Deprecated (16384): The ArrayAccess methods will be removed in 4.0.0.Use getParam(), getData() and getQuery() instead. - /home/brlfuser/public_html/src/Controller/ArtileDetailController.php, line: 150
 You can disable deprecation warnings by setting `Error.errorLevel` to `E_ALL & ~E_USER_DEPRECATED` in your config/app.php. [CORE/src/Core/functions.php, line 311]
Code Context


        trigger_error($message, E_USER_DEPRECATED);

    }
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 You can disable deprecation warnings by setting `Error.errorLevel` to `E_ALL & ~E_USER_DEPRECATED` in your config/app.php.'
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deprecationWarning - CORE/src/Core/functions.php, line 311
Cake\Http\ServerRequest::offsetGet() - CORE/src/Http/ServerRequest.php, line 2421
App\Controller\ArtileDetailController::index() - APP/Controller/ArtileDetailController.php, line 150
Cake\Controller\Controller::invokeAction() - CORE/src/Controller/Controller.php, line 610
Cake\Http\ActionDispatcher::_invoke() - CORE/src/Http/ActionDispatcher.php, line 120
Cake\Http\ActionDispatcher::dispatch() - CORE/src/Http/ActionDispatcher.php, line 94
Cake\Http\BaseApplication::__invoke() - CORE/src/Http/BaseApplication.php, line 235
Cake\Http\Runner::__invoke() - CORE/src/Http/Runner.php, line 65
Cake\Routing\Middleware\RoutingMiddleware::__invoke() - CORE/src/Routing/Middleware/RoutingMiddleware.php, line 162
Cake\Http\Runner::__invoke() - CORE/src/Http/Runner.php, line 65
Cake\Routing\Middleware\AssetMiddleware::__invoke() - CORE/src/Routing/Middleware/AssetMiddleware.php, line 97
Cake\Http\Runner::__invoke() - CORE/src/Http/Runner.php, line 65
Cake\Error\Middleware\ErrorHandlerMiddleware::__invoke() - CORE/src/Error/Middleware/ErrorHandlerMiddleware.php, line 96
Cake\Http\Runner::__invoke() - CORE/src/Http/Runner.php, line 65
Cake\Http\Runner::run() - CORE/src/Http/Runner.php, line 51
Cake\Http\Server::run() - CORE/src/Http/Server.php, line 98

Deprecated (16384): The ArrayAccess methods will be removed in 4.0.0.Use getParam(), getData() and getQuery() instead. - /home/brlfuser/public_html/src/Controller/ArtileDetailController.php, line: 151
 You can disable deprecation warnings by setting `Error.errorLevel` to `E_ALL & ~E_USER_DEPRECATED` in your config/app.php. [CORE/src/Core/functions.php, line 311]
Code Context


        trigger_error($message, E_USER_DEPRECATED);

    }
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 You can disable deprecation warnings by setting `Error.errorLevel` to `E_ALL & ~E_USER_DEPRECATED` in your config/app.php.'
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deprecationWarning - CORE/src/Core/functions.php, line 311
Cake\Http\ServerRequest::offsetGet() - CORE/src/Http/ServerRequest.php, line 2421
App\Controller\ArtileDetailController::index() - APP/Controller/ArtileDetailController.php, line 151
Cake\Controller\Controller::invokeAction() - CORE/src/Controller/Controller.php, line 610
Cake\Http\ActionDispatcher::_invoke() - CORE/src/Http/ActionDispatcher.php, line 120
Cake\Http\ActionDispatcher::dispatch() - CORE/src/Http/ActionDispatcher.php, line 94
Cake\Http\BaseApplication::__invoke() - CORE/src/Http/BaseApplication.php, line 235
Cake\Http\Runner::__invoke() - CORE/src/Http/Runner.php, line 65
Cake\Routing\Middleware\RoutingMiddleware::__invoke() - CORE/src/Routing/Middleware/RoutingMiddleware.php, line 162
Cake\Http\Runner::__invoke() - CORE/src/Http/Runner.php, line 65
Cake\Routing\Middleware\AssetMiddleware::__invoke() - CORE/src/Routing/Middleware/AssetMiddleware.php, line 97
Cake\Http\Runner::__invoke() - CORE/src/Http/Runner.php, line 65
Cake\Error\Middleware\ErrorHandlerMiddleware::__invoke() - CORE/src/Error/Middleware/ErrorHandlerMiddleware.php, line 96
Cake\Http\Runner::__invoke() - CORE/src/Http/Runner.php, line 65
Cake\Http\Runner::run() - CORE/src/Http/Runner.php, line 51
Cake\Http\Server::run() - CORE/src/Http/Server.php, line 98

Warning (512): Unable to emit headers. Headers sent in file=/home/brlfuser/public_html/vendor/cakephp/cakephp/src/Error/Debugger.php line=853 [CORE/src/Http/ResponseEmitter.php, line 48]
