Deprecated (16384): The ArrayAccess methods will be removed in 4.0.0.Use getParam(), getData() and getQuery() instead. - /home/brlfuser/public_html/src/Controller/ArtileDetailController.php, line: 150
 You can disable deprecation warnings by setting `Error.errorLevel` to `E_ALL & ~E_USER_DEPRECATED` in your config/app.php. [CORE/src/Core/functions.php, line 311]
Code Context


        trigger_error($message, E_USER_DEPRECATED);

    }
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 You can disable deprecation warnings by setting `Error.errorLevel` to `E_ALL & ~E_USER_DEPRECATED` in your config/app.php.'
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deprecationWarning - CORE/src/Core/functions.php, line 311
Cake\Http\ServerRequest::offsetGet() - CORE/src/Http/ServerRequest.php, line 2421
App\Controller\ArtileDetailController::index() - APP/Controller/ArtileDetailController.php, line 150
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Cake\Http\ActionDispatcher::_invoke() - CORE/src/Http/ActionDispatcher.php, line 120
Cake\Http\ActionDispatcher::dispatch() - CORE/src/Http/ActionDispatcher.php, line 94
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Cake\Http\Runner::__invoke() - CORE/src/Http/Runner.php, line 65
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Cake\Http\Runner::__invoke() - CORE/src/Http/Runner.php, line 65
Cake\Http\Runner::run() - CORE/src/Http/Runner.php, line 51
Cake\Http\Server::run() - CORE/src/Http/Server.php, line 98

Deprecated (16384): The ArrayAccess methods will be removed in 4.0.0.Use getParam(), getData() and getQuery() instead. - /home/brlfuser/public_html/src/Controller/ArtileDetailController.php, line: 151
 You can disable deprecation warnings by setting `Error.errorLevel` to `E_ALL & ~E_USER_DEPRECATED` in your config/app.php. [CORE/src/Core/functions.php, line 311]
Code Context


        trigger_error($message, E_USER_DEPRECATED);

    }
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 You can disable deprecation warnings by setting `Error.errorLevel` to `E_ALL & ~E_USER_DEPRECATED` in your config/app.php.'
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deprecationWarning - CORE/src/Core/functions.php, line 311
Cake\Http\ServerRequest::offsetGet() - CORE/src/Http/ServerRequest.php, line 2421
App\Controller\ArtileDetailController::index() - APP/Controller/ArtileDetailController.php, line 151
Cake\Controller\Controller::invokeAction() - CORE/src/Controller/Controller.php, line 610
Cake\Http\ActionDispatcher::_invoke() - CORE/src/Http/ActionDispatcher.php, line 120
Cake\Http\ActionDispatcher::dispatch() - CORE/src/Http/ActionDispatcher.php, line 94
Cake\Http\BaseApplication::__invoke() - CORE/src/Http/BaseApplication.php, line 235
Cake\Http\Runner::__invoke() - CORE/src/Http/Runner.php, line 65
Cake\Routing\Middleware\RoutingMiddleware::__invoke() - CORE/src/Routing/Middleware/RoutingMiddleware.php, line 162
Cake\Http\Runner::__invoke() - CORE/src/Http/Runner.php, line 65
Cake\Routing\Middleware\AssetMiddleware::__invoke() - CORE/src/Routing/Middleware/AssetMiddleware.php, line 97
Cake\Http\Runner::__invoke() - CORE/src/Http/Runner.php, line 65
Cake\Error\Middleware\ErrorHandlerMiddleware::__invoke() - CORE/src/Error/Middleware/ErrorHandlerMiddleware.php, line 96
Cake\Http\Runner::__invoke() - CORE/src/Http/Runner.php, line 65
Cake\Http\Runner::run() - CORE/src/Http/Runner.php, line 51
Cake\Http\Server::run() - CORE/src/Http/Server.php, line 98

Warning (512): Unable to emit headers. Headers sent in file=/home/brlfuser/public_html/vendor/cakephp/cakephp/src/Error/Debugger.php line=853 [CORE/src/Http/ResponseEmitter.php, line 48]
Code Context
            if (Configure::read('debug')) {

                trigger_error($message, E_USER_WARNING);

