Deprecated (16384): The ArrayAccess methods will be removed in 4.0.0.Use getParam(), getData() and getQuery() instead. - /home/brlfuser/public_html/src/Controller/FrontendCatController.php, line: 30
You can disable deprecation warnings by setting `Error.errorLevel` to `E_ALL & ~E_USER_DEPRECATED` in your config/app.php. [CORE/src/Core/functions.php, line 311]
deprecationWarning - CORE/src/Core/functions.php, line 311
Cake\Http\ServerRequest::offsetGet() - CORE/src/Http/ServerRequest.php, line 2421
App\Controller\FrontendCatController::index() - APP/Controller/FrontendCatController.php, line 30
Cake\Controller\Controller::invokeAction() - CORE/src/Controller/Controller.php, line 610
Cake\Http\ActionDispatcher::_invoke() - CORE/src/Http/ActionDispatcher.php, line 120
Cake\Http\ActionDispatcher::dispatch() - CORE/src/Http/ActionDispatcher.php, line 94
Cake\Http\BaseApplication::__invoke() - CORE/src/Http/BaseApplication.php, line 235
Cake\Http\Runner::__invoke() - CORE/src/Http/Runner.php, line 65
Cake\Routing\Middleware\RoutingMiddleware::__invoke() - CORE/src/Routing/Middleware/RoutingMiddleware.php, line 162
Cake\Http\Runner::__invoke() - CORE/src/Http/Runner.php, line 65
Cake\Routing\Middleware\AssetMiddleware::__invoke() - CORE/src/Routing/Middleware/AssetMiddleware.php, line 88
Cake\Http\Runner::__invoke() - CORE/src/Http/Runner.php, line 65
Cake\Error\Middleware\ErrorHandlerMiddleware::__invoke() - CORE/src/Error/Middleware/ErrorHandlerMiddleware.php, line 96
Cake\Http\Runner::__invoke() - CORE/src/Http/Runner.php, line 65
Cake\Http\Runner::run() - CORE/src/Http/Runner.php, line 51
Cake\Http\Server::run() - CORE/src/Http/Server.php, line 98
Warning (2): Invalid argument supplied for foreach() [APP/Controller/FrontendCatController.php, line 386]
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$metaTitle = 'चर्चा में.... | केन्द्रीय बजट 2021-22 में वित्तीय पारदर्शिता से खर्च के आंकड़ों पर असर! '
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$article = object(App\Model\Entity\Article) {
'id' => (int) 58565,
'title' => 'केन्द्रीय बजट 2021-22 में वित्तीय पारदर्शिता से खर्च के आंकड़ों पर असर! ',
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'description' => '<p><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-size:10.0pt">केंद्रीय बजट </span>2021-22<span style="font-size:10.0pt"> को </span>'<span style="font-size:10.0pt">पारदर्शी</span>' <span style="font-size:10.0pt">क्यों कहा जा रहा है</span>, <span style="font-size:10.0pt">इसको समझने के लिए साल </span>2021-26<span style="font-size:10.0pt"> के लिए </span><a href="https://www.im4change.org/upload/files/XVFC%20VOL%20I%20Main%20Report.pdf">15</a><span style="font-size:10.0pt"><a href="https://www.im4change.org/upload/files/XVFC%20VOL%20I%20Main%20Report.pdf">वें वित्त</a> आयोग की <a href="https://www.im4change.org/upload/files/XVFC%20VOL%20I%20Main%20Report.pdf">मुख्य रिपोर्ट</a> और केंद्रीय बजट </span>2021-22<span style="font-size:10.0pt"> को एक साथ पढ़ा जाना चाहिए. लेकिन पहले</span>,<span style="font-size:10.0pt"> हम</span> '<span style="font-size:10.0pt">उर्वरक सब्सिडी</span>' <span style="font-size:10.0pt">के बारे में चर्चा करते हैं.</span></span></span></p>
