Deprecated (16384): The ArrayAccess methods will be removed in 4.0.0.Use getParam(), getData() and getQuery() instead. - /home/brlfuser/public_html/src/Controller/ArtileDetailController.php, line: 150
 You can disable deprecation warnings by setting `Error.errorLevel` to `E_ALL & ~E_USER_DEPRECATED` in your config/app.php. [CORE/src/Core/functions.php, line 311]
Code Context


        trigger_error($message, E_USER_DEPRECATED);

    }
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 You can disable deprecation warnings by setting `Error.errorLevel` to `E_ALL & ~E_USER_DEPRECATED` in your config/app.php.'
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deprecationWarning - CORE/src/Core/functions.php, line 311
Cake\Http\ServerRequest::offsetGet() - CORE/src/Http/ServerRequest.php, line 2421
App\Controller\ArtileDetailController::index() - APP/Controller/ArtileDetailController.php, line 150
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Cake\Http\ActionDispatcher::_invoke() - CORE/src/Http/ActionDispatcher.php, line 120
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Cake\Http\BaseApplication::__invoke() - CORE/src/Http/BaseApplication.php, line 235
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Cake\Http\Runner::__invoke() - CORE/src/Http/Runner.php, line 65
Cake\Error\Middleware\ErrorHandlerMiddleware::__invoke() - CORE/src/Error/Middleware/ErrorHandlerMiddleware.php, line 96
Cake\Http\Runner::__invoke() - CORE/src/Http/Runner.php, line 65
Cake\Http\Runner::run() - CORE/src/Http/Runner.php, line 51
Cake\Http\Server::run() - CORE/src/Http/Server.php, line 98

Deprecated (16384): The ArrayAccess methods will be removed in 4.0.0.Use getParam(), getData() and getQuery() instead. - /home/brlfuser/public_html/src/Controller/ArtileDetailController.php, line: 151
 You can disable deprecation warnings by setting `Error.errorLevel` to `E_ALL & ~E_USER_DEPRECATED` in your config/app.php. [CORE/src/Core/functions.php, line 311]
Code Context


        trigger_error($message, E_USER_DEPRECATED);

    }
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 You can disable deprecation warnings by setting `Error.errorLevel` to `E_ALL & ~E_USER_DEPRECATED` in your config/app.php.'
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deprecationWarning - CORE/src/Core/functions.php, line 311
Cake\Http\ServerRequest::offsetGet() - CORE/src/Http/ServerRequest.php, line 2421
App\Controller\ArtileDetailController::index() - APP/Controller/ArtileDetailController.php, line 151
Cake\Controller\Controller::invokeAction() - CORE/src/Controller/Controller.php, line 610
Cake\Http\ActionDispatcher::_invoke() - CORE/src/Http/ActionDispatcher.php, line 120
Cake\Http\ActionDispatcher::dispatch() - CORE/src/Http/ActionDispatcher.php, line 94
Cake\Http\BaseApplication::__invoke() - CORE/src/Http/BaseApplication.php, line 235
Cake\Http\Runner::__invoke() - CORE/src/Http/Runner.php, line 65
Cake\Routing\Middleware\RoutingMiddleware::__invoke() - CORE/src/Routing/Middleware/RoutingMiddleware.php, line 162
Cake\Http\Runner::__invoke() - CORE/src/Http/Runner.php, line 65
Cake\Routing\Middleware\AssetMiddleware::__invoke() - CORE/src/Routing/Middleware/AssetMiddleware.php, line 97
Cake\Http\Runner::__invoke() - CORE/src/Http/Runner.php, line 65
Cake\Error\Middleware\ErrorHandlerMiddleware::__invoke() - CORE/src/Error/Middleware/ErrorHandlerMiddleware.php, line 96
Cake\Http\Runner::__invoke() - CORE/src/Http/Runner.php, line 65
Cake\Http\Runner::run() - CORE/src/Http/Runner.php, line 51
Cake\Http\Server::run() - CORE/src/Http/Server.php, line 98

Warning (512): Unable to emit headers. Headers sent in file=/home/brlfuser/public_html/vendor/cakephp/cakephp/src/Error/Debugger.php line=853 [CORE/src/Http/ResponseEmitter.php, line 48]
Code Context
            if (Configure::read('debug')) {

                trigger_error($message, E_USER_WARNING);

            } else {
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        LATEST NEWS UPDATES | Results of a survey in 4 states reveals how MGNREGA protected the poor from income shocks during the pandemic     </title>
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New Delhi &amp; Bangalore, October 13: &nbsp;About 39 percent of all jobcard-holding households interested in working under the Mahatma Gandhi National Rural Employment Guarantee Act 2005 did not get a single..."/>
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New Delhi &amp; Bangalore, October 13: &nbsp;About 39 percent of all jobcard-holding households interested in working under the Mahatma Gandhi National Rural Employment Guarantee Act 2005 did not get a single..." />
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    <h1 class="cat-box-title">Results of a survey in 4 states reveals how MGNREGA protected the poor from income shocks during the pandemic </h1>
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                            <p style="text-align:justify">-Press release by Azim Premji University dated October 13, 2022</p><p style="text-align:justify"><em>New Delhi &amp; Bangalore, October 13: &nbsp;</em>About 39 percent of all jobcard-holding households interested in working under the Mahatma Gandhi National Rural Employment Guarantee Act 2005 did not get a single day of work in the Covid year of 2020-21. Also, on average, only 36 per cent of households that worked received their wages in 15 days, showed a <a href="https://im4change.org/upload/files/MGNREGA_Covid_Survey_Report_Final.pdf" title="https://im4change.org/upload/files/MGNREGA_Covid_Survey_Report_Final.pdf">survey</a> of 2000 households across eight blocks in four states conducted by Azim Premji University in partnership with the National Consortium of Civil Society Organisations on NREGA and Collaborative Research and Dissemination (CORD).