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भारत में कुल कृषि-भूमि का तकरीबन 45 फीसद हिस्सा सिंचित-भूमि की श्रेणी में आता है और इस भूमि के 50 फीसदी हिस्से पर सिंचाई भूमिगत जल के दोहन से होती है। ग्रामीण इलाके में पेयजल की कुल खपत में 85 फीसदी की हिस्सेदारी भूमिगत जल की है लेकिन वे दिन दूर नहीं जब पानी का यह संसाधन दुर्लभ हो जाएगा। समझदारी इसी में है कि भूमिगत जल को साझे की संपदा माना जाय ताकि भलाई एक की नहीं पूरे समुदाय की हो। भूमिगत जल-स्रोतों के नजदीक रहने वाले लोगों को इस पानी के स्वभाव और उसके अनूकूल प्रबंधन की समझ होती है ना कि उस दल-बल को जो समय-समय पर भागीदारी आधारित भूमिगत जल-प्रबंधन के नारे तले सरकारी दौरा करके अपने कर्तव्य की इतिश्री समझ लेता है। 
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<br />
एफएओ के एक नए अध्ययन(देखें नीचे दी गई लिंक) में भूमिगत जल के भागीदारीपरक प्रबंधन से संबंधित दो कार्यक्रमों का जायजा लिया गया है। ये कार्यक्रम 1990 के दशक के मध्यवर्ती सालों से लेकर 2010 तक चले और इस कार्यक्रम के केंद्र में छोटे-छोटे कुओं को रखा गया था। पेयजल या सिंचाई के लिए हर कुएं पर कुछ परिवार निर्भर थे। ये कार्यक्रम आंध्रप्रदेश के सूखा-प्रभावित 660 गांवों में चलाये गए और इनकी समाप्ति तक 20 हजार किसानों ने इसमें पानी के प्रबंधन से जुड़े अपने परंपरागत कौशल के जरिए इसमें भागीदारी की।
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ग्रामीण समुदाय के लिए पानी से जुड़े विज्ञान और तकनीक को सहज-सरल बनाना, किसानों के लिए वाटर स्कूल और सूचना-केंद्र बनाकर उन्हें अपने परंपरागत ज्ञान के उपयोग द्वारा जल-प्रबंधन में सक्षम बनाना साथ ही खेती-बाड़ी के लिए पानी की मांग में कमी लाने के तरीके बताने जैसी बातें इस कार्यक्रम का मुख्य आधार रहीं। फसल-चक्र में बदलाव, पानी का प्रभावकारी उपयोग तथा भूमि की नमी को बरकरार रखने के तरीकों के बारे में जानकारी का साझा किया गया। स्थानीय स्तर पर भूमिगत पानी की उपलब्धता से संबंधित आंकड़ों की कमी को देखते हुए कार्यक्रम में किसानों को शामिल करके इस संदर्भ में आंकड़े एकत्र किए गए ताकि बेहतर नीति का निर्माण किया जा सके। 
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रिपोर्ट में कहा गया है कि कार्यक्रम की सफलता का आधार रहा सूचना, शिक्षा और सामाजिक लामबंदी को भागीदारी आधारित मॉडल की बुनियाद बनाना। इसके अतिरिक्त अन्य किसी मानक को कार्यक्रम में दिशा-निर्देशक के रुप में इस्तेमाल नहीं किया गया।
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</p>
<p style="line-height: normal" class="MsoNormal">
<span>Smallholders and sustainable wells -
A Retrospect: Participatory Groundwater Management in Andhra Pradesh (India) by
Samala Venkata, Govardhan Das and Jacob Burke (</span><span>2013)</span><span>, FAO, <a href="http://www.fao.org/docrep/018/i3320e/i3320e.pdf" title="http://www.fao.org/docrep/018/i3320e/i3320e.pdf">http://www.fao.org/docrep/018/i3320e/i3320e.pdf</a></span><span></span>
</p>
<p style="line-height: normal" class="MsoNormal">
<span>Managing the Invisible:
Understanding and Improving Groundwater Governance (</span><span>2012)-
</span><span>Marcus Wijnen, Benedicte Augeard,
Bradley Hiller, Christopher Ward and Patrick Huntjens,</span><span></span>
</p>
<p style="line-height: normal" class="MsoNormal">
<span><a href="http://water.worldbank.org/sites/water.worldbank.org/files/publication/ESW_Managing-the-invisible.pdf" title="http://water.worldbank.org/sites/water.worldbank.org/files/publication/ESW_Managing-the-invisible.pdf">http://water.worldbank.org/sites/water.worldbank.org/files<br />/publication/ESW_Managing-the-invisible.pdf</a></span>
</p>
<p style="line-height: normal" class="MsoNormal">
<span>A presentation by Tushar Shah of the
International Water Management Institute</span>
</p>
<p style="line-height: normal" class="MsoNormal">
<span><a href="http://www.slideshare.net/indiawaterportal/growing-role-of-groundwater-in-indian-irrigation-in-transition" title="http://www.slideshare.net/indiawaterportal/growing-role-of-groundwater-in-indian-irrigation-in-transition">http://www.slideshare.net/indiawaterportal/growing-role-of<br />-groundwater-in-indian-irrigation-in-transition</a></span><span></span>
</p>
<p style="line-height: normal" class="MsoNormal">
<span>Water: Towards a Paradigm Shift in
