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-The Hindu
</div>
<p align="justify">
<br />
<em>Chennai: </em>A team led by an IIT-Madras professor has devised a cheap and effective method to produce clean drinking water.
</p>
<p align="justify">
It will soon be possible to produce 10 litres of water - free of bacteria and virus - at just Rs. 10-12 per month, for the daily consumption of a family of five.
</p>
<p align="justify">
Prof. T. Pradeep of the department of chemistry at IIT-M and his team have made use of silver nanoparticles to achieve this feat.
</p>
<p align="justify">
Apart from being affordable, silver nanoparticles coated on a composite do not require electricity or hydrostatic pressure to produce potable water.
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<p align="justify">
They can operate at ambient temperatures ranging from 5-35 degrees Celsius, according to a paper published on May 7 in Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences. The production of the nanoparticle matrix is also environment-friendly.
</p>
<p align="justify">
The technology is based on sustained release of about 50 parts per billion (ppb) of silver ions in a large volume of water to kill microorganisms.
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<p align="justify">
The amount of silver ions released is well below the maximum permissible limit of 100 ppb.
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<p align="justify">
Silver ions are known for their ability to destroy the integrity of cell membranes and damage DNA.
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<p align="justify">
To achieve sustained release of silver ions, Prof. Pradeep's team first prepared a composite of aluminium oxy-hydroxide on which silver nanoparticles were deposited.
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<p align="justify">
"Each box is 50 nanometre (nm) long and 20-30 nm wide. The boxes are connected together by bio-polymer reinforcement," Prof. Pradeep told The Hindu.
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<p align="justify">
Each box has two sides open which allows water to flow through them. "Not every box, however, is coated with the nanoparticles," he said.
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<p align="justify">
The composite with silver nanoparticles is in the form of sand grains.
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<p align="justify">
"A composite granule will have millions of nanoboxes and many of the boxes will have silver nanoparticles embedded on them," he said.
</p>
<p align="justify">
The reason behind the sustained release is that silver nanoparticles are much more active than bulk silver, and hence they are much more unstable. The instability arises from being bound to fewer atoms.
</p>
<p align="justify">
The nanoparticles are trapped within the composite such that they have ‘reduced contact' with agents that tend to form scaling but still have sufficient ‘interaction' with water to continuously release silver ions.
</p>
<p align="justify">
Despite this, scaling forms on the nanoparticles after a period of time and the performance declines. But reactivation (release of silver ions) can be achieved by heating the composite at 70-100 degrees Celsius for 3-4 hours.
</p>
<p align="justify">
"The consumer can use the filter for a year before reactivating it. It can be run for six cycles (six years)," Prof. Pradeep said.
</p>
<p align="justify">
The use of carbon filter at a second stage helps in removing particulate matter, organic and bacterial biomass and traces of silver ions.
</p>
<p align="justify">
Trials showed that composites made of specific materials were capable of removing contaminants like iron, lead and arsenic.
</p>
<p align="justify">
In the case of arsenic, 20 gm of composite kept in 400 litres of water reduced the chemical content from one part per million (ppm) to less than 10 ppb in the output water.
</p>
<p align="justify">
<em>The Hindu, 7 May, 2013, <a href="http://www.thehindu.com/sci-tech/technology/affordable-water-purification-using-silver-nanoparticles/article4690096.ece?homepage=true">http://www.thehindu.com/sci-tech/technology/affordable-water-purification-using-silver-nanoparticles/article4690096.ece?homepage=true</a> </em>
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Water and Sanitation | Affordable water purification using silver nanoparticles-R Prasad </title>
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-The Hindu
Chennai: A team led by an IIT-Madras professor has devised a cheap and effective method to produce clean drinking water.
It will soon be possible to produce 10 litres of water - free of bacteria and virus - at just..."/>
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-The Hindu
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Water and Sanitation </h2>
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<a href="https://im4change.in/water-and-sanitation/affordable-water-purification-using-silver-nanoparticles-r-prasad-20960.html" target="_blank">Affordable water purification using silver nanoparticles-R Prasad</a>
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<br><small>May 7, 2013</small>
<p style="padding-top: 6px;">
-The Hindu
Chennai: A team led by an IIT-Madras professor has devised a cheap and effective method to produce clean drinking water.
It will soon be possible to produce 10 litres of water - free of bacteria and virus - at just Rs. 10-12 per month, for...</p>
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<br><small>May 5, 2013</small>
<p style="padding-top: 6px;">
-The Hindu
Researchers at IIT-Madras have developed a hybrid solar-powered desalination plant that can serve areas suffering from severe drinking water shortage but have sea or brackish ground water.
A solar photovoltaic panel is dovetailed to a power grid or a backup diesel generator that will...</p>
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<br><small>July 19, 2012</small>
<p style="padding-top: 6px;">-PTI
With the twin objectives of preventing corrosion of tracks and providing odourless toilets to passengers, railways are replacing existing ones with bio-toilets.
"While some green toilets designed by DRDO are already being manufactured and fitted in coaches, we are committed to manufacture 25,00 bio-toilets in the...</p>
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<a href="https://im4change.in/water-and-sanitation/human-waste-to-light-up-bio-toilets-16056.html" target="_blank"><strong style="" >Human waste to light up bio-toilets</strong></a>
<br><small>July 4, 2012</small>
<p style="padding-top: 6px;">
-PTI
Methane gas generated from human waste could be used to light up bio-toilets developed by scientists of the Defence Research and Development Organisation.