</p><p style="text-align:justify">Despite these shortcomings, the study found that MGNREGA made a marked difference during the pandemic, protecting the most vulnerable households from significant loss of income. Increased earnings from MGNREGA were able to compensate for somewhere between 20 to 80 percent of income loss depending on the block.</p><p style="text-align:justify">The <a href="https://im4change.org/upload/files/MGNREGA_Covid_Survey_Report_Final.pdf" title="https://im4change.org/upload/files/MGNREGA_Covid_Survey_Report_Final.pdf">survey</a> was conducted in November-December 2021 in the following blocks: Phulparas (Madhubani) and Chhatapur (Supaul) in Bihar, Bidar (Bidar) and Devadurga (Raichur) in Karnataka, Khalwa (Khandwa) and Ghatigaon (Gwalior) in Madhya Pradesh, and Wardha (Wardha) and Surgana (Nashik) in Maharashtra. The sampling method of the study ensures that findings are representative of all job-card holding households in the block.&nbsp;</p><p style="text-align:justify">&ldquo;Our study shows how much the workers value the need and utility of MGNREGA. More than 8 out of 10 households recommended that MGNREGA should provide 100 days of employment per person per year. We also find a massive extent of underfunding. A conservative estimate yields that the allocations in the surveyed blocks should have been three times the amount that was actually allocated in the year after lockdown to fulfill the true extent of work demand,&ldquo; noted Rajendran Narayanan, co-author of the study and faculty member at Azim Premji University.</p><p style="text-align:justify">Ashwini Kulkarni of the NREGA Consortium said that &ldquo;One of the objectives of MGNREGA is as a social protection measure during distress times. Covid Pandemic, lockdown created unprecedented distress and MGNREGA, as expected, rose to the need and provided work for many more villages and many more households than in the preceding years. MGNREGA&rsquo;s role for reducing vulnerability has been reemphasized and continues to be of vital importance in post-pandemic times. We as Civil Society Organizations have the responsibility to convey voices of the people to the policy makers to fine tune the implementation process, this <a href="https://im4change.org/upload/files/MGNREGA_Covid_Survey_Report_Final.pdf" title="https://im4change.org/upload/files/MGNREGA_Covid_Survey_Report_Final.pdf">report</a> is an effort in this regard.&rdquo;</p><p style="text-align:justify">The key findings of this survey were released today in New Delhi. Please <a href="/upload/files/MGNREGA_Covid_Survey_Report_Final.pdf" title="/upload/files/MGNREGA_Covid_Survey_Report_Final.pdf">click here</a> to access the full report titled&nbsp;Employment Guarantee during Covid-19 -- Role of MGNREGA in the year after the 2020 lockdown: Survey findings from Bihar, Karnataka, Maharashtra and Madhya Pradesh, which has been prepared by Azim Premji University, National Consortium on MGNREGA and CORD.&nbsp;Kindly&nbsp;<a href="/upload/files/Executive%20Summary.pdf" title="/upload/files/Executive%20Summary.pdf">click here</a> to access the Executive Summary of the report.</p><p style="text-align:justify"><strong>Key findings</strong></p><p style="text-align:justify">&bull; Across all blocks, roughly 39 per cent of all the job card holding households interested in working in MGNREGA in the Covid year could not get a single day of work while they wanted 77 days of work on average.</p><p style="text-align:justify">&bull; Among households that found some work, the unmet demand (difference between number of days desired and number of days of work received) across all blocks was 64 days.</p><p style="text-align:justify">&bull; As per the MGNREGA Management Information System (MIS), the total amount spent on labour in the surveyed blocks in the Covid year (FY 2020-21) was 152.68 crores. As per our conservative estimate, to fulfil the true demand for work in these blocks, the allocated labour budget should have been  474.27 crores, i.e., more than 3 times the amount actually spent on wages.</p><p style="text-align:justify">&bull; The most frequently mentioned reason for not getting as much work as needed, across all blocks, was lack of adequate works being sanctioned/opened. On average, 63% of all job card holding households cited this reason in the surveyed blocks.</p><p style="text-align:justify">&bull; On average, only 36% of all households that worked in the Covid year got their wages within 15 days.</p><p style="text-align:justify">&bull; For households who found work in both the periods (pre-Covid and Covid), increased earnings from MGNREGA were able to compensate for somewhere between 20 to 80 percent of income loss depending on the block.</p><p style="text-align:justify">&bull; For households who had not worked in the pre-Covid year but did find work during the Covid year, we find that MGNREGA earnings compensated for anywhere between 20% and 100% of income lost from other sources.</p><p style="text-align:justify">&bull; More than 8 in 10 households recommended that MGNREGA should be 100 days per person per year and 3 out of 5 households said that MGNREGA contributed positively to overall development in their village.&nbsp;</p><p style="text-align:justify">&bull; Despite low wages and payment delays, MGNREGA clearly made a difference during the pandemic, insuring some of the most vulnerable households against income losses. But it fell quite a bit short of fully protecting households either because it did not meet their demand or completely excluded them from the programme.