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LATEST NEWS UPDATES | Balancing conflicting claims -C Rangarajan & DK Srivastava

Balancing conflicting claims -C Rangarajan & DK Srivastava

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published Published on May 19, 2018   modified Modified on May 19, 2018
-The Hindu

The 15th Finance Commission has to take a call on the degree of equalisation that’s feasible

In the context of the Terms of Reference (ToR) of the 15th Finance Commission (FFC), certain key aspects relate to (a) the mandate for using the 2011 population; (b) ‘whether revenue deficit grants’ be given at all; (c) the impact of the goods and services tax (GST) on the finances of the Centre and States; (d) the reference to ‘conditionalities’ on State borrowing; and (e) providing performance incentives in respect of some contentious indicators.

Shift from 1971 to 2011

The southern States apprehend that they stand to lose under the so-called ‘population criterion’ if the 2011 population replaces the use of 1971 figures. State populations change not only because of their differential population growth but also due to migration. Using 1971 population data implies consciously using information that would be 50 years out of date by 2020-21, the first year of the FFC’s recommendation period. Population data used by the successive Finance Commissions in different criteria have served as a ‘scaling’ factor — that is, the larger the size of the population, the larger is the magnitude of fiscal transfer. In principle, fiscal transfer is determined in per capita terms and then scaled up to cater to the entire population living in the State. In deriving the per capita GSDP (Gross State Domestic Product), it is always calculated using current rather than dated population, as is done in the ‘income distance’ criterion. Scaling per capita transfer up only to an imaginary size of population such as the 1971 population for years beyond 1971 was always an artificial exercise. No other major federation uses such a practice. Major federations like Canada and Australia with well-established fiscal transfer principles use all relevant information that is up-to-date as much as possible.

Losses or gains depend on the relative weights attached to different criteria, and changes in other information including per capital GSDP. There is a case under the present circumstances to have a relook and lower the weights attached particularly to the population and income-distance criteria. It is interesting to note that the weight attached to the population criterion has varied from 25% to 10% and that attached to the distance formula from 62.5% to 50% from the 10th to the 14th FCs.

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The Hindu, 19 May, 2018, http://www.thehindu.com/opinion/lead/balancing-conflicting-claims/article23930522.ece?homepage=true


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