यूट के सहयोग से हुआ है।<br />
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स्पीयर्स ने शोध में पाया है कि भारतीय बच्चों की लंबाई और उनकी बुद्धिमत्ता के बीच सकारात्मक रिश्ता है और जो बच्चे अपेक्षाकृत लंबे हैं वे अधिगम से जुड़ी जांच में कहीं ज्यादा अंक हासिल कर रहे हैं। यह भी पाया गया कि भारतीय बच्चों की लंबाई से बोधक्षमता का रिश्ता इस मामले में अमेरिकी बच्चों की तुलना में ज्यादा है। शोध स्थापित करता है कि जीवन की शुरुआती अवस्था में साफ-सफाई की स्वास्थ्यकर आदतों का निर्णायक महत्व है।.<br />
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विकासशील देशों में खुले में शौच करने का चलन अलग-अलग परिमाण में पाया जाता है। स्पीयर्स का कहना है कि अंतर्राष्ट्रीय स्तर पर एक ही उम्र के बच्चों की लंबाई में जो अंतर पाया जाता है उसके आधे से अधिक मामलों की व्याख्या इस एक तथ्य के आधार पर की जा सकती है।भारत में बच्चों की परवरिश साफ-सफाई के माहौल में नहीं हो पाती। इस वजह से वे लंबे समय तक पेट के रोगों का शिकार रहते हैं और भोजन के पोषक-तत्वों का इस्तेमाल उनके शरीर में ठीक ढंग से नहीं हो पाता। ऐसे में बच्चों का कद मानक उम्र के लिहाज से मानक लंबाई तक नहीं पहुंचता।<br />
<br />
स्पीयर्स का यह अध्ययन एशिया की एक खास गुत्थी का राज खोलता है। प्रचलित मान्यता है कि उप-सहारीय देशों में कुपोषण कहीं ज्यादा व्यापक है क्योंकि वहां भारत की तुलना में गरीबी का स्तर ज्यादा है। बहरहाल, यूनिसेफ की हालिया रिपोर्ट में कहा गया है कि भारत में 2011 में मानक से कम लंबाई के बच्चों की संख्या 6.17 करोड़ थी और ऐसे बच्चों की वैश्विक तादाद का 37.9 फीसदी भारत में है।गौरतलब है कि उच्च आर्थिक-वृद्धि दर के बावजूद भारत में कुपोषित बच्चों की संख्या वैश्विक स्तर पर सबसे ज्यादा है। <br />
&nbsp;<br />
<br />
स्पीयर्स ने अपने शोध में आंकड़ों और साक्ष्यों का इस्तेमाल करते हुए दिखाया है कि भारत सरकार का सम्पूर्ण स्वच्छता अभियान भारत में बच्चों को स्वस्थ, लंबा बनने और बेहतर बोधक्षमता हासिल करने में मददगार रहा है। सम्पूर्ण स्वच्छता अभियान को शुरु हुए दस साल हो रहे हैं और इस अभियान से बाल-मृत्यु दर में कमी(प्रति हजार जीवित शिशुओं में चार) आई है।शोध में आंकड़ों के आधार पर बताया गया है कि किसी जिले में बच्चे के जन्म के पहले साल में जितने शौचालय बनते हैं उतनी ही इस बात की संभावना बढ़ते जाती है कि वह अपने पहले जन्मदिन की तिथि तक जीवित रहेगा।
</div>
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&nbsp;
</div>
<div align="justify">
कृपया इस कथा के विस्तार के लिए निम्नलिखित लिंक खोलें-
</div>
<div align="justify">
&nbsp;
</div>
<div align="justify">
Policy Lessons from Implementing India&rsquo;s Total 
Sanitation Campaign (2012)-Dean Spears, India Policy Forum 2012, 
NCAER-The Brookings Institution,<br />
<a href="http://www.ncaer.org/popuppages/EventDetails/IPF_2012/DeanSpears.pdf" title="http://www.ncaer.org/popuppages/EventDetails/IPF_2012/DeanSpears.pdf" title="http://www.ncaer.org/popuppages/EventDetails/IPF_2012/DeanSpears.pdf" title="http://www.ncaer.org/popuppages/EventDetails/IPF_2012/DeanSpears.pdf">http://www.ncaer.org/popuppages/EventDetails/IPF_2012/Dean<br />
Spears.pdf </a><br />
<div align="justify">
&nbsp;
</div>
<div align="justify">
Maternal and child nutrition: building momentum for impact (Comment), 6 June, 2013,<br />
Lancet, <a href="http://www.thelancet.com/series/maternal-and-child-nutrition" title="http://www.thelancet.com/series/maternal-and-child-nutrition" title="http://www.thelancet.com/series/maternal-and-child-nutrition" title="http://www.thelancet.com/series/maternal-and-child-nutrition">http://www.thelancet.com/series/maternal-and-child-nutrition</a> <br />
<br />
Coming up short in India -Dean Spears, Live Mint, 4 July, 2013,<br />
<a href="https://im4change.in/latest-news-updates/coming-up-short-in-india-dean-spears-21870.html" title="http://www.im4change.org/latest-news-updates/coming-up-short-in-india-dean-spears-21870.html" title="https://im4change.in/latest-news-updates/coming-up-short-in-india-dean-spears-21870.html" title="http://www.im4change.org/latest-news-updates/coming-up-short-in-india-dean-spears-21870.html">http://www.im4change.org/latest-news-updates/coming-up-sho<br />
rt-in-india-dean-spears-21870.html</a> <br />
<br />
2013 UNICEF report: Improving Child Nutrition: The achievable imperative for global progress,<br />