</p><p style="text-align:justify"><strong>Recommendations of the study</strong></p><p style="text-align:justify">&bull; Massive expansion of the programme is needed to deal with high work demand. Increase the number of administrative personnel by at least doubling the field functionaries. This is also likely to reduce corruption.</p><p style="text-align:justify">&bull; Increase the shelf and scope of permissible works and prioritise community works over individual asset creation to absorb more unmet demand.</p><p style="text-align:justify">&bull; Ensure that computerised receipts are given to workers for work demanded.</p><p style="text-align:justify">&bull; Update job cards with work done, wages earned etc. In addition to manual updating of information on job cards, equip each panchayat to a job card printing facility similar to passbook updation facilities in banks.</p><p style="text-align:justify">&bull; Ensure that wage slips with details of wages and work details are printed and provided to workers after Funds transfer orders are generated.</p><p style="text-align:justify">&bull; Ensure that delay compensation for wage payment delays is paid for the full extent of delay, i.e., till wages are credited to the workers&rsquo; accounts to be in compliance with the Act and Supreme Court orders.</p><p style="text-align:justify">&bull; Prominently display a &lsquo;Know Your Rights (KYR)&rsquo; concerning MGNREGA and banking rights in public places.</p><p style="text-align:justify">&bull; Ensure that the 7 registers are manually maintained in every Gram Panchayat (GP). This can help in keeping track of the parity between the workers&rsquo; experience and the information on the MIS.</p><p style="text-align:justify">&bull; Increase MGNREGA wage rates to at least the state minimum wages or 375 per day as recommended by the Anoop Satpathy Committee and index with CPI-R instead of CPI-AL.</p><p style="text-align:justify">&bull; Ensure that the GPs get funds in advance and have more authority in sanctioning works. This will ensure that the mandate of the 73rd constitutional amendment is honoured and work is available on demand.</p><p style="text-align:justify">&bull; Ensure that social audits are strengthened with timely and adequate funds. Bring every agency involved, including payment intermediaries like NCPI, banks, UIDAI etc within the ambit of social audits with clear penalty norms in case of violations.</p><p style="text-align:justify">For detailed findings and other information, please visit: <a href="https://cse.azimpremjiuniversity.edu.in/" title="https://cse.azimpremjiuniversity.edu.in/">https://cse.azimpremjiuniversity.edu.in/</a></p><p style="text-align:justify"><strong>For media queries, please contact:</strong></p><p style="text-align:justify">Amit Basole &ndash; <a href="http://amit.basole@apu.edu.in" title="http://amit.basole@apu.edu.in">amit.basole@apu.edu.in</a> &nbsp;| +91-96196 49958&nbsp;<br />Rajendran Narayanan &ndash; <a href="http://rajendran.narayanan@apu.edu.in" title="http://rajendran.narayanan@apu.edu.in">rajendran.narayanan@apu.edu.in</a> &nbsp;| +91-9620318492<br />Rashmi Prabhakar &ndash; <a href="http://rashmi.prabhakar@k2communications.in" title="http://rashmi.prabhakar@k2communications.in">rashmi.prabhakar@k2communications.in</a> &nbsp;| +91-9481934254</p><p style="text-align:justify"><strong>About Azim Premji University</strong></p><p style="text-align:justify">Azim Premji University was established under the Azim Premji University Act 2010 of the Government of Karnataka. Azim Premji Foundation, the sponsoring body set up the University as a fully philanthropic and not-for-profit entity, with a clear social purpose of contributing to the realization of a just, equitable, humane and sustainable society.<br />&nbsp;</p><p style="text-align:justify"><strong>Image Courtesy:&nbsp;Employment Guarantee during Covid-19 -- Role of MGNREGA in the year after the 2020 lockdown, please <a href="/upload/files/MGNREGA_Covid_Survey_Report_Final.pdf" title="/upload/files/MGNREGA_Covid_Survey_Report_Final.pdf">click here</a> to access</strong></p>                                                           
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                            <p style="text-align:justify">-Press release by Azim Premji University dated October 13, 2022</p><p style="text-align:justify"><em>New Delhi &amp; Bangalore, October 13: &nbsp;</em>About 39 percent of all jobcard-holding households interested in working under the Mahatma Gandhi National Rural Employment Guarantee Act 2005 did not get a single day of work in the Covid year of 2020-21. Also, on average, only 36 per cent of households that worked received their wages in 15 days, showed a <a href="https://im4change.org/upload/files/MGNREGA_Covid_Survey_Report_Final.pdf" title="https://im4change.org/upload/files/MGNREGA_Covid_Survey_Report_Final.pdf">survey</a> of 2000 households across eight blocks in four states conducted by Azim Premji University in partnership with the National Consortium of Civil Society Organisations on NREGA and Collaborative Research and Dissemination (CORD).</p><p style="text-align:justify">Despite these shortcomings, the study found that MGNREGA made a marked difference during the pandemic, protecting the most vulnerable households from significant loss of income. Increased earnings from MGNREGA were able to compensate for somewhere between 20 to 80 percent of income loss depending on the block.