Deprecated (16384): The ArrayAccess methods will be removed in 4.0.0.Use getParam(), getData() and getQuery() instead. - /home/brlfuser/public_html/src/Controller/ArtileDetailController.php, line: 150
 You can disable deprecation warnings by setting `Error.errorLevel` to `E_ALL & ~E_USER_DEPRECATED` in your config/app.php. [CORE/src/Core/functions.php, line 311]
Code Context


        trigger_error($message, E_USER_DEPRECATED);

    }
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 You can disable deprecation warnings by setting `Error.errorLevel` to `E_ALL & ~E_USER_DEPRECATED` in your config/app.php.'
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deprecationWarning - CORE/src/Core/functions.php, line 311
Cake\Http\ServerRequest::offsetGet() - CORE/src/Http/ServerRequest.php, line 2421
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Cake\Http\Runner::__invoke() - CORE/src/Http/Runner.php, line 65
Cake\Http\Runner::run() - CORE/src/Http/Runner.php, line 51
Cake\Http\Server::run() - CORE/src/Http/Server.php, line 98

Deprecated (16384): The ArrayAccess methods will be removed in 4.0.0.Use getParam(), getData() and getQuery() instead. - /home/brlfuser/public_html/src/Controller/ArtileDetailController.php, line: 151
 You can disable deprecation warnings by setting `Error.errorLevel` to `E_ALL & ~E_USER_DEPRECATED` in your config/app.php. [CORE/src/Core/functions.php, line 311]
Code Context


        trigger_error($message, E_USER_DEPRECATED);

    }
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 You can disable deprecation warnings by setting `Error.errorLevel` to `E_ALL & ~E_USER_DEPRECATED` in your config/app.php.'
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deprecationWarning - CORE/src/Core/functions.php, line 311
Cake\Http\ServerRequest::offsetGet() - CORE/src/Http/ServerRequest.php, line 2421
App\Controller\ArtileDetailController::index() - APP/Controller/ArtileDetailController.php, line 151
Cake\Controller\Controller::invokeAction() - CORE/src/Controller/Controller.php, line 610
Cake\Http\ActionDispatcher::_invoke() - CORE/src/Http/ActionDispatcher.php, line 120
Cake\Http\ActionDispatcher::dispatch() - CORE/src/Http/ActionDispatcher.php, line 94
Cake\Http\BaseApplication::__invoke() - CORE/src/Http/BaseApplication.php, line 235
Cake\Http\Runner::__invoke() - CORE/src/Http/Runner.php, line 65
Cake\Routing\Middleware\RoutingMiddleware::__invoke() - CORE/src/Routing/Middleware/RoutingMiddleware.php, line 162
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Cake\Routing\Middleware\AssetMiddleware::__invoke() - CORE/src/Routing/Middleware/AssetMiddleware.php, line 97
Cake\Http\Runner::__invoke() - CORE/src/Http/Runner.php, line 65
Cake\Error\Middleware\ErrorHandlerMiddleware::__invoke() - CORE/src/Error/Middleware/ErrorHandlerMiddleware.php, line 96
Cake\Http\Runner::__invoke() - CORE/src/Http/Runner.php, line 65
Cake\Http\Runner::run() - CORE/src/Http/Runner.php, line 51
Cake\Http\Server::run() - CORE/src/Http/Server.php, line 98

Warning (512): Unable to emit headers. Headers sent in file=/home/brlfuser/public_html/vendor/cakephp/cakephp/src/Error/Debugger.php line=853 [CORE/src/Http/ResponseEmitter.php, line 48]
Code Context
            if (Configure::read('debug')) {

