Deprecated (16384): The ArrayAccess methods will be removed in 4.0.0.Use getParam(), getData() and getQuery() instead. - /home/brlfuser/public_html/src/Controller/ArtileDetailController.php, line: 150 You can disable deprecation warnings by setting `Error.errorLevel` to `E_ALL & ~E_USER_DEPRECATED` in your config/app.php. [CORE/src/Core/functions.php, line 311]Code Contexttrigger_error($message, E_USER_DEPRECATED);}$message = 'The ArrayAccess methods will be removed in 4.0.0.Use getParam(), getData() and getQuery() instead. - /home/brlfuser/public_html/src/Controller/ArtileDetailController.php, line: 150 You can disable deprecation warnings by setting `Error.errorLevel` to `E_ALL & ~E_USER_DEPRECATED` in your config/app.php.' $stackFrame = (int) 1 $trace = [ (int) 0 => [ 'file' => '/home/brlfuser/public_html/vendor/cakephp/cakephp/src/Http/ServerRequest.php', 'line' => (int) 2421, 'function' => 'deprecationWarning', 'args' => [ (int) 0 => 'The ArrayAccess methods will be removed in 4.0.0.Use getParam(), getData() and getQuery() instead.' ] ], (int) 1 => [ 'file' => '/home/brlfuser/public_html/src/Controller/ArtileDetailController.php', 'line' => (int) 150, 'function' => 'offsetGet', 'class' => 'Cake\Http\ServerRequest', 'object' => object(Cake\Http\ServerRequest) {}, 'type' => '->', 'args' => [ (int) 0 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(int) 1 => object(Cake\Http\Response) {}, (int) 2 => object(Cake\Http\Runner) {} ] ], (int) 13 => [ 'file' => '/home/brlfuser/public_html/vendor/cakephp/cakephp/src/Http/Runner.php', 'line' => (int) 51, 'function' => '__invoke', 'class' => 'Cake\Http\Runner', 'object' => object(Cake\Http\Runner) {}, 'type' => '->', 'args' => [ (int) 0 => object(Cake\Http\ServerRequest) {}, (int) 1 => object(Cake\Http\Response) {} ] ], (int) 14 => [ 'file' => '/home/brlfuser/public_html/vendor/cakephp/cakephp/src/Http/Server.php', 'line' => (int) 98, 'function' => 'run', 'class' => 'Cake\Http\Runner', 'object' => object(Cake\Http\Runner) {}, 'type' => '->', 'args' => [ (int) 0 => object(Cake\Http\MiddlewareQueue) {}, (int) 1 => object(Cake\Http\ServerRequest) {}, (int) 2 => object(Cake\Http\Response) {} ] ], (int) 15 => [ 'file' => '/home/brlfuser/public_html/webroot/index.php', 'line' => (int) 39, 'function' => 'run', 'class' => 'Cake\Http\Server', 'object' => object(Cake\Http\Server) {}, 'type' => '->', 'args' => [] ] ] $frame = [ 'file' => '/home/brlfuser/public_html/src/Controller/ArtileDetailController.php', 'line' => (int) 150, 'function' => 'offsetGet', 'class' => 'Cake\Http\ServerRequest', 'object' => object(Cake\Http\ServerRequest) { trustProxy => false [protected] params => [ [maximum depth reached] ] [protected] data => [[maximum depth reached]] [protected] query => [ [maximum depth reached] ] [protected] cookies => [[maximum depth reached]] [protected] _environment => [ [maximum depth reached] ] [protected] url => 'hunger-hdi/pds-ration-food-security-42.html' [protected] base => '' [protected] webroot => '/' [protected] here => '/hunger-hdi/pds-ration-food-security-42.html' [protected] trustedProxies => [[maximum depth reached]] [protected] _input => null [protected] _detectors => [ [maximum depth reached] ] [protected] _detectorCache => [ [maximum depth reached] ] [protected] stream => object(Zend\Diactoros\PhpInputStream) {} [protected] uri => object(Zend\Diactoros\Uri) {} [protected] session => object(Cake\Http\Session) {} [protected] attributes => [[maximum depth reached]] [protected] emulatedAttributes => [ [maximum depth reached] ] [protected] uploadedFiles => [[maximum depth reached]] [protected] protocol => null [protected] requestTarget => null [private] deprecatedProperties => [ [maximum depth reached] ] }, 'type' => '->', 'args' => [ (int) 0 => 'catslug' ] ]deprecationWarning - CORE/src/Core/functions.php, line 311 Cake\Http\ServerRequest::offsetGet() - CORE/src/Http/ServerRequest.php, line 2421 App\Controller\ArtileDetailController::index() - APP/Controller/ArtileDetailController.php, line 150 Cake\Controller\Controller::invokeAction() - CORE/src/Controller/Controller.php, line 610 Cake\Http\ActionDispatcher::_invoke() - CORE/src/Http/ActionDispatcher.php, line 120 Cake\Http\ActionDispatcher::dispatch() - CORE/src/Http/ActionDispatcher.php, line 94 Cake\Http\BaseApplication::__invoke() - CORE/src/Http/BaseApplication.php, line 235 Cake\Http\Runner::__invoke() - CORE/src/Http/Runner.php, line 65 Cake\Routing\Middleware\RoutingMiddleware::__invoke() - CORE/src/Routing/Middleware/RoutingMiddleware.php, line 162 Cake\Http\Runner::__invoke() - CORE/src/Http/Runner.php, line 65 Cake\Routing\Middleware\AssetMiddleware::__invoke() - CORE/src/Routing/Middleware/AssetMiddleware.php, line 97 Cake\Http\Runner::__invoke() - CORE/src/Http/Runner.php, line 65 Cake\Error\Middleware\ErrorHandlerMiddleware::__invoke() - CORE/src/Error/Middleware/ErrorHandlerMiddleware.php, line 96 Cake\Http\Runner::__invoke() - CORE/src/Http/Runner.php, line 65 Cake\Http\Runner::run() - CORE/src/Http/Runner.php, line 51 Cake\Http\Server::run() - CORE/src/Http/Server.php, line 98
Deprecated (16384): The ArrayAccess methods will be removed in 4.0.0.Use getParam(), getData() and getQuery() instead. - /home/brlfuser/public_html/src/Controller/ArtileDetailController.php, line: 151 You can disable deprecation warnings by setting `Error.errorLevel` to `E_ALL & ~E_USER_DEPRECATED` in your config/app.php. [CORE/src/Core/functions.php, line 311]Code Contexttrigger_error($message, E_USER_DEPRECATED);}$message = 'The ArrayAccess methods will be removed in 4.0.0.Use getParam(), getData() and getQuery() instead. - /home/brlfuser/public_html/src/Controller/ArtileDetailController.php, line: 151 You can disable deprecation warnings by setting `Error.errorLevel` to `E_ALL & ~E_USER_DEPRECATED` in your config/app.php.' $stackFrame = (int) 1 $trace = [ (int) 0 => [ 'file' => '/home/brlfuser/public_html/vendor/cakephp/cakephp/src/Http/ServerRequest.php', 'line' => (int) 2421, 'function' => 'deprecationWarning', 'args' => [ (int) 0 => 'The ArrayAccess methods will be removed in 4.0.0.Use getParam(), getData() and getQuery() instead.' ] ], (int) 1 => [ 'file' => '/home/brlfuser/public_html/src/Controller/ArtileDetailController.php', 'line' => (int) 151, 'function' => 'offsetGet', 'class' => 'Cake\Http\ServerRequest', 'object' => object(Cake\Http\ServerRequest) {}, 'type' => '->', 'args' => [ (int) 0 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'->', 'args' => [] ] ] $frame = [ 'file' => '/home/brlfuser/public_html/src/Controller/ArtileDetailController.php', 'line' => (int) 151, 'function' => 'offsetGet', 'class' => 'Cake\Http\ServerRequest', 'object' => object(Cake\Http\ServerRequest) { trustProxy => false [protected] params => [ [maximum depth reached] ] [protected] data => [[maximum depth reached]] [protected] query => [ [maximum depth reached] ] [protected] cookies => [[maximum depth reached]] [protected] _environment => [ [maximum depth reached] ] [protected] url => 'hunger-hdi/pds-ration-food-security-42.html' [protected] base => '' [protected] webroot => '/' [protected] here => '/hunger-hdi/pds-ration-food-security-42.html' [protected] trustedProxies => [[maximum depth reached]] [protected] _input => null [protected] _detectors => [ [maximum depth reached] ] [protected] _detectorCache => [ [maximum depth reached] ] [protected] stream => object(Zend\Diactoros\PhpInputStream) {} [protected] uri => object(Zend\Diactoros\Uri) {} [protected] session => object(Cake\Http\Session) {} [protected] attributes => [[maximum depth reached]] [protected] emulatedAttributes => [ [maximum depth reached] ] [protected] uploadedFiles => [[maximum