the Twelfth Plan -Mihir Shah, Economic and Political Weekly, Vol xlviiI </span><span>40</span><span>, No </span><span>3</span><span>, January </span><span>19</span><span>, </span><span>2013</span><span>,</span>
</p>
<p style="line-height: normal" class="MsoNormal">
<span><a href="http:/www.im4change.orghttps://im4change.in/siteadmin/tinymce/uploaded/Mihir%20shah.pdf" title="http:/www.im4change.orghttps://im4change.in/siteadmin/tinymce/uploaded/Mihir%20shah.pdf">http://www.im4change.org/siteadmin/http://www.im4change.or<br />ghttps://im4change.in/siteadmin/tinymce/uploaded/Mihir%20s<br />hah.pdf</a></span><span></span>
</p>
<p style="line-height: normal" class="MsoNormal">
<span>Bringing public participation to the
water table, CSIRO, </span><span>28</span><span>
March, </span><span>2013</span><span>,
<a href="http://www.csiro.au/en/Organisation-Structure/Divisions/Land-and-Water/Public-Participation-in-Water-Initiatives.aspx" title="http://www.csiro.au/en/Organisation-Structure/Divisions/Land-and-Water/Public-Participation-in-Water-Initiatives.aspx">http://www.csiro.au/en/Organisation-Structure/Divisions/La<br />nd-and-Water/Public-Participation-in-Water-Initiatives.asp<br />x</a></span>
</p>
<p style="line-height: normal" class="MsoNormal">
<span>The Central Groundwater Board's </span><span>2012</span><span> analysis,</span>
</p>
<p style="line-height: normal" class="MsoNormal">
<span><a href="http://cgwb.gov.in/documents/GROUND%20WATER%20LEVEL%20SCENARIO_November-12.pdf" title="http://cgwb.gov.in/documents/GROUND%20WATER%20LEVEL%20SCENARIO_November-12.pdf">http://cgwb.gov.in/documents/GROUND%20WATER%20LEVEL%20SCEN<br />ARIO_November-12.pdf</a></span><span></span>
</p>
<p style="line-height: normal" class="MsoNormal">
<span>Water in India: Situation and
Prospects (</span><span>2013)</span><span>,
UNICEF, FAO and SaciWATERs, <a href="https://im4change.in/docs/656water-in-india-report.pdf" title="https://im4change.in/docs/656water-in-india-report.pdf">http://www.im4change.org/docs/656water-in-india-report.pdf</a></span>
</p>
<p style="line-height: normal" class="MsoNormal">
<span>Towards Better Management of Ground
Water Resources in India - BM Jha and SK Sinha,</span>
</p>
<p style="line-height: normal" class="MsoNormal">
<span><a href="http://www.cgwb.gov.in/documents/papers/incidpapers/Paper%201-B.M.Jha.pdf" title="http://www.cgwb.gov.in/documents/papers/incidpapers/Paper%201-B.M.Jha.pdf">http://www.cgwb.gov.in/documents/papers/incidpapers/Paper%<br />201-B.M.Jha.pdf</a></span><span></span>
</p>
<p style="line-height: normal" class="MsoNormal">
<span>Water: India's Big Resource
Challenge,</span>
</p>
<p style="line-height: normal" class="MsoNormal">
<span><a href="https://im4change.in/news-alerts/water-indias-big-resource-challenge-20416.html" title="https://im4change.in/news-alerts/water-indias-big-resource-challenge-20416.html">http://www.im4change.org/news-alerts/water-indias-big-reso<br />urce-challenge-20416.html</a></span><span></span>
</p>
&nbsp;
<br />
<p>
&nbsp;
</p>                                                           
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                                                    <a  target="_blank" href="https://im4change.in/hindi/empowerment/विस्थापन-2851.html"
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                                                    <a  target="_blank" href="https://im4change.in/hindi/empowerment/नरेगा-39.html"
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                                                    <a  target="_blank" href="https://im4change.in/hindi/empowerment/जेंडर-2852.html"
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                                                    <a  target="_blank" href="https://im4change.in/hindi/empowerment/वनाधिकार-61.html"
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                                                    <a  target="_blank" href="https://im4change.in/hindi/empowerment/सोशल-ऑडिट-48.html"
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                                                    <a  target="_blank" href="https://im4change.in/hindi/hunger/poverty-and-inequality.html"