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The Supreme Court has decided to examine Islamic personal law to consider doing away with provisions biased against Muslim women, often victims of polygamy and the triple talaq system, a controversial move that may upset a section of the..."/>
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                            <div align="justify">-Hindustan Times<br /><br />The Supreme Court has decided to examine Islamic personal law to consider doing away with provisions biased against Muslim women, often victims of polygamy and the triple talaq system, a controversial move that may upset a section of the community that has resisted reform.<br /><br />A bench of justices AR Dave and AK Goel requested Chief Justice of India HL Dattu to constitute an appropriate bench and address the issue to bring about gender equality in Muslim personal law in line with the Constitution that prohibits discrimination on the basis of sex.<br /><br />&ldquo;There is no safeguard against arbitrary divorce and second marriage by her (a Muslim woman&rsquo;s) husband during currency of the first marriage, resulting in a denial of dignity and security to her,&rdquo; the bench said.<br /><br />&ldquo;Laws dealing with marriage and succession are not part of religion. Law has to change with time,&rdquo; they added, citing an earlier judgment.<br /><br />The judges analysed several SC judgments on gender discrimination in Muslim law and issued notices to the attorney general and the National Legal Services Authority, asking them to respond by November 23.<br /><br />India has separate personal laws for each religion that govern marriage, succession, adoption and maintenance. Hindu family laws were modified in the 1950s but activists have long argued Muslim personal law, which has remained mostly unchanged, is tilted against women. It allows polygamy and the use of the triple talaq system.<br /><br />Women are discriminated against in succession and inheritance of property. Also, two female witnesses equal one male witness in a Muslim marriage. In a survey conducted earlier this year, over 90% of Muslim women rejected triple talaq and polygamy.<br /><br />&ldquo;The practice of polygamy is injurious to public morals and can be superseded by the State just as practice of sati,&rdquo; the bench said, quoting from a 2003 verdict.<br /><br />Noted Islamic scholar and former chairman of the National Commission for Minorities Tahir Mahmood supported the SC&rsquo;s move.<br /><br />&ldquo;There is a misconception that Muslim personal law is covered by the right to religious freedom under the Constitution. Personal laws are within the legislative competence of the state. There is no doubt in practice Muslim women are discriminated against. The legislature has done nothing to end it. The SC must take cognizance of such discrimination and do something for them,&rdquo; Mahmood said.<br /><br />The order comes days after another SC bench asked the Centre to quickly decide on a uniform civil code to end confusion over personal community laws. The bench noted though the issue came up before the SC in the past, the court refrained because &ldquo;a climate was required to be built for a uniform civil code&rdquo;.<br /><br />The court said the matter needed consideration because it was related not just to policy but also fundamental rights of women to equality, non-discrimination, life and liberty.<br /><br />In 1985, the Supreme Court awarded maintenance to a 60-year-old divorced Muslim woman, Shah Bano, but the then Congress government reversed the verdict after pushback from the clergy and Muslim Personal Law Board.<br /><br />The court said the Muslim Women (Protection of Rights on Divorce) Act, 1986 that was passed during the Rajiv Gandhi government needed to be examined by a Constitution Bench. India&rsquo;s criminal procedure code guarantees maintenance to divorced women throughout their lifetime unless they remarry.</div>                                                           
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    <h1 class="cat-box-title">SC to examine Muslim personal law, aim to end gender bias -Bhadra Sinha</h1>
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                            <div align="justify">-Hindustan Times<br /><br />The Supreme Court has decided to examine Islamic personal law to consider doing away with provisions biased against Muslim women, often victims of polygamy and the triple talaq system, a controversial move that may upset a section of the community that has resisted reform.<br /><br />A bench of justices AR Dave and AK Goel requested Chief Justice of India HL Dattu to constitute an appropriate bench and address the issue to bring about gender equality in Muslim personal law in line with the Constitution that prohibits discrimination on the basis of sex.<br /><br />&ldquo;There is no safeguard against arbitrary divorce and second marriage by her (a Muslim woman&rsquo;s) husband during currency of the first marriage, resulting in a denial of dignity and security to her,&rdquo; the bench said.<br /><br />&ldquo;Laws dealing with marriage and succession are not part of religion. Law has to change with time,&rdquo; they added, citing an earlier judgment.<br /><br />The judges analysed several SC judgments on gender discrimination in Muslim law and issued notices to the attorney general and the National Legal Services Authority, asking them to respond by November 23.<br /><br />India has separate personal laws for each religion that govern marriage, succession, adoption and maintenance. Hindu family laws were modified in the 1950s but activists have long argued Muslim personal law, which has remained mostly unchanged, is tilted against women. It allows polygamy and the use of the triple talaq system.<br /><br />Women are discriminated against in succession and inheritance of property. Also, two female witnesses equal one male witness in a Muslim marriage. In a survey conducted earlier this year, over 90% of Muslim women rejected triple talaq and polygamy.<br /><br />&ldquo;The practice of polygamy is injurious to public morals and can be superseded by the State just as practice of sati,&rdquo; the bench said, quoting from a 2003 verdict.<br /><br />Noted Islamic scholar and former chairman of the National Commission for Minorities Tahir Mahmood supported the SC&rsquo;s move.<br /><br />&ldquo;There is a misconception that Muslim personal law is covered by the right to religious freedom under the Constitution. Personal laws are within the legislative competence of the state. There is no doubt in practice Muslim women are discriminated against. The legislature has done nothing to end it. The SC must take cognizance of such discrimination and do something for them,&rdquo; Mahmood said.<br /><br />The order comes days after another SC bench asked the Centre to quickly decide on a uniform civil code to end confusion over personal community laws. The bench noted though the issue came up before the SC in the past, the court refrained because &ldquo;a climate was required to be built for a uniform civil code&rdquo;.<br /><br />The court said the matter needed consideration because it was related not just to policy but also fundamental rights of women to equality, non-discrimination, life and liberty.<br /><br />In 1985, the Supreme Court awarded maintenance to a 60-year-old divorced Muslim woman, Shah Bano, but the then Congress government reversed the verdict after pushback from the clergy and Muslim Personal Law Board.<br /><br />The court said the Muslim Women (Protection of Rights on Divorce) Act, 1986 that was passed during the Rajiv Gandhi government needed to be examined by a Constitution Bench. India&rsquo;s criminal procedure code guarantees maintenance to divorced women throughout their lifetime unless they remarry.</div>                                                           
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-Hindustan Times