depth reached]] [protected] protocol => null [protected] requestTarget => null [private] deprecatedProperties => [ [maximum depth reached] ] }, 'type' => '->', 'args' => [ (int) 0 => 'artileslug' ] ]deprecationWarning - CORE/src/Core/functions.php, line 311 Cake\Http\ServerRequest::offsetGet() - CORE/src/Http/ServerRequest.php, line 2421 App\Controller\ArtileDetailController::index() - APP/Controller/ArtileDetailController.php, line 151 Cake\Controller\Controller::invokeAction() - CORE/src/Controller/Controller.php, line 610 Cake\Http\ActionDispatcher::_invoke() - CORE/src/Http/ActionDispatcher.php, line 120 Cake\Http\ActionDispatcher::dispatch() - CORE/src/Http/ActionDispatcher.php, line 94 Cake\Http\BaseApplication::__invoke() - CORE/src/Http/BaseApplication.php, line 235 Cake\Http\Runner::__invoke() - CORE/src/Http/Runner.php, line 65 Cake\Routing\Middleware\RoutingMiddleware::__invoke() - CORE/src/Routing/Middleware/RoutingMiddleware.php, line 162 Cake\Http\Runner::__invoke() - CORE/src/Http/Runner.php, line 65 Cake\Routing\Middleware\AssetMiddleware::__invoke() - CORE/src/Routing/Middleware/AssetMiddleware.php, line 97 Cake\Http\Runner::__invoke() - CORE/src/Http/Runner.php, line 65 Cake\Error\Middleware\ErrorHandlerMiddleware::__invoke() - CORE/src/Error/Middleware/ErrorHandlerMiddleware.php, line 96 Cake\Http\Runner::__invoke() - CORE/src/Http/Runner.php, line 65 Cake\Http\Runner::run() - CORE/src/Http/Runner.php, line 51 Cake\Http\Server::run() - CORE/src/Http/Server.php, line 98
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Headers sent in file=/home/brlfuser/public_html/vendor/cakephp/cakephp/src/Error/Debugger.php line=853 [CORE/src/Http/ResponseEmitter.php, line 48]Code Contextif (Configure::read('debug')) {trigger_error($message, E_USER_WARNING);} else {$response = object(Cake\Http\Response) { 'status' => (int) 200, 'contentType' => 'text/html', 'headers' => [ 'Content-Type' => [ [maximum depth reached] ] ], 'file' => null, 'fileRange' => [], 'cookies' => object(Cake\Http\Cookie\CookieCollection) {}, 'cacheDirectives' => [], 'body' => '<!DOCTYPE html> <!--[if lt IE 7 ]> <html class="ie ie6" lang='en'> <![endif]--> <!--[if IE 7 ]> <html class="ie ie7" lang='en'> <![endif]--> <!--[if IE 8 ]> <html class="ie ie8" lang='en'> <![endif]--> <!--[if (gte IE 9)|!(IE)]><!--> <html lang='en'> <!--<![endif]--> <head><meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=utf-8"> <title> Hunger / HDI | PDS/ Ration/ Food Security </title> <meta name="description" content="KEY TRENDS • During 2014-15, while procurement of foodgrains (rice and wheat) increased from 56.9 million tonnes to 60.2 million tonnes, offtake of foodgrains (rice and wheat) from the PDS decreased from 59.8 million tonnes to 55.9 million tonnes. 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href="https://im4change.in/hunger-hdi/pds-ration-food-security-42/print" rel="nofollow"> <img src="https://im4change.in/images/icon-print.png?1582080630" border="0" width="24" align="right" alt="Share this article"/> </a> </section> <div class="clear"></div> <div style="padding-top: 10px;"> <div class="innerLineHeight"> <div class="middleContent innerInput hunger-hdi"> <table> <tr> <td> <div class="rightSideContent" style="float: right; width: 300px; margin-left: 10px;"> <div class="box warning" style="padding: 12px;"> <div class="box-inner-block" style="padding-left: 0px;"> <div class="starlist"> <h2 style="font-weight: bold; font-size: 13px;">What's Inside</h2> <ul class="whatsinside"> <li> <a href="https://im4change.in/hunger-hdi/pds-ration-food-security-42.html?pgno=2#take-home-ration-good-practices-across-the-statesuts-published-in-2022">Take Home Ration: Good Practices across the States/UTs (published in 2022)</a> </li> <li> <a href="https://im4change.in/hunger-hdi/pds-ration-food-security-42.html?pgno=2#state-ranking-index-for-nfsa-1st-edition-released-on-july-5-2022">State Ranking Index for NFSA - 1st edition (released on July 5, 2022)</a> </li> <li> <a href="https://im4change.in/hunger-hdi/pds-ration-food-security-42.html?pgno=3#fulfilling-the-promise-of-one-nation-one-ration-card-a-frontline-perspective-from-5-indian-states-released-in-april-2022">Fulfilling the promise of One Nation One Ration Card: A frontline perspective from 5 Indian states (released in April, 2022)</a> </li> <li> <a href="https://im4change.in/hunger-hdi/pds-ration-food-security-42.html?pgno=4#details-of-second-tranche-announced-by-union-finance-corporate-affairs-minister-smt-nirmala-sitharamannbspdated-14th-may-2020-under-aatmanirbhar-bharat-abhiyaan">Details of Second Tranche announced by Union Finance & Corporate Affairs Minister Smt. Nirmala Sitharaman (dated 14th May, 2020) under Aatmanirbhar Bharat Abhiyaan</a> </li> <li> <a href="https://im4change.in/hunger-hdi/pds-ration-food-security-42.html?pgno=4#details-of-the-relief-package-of-rs-1-70-lakh-crore-under-pradhan-mantri-garib-kalyan-yojana-dated-26th-march-2020">Details of the Relief Package of Rs 1.70 Lakh Crore under Pradhan Mantri Garib Kalyan Yojana (dated 26th March, 2020)</a> </li> <li> <a href="https://im4change.in/hunger-hdi/pds-ration-food-security-42.html?pgno=4#economic-survey-2015-16">Economic Survey 2015-16</a> </li> <li> <a href="https://im4change.in/hunger-hdi/pds-ration-food-security-42.html?pgno=5#nss-68th-round-report-pds-and-other-sources-of-household-consumption-2011-12-released-in-june-2015">NSS 68th Round report: PDS and Other Sources of Household Consumption, 2011-12 (released in June 2015)</a> </li> <li> <a href="https://im4change.in/hunger-hdi/pds-ration-food-security-42.html?pgno=6#recommendations-of-high-level-committee-on-restructuring-of-fci">Recommendations of High Level Committee on restructuring of FCI</a> </li> <li> <a href="https://im4change.in/hunger-hdi/pds-ration-food-security-42.html?pgno=7#nss-report-household-consumption-of-various-goods-and-services-in-india-released-in-2014">NSS Report: Household Consumption of Various Goods and Services in India (released in 2014)</a> </li> <li> <a href="https://im4change.in/hunger-hdi/pds-ration-food-security-42.html?pgno=8#report-of-the-comptroller-and-auditor-general-of-india-on-performance-audit-of-storage-management-and-movement-of-food-grains-in-food-corporation-of-india">Report of the Comptroller and Auditor General of India on Performance Audit of Storage Management and Movement of Food Grains in Food Corporation of India</a> </li> </ul> <div><a href="javascript:void(0)" id="morewhatsinsidelink" onClick="javascript:$('#morewhatsinside').show();$('#morewhatsinsidelink').hide();$('#lesswhatsinsidelink').show();">More</a></div> <ul class="whatsinside" id="morewhatsinside" style="display:none"> <li> <a href="https://im4change.in/hunger-hdi/pds-ration-food-security-42.html?pgno=9#nss-66th-round-report-titled-public-distribution-system-and-other-sources-of-household-consumption-july-2009-june-2010">NSS 66th Round Report titled: Public Distribution System and Other Sources of Household Consumption (July 2009-June 2010)</a> </li> <li> <a href="https://im4change.in/hunger-hdi/pds-ration-food-security-42.html?pgno=10#chhattisgarh-food-security-act">Chhattisgarh Food Security Act</a> </li> <li> <a href="https://im4change.in/hunger-hdi/pds-ration-food-security-42.html?pgno=11#public-distribution-system-in-delhi-grievance-redressal-and-suo-moto-proactive-disclosure-of-information-by-pds-outlets-and-circle-offices">Public Distribution System in Delhi-Grievance Redressal and suo moto (proactive) disclosure of information by PDS outlets and circle offices</a> </li> <li> <a href="https://im4change.in/hunger-hdi/pds-ration-food-security-42.html?pgno=12#survey-on-preference-between-pds-and-cash-transfers-in-delhi">Survey