</p><p style="text-align:justify">The <a href="https://im4change.org/upload/files/MGNREGA_Covid_Survey_Report_Final.pdf" title="https://im4change.org/upload/files/MGNREGA_Covid_Survey_Report_Final.pdf">survey</a> was conducted in November-December 2021 in the following blocks: Phulparas (Madhubani) and Chhatapur (Supaul) in Bihar, Bidar (Bidar) and Devadurga (Raichur) in Karnataka, Khalwa (Khandwa) and Ghatigaon (Gwalior) in Madhya Pradesh, and Wardha (Wardha) and Surgana (Nashik) in Maharashtra. The sampling method of the study ensures that findings are representative of all job-card holding households in the block.&nbsp;</p><p style="text-align:justify">&ldquo;Our study shows how much the workers value the need and utility of MGNREGA. More than 8 out of 10 households recommended that MGNREGA should provide 100 days of employment per person per year. We also find a massive extent of underfunding. A conservative estimate yields that the allocations in the surveyed blocks should have been three times the amount that was actually allocated in the year after lockdown to fulfill the true extent of work demand,&ldquo; noted Rajendran Narayanan, co-author of the study and faculty member at Azim Premji University.</p><p style="text-align:justify">Ashwini Kulkarni of the NREGA Consortium said that &ldquo;One of the objectives of MGNREGA is as a social protection measure during distress times. Covid Pandemic, lockdown created unprecedented distress and MGNREGA, as expected, rose to the need and provided work for many more villages and many more households than in the preceding years. MGNREGA&rsquo;s role for reducing vulnerability has been reemphasized and continues to be of vital importance in post-pandemic times. We as Civil Society Organizations have the responsibility to convey voices of the people to the policy makers to fine tune the implementation process, this <a href="https://im4change.org/upload/files/MGNREGA_Covid_Survey_Report_Final.pdf" title="https://im4change.org/upload/files/MGNREGA_Covid_Survey_Report_Final.pdf">report</a> is an effort in this regard.&rdquo;</p><p style="text-align:justify">The key findings of this survey were released today in New Delhi. Please <a href="/upload/files/MGNREGA_Covid_Survey_Report_Final.pdf" title="/upload/files/MGNREGA_Covid_Survey_Report_Final.pdf">click here</a> to access the full report titled&nbsp;Employment Guarantee during Covid-19 -- Role of MGNREGA in the year after the 2020 lockdown: Survey findings from Bihar, Karnataka, Maharashtra and Madhya Pradesh, which has been prepared by Azim Premji University, National Consortium on MGNREGA and CORD.&nbsp;Kindly&nbsp;<a href="/upload/files/Executive%20Summary.pdf" title="/upload/files/Executive%20Summary.pdf">click here</a> to access the Executive Summary of the report.</p><p style="text-align:justify"><strong>Key findings</strong></p><p style="text-align:justify">&bull; Across all blocks, roughly 39 per cent of all the job card holding households interested in working in MGNREGA in the Covid year could not get a single day of work while they wanted 77 days of work on average.</p><p style="text-align:justify">&bull; Among households that found some work, the unmet demand (difference between number of days desired and number of days of work received) across all blocks was 64 days.</p><p style="text-align:justify">&bull; As per the MGNREGA Management Information System (MIS), the total amount spent on labour in the surveyed blocks in the Covid year (FY 2020-21) was 152.68 crores. As per our conservative estimate, to fulfil the true demand for work in these blocks, the allocated labour budget should have been  474.27 crores, i.e., more than 3 times the amount actually spent on wages.</p><p style="text-align:justify">&bull; The most frequently mentioned reason for not getting as much work as needed, across all blocks, was lack of adequate works being sanctioned/opened. On average, 63% of all job card holding households cited this reason in the surveyed blocks.</p><p style="text-align:justify">&bull; On average, only 36% of all households that worked in the Covid year got their wages within 15 days.</p><p style="text-align:justify">&bull; For households who found work in both the periods (pre-Covid and Covid), increased earnings from MGNREGA were able to compensate for somewhere between 20 to 80 percent of income loss depending on the block.</p><p style="text-align:justify">&bull; For households who had not worked in the pre-Covid year but did find work during the Covid year, we find that MGNREGA earnings compensated for anywhere between 20% and 100% of income lost from other sources.</p><p style="text-align:justify">&bull; More than 8 in 10 households recommended that MGNREGA should be 100 days per person per year and 3 out of 5 households said that MGNREGA contributed positively to overall development in their village.&nbsp;</p><p style="text-align:justify">&bull; Despite low wages and payment delays, MGNREGA clearly made a difference during the pandemic, insuring some of the most vulnerable households against income losses. But it fell quite a bit short of fully protecting households either because it did not meet their demand or completely excluded them from the programme.</p><p style="text-align:justify"><strong>Recommendations of the study</strong></p><p style="text-align:justify">&bull; Massive expansion of the programme is needed to deal with high work demand. Increase the number of administrative personnel by at least doubling the field functionaries. This is also likely to reduce corruption.</p><p style="text-align:justify">&bull; Increase the shelf and scope of permissible works and prioritise community works over individual asset creation to absorb more unmet demand.</p><p style="text-align:justify">&bull; Ensure that computerised receipts are given to workers for work demanded.</p><p style="text-align:justify">&bull; Update job cards with work done, wages earned etc. In addition to manual updating of information on job cards, equip each panchayat to a job card printing facility similar to passbook updation facilities in banks.