<a href="http://www.unicef.org/publications/files/Nutrition_Report_final_lo_res_8_April.pdf" title="http://www.unicef.org/publications/files/Nutrition_Report_final_lo_res_8_April.pdf" title="http://www.unicef.org/publications/files/Nutrition_Report_final_lo_res_8_April.pdf" title="http://www.unicef.org/publications/files/Nutrition_Report_final_lo_res_8_April.pdf">http://www.unicef.org/publications/files/Nutrition_Report_<br />
final_lo_res_8_April.pdf </a>
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<div align="justify">
&nbsp;
</div>
<div align="justify">
The Myth of Child Malnutrition in India-Arvind Panagariya, Columbia University, September 2012 Conference, Paper 8,<br />
<a href="http://indianeconomy.columbia.edu/sites/default/files/paper_8-panagariya.pdf" title="http://indianeconomy.columbia.edu/sites/default/files/paper_8-panagariya.pdf" title="http://indianeconomy.columbia.edu/sites/default/files/paper_8-panagariya.pdf" title="http://indianeconomy.columbia.edu/sites/default/files/paper_8-panagariya.pdf">http://indianeconomy.columbia.edu/sites/default/files/pape<br />
r_8-panagariya.pdf </a><br />
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<div align="justify">
&nbsp;
</div>
<div align="justify">
Renowned Economists &lsquo;eliminate&rsquo; Malnutrition, <br />
<a href="https://im4change.in/news-alerts/renowned-economists-eliminate-malnutrition-21307.html" title="http://www.im4change.org/news-alerts/renowned-economists-eliminate-malnutrition-21307.html" title="https://im4change.in/news-alerts/renowned-economists-eliminate-malnutrition-21307.html" title="http://www.im4change.org/news-alerts/renowned-economists-eliminate-malnutrition-21307.html">http://www.im4change.org/news-alerts/renowned-economists-e<br />
liminate-malnutrition-21307.html </a><br />
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&nbsp;
</div>
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Commentary: The Asian enigma by Vulimiri Ramalingaswami, Urban Jonsson and Jon Rohde, UNICEF, <a href="http://www.unicef.org/pon96/nuenigma.htm" title="http://www.unicef.org/pon96/nuenigma.htm" title="http://www.unicef.org/pon96/nuenigma.htm" title="http://www.unicef.org/pon96/nuenigma.htm">http://www.unicef.org/pon96/nuenigma.htm </a><br />
</div>
<div align="justify">
&nbsp;
</div>
<div align="justify">
WHO/UNICEF joint monitoring report 2012: Progress on drinking water and sanitation, <a href="http://www.who.int/water_sanitation_health/publications/2012/jmp2012.pdf" title="http://www.who.int/water_sanitation_health/publications/2012/jmp2012.pdf" title="http://www.who.int/water_sanitation_health/publications/2012/jmp2012.pdf" title="http://www.who.int/water_sanitation_health/publications/2012/jmp2012.pdf">http://www.who.int/water_sanitation_health/publications/20<br />
12/jmp2012.pdf </a><br />
<br />
Off-track, off-target-Why investment in water, sanitation and hygiene is not reaching those who need it most (2011), Water Aid, <br />
<a href="http://www.wateraid.org/%7E/media/Publications/water-sanitation-hygiene-investment.pdf" title="http://www.wateraid.org/~/media/Publications/water-sanitation-hygiene-investment.pdf" title="http://www.wateraid.org/%7E/media/Publications/water-sanitation-hygiene-investment.pdf" title="http://www.wateraid.org/~/media/Publications/water-sanitation-hygiene-investment.pdf">http://www.wateraid.org/~/media/Publications/water-sanitat<br />
ion-hygiene-investment.pdf </a><br />
</div>
<div align="justify">
&nbsp;
</div>
<div align="justify">
Final Figures of Houselisting &amp; Housing Census, 2011 Released, 13 March, 2012, <a href="http://pib.nic.in/newsite/erelease.aspx?relid=80811" title="http://pib.nic.in/newsite/erelease.aspx?relid=80811" title="http://pib.nic.in/newsite/erelease.aspx?relid=80811" title="http://pib.nic.in/newsite/erelease.aspx?relid=80811">http://pib.nic.in/newsite/erelease.aspx?relid=80811</a><br />
<br />
Houselisting and Housing Census Data Highlights-2011<br />
<a href="http://www.censusindia.gov.in/2011census/hlo/hlo_highlights.html" title="http://www.censusindia.gov.in/2011census/hlo/hlo_highlights.html" title="http://www.censusindia.gov.in/2011census/hlo/hlo_highlights.html" title="http://www.censusindia.gov.in/2011census/hlo/hlo_highlights.html">http://www.censusindia.gov.in/2011census/hlo/hlo_highlights.html </a>