on Preference between PDS and Cash Transfers in Delhi</a> </li> <li> <a href="https://im4change.in/hunger-hdi/pds-ration-food-security-42.html?pgno=13#how-can-food-subsidies-work-better-answers-from-india-and-the-philippines">How Can Food Subsidies Work Better? Answers from India and the Philippines</a> </li> <li> <a href="https://im4change.in/hunger-hdi/pds-ration-food-security-42.html?pgno=13#social-protection-for-a-changing-india">Social Protection for a Changing India</a> </li> <li> <a href="https://im4change.in/hunger-hdi/pds-ration-food-security-42.html?pgno=14#public-distribution-system-pds-and-other-sources-of-household-consumption-2004-05">Public Distribution System (PDS) and Other Sources of Household Consumption, 2004-05</a> </li> <li> <a href="https://im4change.in/hunger-hdi/pds-ration-food-security-42.html?pgno=14#11th-five-year-plan">11th Five Year Plan</a> </li> </ul> <div><a style="display:none" href="javascript:void(0)" id="lesswhatsinsidelink" onClick="javascript:$('#morewhatsinside').hide();$('#morewhatsinsidelink').show();$('#lesswhatsinsidelink').hide();">Less</a></div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div> </p><p style="text-align:justify">The NSS 66th Round Report titled: Public Distribution System and Other Sources of Household Consumption is based on information collected during 2009-10 from 100794 households in 7428 villages and 5263 urban blocks spread over the entire country.<br /><br />According to the <a name="nss-66th-round-report-titled-public-distribution-system-and-other-sources-of-household-consumption-july-2009-june-2010">NSS 66th Round Report titled: Public Distribution System and Other Sources of Household Consumption (July 2009-June 2010)</a>, MoSPI<br /><a href="http://mospi.nic.in/Mospi_New/upload/nss_report_545.pdf" title="http://mospi.nic.in/Mospi_New/upload/nss_report_545.pdf">http://mospi.nic.in/Mospi_New/upload/nss_report_545.pdf</a>: <br /><br /><strong>TRENDS IN SHARE OF PDS IN CONSUMPTION OF SPECIFIC ITEMS</strong><br /><br />• The contribution of PDS purchases to total consumption in 2009-10 shows a considerable rise compared to 2004-05, particularly for rice and wheat/atta.<br /><br />• The share of PDS purchase in rice consumption in 2009-10 was about 23.5% in the rural sector (1.41 kg out of 6.00 kg per person) and about 18% in the urban (0.81 kg out of 4.52 kg per person). In 2004-05, the PDS share in rice consumption had been about 13% in the rural sector and 11% in the urban.<br /><br />• The share of PDS in wheat/atta consumption in 2009-10 was about 14.6% (0.62 kg out of 4.25 kg per person) in the rural sector, double what it was in 2004-05 (7.3%), and about 9% in the urban sector, compared to only 3.8% in 2004-05.<br /><br />• PDS purchase accounted for 14.7% of consumption of sugar in 2009-10 compared to 9.6% in 2004-05 in the rural sector. The corresponding percentages for the urban sector were 10.3 and 6.6, respectively.<br /><br />• For kerosene, the contribution of PDS purchase in 2009-10 was 86.3% in the rural and 63.6% in the urban sector, higher than the 2004-05 percentages by about 9 and 7 percentage points respectively.<br /><br /><strong>RISE IN INCIDENCE OF PURCHASE FROM PDS BETWEEN 2004-05 AND 2009-10</strong><br /><br />• The percentage of households reporting consumption of rice from PDS during a 30-day period rose sharply from 24.4% to 39% in rural India and from 13% to 20.5% in urban India between 2004-05 and 2009-10.<br /><br />• The increase in the percentage of households reporting consumption from PDS was even sharper for wheat/atta: from 11% to 27.6% in rural India and from 5.8% to 17.6% in urban India.<br /><br />• For sugar too, there was a sharp rise in the percentage of reporting households from under 16% to nearly 28% in rural India and from 11.5% to 18.7% in urban India.<br /><br />• For kerosene, whereas for rural India the percentage of households reporting consumption from PDS increased by 9 percentage points from 73% to 82% between 2004-05 and 2009-10, the corresponding percentage for urban India remained unchanged at 33%. Only 18% of rural households and 15% of urban households reported consumption of kerosene from other sources.<br /><br /><strong>RICE: UTILISATION OF PDS ACROSS STATES</strong><br /><br />• The major States with relatively high incidence of PDS purchase of rice in the rural sector were Tamil Nadu (91% households), Andhra Pradesh (84%), Karnataka (75%), and Chhattisgarh (67%), followed by Kerala and Odisha (51-54%), and Maharashtra (47%).<br /><br />• In the urban sector, Tamil Nadu (67% households) again had the highest proportion of households reporting purchase during a 30-day period, followed by Andhra Pradesh and Kerala (about 43%), Chhattisgarh (35%) and Karnataka (25%).<br /><br />• In quite a few States where rice is the main cereal item, very low proportions of households reported PDS purchase of rice. Examples are Bihar (rural: 12%, urban: 4%), West Bengal (rural: 26%, urban: 7%), and Jharkhand (rural: 26%, urban: 9%).<br /><br />• The contribution of PDS purchases to total rice consumption was highest in Tamil Nadu (rural: 53%, urban: 41%), followed by Karnataka (rural: 45%, urban: 18%), Chhattisgarh (rural: 41%, urban: 26%), Maharashtra (rural: 34%, urban: 7.5%), Andhra Pradesh (rural: 33%, urban: 21%), and Kerala (rural: 28%, urban: 24%).<br /><br />• Among States where rice is the main cereal item, the share of PDS purchases in consumption was low in Bihar (rural: 5%, urban: 2%), West Bengal (rural: 6%, urban: 3%), Assam (rural: 11%, urban: 5%), and Jharkhand (rural: 14%, urban: 7%).<br /><br />• In Tamil Nadu, the ratio of unit values (unit cost of rice from non-PDS sources to PDS unit cost) was 19.7 in the rural sector and 25.6 in the urban sector. In Kerala and rural Maharashtra, participation in PDS was high though the cost advantage of PDS was not very great. In West Bengal, on the other hand, the share of PDS in quantity of rice consumed was very low although the cost advantage of PDS was above average.<br /><br /><strong>WHEAT/ ATTA: UTILISATION OF PDS ACROSS STATES</strong><br /><br />• For the rural sector, among the major States for which wheat is the major item of cereal consumption, Madhya Pradesh had the highest incidence of consumption of PDS wheat/atta (46% households), followed by Maharashtra (44%) and Gujarat (35%). For Karnataka and Tamil Nadu, for which rice is the major cereal item, the corresponding incidences of consumption of PDS wheat/atta were 69% and 57%, respectively.<br /><br />• In the urban sector, Tamil Nadu had the highest incidence of consumption of PDS wheat/atta (51% households), followed by Kerala (29%), Chhattisgarh (25%), Madhya Pradesh (24%) and then Karnataka (23%).<br /><br />• The proportion of households reporting PDS purchase of wheat/atta was quite low for the urban sector of Haryana (9%), Punjab (10%) and Rajasthan (12%), where wheat is the main item of cereal consumption. The proportion was also quite low for urban Bihar (5%), for which wheat forms a large part of total cereal consumption. The corresponding incidences for the rural sector of these States were also below the all-India average.<br /><br />• The share of PDS purchases of wheat/atta in consumption was largest for Tamil Nadu (rural: 86%, urban: 65%). This share was also large for Karnataka, West Bengal, Kerala and Chhattisgarh, all States for which rice and not wheat is the main cereal item.