The Supreme Court has decided to examine Islamic personal law to consider doing away with provisions biased against Muslim women, often victims of polygamy and the triple talaq system, a controversial move that may upset a section of the..." />
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    <h1 class="cat-box-title">SC to examine Muslim personal law, aim to end gender bias -Bhadra Sinha</h1>
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                            <div align="justify">-Hindustan Times<br /><br />The Supreme Court has decided to examine Islamic personal law to consider doing away with provisions biased against Muslim women, often victims of polygamy and the triple talaq system, a controversial move that may upset a section of the community that has resisted reform.<br /><br />A bench of justices AR Dave and AK Goel requested Chief Justice of India HL Dattu to constitute an appropriate bench and address the issue to bring about gender equality in Muslim personal law in line with the Constitution that prohibits discrimination on the basis of sex.<br /><br />&ldquo;There is no safeguard against arbitrary divorce and second marriage by her (a Muslim woman&rsquo;s) husband during currency of the first marriage, resulting in a denial of dignity and security to her,&rdquo; the bench said.<br /><br />&ldquo;Laws dealing with marriage and succession are not part of religion. Law has to change with time,&rdquo; they added, citing an earlier judgment.<br /><br />The judges analysed several SC judgments on gender discrimination in Muslim law and issued notices to the attorney general and the National Legal Services Authority, asking them to respond by November 23.<br /><br />India has separate personal laws for each religion that govern marriage, succession, adoption and maintenance. Hindu family laws were modified in the 1950s but activists have long argued Muslim personal law, which has remained mostly unchanged, is tilted against women. It allows polygamy and the use of the triple talaq system.<br /><br />Women are discriminated against in succession and inheritance of property. Also, two female witnesses equal one male witness in a Muslim marriage. In a survey conducted earlier this year, over 90% of Muslim women rejected triple talaq and polygamy.<br /><br />&ldquo;The practice of polygamy is injurious to public morals and can be superseded by the State just as practice of sati,&rdquo; the bench said, quoting from a 2003 verdict.<br /><br />Noted Islamic scholar and former chairman of the National Commission for Minorities Tahir Mahmood supported the SC&rsquo;s move.<br /><br />&ldquo;There is a misconception that Muslim personal law is covered by the right to religious freedom under the Constitution. Personal laws are within the legislative competence of the state. There is no doubt in practice Muslim women are discriminated against. The legislature has done nothing to end it. The SC must take cognizance of such discrimination and do something for them,&rdquo; Mahmood said.<br /><br />The order comes days after another SC bench asked the Centre to quickly decide on a uniform civil code to end confusion over personal community laws. The bench noted though the issue came up before the SC in the past, the court refrained because &ldquo;a climate was required to be built for a uniform civil code&rdquo;.<br /><br />The court said the matter needed consideration because it was related not just to policy but also fundamental rights of women to equality, non-discrimination, life and liberty.<br /><br />In 1985, the Supreme Court awarded maintenance to a 60-year-old divorced Muslim woman, Shah Bano, but the then Congress government reversed the verdict after pushback from the clergy and Muslim Personal Law Board.<br /><br />The court said the Muslim Women (Protection of Rights on Divorce) Act, 1986 that was passed during the Rajiv Gandhi government needed to be examined by a Constitution Bench. India&rsquo;s criminal procedure code guarantees maintenance to divorced women throughout their lifetime unless they remarry.</div>                                                           
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Home हिन्दी