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                                                </p>
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                                                    <a  target="_blank" href="https://im4change.in/hindi/hunger/शिक्षा-50.html"
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                                                    <a  target="_blank" href="https://im4change.in/hindi/hunger/what-is-sdg-know-it-all.html"
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                                                                                                        <p style="padding-left:10px;">
                                                    <a  target="_blank" href="https://im4change.in/hindi/hunger/कुपोषण-41.html"
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                                                    <a  target="_blank" href="https://im4change.in/hindi/hunger/भुखमरी-एक-आकलन-40.html"
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                                                                                                        <p style="padding-left:10px;">
                                                    <a  target="_blank" href="https://im4change.in/hindi/hunger/मिड-डे-मील-एमडीएमएस-योजना-53.html"
                                                       class="left postionrel">मिड डे मील (एमडीएमएस) योजना                                                       </a>
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                                                    <a  target="_blank" href="https://im4change.in/hindi/environment/खेती-पर-असर-54.html"
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                                                </p>
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                                                    <a  target="_blank" href="https://im4change.in/hindi/law-and-justice/मानवाधिकार-56.html"
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                                                </p>
                                                                                                        <p style="padding-left:10px;">
                                                    <a  target="_blank" href="https://im4change.in/hindi/law-and-justice/भ्रष्टाचार-35.html"
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                                                </p>
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                                                    <a  target="_blank" href="https://im4change.in/hindi/law-and-justice/आपदा-और-राहत-49.html"
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भारत में कुल कृषि-भूमि का तकरीबन 45 फीसद हिस्सा सिंचित-भूमि की श्रेणी में आता है और इस भूमि के 50 फीसदी हिस्से पर सिंचाई भूमिगत जल के दोहन से होती है। ग्रामीण इलाके में पेयजल की कुल खपत में 85 फीसदी की हिस्सेदारी भूमिगत जल की है लेकिन वे दिन दूर नहीं जब पानी का यह संसाधन दुर्लभ हो जाएगा। समझदारी इसी में है कि भूमिगत जल को साझे की संपदा माना जाय ताकि भलाई एक की नहीं पूरे समुदाय की हो। भूमिगत जल-स्रोतों के नजदीक रहने वाले लोगों को इस पानी के स्वभाव और उसके अनूकूल प्रबंधन की समझ होती है ना कि उस दल-बल को जो समय-समय पर भागीदारी आधारित भूमिगत जल-प्रबंधन के नारे तले सरकारी दौरा करके अपने कर्तव्य की इतिश्री समझ लेता है। 
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एफएओ के एक नए अध्ययन(देखें नीचे दी गई लिंक) में भूमिगत जल के भागीदारीपरक प्रबंधन से संबंधित दो कार्यक्रमों का जायजा लिया गया है। ये कार्यक्रम 1990 के दशक के मध्यवर्ती सालों से लेकर 2010 तक चले और इस कार्यक्रम के केंद्र में छोटे-छोटे कुओं को रखा गया था। पेयजल या सिंचाई के लिए हर कुएं पर कुछ परिवार निर्भर थे। ये कार्यक्रम आंध्रप्रदेश के सूखा-प्रभावित 660 गांवों में चलाये गए और इनकी समाप्ति तक 20 हजार किसानों ने इसमें पानी के प्रबंधन से जुड़े अपने परंपरागत कौशल के जरिए इसमें भागीदारी की।