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    <h1 class="cat-box-title">How India's Financial Inclusion Infrastructure Failed During the Pandemic -Isabelle Guérin, Nithya Joseph and G Venkatasubramanian</h1>
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		 Published on</span><span class="text-date"> Jun 23, 2021</span>
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                            <p style="text-align:justify">-TheWire.in</p><p style="text-align:justify"><em>Despite the fact that India&#39;s financial inclusion infrastructure has a complex mix of self-help groups and small private banks offering credit to the poor, it has failed to deliver during the pandemic.</em></p><p style="text-align:justify">When the pandemic struck, policymakers and prominent economists across the world called for financial infrastructures to be strengthened. They argued this would support the efficient channeling of relief through cash transfers or cheap loans. India was no exception to the optimistic discourse. Proposed relief for the poor relied heavily on financial inclusion infrastructure, coming in the form of targeted transfers to bank accounts, increased credit to women&rsquo;s savings groups, and moratoria on micro-loans.</p><p style="text-align:justify">However, having studied household financial practices and debt in rural India over many years, we had serious doubts. One year into the pandemic, it is clear that our fears were well-founded. In India, financial inclusion infrastructures have proven to be a tool for revenue capture rather than distribution.</p><p style="text-align:justify"><em>Financial inclusion in India: From self-help groups to global finance &nbsp;</em></p><p style="text-align:justify">Financial inclusion is considered &ldquo;a key enabler to reducing poverty and boosting prosperity&rdquo; by the World Bank. The idea of financial inclusion started out with microcredit. Its founding promise was to end poverty by empowering the poor to start small businesses. This grew to a broader promise: to offer everyone, regardless of income, a set of banking services and to enable the poor to &ldquo;make the best use of their money&rdquo;. Further, it is purported to strengthen their citizenship through the effective delivery of cash transfers.</p><p style="text-align:justify">In India, civil society organisations first created microcredit programmes in the 1980s, and for-profit global institutions entered by the early 2000s. Today, India probably offers the most ambitious financial inclusion infrastructure in the world, with a complex mix of self-help groups (SHGs) and small private banks that offer credit to the poor, and a variety of public programmes.</p><p style="text-align:justify">In 2020, India&rsquo;s microcredit portfolio was estimated at Rs 1.08 lakh crore, 80% of which was held by for-profit entities. The number of adults with a bank account almost doubled over a few years to include more than four-fifths of the population.</p><p style="text-align:justify">Please <a href="https://thewire.in/rights/how-indias-financial-inclusion-infrastructure-failed-during-the-pandemic" title="https://thewire.in/rights/how-indias-financial-inclusion-infrastructure-failed-during-the-pandemic">click here</a> to read more.</p>                                                           
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    <br><a href="https://thewire.in/rights/how-indias-financial-inclusion-infrastructure-failed-during-the-pandemic" class="re" target="_blank">TheWire.in, 23 June, 2021, https://thewire.in/rights/how-indias-financial-inclusion-infrastructure-failed-during-the-pandemic</a><div class="clear"></div>
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    <h1 class="cat-box-title">How India's Financial Inclusion Infrastructure Failed During the Pandemic -Isabelle Guérin, Nithya Joseph and G Venkatasubramanian</h1>
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                            <p style="text-align:justify">-TheWire.in</p><p style="text-align:justify"><em>Despite the fact that India&#39;s financial inclusion infrastructure has a complex mix of self-help groups and small private banks offering credit to the poor, it has failed to deliver during the pandemic.</em></p><p style="text-align:justify">When the pandemic struck, policymakers and prominent economists across the world called for financial infrastructures to be strengthened. They argued this would support the efficient channeling of relief through cash transfers or cheap loans. India was no exception to the optimistic discourse. Proposed relief for the poor relied heavily on financial inclusion infrastructure, coming in the form of targeted transfers to bank accounts, increased credit to women&rsquo;s savings groups, and moratoria on micro-loans.</p><p style="text-align:justify">However, having studied household financial practices and debt in rural India over many years, we had serious doubts. One year into the pandemic, it is clear that our fears were well-founded. In India, financial inclusion infrastructures have proven to be a tool for revenue capture rather than distribution.</p><p style="text-align:justify"><em>Financial inclusion in India: From self-help groups to global finance &nbsp;</em></p><p style="text-align:justify">Financial inclusion is considered &ldquo;a key enabler to reducing poverty and boosting prosperity&rdquo; by the World Bank. The idea of financial inclusion started out with microcredit. Its founding promise was to end poverty by empowering the poor to start small businesses. This grew to a broader promise: to offer everyone, regardless of income, a set of banking services and to enable the poor to &ldquo;make the best use of their money&rdquo;. Further, it is purported to strengthen their citizenship through the effective delivery of cash transfers.</p><p style="text-align:justify">In India, civil society organisations first created microcredit programmes in the 1980s, and for-profit global institutions entered by the early 2000s. Today, India probably offers the most ambitious financial inclusion infrastructure in the world, with a complex mix of self-help groups (SHGs) and small private banks that offer credit to the poor, and a variety of public programmes.</p><p style="text-align:justify">In 2020, India&rsquo;s microcredit portfolio was estimated at Rs 1.08 lakh crore, 80% of which was held by for-profit entities. The number of adults with a bank account almost doubled over a few years to include more than four-fifths of the population.</p><p style="text-align:justify">Please <a href="https://thewire.in/rights/how-indias-financial-inclusion-infrastructure-failed-during-the-pandemic" title="https://thewire.in/rights/how-indias-financial-inclusion-infrastructure-failed-during-the-pandemic">click here</a> to read more.</p>                                                           
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    <br><a href="https://thewire.in/rights/how-indias-financial-inclusion-infrastructure-failed-during-the-pandemic" class="re" target="_blank">TheWire.in, 23 June, 2021, https://thewire.in/rights/how-indias-financial-inclusion-infrastructure-failed-during-the-pandemic</a><div class="clear"></div>
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                            <p style="text-align:justify">-TheWire.in</p><p style="text-align:justify"><em>Despite the fact that India&#39;s financial inclusion infrastructure has a complex mix of self-help groups and small private banks offering credit to the poor, it has failed to deliver during the pandemic.</em></p><p style="text-align:justify">When the pandemic struck, policymakers and prominent economists across the world called for financial infrastructures to be strengthened. They argued this would support the efficient channeling of relief through cash transfers or cheap loans. India was no exception to the optimistic discourse. Proposed relief for the poor relied heavily on financial inclusion infrastructure, coming in the form of targeted transfers to bank accounts, increased credit to women&rsquo;s savings groups, and moratoria on micro-loans.</p><p style="text-align:justify">However, having studied household financial practices and debt in rural India over many years, we had serious doubts. One year into the pandemic, it is clear that our fears were well-founded. In India, financial inclusion infrastructures have proven to be a tool for revenue capture rather than distribution.</p><p style="text-align:justify"><em>Financial inclusion in India: From self-help groups to global finance &nbsp;</em></p><p style="text-align:justify">Financial inclusion is considered &ldquo;a key enabler to reducing poverty and boosting prosperity&rdquo; by the World Bank. The idea of financial inclusion started out with microcredit. Its founding promise was to end poverty by empowering the poor to start small businesses. This grew to a broader promise: to offer everyone, regardless of income, a set of banking services and to enable the poor to &ldquo;make the best use of their money&rdquo;. Further, it is purported to strengthen their citizenship through the effective delivery of cash transfers.</p><p style="text-align:justify">In India, civil society organisations first created microcredit programmes in the 1980s, and for-profit global institutions entered by the early 2000s. Today, India probably offers the most ambitious financial inclusion infrastructure in the world, with a complex mix of self-help groups (SHGs) and small private banks that offer credit to the poor, and a variety of public programmes.</p><p style="text-align:justify">In 2020, India&rsquo;s microcredit portfolio was estimated at Rs 1.08 lakh crore, 80% of which was held by for-profit entities. The number of adults with a bank account almost doubled over a few years to include more than four-fifths of the population.</p><p style="text-align:justify">Please <a href="https://thewire.in/rights/how-indias-financial-inclusion-infrastructure-failed-during-the-pandemic" title="https://thewire.in/rights/how-indias-financial-inclusion-infrastructure-failed-during-the-pandemic">click here</a> to read more.</p>                                                           
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    <br><a href="https://thewire.in/rights/how-indias-financial-inclusion-infrastructure-failed-during-the-pandemic" class="re" target="_blank">TheWire.in, 23 June, 2021, https://thewire.in/rights/how-indias-financial-inclusion-infrastructure-failed-during-the-pandemic</a><div class="clear"></div>
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How India's Financial Inclusion Infrastructure Failed During the Pandemic -Isabelle Guérin, Nithya Joseph and G Venkatasubramanian