<p><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-size:10.0pt">केंद्रीय बजट </span>2021-22<span style="font-size:10.0pt"> के <a href="https://www.im4change.org/upload/files/Expenditure%20of%20Major%20Items%202021-22%281%29.pdf">बजट दस्तावेज</a> बताते हैं कि </span>'<span style="font-size:10.0pt">उर्वरक सब्सिडी</span>' <span style="font-size:10.0pt">पर खर्च साल </span>2020-21<span style="font-size:10.0pt"> में </span>1,33,947<span style="font-size:10.0pt"> करोड़ रुपए (संशोधित अनुमान) से घटाकर साल </span>2021-22 (<span style="font-size:10.0pt">बजट अनुमान) में </span>79,530<span style="font-size:10.0pt"> करोड़ रूपए कर दिया है. हालांकि</span>, <span style="font-size:10.0pt">उर्वरक सब्सिडी </span>’<span style="font-size:10.0pt">पर बजटीय आवंटन </span>2020-21 (B.E.) <span style="font-size:10.0pt">में </span>71,309<span style="font-size:10.0pt"> करोड़ रुपए था</span>, <span style="font-size:10.0pt">जो </span>2020-21<span style="font-size:10.0pt"> के संशोधित अनुमान के आंकड़े का लगभग आधा है. बजटीय आवंटन</span> <span style="font-size:10.0pt">(</span>B.E<span style="font-size:10.0pt">)</span><span style="font-size:10.0pt"> और संशोधित अनुमान </span>(R.E.)<span style="font-size:10.0pt"> के बीच इतना बड़ा अंतर</span> 2020-21<span style="font-size:10.0pt"> में </span>'<span style="font-size:10.0pt">उर्वरक सब्सिडी</span>' <span style="font-size:10.0pt">पर खर्च के आंकड़े लेखांकन प्रथा में परिवर्तन के कारण हुआ [जैसा कि भारत के नियंत्रक और महालेखा परीक्षक (</span>CAG) <span style="font-size:10.0pt">और </span>15<span style="font-size:10.0pt"> वें वित्त आयोग</span>, <span style="font-size:10.0pt">अन्य लोगों के बीच) और </span>'<span style="font-size:10.0pt">ऑफ-बजट वित्तपोषण</span>' <span style="font-size:10.0pt">मोड में बदलाव कर खर्च के अधिक पारदर्शी तरीके अपनाने की वजह से हुआ. </span></span></span></p>
<p><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-size:10.0pt">यहां यह गौरतलब है कि केंद्र सरकार ने</span> <span style="font-size:10.0pt">उर्वरक सब्सिडी </span>’<span style="font-size:10.0pt">से होने वाली उर्वरक कंपनियों की लिक्विडिटी आवश्यकताओं को पूरा करने के लिए विशेष बैंकिंग व्यवस्था (</span>SBA) <span style="font-size:10.0pt">का सहारा लिया</span>, <span style="font-size:10.0pt">जिसकी घोषणा हर साल के केंद्रीय बजट में की जाती है. </span>2021-26<span style="font-size:10.0pt"> के लिए </span>15<span style="font-size:10.0pt"> वें वित्त आयोग की <a href="https://www.im4change.org/upload/files/XVFC%20VOL%20I%20Main%20Report.pdf">मुख्य रिपोर्ट</a></span>, <span style="font-size:10.0pt">जो </span>1<span style="font-size:10.0pt"> फरवरी</span>, 2021<span style="font-size:10.0pt"> को संसद में पेश की गई थी</span>, <span style="font-size:10.0pt">बताती है कि विशेष बैंकिंग व्यवस्था (</span>SBA) <span style="font-size:10.0pt">सार्वजनिक क्षेत्र के बैंकों से बजट आवंटन और वित्तीय वर्ष की समाप्ति के दौरान वास्तविक राशि में बेमेल को खत्म करने के लिए अल्पकालिक ऋण है. केंद्र सरकार जी-सेक दर पर बैंकों को ब्याज का भुगतान करती है और जी-सेक दर से ऊपर का ब्याज उर्वरक कंपनियों द्वारा वहन किया जाता है. मार्च </span>2020<span style="font-size:10.0pt"> तक उर्वरक सब्सिडी से संबंधित अतिरिक्त बजटीय संसाधनों का स्टॉक लगभग </span>40,000<span style="font-size:10.0pt"> करोड़ रुपए था.</span></span></span></p>