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चित्र साभार-http://www.unicef.org/india/total-sanitation.jpg <br />
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भारत और उप-सहारीय अफ्रीका में मौजूद कुपोषण की तुलनात्मक व्याख्या के लिए अर्थशास्त्र के कुछ जानी-मानी हस्तियों के बीच बहस इस बात पर उलझी है कि आणुवांशिक बनावट इसके लिए किस कोण से जिम्मेदार है। इसी बीच सार्वजनिक स्वास्थ्य-विशेषज्ञ और दिल्ली स्कूल ऑव इकॉनॉमिक्स के विजिटिंग फैलो डीन स्पीयर्स ने इस बात के सबूत जुटाये हैं कि साफ-सफाई की कमी और खुले में शौच करने का रिश्ता कुपोषण और उच्च बाल मृत्यु-दर से है।(कृपया दोनों बातों के विस्तार के लिए देखें नीचे दी गई लिंक) <br />
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पॉलिसी लेसन्स् फ्रॉम इम्पलिमेंटिंग इंडिया&rsquo;ज् टोटल सैनिटेशन कंपेन(2012) नामक एक साक्ष्य-आधारित आलेख में स्पीयर्स ने सिद्ध किया है कि खुले में शौच करने के चलन के कारण बच्चों का कद उम्र के हिसाब से मानक स्तर तक नहीं बढ़ पाता। आलेख के अनुसार जिन परिवारों में खुले में शौच करने का चलन नहीं है उन परिवारों के बच्चे खुले में शौच करने वाले परिवारों के बच्चों की तुलना में लंबे हैं।. ( देखें नीचे दी गई लिंक)। यह शोध-अध्ययन एनसीएईआर(नेशनल काऊंसिल ऑव अप्लॉयड रिसर्च)तथा ब्रुकिंग्स् इंस्टीट्यूट के सहयोग से हुआ है।<br />
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स्पीयर्स ने शोध में पाया है कि भारतीय बच्चों की लंबाई और उनकी बुद्धिमत्ता के बीच सकारात्मक रिश्ता है और जो बच्चे अपेक्षाकृत लंबे हैं वे अधिगम से जुड़ी जांच में कहीं ज्यादा अंक हासिल कर रहे हैं। यह भी पाया गया कि भारतीय बच्चों की लंबाई से बोधक्षमता का रिश्ता इस मामले में अमेरिकी बच्चों की तुलना में ज्यादा है। शोध स्थापित करता है कि जीवन की शुरुआती अवस्था में साफ-सफाई की स्वास्थ्यकर आदतों का निर्णायक महत्व है।.<br />
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विकासशील देशों में खुले में शौच करने का चलन अलग-अलग परिमाण में पाया जाता है। स्पीयर्स का कहना है कि अंतर्राष्ट्रीय स्तर पर एक ही उम्र के बच्चों की लंबाई में जो अंतर पाया जाता है उसके आधे से अधिक मामलों की व्याख्या इस एक तथ्य के आधार पर की जा सकती है।भारत में बच्चों की परवरिश साफ-सफाई के माहौल में नहीं हो पाती। इस वजह से वे लंबे समय तक पेट के रोगों का शिकार रहते हैं और भोजन के पोषक-तत्वों का इस्तेमाल उनके शरीर में ठीक ढंग से नहीं हो पाता। ऐसे में बच्चों का कद मानक उम्र के लिहाज से मानक लंबाई तक नहीं पहुंचता।<br />
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स्पीयर्स का यह अध्ययन एशिया की एक खास गुत्थी का राज खोलता है। प्रचलित मान्यता है कि उप-सहारीय देशों में कुपोषण कहीं ज्यादा व्यापक है क्योंकि वहां भारत की तुलना में गरीबी का स्तर ज्यादा है। बहरहाल, यूनिसेफ की हालिया रिपोर्ट में कहा गया है कि भारत में 2011 में मानक से कम लंबाई के बच्चों की संख्या 6.17 करोड़ थी और ऐसे बच्चों की वैश्विक तादाद का 37.9 फीसदी भारत में है।गौरतलब है कि उच्च आर्थिक-वृद्धि दर के बावजूद भारत में कुपोषित बच्चों की संख्या वैश्विक स्तर पर सबसे ज्यादा है। <br />
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स्पीयर्स ने अपने शोध में आंकड़ों और साक्ष्यों का इस्तेमाल करते हुए दिखाया है कि भारत सरकार का सम्पूर्ण स्वच्छता अभियान भारत में बच्चों को स्वस्थ, लंबा बनने और बेहतर बोधक्षमता हासिल करने में मददगार रहा है। सम्पूर्ण स्वच्छता अभियान को शुरु हुए दस साल हो रहे हैं और इस अभियान से बाल-मृत्यु दर में कमी(प्रति हजार जीवित शिशुओं में चार) आई है।शोध में आंकड़ों के आधार पर बताया गया है कि किसी जिले में बच्चे के जन्म के पहले साल में जितने शौचालय बनते हैं उतनी ही इस बात की संभावना बढ़ते जाती है कि वह अपने पहले जन्मदिन की तिथि तक जीवित रहेगा।
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कृपया इस कथा के विस्तार के लिए निम्नलिखित लिंक खोलें-
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Policy Lessons from Implementing India&rsquo;s Total 
Sanitation Campaign (2012)-Dean Spears, India Policy Forum 2012, 
NCAER-The Brookings Institution,<br />
<a href="http://www.ncaer.org/popuppages/EventDetails/IPF_2012/DeanSpears.pdf" title="http://www.ncaer.org/popuppages/EventDetails/IPF_2012/DeanSpears.pdf" title="http://www.ncaer.org/popuppages/EventDetails/IPF_2012/DeanSpears.pdf" title="http://www.ncaer.org/popuppages/EventDetails/IPF_2012/DeanSpears.pdf">http://www.ncaer.org/popuppages/EventDetails/IPF_2012/Dean<br />