</p><p style="text-align:justify">&bull; Ensure that wage slips with details of wages and work details are printed and provided to workers after Funds transfer orders are generated.</p><p style="text-align:justify">&bull; Ensure that delay compensation for wage payment delays is paid for the full extent of delay, i.e., till wages are credited to the workers&rsquo; accounts to be in compliance with the Act and Supreme Court orders.</p><p style="text-align:justify">&bull; Prominently display a &lsquo;Know Your Rights (KYR)&rsquo; concerning MGNREGA and banking rights in public places.</p><p style="text-align:justify">&bull; Ensure that the 7 registers are manually maintained in every Gram Panchayat (GP). This can help in keeping track of the parity between the workers&rsquo; experience and the information on the MIS.</p><p style="text-align:justify">&bull; Increase MGNREGA wage rates to at least the state minimum wages or 375 per day as recommended by the Anoop Satpathy Committee and index with CPI-R instead of CPI-AL.</p><p style="text-align:justify">&bull; Ensure that the GPs get funds in advance and have more authority in sanctioning works. This will ensure that the mandate of the 73rd constitutional amendment is honoured and work is available on demand.</p><p style="text-align:justify">&bull; Ensure that social audits are strengthened with timely and adequate funds. Bring every agency involved, including payment intermediaries like NCPI, banks, UIDAI etc within the ambit of social audits with clear penalty norms in case of violations.</p><p style="text-align:justify">For detailed findings and other information, please visit: <a href="https://cse.azimpremjiuniversity.edu.in/" title="https://cse.azimpremjiuniversity.edu.in/">https://cse.azimpremjiuniversity.edu.in/</a></p><p style="text-align:justify"><strong>For media queries, please contact:</strong></p><p style="text-align:justify">Amit Basole &ndash; <a href="http://amit.basole@apu.edu.in" title="http://amit.basole@apu.edu.in">amit.basole@apu.edu.in</a> &nbsp;| +91-96196 49958&nbsp;<br />Rajendran Narayanan &ndash; <a href="http://rajendran.narayanan@apu.edu.in" title="http://rajendran.narayanan@apu.edu.in">rajendran.narayanan@apu.edu.in</a> &nbsp;| +91-9620318492<br />Rashmi Prabhakar &ndash; <a href="http://rashmi.prabhakar@k2communications.in" title="http://rashmi.prabhakar@k2communications.in">rashmi.prabhakar@k2communications.in</a> &nbsp;| +91-9481934254</p><p style="text-align:justify"><strong>About Azim Premji University</strong></p><p style="text-align:justify">Azim Premji University was established under the Azim Premji University Act 2010 of the Government of Karnataka. Azim Premji Foundation, the sponsoring body set up the University as a fully philanthropic and not-for-profit entity, with a clear social purpose of contributing to the realization of a just, equitable, humane and sustainable society.<br />&nbsp;</p><p style="text-align:justify"><strong>Image Courtesy:&nbsp;Employment Guarantee during Covid-19 -- Role of MGNREGA in the year after the 2020 lockdown, please <a href="/upload/files/MGNREGA_Covid_Survey_Report_Final.pdf" title="/upload/files/MGNREGA_Covid_Survey_Report_Final.pdf">click here</a> to access</strong></p>                                                           
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    <h1 class="cat-box-title">Results of a survey in 4 states reveals how MGNREGA protected the poor from income shocks during the pandemic </h1>
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		 Published on</span><span class="text-date"> Oct 13, 2022</span>
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                            <p style="text-align:justify">-Press release by Azim Premji University dated October 13, 2022</p><p style="text-align:justify"><em>New Delhi &amp; Bangalore, October 13: &nbsp;</em>About 39 percent of all jobcard-holding households interested in working under the Mahatma Gandhi National Rural Employment Guarantee Act 2005 did not get a single day of work in the Covid year of 2020-21. Also, on average, only 36 per cent of households that worked received their wages in 15 days, showed a <a href="https://im4change.org/upload/files/MGNREGA_Covid_Survey_Report_Final.pdf" title="https://im4change.org/upload/files/MGNREGA_Covid_Survey_Report_Final.pdf">survey</a> of 2000 households across eight blocks in four states conducted by Azim Premji University in partnership with the National Consortium of Civil Society Organisations on NREGA and Collaborative Research and Dissemination (CORD).</p><p style="text-align:justify">Despite these shortcomings, the study found that MGNREGA made a marked difference during the pandemic, protecting the most vulnerable households from significant loss of income. Increased earnings from MGNREGA were able to compensate for somewhere between 20 to 80 percent of income loss depending on the block.</p><p style="text-align:justify">The <a href="https://im4change.org/upload/files/MGNREGA_Covid_Survey_Report_Final.pdf" title="https://im4change.org/upload/files/MGNREGA_Covid_Survey_Report_Final.pdf">survey</a> was conducted in November-December 2021 in the following blocks: Phulparas (Madhubani) and Chhatapur (Supaul) in Bihar, Bidar (Bidar) and Devadurga (Raichur) in Karnataka, Khalwa (Khandwa) and Ghatigaon (Gwalior) in Madhya Pradesh, and Wardha (Wardha) and Surgana (Nashik) in Maharashtra. The sampling method of the study ensures that findings are representative of all job-card holding households in the block.