Acting on suggestions made by Union Minister for Rural Development Jairam Ramesh, the premier research agency is now working to provide lighting solution...</p>
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<a href="https://im4change.in/water-and-sanitation/country039s-first-zero-waste-toilet-system-at-evoor-15203.html" target="_blank"><strong style="" >Country's first zero waste toilet system at Evoor</strong></a>
<br><small>May 17, 2012</small>
<p style="padding-top: 6px;">
-The Hindu
Costing Rs.37, 000 with DRDA grant of Rs.9, 000
The first ‘zero waste toilet system' (ZWTS) in the country was inaugurated at Evoor village near Musiri on Thursday by Collector Jayashree Muralidharan.
This is an integrated urine diversion biogas linked flush toilet system and has five...</p>
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Water and Sanitation </h2>
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<br><small>May 7, 2013</small>
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Chennai: A team led by an IIT-Madras professor has devised a cheap and effective method to produce clean drinking water.
It will soon be possible to produce 10 litres of water - free of bacteria and virus - at just Rs. 10-12 per month, for...</p>
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<br><small>May 5, 2013</small>
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-The Hindu
Researchers at IIT-Madras have developed a hybrid solar-powered desalination plant that can serve areas suffering from severe drinking water shortage but have sea or brackish ground water.
A solar photovoltaic panel is dovetailed to a power grid or a backup diesel generator that will...</p>
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<br><small>July 19, 2012</small>
<p style="padding-top: 6px;">-PTI
With the twin objectives of preventing corrosion of tracks and providing odourless toilets to passengers, railways are replacing existing ones with bio-toilets.
"While some green toilets designed by DRDO are already being manufactured and fitted in coaches, we are committed to manufacture 25,00 bio-toilets in the...</p>
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<br><small>July 4, 2012</small>
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-PTI
Methane gas generated from human waste could be used to light up bio-toilets developed by scientists of the Defence Research and Development Organisation.
Acting on suggestions made by Union Minister for Rural Development Jairam Ramesh, the premier research agency is now working to provide lighting solution...</p>
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<a href="https://im4change.in/water-and-sanitation/country039s-first-zero-waste-toilet-system-at-evoor-15203.html" target="_blank"><strong style="" >Country's first zero waste toilet system at Evoor</strong></a>
<br><small>May 17, 2012</small>
<p style="padding-top: 6px;">
-The Hindu
Costing Rs.37, 000 with DRDA grant of Rs.9, 000
The first ‘zero waste toilet system' (ZWTS) in the country was inaugurated at Evoor village near Musiri on Thursday by Collector Jayashree Muralidharan.
This is an integrated urine diversion biogas linked flush toilet system and has five...</p>
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Water and Sanitation | Affordable water purification using silver nanoparticles-R Prasad </title>
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Water and Sanitation </h2>
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Chennai: A team led by an IIT-Madras professor has devised a cheap and effective method to produce clean drinking water.
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<br><small>May 5, 2013</small>
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Researchers at IIT-Madras have developed a hybrid solar-powered desalination plant that can serve areas suffering from severe drinking water shortage but have sea or brackish ground water.
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<br><small>July 19, 2012</small>
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With the twin objectives of preventing corrosion of tracks and providing odourless toilets to passengers, railways are replacing existing ones with bio-toilets.
"While some green toilets designed by DRDO are already being manufactured and fitted in coaches, we are committed to manufacture 25,00 bio-toilets in the...</p>
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<br><small>July 4, 2012</small>
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Methane gas generated from human waste could be used to light up bio-toilets developed by scientists of the Defence Research and Development Organisation.
Acting on suggestions made by Union Minister for Rural Development Jairam Ramesh, the premier research agency is now working to provide lighting solution...</p>
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<a href="https://im4change.in/water-and-sanitation/country039s-first-zero-waste-toilet-system-at-evoor-15203.html" target="_blank"><strong style="" >Country's first zero waste toilet system at Evoor</strong></a>
<br><small>May 17, 2012</small>
<p style="padding-top: 6px;">
-The Hindu
Costing Rs.37, 000 with DRDA grant of Rs.9, 000
The first ‘zero waste toilet system' (ZWTS) in the country was inaugurated at Evoor village near Musiri on Thursday by Collector Jayashree Muralidharan.
This is an integrated urine diversion biogas linked flush toilet system and has five...</p>
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Water and Sanitation | Affordable water purification using silver nanoparticles-R Prasad
-The Hindu
Chennai: A team led by an IIT-Madras professor has devised a cheap and effective method to produce clean drinking water.
It will soon be possible to produce 10 litres of water - free of bacteria and virus - at just Rs. 10-12 per month, for...
-The Hindu
Researchers at IIT-Madras have developed a hybrid solar-powered desalination plant that can serve areas suffering from severe drinking water shortage but have sea or brackish ground water.
A solar photovoltaic panel is dovetailed to a power grid or a backup diesel generator that will...
-PTI
With the twin objectives of preventing corrosion of tracks and providing odourless toilets to passengers, railways are replacing existing ones with bio-toilets.
"While some green toilets designed by DRDO are already being manufactured and fitted in coaches, we are committed to manufacture 25,00 bio-toilets in the...
-PTI
Methane gas generated from human waste could be used to light up bio-toilets developed by scientists of the Defence Research and Development Organisation.
Acting on suggestions made by Union Minister for Rural Development Jairam Ramesh, the premier research agency is now working to provide lighting solution...
-The Hindu
Costing Rs.37, 000 with DRDA grant of Rs.9, 000
The first ‘zero waste toilet system' (ZWTS) in the country was inaugurated at Evoor village near Musiri on Thursday by Collector Jayashree Muralidharan.
This is an integrated urine diversion biogas linked flush toilet system and has five...