Published on Jun 23, 2021   Modified on Jun 25, 2021

-TheWire.in Despite the fact that India's financial inclusion infrastructure has a complex mix of self-help groups and small private banks offering credit to the poor, it has failed to deliver during the pandemic. When the pandemic struck, policymakers and prominent economists across the world called for financial infrastructures to be strengthened. They argued this would support the efficient channeling of relief through cash transfers or cheap loans. India was no exception to the optimistic discourse. Proposed relief for the poor relied heavily on financial inclusion infrastructure, coming in the form of targeted transfers to bank accounts, increased credit to women’s savings groups, and moratoria on micro-loans. However, having studied household financial practices and debt in rural India over many years, we had serious doubts. One year into the pandemic, it is clear that our fears were well-founded. In India, financial inclusion infrastructures have proven to be a tool for revenue capture rather than distribution. Financial inclusion in India: From self-help groups to global finance   Financial inclusion is considered “a key enabler to reducing poverty and boosting prosperity” by the World Bank. The idea of financial inclusion started out with microcredit. Its founding promise was to end poverty by empowering the poor to start small businesses. This grew to a broader promise: to offer everyone, regardless of income, a set of banking services and to enable the poor to “make the best use of their money”. Further, it is purported to strengthen their citizenship through the effective delivery of cash transfers. In India, civil society organisations first created microcredit programmes in the 1980s, and for-profit global institutions entered by the early 2000s. Today, India probably offers the most ambitious financial inclusion infrastructure in the world, with a complex mix of self-help groups (SHGs) and small private banks that offer credit to the poor, and a variety of public programmes. In 2020, India’s microcredit portfolio was estimated at Rs 1.08 lakh crore, 80% of which was held by for-profit entities. The number of adults with a bank account almost doubled over a few years to include more than four-fifths of the population. Please click here to read more.

TheWire.in, 23 June, 2021, https://thewire.in/rights/how-indias-financial-inclusion-infrastructure-failed-during-the-pandemic

Tagged with: Jan Dhan-Aadhar-Mobile JAM Cash Transfer Financial inclusion PMJDY Pradhan Mantri Kisan Samman Nidhi PM-Kisan Microfinance

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