<br /><br />• Among States for which wheat is an important cereal item, PDS share in consumption was relatively high in Maharashtra (rural: 33%, urban: 9%) and Madhya Pradesh (rural: 22%, urban: 13%), but elsewhere, below the all-India average of 14.6% for the rural sector and 9% for the urban sector. It was noticeably low in Bihar (rural: 5%, urban: 2%), rural Uttar Pradesh (7%), urban Gujarat (5%), and urban Rajasthan (6%).<br /><br />• The ratio of unit cost of wheat/atta obtained from other sources to unit cost of wheat/ atta obtained through PDS varied from 1.7 in Assam to 7 in urban Odisha. Tamil Nadu and rural Chhattisgarh, with a large share of PDS in wheat/atta consumption, showed a strong cost advantage for PDS. But there were a number of States where high or low incidence of PDS purchase was not in tune with the cost advantage of PDS.<br /><br /><strong>SUGAR: UTILISATION OF PDS ACROSS STATES</strong><br /><br />• The proportion of households reporting consumption of PDS sugar was highest in Tamil Nadu (rural: 86%, urban: 78%), followed by Andhra Pradesh (rural: 57%, urban: 32%), Chhattisgarh (rural: 54%, urban: 31%), Assam (rural: 53%, urban: 27%) and rural Karnataka (47%).<br /><br />• The incidence of PDS purchase was very low in both rural and urban areas of Punjab, Bihar and Rajasthan, and in urban Jharkhand (0-2% households), and also in both rural and urban Haryana, rural Jharkhand and urban areas of Uttar Pradesh, Gujarat and West Bengal (3-6%).<br /><br />• Among the major States, by far the largest share of PDS purchases in consumption was seen in Tamil Nadu (rural: 73%, urban: 63%). This was followed by Assam (rural: 53%, urban: 31%), Chhattisgarh (rural: 29%, urban: 11%), and Andhra Pradesh (rural: 24.5%, urban: 12%).<br /><br />• The share of PDS was as low as 0-2% in Punjab, Rajasthan, Bihar, Haryana, and urban areas of Jharkhand and Uttar Pradesh.<br /><br /><strong>KEROSENE: UTILISATION OF PDS ACROSS STATES</strong><br /><br />• In all major States except Punjab and Haryana, the proportion of households reporting consumption of kerosene from PDS purchase ranged from 72% to 94% in the rural sector and from 18% to 62% in the urban sector.<br /><br />• In urban India, use of kerosene from PDS was most widespread in West Bengal (61.5% households), Kerala (59%), Bihar (53%), and Uttar Pradesh (49%).<br /><br />• In the rural sector, the contribution of PDS purchases to total kerosene consumption was 80% or more in all but two major States: Jharkhand and Assam. In the urban sector, the share of PDS purchases varied much more: from 23.5% in Punjab to 90% in Kerala.</p><p style="text-align:justify"> <br> <div align="center" class="pagination"> <span><a href="https://im4change.in/hunger-hdi/pds-ration-food-security-42.html?pgno=8" class="articlepagination">« previous</a></span><span><a href="https://im4change.in/hunger-hdi/pds-ration-food-security-42.html?pgno=1" class="articlepagination">1</a></span><span><a href="https://im4change.in/hunger-hdi/pds-ration-food-security-42.html?pgno=2" class="articlepagination">2</a></span><span><a href="https://im4change.in/hunger-hdi/pds-ration-food-security-42.html?pgno=3" class="articlepagination">3</a></span><span><a href="https://im4change.in/hunger-hdi/pds-ration-food-security-42.html?pgno=4" class="articlepagination">4</a></span><span><a href="https://im4change.in/hunger-hdi/pds-ration-food-security-42.html?pgno=5" class="articlepagination">5</a></span><span><a href="https://im4change.in/hunger-hdi/pds-ration-food-security-42.html?pgno=6" class="articlepagination">6</a></span><span><a href="https://im4change.in/hunger-hdi/pds-ration-food-security-42.html?pgno=7" class="articlepagination">7</a></span><span><a href="https://im4change.in/hunger-hdi/pds-ration-food-security-42.html?pgno=8" class="articlepagination">8</a></span><span class="current">9</span><span><a href="https://im4change.in/hunger-hdi/pds-ration-food-security-42.html?pgno=10" class="articlepagination">10</a></span><span><a href="https://im4change.in/hunger-hdi/pds-ration-food-security-42.html?pgno=11" class="articlepagination">11</a></span><span><a href="https://im4change.in/hunger-hdi/pds-ration-food-security-42.html?pgno=12" class="articlepagination">12</a></span><span><a href="https://im4change.in/hunger-hdi/pds-ration-food-security-42.html?pgno=13" class="articlepagination">13</a></span><span><a href="https://im4change.in/hunger-hdi/pds-ration-food-security-42.html?pgno=14" class="articlepagination">14</a></span><span><a href="https://im4change.in/hunger-hdi/pds-ration-food-security-42.html?pgno=10" class="articlepagination">next »</a></span> </div> </div> </td> </tr> </table> </div> </div> </div> <div class="clear"></div> <div class="clear"></div> <div class="comment-respond" id="respond"> <a name="commentbox"> </a> <h3 class="comment-reply-title" id="reply-title">Write Comments</h3> <form method="post" accept-charset="utf-8" role="form" action="/hunger-hdi/pds-ration-food-security-42.html?pgno=9"><div style="display:none;"><input type="hidden" name="_method" value="POST"/></div> <form class="comment-form" id="commentform" method="post" action="#commentbox" onSubmit="return validate()" name="cmtform"> <input type="hidden" name="cmttype" value="articlecmt"/> <input type="hidden" name="article_id" value="14"/> <p class="comment-notes">Your email address will not be published. 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href="https://im4change.in/hunger-hdi/pds-ration-food-security-42/print" rel="nofollow"> <img src="https://im4change.in/images/icon-print.png?1582080630" border="0" width="24" align="right" alt="Share this article"/> </a> </section> <div class="clear"></div> <div style="padding-top: 10px;"> <div class="innerLineHeight"> <div class="middleContent innerInput hunger-hdi"> <table> <tr> <td> <div class="rightSideContent" style="float: right; width: 300px; margin-left: 10px;"> <div class="box warning" style="padding: 12px;"> <div class="box-inner-block" style="padding-left: 0px;"> <div class="starlist"> <h2 style="font-weight: bold; font-size: 13px;">What's Inside</h2> <ul class="whatsinside"> <li> <a href="https://im4change.in/hunger-hdi/pds-ration-food-security-42.html?pgno=2#take-home-ration-good-practices-across-the-statesuts-published-in-2022">Take Home Ration: Good Practices across the States/UTs (published in 2022)</a> </li> <li> <a href="https://im4change.in/hunger-hdi/pds-ration-food-security-42.html?pgno=2#state-ranking-index-for-nfsa-1st-edition-released-on-july-5-2022">State Ranking Index for NFSA - 1st edition (released on July 5, 2022)</a> </li> <li> <a href="https://im4change.in/hunger-hdi/pds-ration-food-security-42.html?pgno=3#fulfilling-the-promise-of-one-nation-one-ration-card-a-frontline-perspective-from-5-indian-states-released-in-april-2022">Fulfilling the promise of One Nation One Ration Card: A frontline perspective from 5 Indian states (released in April, 2022)</a> </li> <li> <a href="https://im4change.in/hunger-hdi/pds-ration-food-security-42.html?pgno=4#details-of-second-tranche-announced-by-union-finance-corporate-affairs-minister-smt-nirmala-sitharamannbspdated-14th-may-2020-under-aatmanirbhar-bharat-abhiyaan">Details of Second Tranche announced by Union Finance & Corporate Affairs Minister Smt. Nirmala Sitharaman (dated 14th May, 2020) under Aatmanirbhar Bharat Abhiyaan</a> </li> <li> <a href="https://im4change.in/hunger-hdi/pds-ration-food-security-42.html?pgno=4#details-of-the-relief-package-of-rs-1-70-lakh-crore-under-pradhan-mantri-garib-kalyan-yojana-dated-26th-march-2020">Details of the Relief Package of Rs 1.70 Lakh Crore under Pradhan Mantri Garib Kalyan Yojana (dated 26th March, 2020)</a> </li> <li> <a href="https://im4change.in/hunger-hdi/pds-ration-food-security-42.html?pgno=4#economic-survey-2015-16">Economic