<p><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-size:10.0pt">इसके अलावा</span>, '<span style="font-size:10.0pt">भोजन सब्सिडी</span>' <span style="font-size:10.0pt">पर चर्चा करना भी जरूरी है. </span>2021-22 <span style="font-size:10.0pt">के लिए जारी <a href="https://www.im4change.org/upload/files/Expenditure%20of%20Major%20Items%202021-22%281%29.pdf">बजट दस्तावेजों</a> से संकेत मिलता है कि </span>'<span style="font-size:10.0pt">खाद्य सब्सिडी</span>' <span style="font-size:10.0pt">पर खर्च साल </span>2020-21 <span style="font-size:10.0pt">में </span>4,22,618 <span style="font-size:10.0pt">करोड़ रुपये (</span>R.E.)<span style="font-size:10.0pt"> से घटाकर 2021-22 </span><span style="font-size:10.0pt">(</span>B.E<span style="font-size:10.0pt">)</span><span style="font-size:10.0pt"> में बजटीय आवंटन </span>2,42,836 <span style="font-size:10.0pt">करोड़ रुपए कर दिया गया है. साल </span>2020-21 (B.E.) <span style="font-size:10.0pt">में </span>'<span style="font-size:10.0pt">खाद्य सब्सिडी</span>' <span style="font-size:10.0pt">पर बजटीय आंवटन </span>1,15,570 <span style="font-size:10.0pt">करोड़ रुपए था</span>, <span style="font-size:10.0pt">जो कि </span>2020-21 <span style="font-size:10.0pt">के लिए संशोधित अनुमान आंकड़े का लगभग एक चौथाई है. बजटीय आवंटन</span> <span style="font-size:10.0pt">(</span>B.E<span style="font-size:10.0pt">)</span><span style="font-size:10.0pt"> और संशोधित अनुमान </span>(R.E.)<span style="font-size:10.0pt"> के बीच इतना बड़ा अंतर</span> 2020-21 <span style="font-size:10.0pt">में </span>'<span style="font-size:10.0pt">खाद्य सब्सिडी</span>' <span style="font-size:10.0pt">पर खर्च के आंकड़े भी लेखांकन अभ्यास में परिवर्तन के कारण हुए</span>, <span style="font-size:10.0pt">और </span>'<span style="font-size:10.0pt">अतिरिक्त-बजटीय उधार</span>' <span style="font-size:10.0pt">मोड में बदलाव कर खर्च के अधिक पारदर्शी तरीके अपनाने की वजह से हुआ. </span></span></span></p>
<p><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-size:10.0pt">2021-26 के लिए 15वें वित्त आयोग की रिपोर्ट में उल्लेख किया गया है कि भारतीय खाद्य निगम (</span>FCI) <span style="font-size:10.0pt">बॉन्ड</span>, <span style="font-size:10.0pt">असुरक्षित अल्पकालिक ऋण और केंद्र सरकार द्वारा दिए जाने वाले राष्ट्रीय लघु बचत निधि (</span>NSSF) <span style="font-size:10.0pt">ऋण</span> <span style="font-size:10.0pt">जैसे कई उपकरणों पर निर्भर करता है ताकि </span>'<span style="font-size:10.0pt">खाद्य सब्सिडी</span>' <span style="font-size:10.0pt">के लिए बजटीय आवंटन में घाटे को कवर कर सके. यहां यह ध्यान दिया जाना चाहिए कि मार्च 2020 तक एफसीआई पर एनएसएसएफ ऋण का बकाया स्टॉक लगभग 3.2 लाख करोड़ रुपए है.</span></span></span></p>