Spears.pdf </a><br />
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</div>
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Maternal and child nutrition: building momentum for impact (Comment), 6 June, 2013,<br />
Lancet, <a href="http://www.thelancet.com/series/maternal-and-child-nutrition" title="http://www.thelancet.com/series/maternal-and-child-nutrition" title="http://www.thelancet.com/series/maternal-and-child-nutrition" title="http://www.thelancet.com/series/maternal-and-child-nutrition">http://www.thelancet.com/series/maternal-and-child-nutrition</a> <br />
<br />
Coming up short in India -Dean Spears, Live Mint, 4 July, 2013,<br />
<a href="https://im4change.in/latest-news-updates/coming-up-short-in-india-dean-spears-21870.html" title="http://www.im4change.org/latest-news-updates/coming-up-short-in-india-dean-spears-21870.html" title="https://im4change.in/latest-news-updates/coming-up-short-in-india-dean-spears-21870.html" title="http://www.im4change.org/latest-news-updates/coming-up-short-in-india-dean-spears-21870.html">http://www.im4change.org/latest-news-updates/coming-up-sho<br />
rt-in-india-dean-spears-21870.html</a> <br />
<br />
2013 UNICEF report: Improving Child Nutrition: The achievable imperative for global progress,<br />
<a href="http://www.unicef.org/publications/files/Nutrition_Report_final_lo_res_8_April.pdf" title="http://www.unicef.org/publications/files/Nutrition_Report_final_lo_res_8_April.pdf" title="http://www.unicef.org/publications/files/Nutrition_Report_final_lo_res_8_April.pdf" title="http://www.unicef.org/publications/files/Nutrition_Report_final_lo_res_8_April.pdf">http://www.unicef.org/publications/files/Nutrition_Report_<br />
final_lo_res_8_April.pdf </a>
</div>
<div align="justify">
&nbsp;
</div>
<div align="justify">
The Myth of Child Malnutrition in India-Arvind Panagariya, Columbia University, September 2012 Conference, Paper 8,<br />
<a href="http://indianeconomy.columbia.edu/sites/default/files/paper_8-panagariya.pdf" title="http://indianeconomy.columbia.edu/sites/default/files/paper_8-panagariya.pdf" title="http://indianeconomy.columbia.edu/sites/default/files/paper_8-panagariya.pdf" title="http://indianeconomy.columbia.edu/sites/default/files/paper_8-panagariya.pdf">http://indianeconomy.columbia.edu/sites/default/files/pape<br />
r_8-panagariya.pdf </a><br />
</div>
<div align="justify">
&nbsp;
</div>
<div align="justify">
Renowned Economists &lsquo;eliminate&rsquo; Malnutrition, <br />
<a href="https://im4change.in/news-alerts/renowned-economists-eliminate-malnutrition-21307.html" title="http://www.im4change.org/news-alerts/renowned-economists-eliminate-malnutrition-21307.html" title="https://im4change.in/news-alerts/renowned-economists-eliminate-malnutrition-21307.html" title="http://www.im4change.org/news-alerts/renowned-economists-eliminate-malnutrition-21307.html">http://www.im4change.org/news-alerts/renowned-economists-e<br />
liminate-malnutrition-21307.html </a><br />
</div>
<div align="justify">
&nbsp;
</div>
<div align="justify">
Commentary: The Asian enigma by Vulimiri Ramalingaswami, Urban Jonsson and Jon Rohde, UNICEF, <a href="http://www.unicef.org/pon96/nuenigma.htm" title="http://www.unicef.org/pon96/nuenigma.htm" title="http://www.unicef.org/pon96/nuenigma.htm" title="http://www.unicef.org/pon96/nuenigma.htm">http://www.unicef.org/pon96/nuenigma.htm </a><br />
</div>
<div align="justify">
&nbsp;
</div>
<div align="justify">
WHO/UNICEF joint monitoring report 2012: Progress on drinking water and sanitation, <a href="http://www.who.int/water_sanitation_health/publications/2012/jmp2012.pdf" title="http://www.who.int/water_sanitation_health/publications/2012/jmp2012.pdf" title="http://www.who.int/water_sanitation_health/publications/2012/jmp2012.pdf" title="http://www.who.int/water_sanitation_health/publications/2012/jmp2012.pdf">http://www.who.int/water_sanitation_health/publications/20<br />
12/jmp2012.pdf </a><br />
<br />
Off-track, off-target-Why investment in water, sanitation and hygiene is not reaching those who need it most (2011), Water Aid, <br />