Survey 2015-16</a> </li> <li> <a href="https://im4change.in/hunger-hdi/pds-ration-food-security-42.html?pgno=5#nss-68th-round-report-pds-and-other-sources-of-household-consumption-2011-12-released-in-june-2015">NSS 68th Round report: PDS and Other Sources of Household Consumption, 2011-12 (released in June 2015)</a> </li> <li> <a href="https://im4change.in/hunger-hdi/pds-ration-food-security-42.html?pgno=6#recommendations-of-high-level-committee-on-restructuring-of-fci">Recommendations of High Level Committee on restructuring of FCI</a> </li> <li> <a href="https://im4change.in/hunger-hdi/pds-ration-food-security-42.html?pgno=7#nss-report-household-consumption-of-various-goods-and-services-in-india-released-in-2014">NSS Report: Household Consumption of Various Goods and Services in India (released in 2014)</a> </li> <li> <a href="https://im4change.in/hunger-hdi/pds-ration-food-security-42.html?pgno=8#report-of-the-comptroller-and-auditor-general-of-india-on-performance-audit-of-storage-management-and-movement-of-food-grains-in-food-corporation-of-india">Report of the Comptroller and Auditor General of India on Performance Audit of Storage Management and Movement of Food Grains in Food Corporation of India</a> </li> </ul> <div><a href="javascript:void(0)" id="morewhatsinsidelink" onClick="javascript:$('#morewhatsinside').show();$('#morewhatsinsidelink').hide();$('#lesswhatsinsidelink').show();">More</a></div> <ul class="whatsinside" id="morewhatsinside" style="display:none"> <li> <a href="https://im4change.in/hunger-hdi/pds-ration-food-security-42.html?pgno=9#nss-66th-round-report-titled-public-distribution-system-and-other-sources-of-household-consumption-july-2009-june-2010">NSS 66th Round Report titled: Public Distribution System and Other Sources of Household Consumption (July 2009-June 2010)</a> </li> <li> <a href="https://im4change.in/hunger-hdi/pds-ration-food-security-42.html?pgno=10#chhattisgarh-food-security-act">Chhattisgarh Food Security Act</a> </li> <li> <a href="https://im4change.in/hunger-hdi/pds-ration-food-security-42.html?pgno=11#public-distribution-system-in-delhi-grievance-redressal-and-suo-moto-proactive-disclosure-of-information-by-pds-outlets-and-circle-offices">Public Distribution System in Delhi-Grievance Redressal and suo moto (proactive) disclosure of information by PDS outlets and circle offices</a> </li> <li> <a href="https://im4change.in/hunger-hdi/pds-ration-food-security-42.html?pgno=12#survey-on-preference-between-pds-and-cash-transfers-in-delhi">Survey on Preference between PDS and Cash Transfers in Delhi</a> </li> <li> <a href="https://im4change.in/hunger-hdi/pds-ration-food-security-42.html?pgno=13#how-can-food-subsidies-work-better-answers-from-india-and-the-philippines">How Can Food Subsidies Work Better? Answers from India and the Philippines</a> </li> <li> <a href="https://im4change.in/hunger-hdi/pds-ration-food-security-42.html?pgno=13#social-protection-for-a-changing-india">Social Protection for a Changing India</a> </li> <li> <a href="https://im4change.in/hunger-hdi/pds-ration-food-security-42.html?pgno=14#public-distribution-system-pds-and-other-sources-of-household-consumption-2004-05">Public Distribution System (PDS) and Other Sources of Household Consumption, 2004-05</a> </li> <li> <a href="https://im4change.in/hunger-hdi/pds-ration-food-security-42.html?pgno=14#11th-five-year-plan">11th Five Year Plan</a> </li> </ul> <div><a style="display:none" href="javascript:void(0)" id="lesswhatsinsidelink" onClick="javascript:$('#morewhatsinside').hide();$('#morewhatsinsidelink').show();$('#lesswhatsinsidelink').hide();">Less</a></div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div> </p><p style="text-align:justify">The NSS 66th Round Report titled: Public Distribution System and Other Sources of Household Consumption is based on information collected during 2009-10 from 100794 households in 7428 villages and 5263 urban blocks spread over the entire country.<br /><br />According to the <a name="nss-66th-round-report-titled-public-distribution-system-and-other-sources-of-household-consumption-july-2009-june-2010">NSS 66th Round Report titled: Public Distribution System and Other Sources of Household Consumption (July 2009-June 2010)</a>, MoSPI<br /><a href="http://mospi.nic.in/Mospi_New/upload/nss_report_545.pdf" title="http://mospi.nic.in/Mospi_New/upload/nss_report_545.pdf">http://mospi.nic.in/Mospi_New/upload/nss_report_545.pdf</a>: <br /><br /><strong>TRENDS IN SHARE OF PDS IN CONSUMPTION OF SPECIFIC ITEMS</strong><br /><br />• The contribution of PDS purchases to total consumption in 2009-10 shows a considerable rise compared to 2004-05, particularly for rice and wheat/atta.<br /><br />• The share of PDS purchase in rice consumption in 2009-10 was about 23.5% in the rural sector (1.41 kg out of 6.00 kg per person) and about 18% in the urban (0.81 kg out of 4.52 kg per person). In 2004-05, the PDS share in rice consumption had been about 13% in the rural sector and 11% in the urban.<br /><br />• The share of PDS in wheat/atta consumption in 2009-10 was about 14.6% (0.62 kg out of 4.25 kg per person) in the rural sector, double what it was in 2004-05 (7.3%), and about 9% in the urban sector, compared to only 3.8% in 2004-05.<br /><br />• PDS purchase accounted for 14.7% of consumption of sugar in 2009-10 compared to 9.6% in 2004-05 in the rural sector. The corresponding percentages for the urban sector were 10.3 and 6.6, respectively.<br /><br />• For kerosene, the contribution of PDS purchase in 2009-10 was 86.3% in the rural and 63.6% in the urban sector, higher than the 2004-05 percentages by about 9 and 7 percentage points respectively.<br /><br /><strong>RISE IN INCIDENCE OF PURCHASE FROM PDS BETWEEN 2004-05 AND 2009-10</strong><br /><br />• The percentage of households reporting consumption of rice from PDS during a 30-day period rose sharply from 24.4% to 39% in rural India and from 13% to 20.5% in urban India between 2004-05 and 2009-10.<br /><br />• The increase in the percentage of households reporting consumption from PDS was even sharper for wheat/atta: from 11% to 27.6% in rural India and from 5.8% to 17.6% in urban India.<br /><br />• For sugar too, there was a sharp rise in the percentage of reporting households from under 16% to nearly 28% in rural India and from 11.5% to 18.7% in urban India.<br /><br />• For kerosene, whereas for rural India the percentage of households reporting consumption from PDS increased by 9 percentage points from 73% to 82% between 2004-05 and 2009-10, the corresponding percentage for urban India remained unchanged at 33%. Only 18% of rural households and 15% of urban households reported consumption of kerosene from other sources.<br /><br /><strong>RICE: UTILISATION OF PDS ACROSS STATES</strong><br /><br />• The major States with relatively high incidence of PDS purchase of rice in the rural sector were Tamil Nadu (91% households), Andhra Pradesh (84%), Karnataka (75%), and Chhattisgarh (67%), followed by Kerala and Odisha (51-54%), and Maharashtra (47%).<br /><br />• In the urban sector, Tamil Nadu (67% households) again had the highest proportion of households reporting purchase during a 30-day period, followed by Andhra Pradesh and Kerala (about 43%), Chhattisgarh (35%) and Karnataka (25%).<br /><br />• In quite a few States where rice is the main cereal item, very low proportions of households reported PDS purchase of rice. Examples are Bihar (rural: 12%, urban: 4%), West Bengal (rural: 26%, urban: 7%), and Jharkhand (rural: 26%, urban: 9%).