<p><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-size:10.0pt">इसलिए</span>, <span style="font-size:10.0pt">2020-21 में बजटीय आवंटन</span> <span style="font-size:10.0pt">(</span>B.E<span style="font-size:10.0pt">)</span><span style="font-size:10.0pt"> (यानी 30</span>,<span style="font-size:10.0pt">42</span>,<span style="font-size:10.0pt">230 करोड़ रु) और संशोधित अनुमान </span>(R.E.)<span style="font-size:10.0pt"> (यानी 34</span>,<span style="font-size:10.0pt">50</span>,<span style="font-size:10.0pt">305 करोड़ रुपए) कुल सरकारी खर्च से संबंधित </span><span style="font-size:10.0pt">आकंड़ों के बीच इतना बड़ा अंतर</span><span style="font-size:10.0pt"> (यानी लगभग 4</span>,<span style="font-size:10.0pt">08</span>,<span style="font-size:10.0pt">075 करोड़ रुपए)</span> <span style="font-size:10.0pt">केंद्र सरकार द्वारा अपनी योजनाओं/कार्यक्रमों के वित्तपोषण के लिए अधिक पारदर्शी तरीके अपनाने और </span>'<span style="font-size:10.0pt">ऑफ-बजट वित्तपोषण</span>' <span style="font-size:10.0pt">पर भरोसा करने के बजाय इसके राजकोषीय घाटे की रिपोर्ट करने की वजह से आया.</span></span></span></p>
<p><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif">---</span></span></p>
<p><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><iframe allow="accelerometer; autoplay; clipboard-write; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture" allowfullscreen="" frameborder="0" height="315" src="https://www.youtube.com/embed/94aOjakOCD0" width="560"></iframe></span></span></p>
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<p><strong><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif">2021-26<span style="font-size:10.0pt"> के लिए </span>15<span style="font-size:10.0pt">वें वित्त आयोग की रिपोर्ट द्वारा की गई सिफारिशें</span></span></span></strong></p>
<p><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-size:10.0pt">तालिका -</span>1<span style="font-size:10.0pt"> से पता चलता है कि भारत के सकल घरेलू उत्पाद (जीडीपी) में केंद्र सरकार के अतिरिक्त-बजटीय संसाधनों का अनुपात </span>2016-17<span style="font-size:10.0pt"> और </span>2020-21 (B.E) <span style="font-size:10.0pt">के बीच </span>0.1<span style="font-size:10.0pt"> प्रतिशत से बढ़कर </span>0.8<span style="font-size:10.0pt"> प्रतिशत हो गया है. </span>2021-26<span style="font-size:10.0pt"> के लिए </span>15<span style="font-size:10.0pt">वें वित्त आयोग की मुख्य रिपोर्ट में कहा गया है कि केंद्र सरकार ईबीआर की सूचना देने के अलावा अगले वर्ष तक के खर्चों को टालने के तौर पर ऑफ-बजट फाइनेंसिंग (जिसका विवरण पहले दिया जा चुका है) का सहारा ले रही है</span>.<span style="font-size:10.0pt"> केंद्र सरकार ने राजकोषीय खातों की विश्वसनीयता को बहाल करने के लिए </span>2019-20<span style="font-size:10.0pt"> से मध्यम अवधि की राजकोषीय नीति विवरण में अतिरिक्त बजटीय संसाधनों का विवरण शामिल करना शुरू किया.</span></span></span></p>
<p><strong><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-size:10.0pt">तालिका </span>1: <span style="font-size:10.0pt">केंद्र सरकार का बकाया ऋण</span> <span style="font-size:10.0pt">(</span>GDP <span style="font-size:10.0pt">का प्रतिशत)</span></span></span></strong></p>
<p><img alt="" src="https://www.im4change.org/upload/images/Table%201%20Outstanding%20Liabilities%20of%20the%20Union%20Government%20as%20a%20percentage%20of%20GDP.jpg" /></p>
<p><em><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-size:10.0pt">स्रोत: </span>1 <span style="font-size:10.0pt">फरवरी</span>, 2021 <span style="font-size:10.0pt">को संसद के सामने प्रस्तुत की गई </span>2021-26<span style="font-size:10.0pt"> के लिए </span>15<span style="font-size:10.0pt">वें वित्त आयोग की मुख्य रिपोर्ट</span>, <span style="font-size:10.0pt">अक्टूबर </span>2020, <span style="font-size:10.0pt">देखने के लिए </span><span style="font-size:10.0pt">कृपया <a href="https://www.im4change.org/upload/files/XVFC%20VOL%20I%20Main%20Report.pdf">यहां क्लिक करें</a></span></span></span></em></p>