<a href="http://www.wateraid.org/%7E/media/Publications/water-sanitation-hygiene-investment.pdf" title="http://www.wateraid.org/~/media/Publications/water-sanitation-hygiene-investment.pdf" title="http://www.wateraid.org/%7E/media/Publications/water-sanitation-hygiene-investment.pdf" title="http://www.wateraid.org/~/media/Publications/water-sanitation-hygiene-investment.pdf">http://www.wateraid.org/~/media/Publications/water-sanitat<br />
ion-hygiene-investment.pdf </a><br />
</div>
<div align="justify">
&nbsp;
</div>
<div align="justify">
Final Figures of Houselisting &amp; Housing Census, 2011 Released, 13 March, 2012, <a href="http://pib.nic.in/newsite/erelease.aspx?relid=80811" title="http://pib.nic.in/newsite/erelease.aspx?relid=80811" title="http://pib.nic.in/newsite/erelease.aspx?relid=80811" title="http://pib.nic.in/newsite/erelease.aspx?relid=80811">http://pib.nic.in/newsite/erelease.aspx?relid=80811</a><br />
<br />
Houselisting and Housing Census Data Highlights-2011<br />
<a href="http://www.censusindia.gov.in/2011census/hlo/hlo_highlights.html" title="http://www.censusindia.gov.in/2011census/hlo/hlo_highlights.html" title="http://www.censusindia.gov.in/2011census/hlo/hlo_highlights.html" title="http://www.censusindia.gov.in/2011census/hlo/hlo_highlights.html">http://www.censusindia.gov.in/2011census/hlo/hlo_highlights.html </a>
</div>
</div>
<div align="justify">
&nbsp;
</div>
<div align="justify">
चित्र साभार-http://www.unicef.org/india/total-sanitation.jpg <br />
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    <br><a href="http://www.unicef.org/india/total-sanitation.jpg" class="re" target="_blank">चित्र साभार-http://www.unicef.org/india/total-sanitation.jpg</a><div class="clear"></div>
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    <h1 class="cat-box-title">शोध:सफाई का रिश्ता बच्चों की लंबाई और बुद्धिमत्ता से</h1>
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भारत और उप-सहारीय अफ्रीका में मौजूद कुपोषण की तुलनात्मक व्याख्या के लिए अर्थशास्त्र के कुछ जानी-मानी हस्तियों के बीच बहस इस बात पर उलझी है कि आणुवांशिक बनावट इसके लिए किस कोण से जिम्मेदार है। इसी बीच सार्वजनिक स्वास्थ्य-विशेषज्ञ और दिल्ली स्कूल ऑव इकॉनॉमिक्स के विजिटिंग फैलो डीन स्पीयर्स ने इस बात के सबूत जुटाये हैं कि साफ-सफाई की कमी और खुले में शौच करने का रिश्ता कुपोषण और उच्च बाल मृत्यु-दर से है।(कृपया दोनों बातों के विस्तार के लिए देखें नीचे दी गई लिंक) <br />
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पॉलिसी लेसन्स् फ्रॉम इम्पलिमेंटिंग इंडिया&rsquo;ज् टोटल सैनिटेशन कंपेन(2012) नामक एक साक्ष्य-आधारित आलेख में स्पीयर्स ने सिद्ध किया है कि खुले में शौच करने के चलन के कारण बच्चों का कद उम्र के हिसाब से मानक स्तर तक नहीं बढ़ पाता। आलेख के अनुसार जिन परिवारों में खुले में शौच करने का चलन नहीं है उन परिवारों के बच्चे खुले में शौच करने वाले परिवारों के बच्चों की तुलना में लंबे हैं।. ( देखें नीचे दी गई लिंक)। यह शोध-अध्ययन एनसीएईआर(नेशनल काऊंसिल ऑव अप्लॉयड रिसर्च)तथा ब्रुकिंग्स् इंस्टीट्यूट के सहयोग से हुआ है।<br />
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स्पीयर्स ने शोध में पाया है कि भारतीय बच्चों की लंबाई और उनकी बुद्धिमत्ता के बीच सकारात्मक रिश्ता है और जो बच्चे अपेक्षाकृत लंबे हैं वे अधिगम से जुड़ी जांच में कहीं ज्यादा अंक हासिल कर रहे हैं। यह भी पाया गया कि भारतीय बच्चों की लंबाई से बोधक्षमता का रिश्ता इस मामले में अमेरिकी बच्चों की तुलना में ज्यादा है। शोध स्थापित करता है कि जीवन की शुरुआती अवस्था में साफ-सफाई की स्वास्थ्यकर आदतों का निर्णायक महत्व है।.<br />
<br />
विकासशील देशों में खुले में शौच करने का चलन अलग-अलग परिमाण में पाया जाता है। स्पीयर्स का कहना है कि अंतर्राष्ट्रीय स्तर पर एक ही उम्र के बच्चों की लंबाई में जो अंतर पाया जाता है उसके आधे से अधिक मामलों की व्याख्या इस एक तथ्य के आधार पर की जा सकती है।भारत में बच्चों की परवरिश साफ-सफाई के माहौल में नहीं हो पाती। इस वजह से वे लंबे समय तक पेट के रोगों का शिकार रहते हैं और भोजन के पोषक-तत्वों का इस्तेमाल उनके शरीर में ठीक ढंग से नहीं हो पाता। ऐसे में बच्चों का कद मानक उम्र के लिहाज से मानक लंबाई तक नहीं पहुंचता।<br />
<br />