<br /><br />• The contribution of PDS purchases to total rice consumption was highest in Tamil Nadu (rural: 53%, urban: 41%), followed by Karnataka (rural: 45%, urban: 18%), Chhattisgarh (rural: 41%, urban: 26%), Maharashtra (rural: 34%, urban: 7.5%), Andhra Pradesh (rural: 33%, urban: 21%), and Kerala (rural: 28%, urban: 24%).<br /><br />• Among States where rice is the main cereal item, the share of PDS purchases in consumption was low in Bihar (rural: 5%, urban: 2%), West Bengal (rural: 6%, urban: 3%), Assam (rural: 11%, urban: 5%), and Jharkhand (rural: 14%, urban: 7%).<br /><br />• In Tamil Nadu, the ratio of unit values (unit cost of rice from non-PDS sources to PDS unit cost) was 19.7 in the rural sector and 25.6 in the urban sector. In Kerala and rural Maharashtra, participation in PDS was high though the cost advantage of PDS was not very great. In West Bengal, on the other hand, the share of PDS in quantity of rice consumed was very low although the cost advantage of PDS was above average.<br /><br /><strong>WHEAT/ ATTA: UTILISATION OF PDS ACROSS STATES</strong><br /><br />• For the rural sector, among the major States for which wheat is the major item of cereal consumption, Madhya Pradesh had the highest incidence of consumption of PDS wheat/atta (46% households), followed by Maharashtra (44%) and Gujarat (35%). For Karnataka and Tamil Nadu, for which rice is the major cereal item, the corresponding incidences of consumption of PDS wheat/atta were 69% and 57%, respectively.<br /><br />• In the urban sector, Tamil Nadu had the highest incidence of consumption of PDS wheat/atta (51% households), followed by Kerala (29%), Chhattisgarh (25%), Madhya Pradesh (24%) and then Karnataka (23%).<br /><br />• The proportion of households reporting PDS purchase of wheat/atta was quite low for the urban sector of Haryana (9%), Punjab (10%) and Rajasthan (12%), where wheat is the main item of cereal consumption. The proportion was also quite low for urban Bihar (5%), for which wheat forms a large part of total cereal consumption. The corresponding incidences for the rural sector of these States were also below the all-India average.<br /><br />• The share of PDS purchases of wheat/atta in consumption was largest for Tamil Nadu (rural: 86%, urban: 65%). This share was also large for Karnataka, West Bengal, Kerala and Chhattisgarh, all States for which rice and not wheat is the main cereal item.<br /><br />• Among States for which wheat is an important cereal item, PDS share in consumption was relatively high in Maharashtra (rural: 33%, urban: 9%) and Madhya Pradesh (rural: 22%, urban: 13%), but elsewhere, below the all-India average of 14.6% for the rural sector and 9% for the urban sector. It was noticeably low in Bihar (rural: 5%, urban: 2%), rural Uttar Pradesh (7%), urban Gujarat (5%), and urban Rajasthan (6%).<br /><br />• The ratio of unit cost of wheat/atta obtained from other sources to unit cost of wheat/ atta obtained through PDS varied from 1.7 in Assam to 7 in urban Odisha. Tamil Nadu and rural Chhattisgarh, with a large share of PDS in wheat/atta consumption, showed a strong cost advantage for PDS. But there were a number of States where high or low incidence of PDS purchase was not in tune with the cost advantage of PDS.<br /><br /><strong>SUGAR: UTILISATION OF PDS ACROSS STATES</strong><br /><br />• The proportion of households reporting consumption of PDS sugar was highest in Tamil Nadu (rural: 86%, urban: 78%), followed by Andhra Pradesh (rural: 57%, urban: 32%), Chhattisgarh (rural: 54%, urban: 31%), Assam (rural: 53%, urban: 27%) and rural Karnataka (47%).<br /><br />• The incidence of PDS purchase was very low in both rural and urban areas of Punjab, Bihar and Rajasthan, and in urban Jharkhand (0-2% households), and also in both rural and urban Haryana, rural Jharkhand and urban areas of Uttar Pradesh, Gujarat and West Bengal (3-6%).<br /><br />• Among the major States, by far the largest share of PDS purchases in consumption was seen in Tamil Nadu (rural: 73%, urban: 63%). This was followed by Assam (rural: 53%, urban: 31%), Chhattisgarh (rural: 29%, urban: 11%), and Andhra Pradesh (rural: 24.5%, urban: 12%).<br /><br />• The share of PDS was as low as 0-2% in Punjab, Rajasthan, Bihar, Haryana, and urban areas of Jharkhand and Uttar Pradesh.<br /><br /><strong>KEROSENE: UTILISATION OF PDS ACROSS STATES</strong><br /><br />• In all major States except Punjab and Haryana, the proportion of households reporting consumption of kerosene from PDS purchase ranged from 72% to 94% in the rural sector and from 18% to 62% in the urban sector.<br /><br />• In urban India, use of kerosene from PDS was most widespread in West Bengal (61.5% households), Kerala (59%), Bihar (53%), and Uttar Pradesh (49%).<br /><br />• In the rural sector, the contribution of PDS purchases to total kerosene consumption was 80% or more in all but two major States: Jharkhand and Assam. In the urban sector, the share of PDS purchases varied much more: from 23.5% in Punjab to 90% in Kerala.</p><p style="text-align:justify"> <br> <div align="center" class="pagination"> <span><a href="https://im4change.in/hunger-hdi/pds-ration-food-security-42.html?pgno=8" class="articlepagination">« previous</a></span><span><a href="https://im4change.in/hunger-hdi/pds-ration-food-security-42.html?pgno=1" class="articlepagination">1</a></span><span><a href="https://im4change.in/hunger-hdi/pds-ration-food-security-42.html?pgno=2" class="articlepagination">2</a></span><span><a href="https://im4change.in/hunger-hdi/pds-ration-food-security-42.html?pgno=3" class="articlepagination">3</a></span><span><a href="https://im4change.in/hunger-hdi/pds-ration-food-security-42.html?pgno=4" class="articlepagination">4</a></span><span><a href="https://im4change.in/hunger-hdi/pds-ration-food-security-42.html?pgno=5" class="articlepagination">5</a></span><span><a href="https://im4change.in/hunger-hdi/pds-ration-food-security-42.html?pgno=6" class="articlepagination">6</a></span><span><a href="https://im4change.in/hunger-hdi/pds-ration-food-security-42.html?pgno=7" class="articlepagination">7</a></span><span><a href="https://im4change.in/hunger-hdi/pds-ration-food-security-42.html?pgno=8" class="articlepagination">8</a></span><span class="current">9</span><span><a href="https://im4change.in/hunger-hdi/pds-ration-food-security-42.html?pgno=10" class="articlepagination">10</a></span><span><a href="https://im4change.in/hunger-hdi/pds-ration-food-security-42.html?pgno=11" class="articlepagination">11</a></span><span><a href="https://im4change.in/hunger-hdi/pds-ration-food-security-42.html?pgno=12" class="articlepagination">12</a></span><span><a href="https://im4change.in/hunger-hdi/pds-ration-food-security-42.html?pgno=13" class="articlepagination">13</a></span><span><a href="https://im4change.in/hunger-hdi/pds-ration-food-security-42.html?pgno=14" class="articlepagination">14</a></span><span><a href="https://im4change.in/hunger-hdi/pds-ration-food-security-42.html?pgno=10" class="articlepagination">next »</a></span> </div> </div> </td> </tr> </table> </div> </div> </div> <div class="clear"></div> <div class="clear"></div> <div class="comment-respond" id="respond"> <a name="commentbox"> </a> <h3 class="comment-reply-title" id="reply-title">Write Comments</h3> <form method="post" accept-charset="utf-8" role="form" action="/hunger-hdi/pds-ration-food-security-42.html?pgno=9"><div style="display:none;"><input type="hidden" name="_method" value="POST"/></div> <form class="comment-form" id="commentform" method="post" action="#commentbox" onSubmit="return validate()" name="cmtform"> <input type="hidden" name="cmttype" value="articlecmt"/> <input type="hidden" name="article_id" value="14"/> <p class="comment-notes">Your email address will not be published. 