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ग्रामीण समुदाय के लिए पानी से जुड़े विज्ञान और तकनीक को सहज-सरल बनाना, किसानों के लिए वाटर स्कूल और सूचना-केंद्र बनाकर उन्हें अपने परंपरागत ज्ञान के उपयोग द्वारा जल-प्रबंधन में सक्षम बनाना साथ ही खेती-बाड़ी के लिए पानी की मांग में कमी लाने के तरीके बताने जैसी बातें इस कार्यक्रम का मुख्य आधार रहीं। फसल-चक्र में बदलाव, पानी का प्रभावकारी उपयोग तथा भूमि की नमी को बरकरार रखने के तरीकों के बारे में जानकारी का साझा किया गया। स्थानीय स्तर पर भूमिगत पानी की उपलब्धता से संबंधित आंकड़ों की कमी को देखते हुए कार्यक्रम में किसानों को शामिल करके इस संदर्भ में आंकड़े एकत्र किए गए ताकि बेहतर नीति का निर्माण किया जा सके। 
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<p>
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रिपोर्ट में कहा गया है कि कार्यक्रम की सफलता का आधार रहा सूचना, शिक्षा और सामाजिक लामबंदी को भागीदारी आधारित मॉडल की बुनियाद बनाना। इसके अतिरिक्त अन्य किसी मानक को कार्यक्रम में दिशा-निर्देशक के रुप में इस्तेमाल नहीं किया गया।
</p>
<p>
इस विषय पर विस्तार से जानकारी निम्नलिखित लिंक्स पर उपलब्ध है- 
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<span>Smallholders and sustainable wells -
A Retrospect: Participatory Groundwater Management in Andhra Pradesh (India) by
Samala Venkata, Govardhan Das and Jacob Burke (</span><span>2013)</span><span>, FAO, <a href="http://www.fao.org/docrep/018/i3320e/i3320e.pdf" title="http://www.fao.org/docrep/018/i3320e/i3320e.pdf">http://www.fao.org/docrep/018/i3320e/i3320e.pdf</a></span><span></span>
</p>
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<span>Managing the Invisible:
Understanding and Improving Groundwater Governance (</span><span>2012)-
</span><span>Marcus Wijnen, Benedicte Augeard,
Bradley Hiller, Christopher Ward and Patrick Huntjens,</span><span></span>
</p>
<p style="line-height: normal" class="MsoNormal">
<span><a href="http://water.worldbank.org/sites/water.worldbank.org/files/publication/ESW_Managing-the-invisible.pdf" title="http://water.worldbank.org/sites/water.worldbank.org/files/publication/ESW_Managing-the-invisible.pdf">http://water.worldbank.org/sites/water.worldbank.org/files<br />/publication/ESW_Managing-the-invisible.pdf</a></span>
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<span>A presentation by Tushar Shah of the
International Water Management Institute</span>
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<span><a href="http://www.slideshare.net/indiawaterportal/growing-role-of-groundwater-in-indian-irrigation-in-transition" title="http://www.slideshare.net/indiawaterportal/growing-role-of-groundwater-in-indian-irrigation-in-transition">http://www.slideshare.net/indiawaterportal/growing-role-of<br />-groundwater-in-indian-irrigation-in-transition</a></span><span></span>
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<span>Water: Towards a Paradigm Shift in
the Twelfth Plan -Mihir Shah, Economic and Political Weekly, Vol xlviiI </span><span>40</span><span>, No </span><span>3</span><span>, January </span><span>19</span><span>, </span><span>2013</span><span>,</span>
</p>
<p style="line-height: normal" class="MsoNormal">
<span><a href="http:/www.im4change.orghttps://im4change.in/siteadmin/tinymce/uploaded/Mihir%20shah.pdf" title="http:/www.im4change.orghttps://im4change.in/siteadmin/tinymce/uploaded/Mihir%20shah.pdf">http://www.im4change.org/siteadmin/http://www.im4change.or<br />ghttps://im4change.in/siteadmin/tinymce/uploaded/Mihir%20s<br />hah.pdf</a></span><span></span>
</p>
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<span>Bringing public participation to the
water table, CSIRO, </span><span>28</span><span>
March, </span><span>2013</span><span>,
<a href="http://www.csiro.au/en/Organisation-Structure/Divisions/Land-and-Water/Public-Participation-in-Water-Initiatives.aspx" title="http://www.csiro.au/en/Organisation-Structure/Divisions/Land-and-Water/Public-Participation-in-Water-Initiatives.aspx">http://www.csiro.au/en/Organisation-Structure/Divisions/La<br />nd-and-Water/Public-Participation-in-Water-Initiatives.asp<br />x</a></span>
</p>
<p style="line-height: normal" class="MsoNormal">
<span>The Central Groundwater Board's </span><span>2012</span><span> analysis,</span>
</p>
<p style="line-height: normal" class="MsoNormal">