स्पीयर्स का यह अध्ययन एशिया की एक खास गुत्थी का राज खोलता है। प्रचलित मान्यता है कि उप-सहारीय देशों में कुपोषण कहीं ज्यादा व्यापक है क्योंकि वहां भारत की तुलना में गरीबी का स्तर ज्यादा है। बहरहाल, यूनिसेफ की हालिया रिपोर्ट में कहा गया है कि भारत में 2011 में मानक से कम लंबाई के बच्चों की संख्या 6.17 करोड़ थी और ऐसे बच्चों की वैश्विक तादाद का 37.9 फीसदी भारत में है।गौरतलब है कि उच्च आर्थिक-वृद्धि दर के बावजूद भारत में कुपोषित बच्चों की संख्या वैश्विक स्तर पर सबसे ज्यादा है। <br />
&nbsp;<br />
<br />
स्पीयर्स ने अपने शोध में आंकड़ों और साक्ष्यों का इस्तेमाल करते हुए दिखाया है कि भारत सरकार का सम्पूर्ण स्वच्छता अभियान भारत में बच्चों को स्वस्थ, लंबा बनने और बेहतर बोधक्षमता हासिल करने में मददगार रहा है। सम्पूर्ण स्वच्छता अभियान को शुरु हुए दस साल हो रहे हैं और इस अभियान से बाल-मृत्यु दर में कमी(प्रति हजार जीवित शिशुओं में चार) आई है।शोध में आंकड़ों के आधार पर बताया गया है कि किसी जिले में बच्चे के जन्म के पहले साल में जितने शौचालय बनते हैं उतनी ही इस बात की संभावना बढ़ते जाती है कि वह अपने पहले जन्मदिन की तिथि तक जीवित रहेगा।
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कृपया इस कथा के विस्तार के लिए निम्नलिखित लिंक खोलें-
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Policy Lessons from Implementing India&rsquo;s Total 
Sanitation Campaign (2012)-Dean Spears, India Policy Forum 2012, 
NCAER-The Brookings Institution,<br />
<a href="http://www.ncaer.org/popuppages/EventDetails/IPF_2012/DeanSpears.pdf" title="http://www.ncaer.org/popuppages/EventDetails/IPF_2012/DeanSpears.pdf" title="http://www.ncaer.org/popuppages/EventDetails/IPF_2012/DeanSpears.pdf" title="http://www.ncaer.org/popuppages/EventDetails/IPF_2012/DeanSpears.pdf">http://www.ncaer.org/popuppages/EventDetails/IPF_2012/Dean<br />
Spears.pdf </a><br />
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</div>
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Maternal and child nutrition: building momentum for impact (Comment), 6 June, 2013,<br />
Lancet, <a href="http://www.thelancet.com/series/maternal-and-child-nutrition" title="http://www.thelancet.com/series/maternal-and-child-nutrition" title="http://www.thelancet.com/series/maternal-and-child-nutrition" title="http://www.thelancet.com/series/maternal-and-child-nutrition">http://www.thelancet.com/series/maternal-and-child-nutrition</a> <br />
<br />
Coming up short in India -Dean Spears, Live Mint, 4 July, 2013,<br />
<a href="https://im4change.in/latest-news-updates/coming-up-short-in-india-dean-spears-21870.html" title="http://www.im4change.org/latest-news-updates/coming-up-short-in-india-dean-spears-21870.html" title="https://im4change.in/latest-news-updates/coming-up-short-in-india-dean-spears-21870.html" title="http://www.im4change.org/latest-news-updates/coming-up-short-in-india-dean-spears-21870.html">http://www.im4change.org/latest-news-updates/coming-up-sho<br />
rt-in-india-dean-spears-21870.html</a> <br />
<br />
2013 UNICEF report: Improving Child Nutrition: The achievable imperative for global progress,<br />
<a href="http://www.unicef.org/publications/files/Nutrition_Report_final_lo_res_8_April.pdf" title="http://www.unicef.org/publications/files/Nutrition_Report_final_lo_res_8_April.pdf" title="http://www.unicef.org/publications/files/Nutrition_Report_final_lo_res_8_April.pdf" title="http://www.unicef.org/publications/files/Nutrition_Report_final_lo_res_8_April.pdf">http://www.unicef.org/publications/files/Nutrition_Report_<br />
final_lo_res_8_April.pdf </a>
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The Myth of Child Malnutrition in India-Arvind Panagariya, Columbia University, September 2012 Conference, Paper 8,<br />
<a href="http://indianeconomy.columbia.edu/sites/default/files/paper_8-panagariya.pdf" title="http://indianeconomy.columbia.edu/sites/default/files/paper_8-panagariya.pdf" title="http://indianeconomy.columbia.edu/sites/default/files/paper_8-panagariya.pdf" title="http://indianeconomy.columbia.edu/sites/default/files/paper_8-panagariya.pdf">http://indianeconomy.columbia.edu/sites/default/files/pape<br />
r_8-panagariya.pdf </a><br />
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Renowned Economists &lsquo;eliminate&rsquo; Malnutrition, <br />