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href="https://im4change.in/hunger-hdi/pds-ration-food-security-42/print" rel="nofollow"> <img src="https://im4change.in/images/icon-print.png?1582080630" border="0" width="24" align="right" alt="Share this article"/> </a> </section> <div class="clear"></div> <div style="padding-top: 10px;"> <div class="innerLineHeight"> <div class="middleContent innerInput hunger-hdi"> <table> <tr> <td> <div class="rightSideContent" style="float: right; width: 300px; margin-left: 10px;"> <div class="box warning" style="padding: 12px;"> <div class="box-inner-block" style="padding-left: 0px;"> <div class="starlist"> <h2 style="font-weight: bold; font-size: 13px;">What's Inside</h2> <ul class="whatsinside"> <li> <a href="https://im4change.in/hunger-hdi/pds-ration-food-security-42.html?pgno=2#take-home-ration-good-practices-across-the-statesuts-published-in-2022">Take Home Ration: Good Practices across the States/UTs (published in 2022)</a> </li> <li> <a href="https://im4change.in/hunger-hdi/pds-ration-food-security-42.html?pgno=2#state-ranking-index-for-nfsa-1st-edition-released-on-july-5-2022">State Ranking Index for NFSA - 1st edition (released on July 5, 2022)</a> </li> <li> <a href="https://im4change.in/hunger-hdi/pds-ration-food-security-42.html?pgno=3#fulfilling-the-promise-of-one-nation-one-ration-card-a-frontline-perspective-from-5-indian-states-released-in-april-2022">Fulfilling the promise of One Nation One Ration Card: A frontline perspective from 5 Indian states (released in April, 2022)</a> </li> <li> <a href="https://im4change.in/hunger-hdi/pds-ration-food-security-42.html?pgno=4#details-of-second-tranche-announced-by-union-finance-corporate-affairs-minister-smt-nirmala-sitharamannbspdated-14th-may-2020-under-aatmanirbhar-bharat-abhiyaan">Details of Second Tranche announced by Union Finance & Corporate Affairs Minister Smt. Nirmala Sitharaman (dated 14th May, 2020) under Aatmanirbhar Bharat Abhiyaan</a> </li> <li> <a href="https://im4change.in/hunger-hdi/pds-ration-food-security-42.html?pgno=4#details-of-the-relief-package-of-rs-1-70-lakh-crore-under-pradhan-mantri-garib-kalyan-yojana-dated-26th-march-2020">Details of the Relief Package of Rs 1.70 Lakh Crore under Pradhan Mantri Garib Kalyan Yojana (dated 26th March, 2020)</a> </li> <li> <a href="https://im4change.in/hunger-hdi/pds-ration-food-security-42.html?pgno=4#economic-survey-2015-16">Economic Survey 2015-16</a> </li> <li> <a href="https://im4change.in/hunger-hdi/pds-ration-food-security-42.html?pgno=5#nss-68th-round-report-pds-and-other-sources-of-household-consumption-2011-12-released-in-june-2015">NSS 68th Round report: PDS and Other Sources of Household Consumption, 2011-12 (released in June 2015)</a> </li> <li> <a href="https://im4change.in/hunger-hdi/pds-ration-food-security-42.html?pgno=6#recommendations-of-high-level-committee-on-restructuring-of-fci">Recommendations of High Level Committee on restructuring of FCI</a> </li> <li> <a href="https://im4change.in/hunger-hdi/pds-ration-food-security-42.html?pgno=7#nss-report-household-consumption-of-various-goods-and-services-in-india-released-in-2014">NSS Report: Household Consumption of Various Goods and Services in India (released in 2014)</a> </li> <li> <a href="https://im4change.in/hunger-hdi/pds-ration-food-security-42.html?pgno=8#report-of-the-comptroller-and-auditor-general-of-india-on-performance-audit-of-storage-management-and-movement-of-food-grains-in-food-corporation-of-india">Report of the Comptroller and Auditor General of India on Performance Audit of Storage Management and Movement of Food Grains in Food Corporation of India</a> </li> </ul> <div><a href="javascript:void(0)" id="morewhatsinsidelink" onClick="javascript:$('#morewhatsinside').show();$('#morewhatsinsidelink').hide();$('#lesswhatsinsidelink').show();">More</a></div> <ul class="whatsinside" id="morewhatsinside" style="display:none"> <li> <a href="https://im4change.in/hunger-hdi/pds-ration-food-security-42.html?pgno=9#nss-66th-round-report-titled-public-distribution-system-and-other-sources-of-household-consumption-july-2009-june-2010">NSS 66th Round Report titled: Public Distribution System and Other Sources of Household Consumption (July 2009-June 2010)</a> </li> <li> <a href="https://im4change.in/hunger-hdi/pds-ration-food-security-42.html?pgno=10#chhattisgarh-food-security-act">Chhattisgarh Food Security Act</a> </li> <li> <a href="https://im4change.in/hunger-hdi/pds-ration-food-security-42.html?pgno=11#public-distribution-system-in-delhi-grievance-redressal-and-suo-moto-proactive-disclosure-of-information-by-pds-outlets-and-circle-offices">Public Distribution System in Delhi-Grievance Redressal and suo moto (proactive) disclosure of information by PDS outlets and circle offices</a> </li> <li> <a href="https://im4change.in/hunger-hdi/pds-ration-food-security-42.html?pgno=12#survey-on-preference-between-pds-and-cash-transfers-in-delhi">Survey on Preference between PDS and Cash Transfers in Delhi</a> </li> <li> <a href="https://im4change.in/hunger-hdi/pds-ration-food-security-42.html?pgno=13#how-can-food-subsidies-work-better-answers-from-india-and-the-philippines">How Can Food Subsidies Work Better? Answers from India and the Philippines</a> </li> <li> <a href="https://im4change.in/hunger-hdi/pds-ration-food-security-42.html?pgno=13#social-protection-for-a-changing-india">Social Protection for a Changing India</a> </li> <li> <a href="https://im4change.in/hunger-hdi/pds-ration-food-security-42.html?pgno=14#public-distribution-system-pds-and-other-sources-of-household-consumption-2004-05">Public Distribution System (PDS) and Other Sources of Household Consumption, 2004-05</a> </li> <li> <a href="https://im4change.in/hunger-hdi/pds-ration-food-security-42.html?pgno=14#11th-five-year-plan">11th Five Year Plan</a> </li> </ul> <div><a style="display:none" href="javascript:void(0)" id="lesswhatsinsidelink" onClick="javascript:$('#morewhatsinside').hide();$('#morewhatsinsidelink').show();$('#lesswhatsinsidelink').hide();">Less</a></div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div> </p><p style="text-align:justify">The NSS 66th Round Report titled: Public Distribution System and Other Sources of Household Consumption is based on information collected during 2009-10 from 100794 households in 7428 villages and 5263 urban blocks spread over the entire country.<br /><br />According to the <a name="nss-66th-round-report-titled-public-distribution-system-and-other-sources-of-household-consumption-july-2009-june-2010">NSS 66th Round Report titled: Public Distribution System and Other Sources of Household Consumption (July 2009-June 2010)</a>, MoSPI<br /><a href="http://mospi.nic.in/Mospi_New/upload/nss_report_545.pdf" title="http://mospi.nic.in/Mospi_New/upload/nss_report_545.pdf">http://mospi.nic.in/Mospi_New/upload/nss_report_545.pdf</a>: <br /><br /><strong>TRENDS IN SHARE OF PDS IN CONSUMPTION OF SPECIFIC ITEMS</strong><br /><br />• The contribution of PDS purchases to total consumption in 2009-10 shows a considerable rise compared to 2004-05, particularly for rice and wheat/atta.<br /><br />• The share of PDS purchase in rice consumption in 2009-10 was about 23.5% in the rural sector (1.41 kg out of 6.00 kg per person) and about 18% in the urban (0.81 kg out of 4.52 kg per person). In 2004-05, the PDS share in rice consumption had been about 13% in the rural sector and 11% in the urban.<br /><br />• The share of PDS in wheat/atta consumption in 2009-10 was about 14.6% (0.62 kg out of 4.25 kg per person) in the rural sector, double what it was in 2004-05 (7.3%), and about 9% in the urban sector, compared to only 3.8% in 2004-05.