<span><a href="http://cgwb.gov.in/documents/GROUND%20WATER%20LEVEL%20SCENARIO_November-12.pdf" title="http://cgwb.gov.in/documents/GROUND%20WATER%20LEVEL%20SCENARIO_November-12.pdf">http://cgwb.gov.in/documents/GROUND%20WATER%20LEVEL%20SCEN<br />ARIO_November-12.pdf</a></span><span></span>
</p>
<p style="line-height: normal" class="MsoNormal">
<span>Water in India: Situation and
Prospects (</span><span>2013)</span><span>,
UNICEF, FAO and SaciWATERs, <a href="https://im4change.in/docs/656water-in-india-report.pdf" title="https://im4change.in/docs/656water-in-india-report.pdf">http://www.im4change.org/docs/656water-in-india-report.pdf</a></span>
</p>
<p style="line-height: normal" class="MsoNormal">
<span>Towards Better Management of Ground
Water Resources in India - BM Jha and SK Sinha,</span>
</p>
<p style="line-height: normal" class="MsoNormal">
<span><a href="http://www.cgwb.gov.in/documents/papers/incidpapers/Paper%201-B.M.Jha.pdf" title="http://www.cgwb.gov.in/documents/papers/incidpapers/Paper%201-B.M.Jha.pdf">http://www.cgwb.gov.in/documents/papers/incidpapers/Paper%<br />201-B.M.Jha.pdf</a></span><span></span>
</p>
<p style="line-height: normal" class="MsoNormal">
<span>Water: India's Big Resource
Challenge,</span>
</p>
<p style="line-height: normal" class="MsoNormal">
<span><a href="https://im4change.in/news-alerts/water-indias-big-resource-challenge-20416.html" title="https://im4change.in/news-alerts/water-indias-big-resource-challenge-20416.html">http://www.im4change.org/news-alerts/water-indias-big-reso<br />urce-challenge-20416.html</a></span><span></span>
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भारत में कुल कृषि-भूमि का तकरीबन 45 फीसद हिस्सा सिंचित-भूमि की श्रेणी में आता है और इस भूमि के 50 फीसदी हिस्से पर सिंचाई भूमिगत जल के दोहन से होती है। ग्रामीण इलाके में पेयजल की कुल खपत में 85 फीसदी की हिस्सेदारी भूमिगत जल की है लेकिन वे दिन दूर नहीं जब पानी का यह संसाधन दुर्लभ हो जाएगा। समझदारी इसी में है कि भूमिगत जल को साझे की संपदा माना जाय ताकि भलाई एक की नहीं पूरे समुदाय की हो। भूमिगत जल-स्रोतों के नजदीक रहने वाले लोगों को इस पानी के स्वभाव और उसके अनूकूल प्रबंधन की समझ होती है ना कि उस दल-बल को जो समय-समय पर भागीदारी आधारित भूमिगत जल-प्रबंधन के नारे तले सरकारी दौरा करके अपने कर्तव्य की इतिश्री समझ लेता है। 
</p>
<p align="justify">
<br />
एफएओ के एक नए अध्ययन(देखें नीचे दी गई लिंक) में भूमिगत जल के भागीदारीपरक प्रबंधन से संबंधित दो कार्यक्रमों का जायजा लिया गया है। ये कार्यक्रम 1990 के दशक के मध्यवर्ती सालों से लेकर 2010 तक चले और इस कार्यक्रम के केंद्र में छोटे-छोटे कुओं को रखा गया था। पेयजल या सिंचाई के लिए हर कुएं पर कुछ परिवार निर्भर थे। ये कार्यक्रम आंध्रप्रदेश के सूखा-प्रभावित 660 गांवों में चलाये गए और इनकी समाप्ति तक 20 हजार किसानों ने इसमें पानी के प्रबंधन से जुड़े अपने परंपरागत कौशल के जरिए इसमें भागीदारी की।
</p>
<p align="justify">
<br />
ग्रामीण समुदाय के लिए पानी से जुड़े विज्ञान और तकनीक को सहज-सरल बनाना, किसानों के लिए वाटर स्कूल और सूचना-केंद्र बनाकर उन्हें अपने परंपरागत ज्ञान के उपयोग द्वारा जल-प्रबंधन में सक्षम बनाना साथ ही खेती-बाड़ी के लिए पानी की मांग में कमी लाने के तरीके बताने जैसी बातें इस कार्यक्रम का मुख्य आधार रहीं। फसल-चक्र में बदलाव, पानी का प्रभावकारी उपयोग तथा भूमि की नमी को बरकरार रखने के तरीकों के बारे में जानकारी का साझा किया गया। स्थानीय स्तर पर भूमिगत पानी की उपलब्धता से संबंधित आंकड़ों की कमी को देखते हुए कार्यक्रम में किसानों को शामिल करके इस संदर्भ में आंकड़े एकत्र किए गए ताकि बेहतर नीति का निर्माण किया जा सके। 
</p>
<p>
<br />
रिपोर्ट में कहा गया है कि कार्यक्रम की सफलता का आधार रहा सूचना, शिक्षा और सामाजिक लामबंदी को भागीदारी आधारित मॉडल की बुनियाद बनाना। इसके अतिरिक्त अन्य किसी मानक को कार्यक्रम में दिशा-निर्देशक के रुप में इस्तेमाल नहीं किया गया।
</p>
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इस विषय पर विस्तार से जानकारी निम्नलिखित लिंक्स पर उपलब्ध है- 
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</p>
<p style="line-height: normal" class="MsoNormal">
<span>Smallholders and sustainable wells -
A Retrospect: Participatory Groundwater Management in Andhra Pradesh (India) by
Samala Venkata, Govardhan Das and Jacob Burke (</span><span>2013)</span><span>, FAO, <a href="http://www.fao.org/docrep/018/i3320e/i3320e.pdf" title="http://www.fao.org/docrep/018/i3320e/i3320e.pdf">http://www.fao.org/docrep/018/i3320e/i3320e.pdf</a></span><span></span>