SC to examine Muslim personal law, aim to end gender bias -Bhadra Sinha

Published on Oct 28, 2015   Modified on Oct 28, 2015

-Hindustan Times The Supreme Court has decided to examine Islamic personal law to consider doing away with provisions biased against Muslim women, often victims of polygamy and the triple talaq system, a controversial move that may upset a section of the community that has resisted reform. A bench of justices AR Dave and AK Goel requested Chief Justice of India HL Dattu to constitute an appropriate bench and address the issue to bring about gender equality in Muslim personal law in line with the Constitution that prohibits discrimination on the basis of sex. “There is no safeguard against arbitrary divorce and second marriage by her (a Muslim woman’s) husband during currency of the first marriage, resulting in a denial of dignity and security to her,” the bench said. “Laws dealing with marriage and succession are not part of religion. Law has to change with time,” they added, citing an earlier judgment. The judges analysed several SC judgments on gender discrimination in Muslim law and issued notices to the attorney general and the National Legal Services Authority, asking them to respond by November 23. India has separate personal laws for each religion that govern marriage, succession, adoption and maintenance. Hindu family laws were modified in the 1950s but activists have long argued Muslim personal law, which has remained mostly unchanged, is tilted against women. It allows polygamy and the use of the triple talaq system. Women are discriminated against in succession and inheritance of property. Also, two female witnesses equal one male witness in a Muslim marriage. In a survey conducted earlier this year, over 90% of Muslim women rejected triple talaq and polygamy. “The practice of polygamy is injurious to public morals and can be superseded by the State just as practice of sati,” the bench said, quoting from a 2003 verdict. Noted Islamic scholar and former chairman of the National Commission for Minorities Tahir Mahmood supported the SC’s move. “There is a misconception that Muslim personal law is covered by the right to religious freedom under the Constitution. Personal laws are within the legislative competence of the state. There is no doubt in practice Muslim women are discriminated against. The legislature has done nothing to end it. The SC must take cognizance of such discrimination and do something for them,” Mahmood said. The order comes days after another SC bench asked the Centre to quickly decide on a uniform civil code to end confusion over personal community laws. The bench noted though the issue came up before the SC in the past, the court refrained because “a climate was required to be built for a uniform civil code”. The court said the matter needed consideration because it was related not just to policy but also fundamental rights of women to equality, non-discrimination, life and liberty. In 1985, the Supreme Court awarded maintenance to a 60-year-old divorced Muslim woman, Shah Bano, but the then Congress government reversed the verdict after pushback from the clergy and Muslim Personal Law Board. The court said the Muslim Women (Protection of Rights on Divorce) Act, 1986 that was passed during the Rajiv Gandhi government needed to be examined by a Constitution Bench. India’s criminal procedure code guarantees maintenance to divorced women throughout their lifetime unless they remarry.

Hindustan Times, 28 October, 2015, http://www.hindustantimes.com/india/sc-to-examine-muslim-personal-law-for-polygamy-triple-talaq/story-qpLYAycFxuLkHyvv8zCRTL.html

Tagged with: Muslim personal law Gender Equality Constitution Polygamy Triple talaq system Talaq Inheritance

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