<br /><br />• PDS purchase accounted for 14.7% of consumption of sugar in 2009-10 compared to 9.6% in 2004-05 in the rural sector. The corresponding percentages for the urban sector were 10.3 and 6.6, respectively.<br /><br />• For kerosene, the contribution of PDS purchase in 2009-10 was 86.3% in the rural and 63.6% in the urban sector, higher than the 2004-05 percentages by about 9 and 7 percentage points respectively.<br /><br /><strong>RISE IN INCIDENCE OF PURCHASE FROM PDS BETWEEN 2004-05 AND 2009-10</strong><br /><br />• The percentage of households reporting consumption of rice from PDS during a 30-day period rose sharply from 24.4% to 39% in rural India and from 13% to 20.5% in urban India between 2004-05 and 2009-10.<br /><br />• The increase in the percentage of households reporting consumption from PDS was even sharper for wheat/atta: from 11% to 27.6% in rural India and from 5.8% to 17.6% in urban India.<br /><br />• For sugar too, there was a sharp rise in the percentage of reporting households from under 16% to nearly 28% in rural India and from 11.5% to 18.7% in urban India.<br /><br />• For kerosene, whereas for rural India the percentage of households reporting consumption from PDS increased by 9 percentage points from 73% to 82% between 2004-05 and 2009-10, the corresponding percentage for urban India remained unchanged at 33%. Only 18% of rural households and 15% of urban households reported consumption of kerosene from other sources.<br /><br /><strong>RICE: UTILISATION OF PDS ACROSS STATES</strong><br /><br />• The major States with relatively high incidence of PDS purchase of rice in the rural sector were Tamil Nadu (91% households), Andhra Pradesh (84%), Karnataka (75%), and Chhattisgarh (67%), followed by Kerala and Odisha (51-54%), and Maharashtra (47%).<br /><br />• In the urban sector, Tamil Nadu (67% households) again had the highest proportion of households reporting purchase during a 30-day period, followed by Andhra Pradesh and Kerala (about 43%), Chhattisgarh (35%) and Karnataka (25%).<br /><br />• In quite a few States where rice is the main cereal item, very low proportions of households reported PDS purchase of rice. Examples are Bihar (rural: 12%, urban: 4%), West Bengal (rural: 26%, urban: 7%), and Jharkhand (rural: 26%, urban: 9%).<br /><br />• The contribution of PDS purchases to total rice consumption was highest in Tamil Nadu (rural: 53%, urban: 41%), followed by Karnataka (rural: 45%, urban: 18%), Chhattisgarh (rural: 41%, urban: 26%), Maharashtra (rural: 34%, urban: 7.5%), Andhra Pradesh (rural: 33%, urban: 21%), and Kerala (rural: 28%, urban: 24%).<br /><br />• Among States where rice is the main cereal item, the share of PDS purchases in consumption was low in Bihar (rural: 5%, urban: 2%), West Bengal (rural: 6%, urban: 3%), Assam (rural: 11%, urban: 5%), and Jharkhand (rural: 14%, urban: 7%).<br /><br />• In Tamil Nadu, the ratio of unit values (unit cost of rice from non-PDS sources to PDS unit cost) was 19.7 in the rural sector and 25.6 in the urban sector. In Kerala and rural Maharashtra, participation in PDS was high though the cost advantage of PDS was not very great. In West Bengal, on the other hand, the share of PDS in quantity of rice consumed was very low although the cost advantage of PDS was above average.<br /><br /><strong>WHEAT/ ATTA: UTILISATION OF PDS ACROSS STATES</strong><br /><br />• For the rural sector, among the major States for which wheat is the major item of cereal consumption, Madhya Pradesh had the highest incidence of consumption of PDS wheat/atta (46% households), followed by Maharashtra (44%) and Gujarat (35%). For Karnataka and Tamil Nadu, for which rice is the major cereal item, the corresponding incidences of consumption of PDS wheat/atta were 69% and 57%, respectively.<br /><br />• In the urban sector, Tamil Nadu had the highest incidence of consumption of PDS wheat/atta (51% households), followed by Kerala (29%), Chhattisgarh (25%), Madhya Pradesh (24%) and then Karnataka (23%).<br /><br />• The proportion of households reporting PDS purchase of wheat/atta was quite low for the urban sector of Haryana (9%), Punjab (10%) and Rajasthan (12%), where wheat is the main item of cereal consumption. The proportion was also quite low for urban Bihar (5%), for which wheat forms a large part of total cereal consumption. The corresponding incidences for the rural sector of these States were also below the all-India average.<br /><br />• The share of PDS purchases of wheat/atta in consumption was largest for Tamil Nadu (rural: 86%, urban: 65%). This share was also large for Karnataka, West Bengal, Kerala and Chhattisgarh, all States for which rice and not wheat is the main cereal item.<br /><br />• Among States for which wheat is an important cereal item, PDS share in consumption was relatively high in Maharashtra (rural: 33%, urban: 9%) and Madhya Pradesh (rural: 22%, urban: 13%), but elsewhere, below the all-India average of 14.6% for the rural sector and 9% for the urban sector. It was noticeably low in Bihar (rural: 5%, urban: 2%), rural Uttar Pradesh (7%), urban Gujarat (5%), and urban Rajasthan (6%).<br /><br />• The ratio of unit cost of wheat/atta obtained from other sources to unit cost of wheat/ atta obtained through PDS varied from 1.7 in Assam to 7 in urban Odisha. Tamil Nadu and rural Chhattisgarh, with a large share of PDS in wheat/atta consumption, showed a strong cost advantage for PDS. But there were a number of States where high or low incidence of PDS purchase was not in tune with the cost advantage of PDS.<br /><br /><strong>SUGAR: UTILISATION OF PDS ACROSS STATES</strong><br /><br />• The proportion of households reporting consumption of PDS sugar was highest in Tamil Nadu (rural: 86%, urban: 78%), followed by Andhra Pradesh (rural: 57%, urban: 32%), Chhattisgarh (rural: 54%, urban: 31%), Assam (rural: 53%, urban: 27%) and rural Karnataka (47%).<br /><br />• The incidence of PDS purchase was very low in both rural and urban areas of Punjab, Bihar and Rajasthan, and in urban Jharkhand (0-2% households), and also in both rural and urban Haryana, rural Jharkhand and urban areas of Uttar Pradesh, Gujarat and West Bengal (3-6%).<br /><br />• Among the major States, by far the largest share of PDS purchases in consumption was seen in Tamil Nadu (rural: 73%, urban: 63%). This was followed by Assam (rural: 53%, urban: 31%), Chhattisgarh (rural: 29%, urban: 11%), and Andhra Pradesh (rural: 24.5%, urban: 12%).<br /><br />• The share of PDS was as low as 0-2% in Punjab, Rajasthan, Bihar, Haryana, and urban areas of Jharkhand and Uttar Pradesh.<br /><br /><strong>KEROSENE: UTILISATION OF PDS ACROSS STATES</strong><br /><br />• In all major States except Punjab and Haryana, the proportion of households reporting consumption of kerosene from PDS purchase ranged from 72% to 94% in the rural sector and from 18% to 62% in the urban sector.<br /><br />• In urban India, use of kerosene from PDS was most widespread in West Bengal (61.5% households), Kerala (59%), Bihar (53%), and Uttar Pradesh (49%).<br /><br />• In the rural sector, the contribution of PDS purchases to total kerosene consumption was 80% or more in all but two major States: Jharkhand and Assam. 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The NSS 66th Round Report titled: Public Distribution System and Other Sources of Household Consumption is based on information collected during 2009-10 from 100794 households in 7428 villages and 5263 urban blocks spread over the entire country. |
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