&nbsp;</p><p style="text-align:justify">&ldquo;Our study shows how much the workers value the need and utility of MGNREGA. More than 8 out of 10 households recommended that MGNREGA should provide 100 days of employment per person per year. We also find a massive extent of underfunding. A conservative estimate yields that the allocations in the surveyed blocks should have been three times the amount that was actually allocated in the year after lockdown to fulfill the true extent of work demand,&ldquo; noted Rajendran Narayanan, co-author of the study and faculty member at Azim Premji University.</p><p style="text-align:justify">Ashwini Kulkarni of the NREGA Consortium said that &ldquo;One of the objectives of MGNREGA is as a social protection measure during distress times. Covid Pandemic, lockdown created unprecedented distress and MGNREGA, as expected, rose to the need and provided work for many more villages and many more households than in the preceding years. MGNREGA&rsquo;s role for reducing vulnerability has been reemphasized and continues to be of vital importance in post-pandemic times. We as Civil Society Organizations have the responsibility to convey voices of the people to the policy makers to fine tune the implementation process, this <a href="https://im4change.org/upload/files/MGNREGA_Covid_Survey_Report_Final.pdf" title="https://im4change.org/upload/files/MGNREGA_Covid_Survey_Report_Final.pdf">report</a> is an effort in this regard.&rdquo;</p><p style="text-align:justify">The key findings of this survey were released today in New Delhi. Please <a href="/upload/files/MGNREGA_Covid_Survey_Report_Final.pdf" title="/upload/files/MGNREGA_Covid_Survey_Report_Final.pdf">click here</a> to access the full report titled&nbsp;Employment Guarantee during Covid-19 -- Role of MGNREGA in the year after the 2020 lockdown: Survey findings from Bihar, Karnataka, Maharashtra and Madhya Pradesh, which has been prepared by Azim Premji University, National Consortium on MGNREGA and CORD.&nbsp;Kindly&nbsp;<a href="/upload/files/Executive%20Summary.pdf" title="/upload/files/Executive%20Summary.pdf">click here</a> to access the Executive Summary of the report.</p><p style="text-align:justify"><strong>Key findings</strong></p><p style="text-align:justify">&bull; Across all blocks, roughly 39 per cent of all the job card holding households interested in working in MGNREGA in the Covid year could not get a single day of work while they wanted 77 days of work on average.</p><p style="text-align:justify">&bull; Among households that found some work, the unmet demand (difference between number of days desired and number of days of work received) across all blocks was 64 days.</p><p style="text-align:justify">&bull; As per the MGNREGA Management Information System (MIS), the total amount spent on labour in the surveyed blocks in the Covid year (FY 2020-21) was 152.68 crores. As per our conservative estimate, to fulfil the true demand for work in these blocks, the allocated labour budget should have been  474.27 crores, i.e., more than 3 times the amount actually spent on wages.</p><p style="text-align:justify">&bull; The most frequently mentioned reason for not getting as much work as needed, across all blocks, was lack of adequate works being sanctioned/opened. On average, 63% of all job card holding households cited this reason in the surveyed blocks.</p><p style="text-align:justify">&bull; On average, only 36% of all households that worked in the Covid year got their wages within 15 days.</p><p style="text-align:justify">&bull; For households who found work in both the periods (pre-Covid and Covid), increased earnings from MGNREGA were able to compensate for somewhere between 20 to 80 percent of income loss depending on the block.</p><p style="text-align:justify">&bull; For households who had not worked in the pre-Covid year but did find work during the Covid year, we find that MGNREGA earnings compensated for anywhere between 20% and 100% of income lost from other sources.</p><p style="text-align:justify">&bull; More than 8 in 10 households recommended that MGNREGA should be 100 days per person per year and 3 out of 5 households said that MGNREGA contributed positively to overall development in their village.&nbsp;</p><p style="text-align:justify">&bull; Despite low wages and payment delays, MGNREGA clearly made a difference during the pandemic, insuring some of the most vulnerable households against income losses. But it fell quite a bit short of fully protecting households either because it did not meet their demand or completely excluded them from the programme.</p><p style="text-align:justify"><strong>Recommendations of the study</strong></p><p style="text-align:justify">&bull; Massive expansion of the programme is needed to deal with high work demand. Increase the number of administrative personnel by at least doubling the field functionaries. This is also likely to reduce corruption.</p><p style="text-align:justify">&bull; Increase the shelf and scope of permissible works and prioritise community works over individual asset creation to absorb more unmet demand.</p><p style="text-align:justify">&bull; Ensure that computerised receipts are given to workers for work demanded.</p><p style="text-align:justify">&bull; Update job cards with work done, wages earned etc. In addition to manual updating of information on job cards, equip each panchayat to a job card printing facility similar to passbook updation facilities in banks.</p><p style="text-align:justify">&bull; Ensure that wage slips with details of wages and work details are printed and provided to workers after Funds transfer orders are generated.</p><p style="text-align:justify">&bull; Ensure that delay compensation for wage payment delays is paid for the full extent of delay, i.e., till wages are credited to the workers&rsquo; accounts to be in compliance with the Act and Supreme Court orders.