<p><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif">---</span></span></p>
<p><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-size:10.0pt">इससे पहले भारत की संस्था कैग ने साल 2018 की अपनी रिपोर्ट नं20 में केंद्र सरकार द्वारा राजकोषीय उत्तरदायित्व और बजट प्रबंधन अधिनियम के अनुपालन पर केंद्र सरकार द्वारा ऑफ-बजट वित्तपोषण की गड़बड़ियों के बारे में बताया था. एनएसएसएफ के माध्यम से एफसीआई को वित्त पोषण सब्सिडी देने के लिए अल्पकालिक उधार लेने की प्रथा को खत्म करने और हाल ही में जारी वित्त आयोग की <a href="https://www.im4change.org/upload/files/XVFC%20VOL%20I%20Main%20Report.pdf">रिपोर्ट </a>की सिफारिश करने के लिए खर्च के वर्ष में पूर्ण बजटीय प्रावधान किए जाने की आवश्यकता है. यह बताता है कि मौजूदा लेनदेन से उत्पन्न होने वाले खर्च को अतिरिक्त-बजटीय लेनदेन के संचित ऋणों से अलग करने की आवश्यकता है. केंद्र सरकार द्वारा प्रशासनिक और शासन सुधारों के माध्यम से अतिरिक्त संसाधन जुटाने की आवश्यकता है ताकि बकाया देनदारियों को दूर करने के लिए दुर्लभ संसाधन जारी किए जा सकें.</span> <span style="font-size:10.0pt">खाद्य सब्सिडी </span>’<span style="font-size:10.0pt">और</span> <span style="font-size:10.0pt">उर्वरक सब्सिडी</span>’ <span style="font-size:10.0pt">दोनों के मामले में</span>, <span style="font-size:10.0pt">यह सुझाव दिया गया है कि केंद्र सरकार को समयबद्ध तरीके से अतिरिक्त बजटीय संसाधनों पर निर्भरता को समाप्त करने के लिए मूल्य निर्धारण और प्रशासनिक/शासन सुधार करना चाहिए. </span>2018<span style="font-size:10.0pt"> के संशोधित राजकोषीय उत्तरदायित्व और बजट प्रबंधन अधिनियम के अनुसार</span>, <span style="font-size:10.0pt">कमी और ऋण की पारदर्शी रूप से रिपोर्ट करने की आवश्यकता है.</span></span></span></p>
<p><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-size:10.0pt">नई जारी </span>15<span style="font-size:10.0pt">वीं वित्त आयोग की रिपोर्ट में केंद्र सरकार को ऐसे उपायों को शुरू करने के लिए एक उचित योजना बनाने की सलाह दी गई है</span>, <span style="font-size:10.0pt">जो समयबद्ध तरीके से बकाया अतिरिक्त बजटीय देनदारियों की अदायगी सुनिश्चित करेगी. संशोधित </span>FRBM <span style="font-size:10.0pt">अधिनियम में </span>'<span style="font-size:10.0pt">केंद्र सरकार ऋण</span>' <span style="font-size:10.0pt">की परिभाषा को</span>, 2021-26<span style="font-size:10.0pt"> के लिए </span>15<span style="font-size:10.0pt">वें वित्त आयोग की नवीनतम उपलब्ध रिपोर्ट में उल्लेख किया गया है कि केन्द्र और राज्यों के खातों में सभी सरकारी संस्थाओं और एजेंसियों / निगमों के ऋण शामिल होने चाहिए जो सार्वजनिक रूप से वितरित करते हैं केन्द्र या राज्य सरकारों की ओर से सेवाएँ</span>, <span style="font-size:10.0pt">जिनमें सभी स्वायत्त निकाय</span>, <span style="font-size:10.0pt">पैरास्टैटल्स</span>, <span style="font-size:10.0pt">और संघ और राज्य-स्तरों पर अतिरिक्त-बजटीय निधि शामिल हैं.</span></span></span></p>