</p>
<p style="line-height: normal" class="MsoNormal">
<span>Managing the Invisible:
Understanding and Improving Groundwater Governance (</span><span>2012)-
</span><span>Marcus Wijnen, Benedicte Augeard,
Bradley Hiller, Christopher Ward and Patrick Huntjens,</span><span></span>
</p>
<p style="line-height: normal" class="MsoNormal">
<span><a href="http://water.worldbank.org/sites/water.worldbank.org/files/publication/ESW_Managing-the-invisible.pdf" title="http://water.worldbank.org/sites/water.worldbank.org/files/publication/ESW_Managing-the-invisible.pdf">http://water.worldbank.org/sites/water.worldbank.org/files<br />/publication/ESW_Managing-the-invisible.pdf</a></span>
</p>
<p style="line-height: normal" class="MsoNormal">
<span>A presentation by Tushar Shah of the
International Water Management Institute</span>
</p>
<p style="line-height: normal" class="MsoNormal">
<span><a href="http://www.slideshare.net/indiawaterportal/growing-role-of-groundwater-in-indian-irrigation-in-transition" title="http://www.slideshare.net/indiawaterportal/growing-role-of-groundwater-in-indian-irrigation-in-transition">http://www.slideshare.net/indiawaterportal/growing-role-of<br />-groundwater-in-indian-irrigation-in-transition</a></span><span></span>
</p>
<p style="line-height: normal" class="MsoNormal">
<span>Water: Towards a Paradigm Shift in
the Twelfth Plan -Mihir Shah, Economic and Political Weekly, Vol xlviiI </span><span>40</span><span>, No </span><span>3</span><span>, January </span><span>19</span><span>, </span><span>2013</span><span>,</span>
</p>
<p style="line-height: normal" class="MsoNormal">
<span><a href="http:/www.im4change.orghttps://im4change.in/siteadmin/tinymce/uploaded/Mihir%20shah.pdf" title="http:/www.im4change.orghttps://im4change.in/siteadmin/tinymce/uploaded/Mihir%20shah.pdf">http://www.im4change.org/siteadmin/http://www.im4change.or<br />ghttps://im4change.in/siteadmin/tinymce/uploaded/Mihir%20s<br />hah.pdf</a></span><span></span>
</p>
<p style="line-height: normal" class="MsoNormal">
<span>Bringing public participation to the
water table, CSIRO, </span><span>28</span><span>
March, </span><span>2013</span><span>,
<a href="http://www.csiro.au/en/Organisation-Structure/Divisions/Land-and-Water/Public-Participation-in-Water-Initiatives.aspx" title="http://www.csiro.au/en/Organisation-Structure/Divisions/Land-and-Water/Public-Participation-in-Water-Initiatives.aspx">http://www.csiro.au/en/Organisation-Structure/Divisions/La<br />nd-and-Water/Public-Participation-in-Water-Initiatives.asp<br />x</a></span>
</p>
<p style="line-height: normal" class="MsoNormal">
<span>The Central Groundwater Board's </span><span>2012</span><span> analysis,</span>
</p>
<p style="line-height: normal" class="MsoNormal">
<span><a href="http://cgwb.gov.in/documents/GROUND%20WATER%20LEVEL%20SCENARIO_November-12.pdf" title="http://cgwb.gov.in/documents/GROUND%20WATER%20LEVEL%20SCENARIO_November-12.pdf">http://cgwb.gov.in/documents/GROUND%20WATER%20LEVEL%20SCEN<br />ARIO_November-12.pdf</a></span><span></span>
</p>
<p style="line-height: normal" class="MsoNormal">
<span>Water in India: Situation and
Prospects (</span><span>2013)</span><span>,
UNICEF, FAO and SaciWATERs, <a href="https://im4change.in/docs/656water-in-india-report.pdf" title="https://im4change.in/docs/656water-in-india-report.pdf">http://www.im4change.org/docs/656water-in-india-report.pdf</a></span>
</p>
<p style="line-height: normal" class="MsoNormal">
<span>Towards Better Management of Ground
Water Resources in India - BM Jha and SK Sinha,</span>
</p>
<p style="line-height: normal" class="MsoNormal">
<span><a href="http://www.cgwb.gov.in/documents/papers/incidpapers/Paper%201-B.M.Jha.pdf" title="http://www.cgwb.gov.in/documents/papers/incidpapers/Paper%201-B.M.Jha.pdf">http://www.cgwb.gov.in/documents/papers/incidpapers/Paper%<br />201-B.M.Jha.pdf</a></span><span></span>
</p>
<p style="line-height: normal" class="MsoNormal">
<span>Water: India's Big Resource
Challenge,</span>
</p>
<p style="line-height: normal" class="MsoNormal">