<a href="https://im4change.in/news-alerts/renowned-economists-eliminate-malnutrition-21307.html" title="http://www.im4change.org/news-alerts/renowned-economists-eliminate-malnutrition-21307.html" title="https://im4change.in/news-alerts/renowned-economists-eliminate-malnutrition-21307.html" title="http://www.im4change.org/news-alerts/renowned-economists-eliminate-malnutrition-21307.html">http://www.im4change.org/news-alerts/renowned-economists-e<br />
liminate-malnutrition-21307.html </a><br />
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Commentary: The Asian enigma by Vulimiri Ramalingaswami, Urban Jonsson and Jon Rohde, UNICEF, <a href="http://www.unicef.org/pon96/nuenigma.htm" title="http://www.unicef.org/pon96/nuenigma.htm" title="http://www.unicef.org/pon96/nuenigma.htm" title="http://www.unicef.org/pon96/nuenigma.htm">http://www.unicef.org/pon96/nuenigma.htm </a><br />
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&nbsp;
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WHO/UNICEF joint monitoring report 2012: Progress on drinking water and sanitation, <a href="http://www.who.int/water_sanitation_health/publications/2012/jmp2012.pdf" title="http://www.who.int/water_sanitation_health/publications/2012/jmp2012.pdf" title="http://www.who.int/water_sanitation_health/publications/2012/jmp2012.pdf" title="http://www.who.int/water_sanitation_health/publications/2012/jmp2012.pdf">http://www.who.int/water_sanitation_health/publications/20<br />
12/jmp2012.pdf </a><br />
<br />
Off-track, off-target-Why investment in water, sanitation and hygiene is not reaching those who need it most (2011), Water Aid, <br />
<a href="http://www.wateraid.org/%7E/media/Publications/water-sanitation-hygiene-investment.pdf" title="http://www.wateraid.org/~/media/Publications/water-sanitation-hygiene-investment.pdf" title="http://www.wateraid.org/%7E/media/Publications/water-sanitation-hygiene-investment.pdf" title="http://www.wateraid.org/~/media/Publications/water-sanitation-hygiene-investment.pdf">http://www.wateraid.org/~/media/Publications/water-sanitat<br />
ion-hygiene-investment.pdf </a><br />
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Final Figures of Houselisting &amp; Housing Census, 2011 Released, 13 March, 2012, <a href="http://pib.nic.in/newsite/erelease.aspx?relid=80811" title="http://pib.nic.in/newsite/erelease.aspx?relid=80811" title="http://pib.nic.in/newsite/erelease.aspx?relid=80811" title="http://pib.nic.in/newsite/erelease.aspx?relid=80811">http://pib.nic.in/newsite/erelease.aspx?relid=80811</a><br />
<br />
Houselisting and Housing Census Data Highlights-2011<br />
<a href="http://www.censusindia.gov.in/2011census/hlo/hlo_highlights.html" title="http://www.censusindia.gov.in/2011census/hlo/hlo_highlights.html" title="http://www.censusindia.gov.in/2011census/hlo/hlo_highlights.html" title="http://www.censusindia.gov.in/2011census/hlo/hlo_highlights.html">http://www.censusindia.gov.in/2011census/hlo/hlo_highlights.html </a>
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चित्र साभार-http://www.unicef.org/india/total-sanitation.jpg <br />
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    <br><a href="http://www.unicef.org/india/total-sanitation.jpg" class="re" target="_blank">चित्र साभार-http://www.unicef.org/india/total-sanitation.jpg</a><div class="clear"></div>
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शोध:सफाई का रिश्ता बच्चों की लंबाई और बुद्धिमत्ता से

Published on Jul 22, 2013   Modified on Jul 22, 2013

भारत और उप-सहारीय अफ्रीका में मौजूद कुपोषण की तुलनात्मक व्याख्या के लिए अर्थशास्त्र के कुछ जानी-मानी हस्तियों के बीच बहस इस बात पर उलझी है कि आणुवांशिक बनावट इसके लिए किस कोण से जिम्मेदार है। इसी बीच सार्वजनिक स्वास्थ्य-विशेषज्ञ और दिल्ली स्कूल ऑव इकॉनॉमिक्स के विजिटिंग फैलो डीन स्पीयर्स ने इस बात के सबूत जुटाये हैं कि साफ-सफाई की कमी और खुले में शौच करने का रिश्ता कुपोषण और उच्च बाल मृत्यु-दर से है।