<p><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif">2021-26 <span style="font-size:10.0pt">के लिए</span> 15 <span style="font-size:10.0pt">वें आयोग आयोग की मुख्य रिपोर्ट में कहा गया है कि अंतर्राष्ट्रीय अनुभव से पता चलता है कि सरकार के सभी स्तरों पर अप्रभावी निगरानी से उत्पन्न हुए जोखिमों</span>, <span style="font-size:10.0pt">विशेष रूप से उप-राष्ट्रीय सरकारों और </span>'<span style="font-size:10.0pt">सार्वजनिक क्षेत्र</span>' <span style="font-size:10.0pt">के अतिरिक्त बजटीय उधार ने वित्तीय संकटों को समय-समय पर ट्रिगर किया है.</span></span></span></p>
<p><strong><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-size:10.0pt">ईबीआर और एनएसएसएफ से ऋण के बारे में केंद्रीय बजट क्या कहता है</span>?</span></span></strong></p>
<p><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-size:10.0pt">वित्त मंत्री के बजट भाषण से पता चलता है कि भारत सरकार की योजनाओं/कार्यक्रमों के वित्तपोषण के लिए केंद्र सरकार की एजेंसियों की उधारी से संबंधित आंकड़े प्रदान करने के अलावा</span>, <span style="font-size:10.0pt">और जिनके पुनर्भुगतान का बोझ सरकार पर था</span>, <span style="font-size:10.0pt">सरकार द्वारा प्रदान किए गए </span>FCI <span style="font-size:10.0pt">को ऋण के बारे में नवीनतम बजट में भी खुलासा किया गया है.</span></span></span></p>
<p><strong><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-size:10.0pt">तालिका 2 (ए): अतिरिक्त-बजटीय संसाधनों (ईबीआर) का विवरण (सरकार पूरी तरह से सेवित बांड</span>, <span style="font-size:10.0pt">एनएसएसएफ ऋण और अन्य संसाधन)</span></span></span></strong></p>
<p><img alt="" src="https://www.im4change.org/upload/images/Table%202a%20Statement%20of%20Extra%20Budgetary%20Resources.jpg" /></p>
<p><em><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-size:10.0pt">स्रोत: केंद्रीय बजट 2021-22, 1 फरवरी</span>, <span style="font-size:10.0pt">2021 का भाषण</span>, <span style="font-size:10.0pt">देखने के लिए </span><span style="font-size:10.0pt">कृपया <a href="https://www.im4change.org/upload/files/Budget_Speech%20delivered%20on%201%20Feb%202021.pdf">यहाँ क्लिक करें.</a></span></span></span></em></p>
<p><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-size:10.0pt">-</span></span></span></p>
<p><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-size:10.0pt">एक्स्ट्रा-बजटरी रिसोर्सेज (यानी टेबल -2 ए) का स्टेटमेंट बताता है कि सरकार द्वारा पूरी तरह से सेवित बॉन्ड जारी करने के जरिए जुटाई गई ईबीआर 2016-17 में 9,167.00 करोड़ रुपए, 2017-18 में 15,095.00 करोड़ रुपए, 2018-19 में 65,602.10 करोड़ रुपए, 2019-20 में 22,006.30 करोड़ रुपए, 2020-21 में 31,459.29 करोड़ रुपए (</span>R.E.)<span style="font-size:10.0pt"> और 2021-22 (</span>B.E.) <span style="font-size:10.0pt">में शून्य है.</span></span></span></p>
<p><strong><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-size:10.0pt">तालिका 2 (बी): एनएसएसएफ से ऋण के माध्यम से विस्तारित वित्तीय सहायता (रुपए करोड़ में)</span></span></span></strong></p>
<p><img alt="" src="https://www.im4change.org/upload/images/Table%202b%20Financial%20support%20extended%20through%20loans%20from%20NSSF.jpg" /></p>
<p><em><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-size:10.0pt">स्रोत: केंद्रीय बजट 2021-22, 1 फरवरी</span>, <span style="font-size:10.0pt">2021 का भाषण</span>, <span style="font-size:10.0pt">देखने के लिए </span><span style="font-size:10.0pt">कृपया <a href="https://www.im4change.org/upload/files/Budget_Speech%20delivered%20on%201%20Feb%202021.pdf">यहाँ क्लिक करें. </a></span></span></span></em></p>