</p><p style="text-align:justify">&bull; Prominently display a &lsquo;Know Your Rights (KYR)&rsquo; concerning MGNREGA and banking rights in public places.</p><p style="text-align:justify">&bull; Ensure that the 7 registers are manually maintained in every Gram Panchayat (GP). This can help in keeping track of the parity between the workers&rsquo; experience and the information on the MIS.</p><p style="text-align:justify">&bull; Increase MGNREGA wage rates to at least the state minimum wages or 375 per day as recommended by the Anoop Satpathy Committee and index with CPI-R instead of CPI-AL.</p><p style="text-align:justify">&bull; Ensure that the GPs get funds in advance and have more authority in sanctioning works. This will ensure that the mandate of the 73rd constitutional amendment is honoured and work is available on demand.</p><p style="text-align:justify">&bull; Ensure that social audits are strengthened with timely and adequate funds. Bring every agency involved, including payment intermediaries like NCPI, banks, UIDAI etc within the ambit of social audits with clear penalty norms in case of violations.</p><p style="text-align:justify">For detailed findings and other information, please visit: <a href="https://cse.azimpremjiuniversity.edu.in/" title="https://cse.azimpremjiuniversity.edu.in/">https://cse.azimpremjiuniversity.edu.in/</a></p><p style="text-align:justify"><strong>For media queries, please contact:</strong></p><p style="text-align:justify">Amit Basole &ndash; <a href="http://amit.basole@apu.edu.in" title="http://amit.basole@apu.edu.in">amit.basole@apu.edu.in</a> &nbsp;| +91-96196 49958&nbsp;<br />Rajendran Narayanan &ndash; <a href="http://rajendran.narayanan@apu.edu.in" title="http://rajendran.narayanan@apu.edu.in">rajendran.narayanan@apu.edu.in</a> &nbsp;| +91-9620318492<br />Rashmi Prabhakar &ndash; <a href="http://rashmi.prabhakar@k2communications.in" title="http://rashmi.prabhakar@k2communications.in">rashmi.prabhakar@k2communications.in</a> &nbsp;| +91-9481934254</p><p style="text-align:justify"><strong>About Azim Premji University</strong></p><p style="text-align:justify">Azim Premji University was established under the Azim Premji University Act 2010 of the Government of Karnataka. Azim Premji Foundation, the sponsoring body set up the University as a fully philanthropic and not-for-profit entity, with a clear social purpose of contributing to the realization of a just, equitable, humane and sustainable society.<br />&nbsp;</p><p style="text-align:justify"><strong>Image Courtesy:&nbsp;Employment Guarantee during Covid-19 -- Role of MGNREGA in the year after the 2020 lockdown, please <a href="/upload/files/MGNREGA_Covid_Survey_Report_Final.pdf" title="/upload/files/MGNREGA_Covid_Survey_Report_Final.pdf">click here</a> to access</strong></p>                                                           
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Results of a survey in 4 states reveals how MGNREGA protected the poor from income shocks during the pandemic

Published on Oct 13, 2022   Modified on Oct 14, 2022

-Press release by Azim Premji University dated October 13, 2022 New Delhi & Bangalore, October 13:  About 39 percent of all jobcard-holding households interested in working under the Mahatma Gandhi National Rural Employment Guarantee Act 2005 did not get a single day of work in the Covid year of 2020-21. Also, on average, only 36 per cent of households that worked received their wages in 15 days, showed a survey of 2000 households across eight blocks in four states conducted by Azim Premji University in partnership with the National Consortium of Civil Society Organisations on NREGA and Collaborative Research and Dissemination (CORD). Despite these shortcomings, the study found that MGNREGA made a marked difference during the pandemic, protecting the most vulnerable households from significant loss of income. Increased earnings from MGNREGA were able to compensate for somewhere between 20 to 80 percent of income loss depending on the block. The survey was conducted in November-December 2021 in the following blocks: Phulparas (Madhubani) and Chhatapur (Supaul) in Bihar, Bidar (Bidar) and Devadurga (Raichur) in Karnataka, Khalwa (Khandwa) and Ghatigaon (Gwalior) in Madhya Pradesh, and Wardha (Wardha) and Surgana (Nashik) in Maharashtra. The sampling method of the study ensures that findings are representative of all job-card holding households in the block.  “Our study shows how much the workers value the need and utility of MGNREGA. More than 8 out of 10 households recommended that MGNREGA should provide 100 days of employment per person per year. We also find a massive extent of underfunding. A conservative estimate yields that the allocations in the surveyed blocks should have been three times the amount that was actually allocated in the year after lockdown to fulfill the true extent of work demand,“ noted Rajendran Narayanan, co-author of the study and faculty member at Azim Premji University. Ashwini Kulkarni of the NREGA Consortium said that “One of the objectives of MGNREGA is as a social protection measure during distress times. Covid Pandemic, lockdown created unprecedented distress and MGNREGA, as expected, rose to the need and provided work for many more villages and many more households than in the preceding years. MGNREGA’s role for reducing vulnerability has been reemphasized and continues to be of vital importance in post-pandemic times. We as Civil Society Organizations have the responsibility to convey voices of the people to the policy makers to fine tune the implementation