(कृपया दोनों बातों के विस्तार के लिए देखें नीचे दी गई लिंक) पॉलिसी लेसन्स् फ्रॉम इम्पलिमेंटिंग इंडिया’ज् टोटल सैनिटेशन कंपेन(2012) नामक एक साक्ष्य-आधारित आलेख में स्पीयर्स ने सिद्ध किया है कि खुले में शौच करने के चलन के कारण बच्चों का कद उम्र के हिसाब से मानक स्तर तक नहीं बढ़ पाता। आलेख के अनुसार जिन परिवारों में खुले में शौच करने का चलन नहीं है उन परिवारों के बच्चे खुले में शौच करने वाले परिवारों के बच्चों की तुलना में लंबे हैं।. ( देखें नीचे दी गई लिंक)। यह शोध-अध्ययन एनसीएईआर(नेशनल काऊंसिल ऑव अप्लॉयड रिसर्च)तथा ब्रुकिंग्स् इंस्टीट्यूट के सहयोग से हुआ है। स्पीयर्स ने शोध में पाया है कि भारतीय बच्चों की लंबाई और उनकी बुद्धिमत्ता के बीच सकारात्मक रिश्ता है और जो बच्चे अपेक्षाकृत लंबे हैं वे अधिगम से जुड़ी जांच में कहीं ज्यादा अंक हासिल कर रहे हैं। यह भी पाया गया कि भारतीय बच्चों की लंबाई से बोधक्षमता का रिश्ता इस मामले में अमेरिकी बच्चों की तुलना में ज्यादा है। शोध स्थापित करता है कि जीवन की शुरुआती अवस्था में साफ-सफाई की स्वास्थ्यकर आदतों का निर्णायक महत्व है।. विकासशील देशों में खुले में शौच करने का चलन अलग-अलग परिमाण में पाया जाता है। स्पीयर्स का कहना है कि अंतर्राष्ट्रीय स्तर पर एक ही उम्र के बच्चों की लंबाई में जो अंतर पाया जाता है उसके आधे से अधिक मामलों की व्याख्या इस एक तथ्य के आधार पर की जा सकती है।भारत में बच्चों की परवरिश साफ-सफाई के माहौल में नहीं हो पाती। इस वजह से वे लंबे समय तक पेट के रोगों का शिकार रहते हैं और भोजन के पोषक-तत्वों का इस्तेमाल उनके शरीर में ठीक ढंग से नहीं हो पाता। ऐसे में बच्चों का कद मानक उम्र के लिहाज से मानक लंबाई तक नहीं पहुंचता। स्पीयर्स का यह अध्ययन एशिया की एक खास गुत्थी का राज खोलता है। प्रचलित मान्यता है कि उप-सहारीय देशों में कुपोषण कहीं ज्यादा व्यापक है क्योंकि वहां भारत की तुलना में गरीबी का स्तर ज्यादा है। बहरहाल, यूनिसेफ की हालिया रिपोर्ट में कहा गया है कि भारत में 2011 में मानक से कम लंबाई के बच्चों की संख्या 6.17 करोड़ थी और ऐसे बच्चों की वैश्विक तादाद का 37.9 फीसदी भारत में है।गौरतलब है कि उच्च आर्थिक-वृद्धि दर के बावजूद भारत में कुपोषित बच्चों की संख्या वैश्विक स्तर पर सबसे ज्यादा है।   स्पीयर्स ने अपने शोध में आंकड़ों और साक्ष्यों का इस्तेमाल करते हुए दिखाया है कि भारत सरकार का सम्पूर्ण स्वच्छता अभियान भारत में बच्चों को स्वस्थ, लंबा बनने और बेहतर बोधक्षमता हासिल करने में मददगार रहा है। सम्पूर्ण स्वच्छता अभियान को शुरु हुए दस साल हो रहे हैं और इस अभियान से बाल-मृत्यु दर में कमी(प्रति हजार जीवित शिशुओं में चार) आई है।शोध में आंकड़ों के आधार पर बताया गया है कि किसी जिले में बच्चे के जन्म के पहले साल में जितने शौचालय बनते हैं उतनी ही इस बात की संभावना बढ़ते जाती है कि वह अपने पहले जन्मदिन की तिथि तक जीवित रहेगा।   कृपया इस कथा के विस्तार के लिए निम्नलिखित लिंक खोलें-   Policy Lessons from Implementing India’s Total Sanitation Campaign (2012)-Dean Spears, India Policy Forum 2012, NCAER-The Brookings Institution, http://www.ncaer.org/popuppages/EventDetails/IPF_2012/Dean Spears.pdf   Maternal and child nutrition: building momentum for impact (Comment), 6 June, 2013, Lancet, http://www.thelancet.com/series/maternal-and-child-nutrition Coming up short in India -Dean Spears, Live Mint, 4 July, 2013, http://www.im4change.org/latest-news-updates/coming-up-sho rt-in-india-dean-spears-21870.html 2013 UNICEF report: Improving Child Nutrition: The achievable imperative for global progress, http://www.unicef.org/publications/files/Nutrition_Report_ final_lo_res_8_April.pdf   The Myth of Child Malnutrition in India-Arvind Panagariya, Columbia University, September 2012 Conference, Paper 8, http://indianeconomy.columbia.edu/sites/default/files/pape r_8-panagariya.pdf   Renowned Economists ‘eliminate’ Malnutrition, http://www.im4change.org/news-alerts/renowned-economists-e liminate-malnutrition-21307.html   Commentary: The Asian enigma by Vulimiri Ramalingaswami, Urban Jonsson and Jon Rohde, UNICEF, http://www.unicef.org/pon96/nuenigma.htm   WHO/UNICEF joint monitoring report 2012: Progress on drinking water and sanitation, http://www.who.int/water_sanitation_health/publications/20 12/jmp2012.pdf Off-track, off-target-Why investment in water, sanitation and hygiene is not reaching those who need it most (2011), Water Aid, http://www.wateraid.org/~/media/Publications/water-sanitat ion-hygiene-investment.pdf   Final Figures of Houselisting & Housing Census, 2011 Released, 13 March, 2012, http://pib.nic.in/newsite/erelease.aspx?relid=80811 Houselisting and Housing Census Data Highlights-2011 http://www.censusindia.gov.in/2011census/hlo/hlo_highlights.html   चित्र साभार-http://www.unicef.org/india/total-sanitation.jpg

चित्र साभार-http://www.unicef.org/india/total-sanitation.jpg

Tagged with: साफ-सफाई कुपोषण स्वच्छता साफ-सफाई कुपोषण स्वच्छता

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