<p><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif">---</span></span></p>
<p><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-size:10.0pt">तालिका -2 बी से पता चलता है कि एनएसएसएफ से ऋण के माध्यम से विस्तारित वित्तीय सहायता 2016-17 में 70</span>,<span style="font-size:10.0pt">000.00 करोड़ रुपए, 2017-18 में 73</span>,<span style="font-size:10.0pt">000.00 करोड़ रुपए, 2018-19 में 97</span>,<span style="font-size:10.0pt">000.00 करोड़ रुपए, 2019-20 में 1</span>,<span style="font-size:10.0pt">26</span>,<span style="font-size:10.0pt">310.00</span> <span style="font-size:10.0pt">रुपए, 2020-21 (</span>R.E.) <span style="font-size:10.0pt">में 94</span>,<span style="font-size:10.0pt">636.00 करोड़ रुपए और 2021-22 (</span>B.E.) <span style="font-size:10.0pt">में 30</span>,<span style="font-size:10.0pt">000.00 करोड़ रुपए थी. ईबीआर और एनएसएसएफ से ऋण के माध्यम से कुल समर्थन रुपए 2016-17 में 79</span>,<span style="font-size:10.0pt">167.00 करोड़ रुपए, 2017-18 में 88</span>,<span style="font-size:10.0pt">095.00 करोड़ रुपए, 2018-19 में 1</span>,<span style="font-size:10.0pt">62</span>,<span style="font-size:10.0pt">602.10 करोड़ रुपए, 2019-20 में 1</span>,<span style="font-size:10.0pt">48</span>,<span style="font-size:10.0pt">316.13 करोड़ रुपए, 2020-21 (</span>R.E.) <span style="font-size:10.0pt">में 1</span>,<span style="font-size:10.0pt">26</span>,<span style="font-size:10.0pt">095.29 करोड़ रुपए और 2021-22 (</span>B.E.) <span style="font-size:10.0pt">में 30</span>,<span style="font-size:10.0pt">000.00 करोड़ रुपए था.</span></span></span></p>
<p> </p>
<p><strong><em>References</em></strong></p>
<p>Fifteenth Finance Commission Volume-I Main Report, Report for 2021-26, October 2020, presented to the Parliament on 1st February, 2021, please <a href="https://www.im4change.org/upload/files/XVFC%20VOL%20I%20Main%20Report.pdf" title="/upload/files/XVFC%20VOL%20I%20Main%20Report.pdf">click here</a> to access</p>
<p>All reports of Fifteenth Finance Commission for 2021-26, please <a href="https://fincomindia.nic.in/WriteReadData/html_en_files/15thFcReportIndex.html" title="https://fincomindia.nic.in/WriteReadData/html_en_files/15thFcReportIndex.html">click here</a> to access</p>
<p>Notes on Demands for Grants, 2021-2022, Department of Food and Public Distribution, please <a href="https://www.im4change.org/upload/files/FCI%20demand%20for%20grants%202021-22.pdf" title="/upload/files/FCI%20demand%20for%20grants%202021-22.pdf">click here</a> to read more</p>
<p>Union Budget 2021-22 Speech dated 1st February, 2021, please <a href="https://www.im4change.org/upload/files/Budget_Speech%20delivered%20on%201%20Feb%202021.pdf" title="https://www.im4change.org/upload/files/Budget_Speech%20delivered%20on%201%20Feb%202021.pdf">click here</a> to access</p>
<p>Video: Presentation of the Union Budget by Finance Minister Nirmala Sitharaman 2021-2022, Doordarshan National, please <a href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=94aOjakOCD0" title="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=94aOjakOCD0">click here</a> to access <em>(accessed on 4 February, 2021)</em></p>