<span><a href="https://im4change.in/news-alerts/water-indias-big-resource-challenge-20416.html" title="https://im4change.in/news-alerts/water-indias-big-resource-challenge-20416.html">http://www.im4change.org/news-alerts/water-indias-big-reso<br />urce-challenge-20416.html</a></span><span></span>
</p>
&nbsp;
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स्थानीयता की ताकत- एफएओ की नई रिपोर्ट

Published on Jun 27, 2013   Modified on Jun 27, 2013

भारत में कुल कृषि-भूमि का तकरीबन 45 फीसद हिस्सा सिंचित-भूमि की श्रेणी में आता है और इस भूमि के 50 फीसदी हिस्से पर सिंचाई भूमिगत जल के दोहन से होती है। ग्रामीण इलाके में पेयजल की कुल खपत में 85 फीसदी की हिस्सेदारी भूमिगत जल की है लेकिन वे दिन दूर नहीं जब पानी का यह संसाधन दुर्लभ हो जाएगा। समझदारी इसी में है कि भूमिगत जल को साझे की संपदा माना जाय ताकि भलाई एक की नहीं पूरे समुदाय की हो। भूमिगत जल-स्रोतों के नजदीक रहने वाले लोगों को इस पानी के स्वभाव और उसके अनूकूल प्रबंधन की समझ होती है ना कि उस दल-बल को जो समय-समय पर भागीदारी आधारित भूमिगत जल-प्रबंधन के नारे तले सरकारी दौरा करके अपने कर्तव्य की इतिश्री समझ लेता है। एफएओ के एक नए अध्ययन(देखें नीचे दी गई लिंक) में भूमिगत जल के भागीदारीपरक प्रबंधन से संबंधित दो कार्यक्रमों का जायजा लिया गया है। ये कार्यक्रम 1990 के दशक के मध्यवर्ती सालों से लेकर 2010 तक चले और इस कार्यक्रम के केंद्र में छोटे-छोटे कुओं को रखा गया था। पेयजल या सिंचाई के लिए हर कुएं पर कुछ परिवार निर्भर थे। ये कार्यक्रम आंध्रप्रदेश के सूखा-प्रभावित 660 गांवों में चलाये गए और इनकी समाप्ति तक 20 हजार किसानों ने इसमें पानी के प्रबंधन से जुड़े अपने परंपरागत कौशल के जरिए इसमें भागीदारी की। ग्रामीण समुदाय के लिए पानी से जुड़े विज्ञान और तकनीक को सहज-सरल बनाना, किसानों के लिए वाटर स्कूल और सूचना-केंद्र बनाकर उन्हें अपने परंपरागत ज्ञान के उपयोग द्वारा जल-प्रबंधन में सक्षम बनाना साथ ही खेती-बाड़ी के लिए पानी की मांग में कमी लाने के तरीके बताने जैसी बातें इस कार्यक्रम का मुख्य आधार रहीं। फसल-चक्र में बदलाव, पानी का प्रभावकारी उपयोग तथा भूमि की नमी को बरकरार रखने के तरीकों के बारे में जानकारी का साझा किया गया। स्थानीय स्तर पर भूमिगत पानी की उपलब्धता से संबंधित आंकड़ों की कमी को देखते हुए कार्यक्रम में किसानों को शामिल करके इस संदर्भ में आंकड़े एकत्र किए गए ताकि बेहतर नीति का निर्माण किया जा सके। रिपोर्ट में कहा गया है कि कार्यक्रम की सफलता का आधार रहा सूचना, शिक्षा और सामाजिक लामबंदी को भागीदारी आधारित मॉडल की बुनियाद बनाना। इसके अतिरिक्त अन्य किसी मानक को कार्यक्रम में दिशा-निर्देशक के रुप में इस्तेमाल नहीं किया गया। इस विषय पर विस्तार से जानकारी निम्नलिखित लिंक्स पर उपलब्ध है- Smallholders and sustainable wells - A Retrospect: Participatory Groundwater Management in Andhra Pradesh (India) by Samala Venkata, Govardhan Das and Jacob Burke (2013), FAO, http://www.fao.org/docrep/018/i3320e/i3320e.pdf Managing the Invisible: Understanding and Improving Groundwater Governance (2012)- Marcus Wijnen, Benedicte Augeard, Bradley Hiller, Christopher Ward and Patrick Huntjens, http://water.worldbank.org/sites/water.worldbank.org/files /publication/ESW_Managing-the-invisible.pdf A presentation by Tushar Shah of the International Water Management Institute http://www.slideshare.net/indiawaterportal/growing-role-of -groundwater-in-indian-irrigation-in-transition Water: Towards a Paradigm Shift in the Twelfth Plan -Mihir Shah, Economic and Political Weekly, Vol xlviiI 40, No 3, January 19, 2013, http://www.im4change.org/siteadmin/http://www.im4change.or ghttps://im4change.in/siteadmin/tinymce/uploaded/Mihir%20s hah.pdf Bringing public participation to the water table, CSIRO, 28 March, 2013, http://www.csiro.au/en/Organisation-Structure/Divisions/La nd-and-Water/Public-Participation-in-Water-Initiatives.asp x The Central Groundwater Board's 2012 analysis, http://cgwb.gov.in/documents/GROUND%20WATER%20LEVEL%20SCEN ARIO_November-12.pdf Water in India: Situation and Prospects (2013), UNICEF, FAO and SaciWATERs, http://www.im4change.org/docs/656water-in-india-report.pdf Towards Better Management of Ground Water Resources in India - BM Jha and SK Sinha, http://www.cgwb.gov.in/documents/papers/incidpapers/Paper% 201-B.M.Jha.pdf Water: India's Big Resource Challenge, http://www.im4change.org/news-alerts/water-indias-big-reso urce-challenge-20416.html

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