process, this report is an effort in this regard.” The key findings of this survey were released today in New Delhi. Please click here to access the full report titled Employment Guarantee during Covid-19 -- Role of MGNREGA in the year after the 2020 lockdown: Survey findings from Bihar, Karnataka, Maharashtra and Madhya Pradesh, which has been prepared by Azim Premji University, National Consortium on MGNREGA and CORD. Kindly click here to access the Executive Summary of the report. Key findings • Across all blocks, roughly 39 per cent of all the job card holding households interested in working in MGNREGA in the Covid year could not get a single day of work while they wanted 77 days of work on average. • Among households that found some work, the unmet demand (difference between number of days desired and number of days of work received) across all blocks was 64 days. • As per the MGNREGA Management Information System (MIS), the total amount spent on labour in the surveyed blocks in the Covid year (FY 2020-21) was 152.68 crores. As per our conservative estimate, to fulfil the true demand for work in these blocks, the allocated labour budget should have been 474.27 crores, i.e., more than 3 times the amount actually spent on wages. • The most frequently mentioned reason for not getting as much work as needed, across all blocks, was lack of adequate works being sanctioned/opened. On average, 63% of all job card holding households cited this reason in the surveyed blocks. • On average, only 36% of all households that worked in the Covid year got their wages within 15 days. • For households who found work in both the periods (pre-Covid and Covid), increased earnings from MGNREGA were able to compensate for somewhere between 20 to 80 percent of income loss depending on the block. • For households who had not worked in the pre-Covid year but did find work during the Covid year, we find that MGNREGA earnings compensated for anywhere between 20% and 100% of income lost from other sources. • More than 8 in 10 households recommended that MGNREGA should be 100 days per person per year and 3 out of 5 households said that MGNREGA contributed positively to overall development in their village.  • Despite low wages and payment delays, MGNREGA clearly made a difference during the pandemic, insuring some of the most vulnerable households against income losses. But it fell quite a bit short of fully protecting households either because it did not meet their demand or completely excluded them from the programme. Recommendations of the study • Massive expansion of the programme is needed to deal with high work demand. Increase the number of administrative personnel by at least doubling the field functionaries. This is also likely to reduce corruption. • Increase the shelf and scope of permissible works and prioritise community works over individual asset creation to absorb more unmet demand. • Ensure that computerised receipts are given to workers for work demanded. • Update job cards with work done, wages earned etc. In addition to manual updating of information on job cards, equip each panchayat to a job card printing facility similar to passbook updation facilities in banks. • Ensure that wage slips with details of wages and work details are printed and provided to workers after Funds transfer orders are generated. • Ensure that delay compensation for wage payment delays is paid for the full extent of delay, i.e., till wages are credited to the workers’ accounts to be in compliance with the Act and Supreme Court orders. • Prominently display a ‘Know Your Rights (KYR)’ concerning MGNREGA and banking rights in public places. • Ensure that the 7 registers are manually maintained in every Gram Panchayat (GP). This can help in keeping track of the parity between the workers’ experience and the information on the MIS. • Increase MGNREGA wage rates to at least the state minimum wages or 375 per day as recommended by the Anoop Satpathy Committee and index with CPI-R instead of CPI-AL. • Ensure that the GPs get funds in advance and have more authority in sanctioning works. This will ensure that the mandate of the 73rd constitutional amendment is honoured and work is available on demand. • Ensure that social audits are strengthened with timely and adequate funds. Bring every agency involved, including payment intermediaries like NCPI, banks, UIDAI etc within the ambit of social audits with clear penalty norms in case of violations. For detailed findings and other information, please visit: https://cse.azimpremjiuniversity.edu.in/ For media queries, please contact: Amit Basole – amit.basole@apu.edu.in  | +91-96196 49958  Rajendran Narayanan – rajendran.narayanan@apu.edu.in  | +91-9620318492 Rashmi Prabhakar – rashmi.prabhakar@k2communications.in  | +91-9481934254 About Azim Premji University Azim Premji University was established under the Azim Premji University Act 2010 of the Government of Karnataka. Azim Premji Foundation, the sponsoring body set up the University as a fully philanthropic and not-for-profit entity, with a clear social purpose of contributing to the realization of a just, equitable, humane and sustainable society.   Image Courtesy: Employment Guarantee during Covid-19 -- Role of MGNREGA in the year after the 2020 lockdown, please click here to access

Press release by Azim Premji University dated October 13, 2022, https://cse.azimpremjiuniversity.edu.in/employment-guarantee-during-covid-19-role-of-mgnrega-in-the-year-after-the-2020-lockdown/

Tagged with: Aadhaar Azim Premji University Collaborative Research and Dissemination COVID-19 income security income shocks Job Cards MGNREGA MGNREGS

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