<p><strong>Image Courtesy: Doordarshan National YouTube Channel, please <a href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=94aOjakOCD0" title="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=94aOjakOCD0">click here</a> to access</strong></p>
<p> </p>
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चर्चा में.... | केन्द्रीय बजट 2021-22 में वित्तीय पारदर्शिता से खर्च के आंकड़ों पर असर! </title>
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<br><small>February 10, 2021</small>
<p style="padding-top: 6px;">केंद्रीय बजट 2021-22 को 'पारदर्शी' क्यों कहा जा रहा है, इसको समझने के लिए साल 2021-26 के लिए 15वें वित्त आयोग की मुख्य रिपोर्ट और केंद्रीय बजट 2021-22 को एक साथ पढ़ा जाना चाहिए. लेकिन पहले, हम 'उर्वरक सब्सिडी' के बारे में चर्चा करते हैं.
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<br><small>January 20, 2021</small>
<p style="padding-top: 6px;">द इंडियन एक्सप्रेस (6 जनवरी, 2021) में प्रकाशित अपने एक लेख में अरविंद सुब्रमण्यन और उनके सह-लेखक ने 17 राज्यों और पांच केंद्र शासित प्रदेशों के राष्ट्रीय परिवार स्वास्थ्य सर्वेक्षण (NFHS-5) के हाल ही में जारी पांचवें दौर के आंकड़ों पर टिप्पणी करते हुए लिखा...</p>
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<p style="padding-top: 6px;">अंतर्राष्ट्रीय मुद्रा कोष (आईएमएफ) द्वारा अक्टूबर 2020 में जारी द वर्ल्ड इकोनोमिक आउटलुक नामक छमाही प्रकाशन ने अनुमान लगाया है कि 1990 के दशक के बाद से देशों द्वारा गरीबी को कम करने के लिए की गई आर्थिक प्रगति सर्वव्यापी महामारी कोविड -19 से प्रभावित...</p>
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<p style="padding-top: 6px;">11 राज्यों के 3,994 उत्तरदाताओं के बीच एक सर्वेक्षण के प्रारंभिक निष्कर्षों से पता चलता है कि अधिकांश कमजोर परिवारों और समुदायों, जैसे कि एससी, एसटी, ओबीसी, पीवीटीजी, झुग्गी-झोंपड़ी में रहने वाले, दिहाड़ी मजदूर, किसान, एकल महिला परिवार, इत्यादि में लॉकडाउन से पहले उनकी आय...</p>
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<a target="_blank" href="https://im4change.in/hindi/empowerment/शिक्षा-का-अधिकार-60.html"
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<a target="_blank" href="https://im4change.in/hindi/empowerment/विस्थापन-2851.html"
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<a target="_blank" href="https://im4change.in/hindi/empowerment/नरेगा-39.html"
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<a target="_blank" href="https://im4change.in/hindi/empowerment/जेंडर-2852.html"
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<a target="_blank" href="https://im4change.in/hindi/empowerment/सूचना-का-अधिकार-58.html"
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<a target="_blank" href="https://im4change.in/hindi/empowerment/वनाधिकार-61.html"
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<a target="_blank" href="https://im4change.in/hindi/empowerment/सोशल-ऑडिट-48.html"
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<a target="_blank" href="https://im4change.in/hindi/empowerment/भोजन-का-अधिकार-59.html"
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<a target="_blank" href="https://im4change.in/hindi/hunger/poverty-and-inequality.html"
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<a target="_blank" href="https://im4change.in/hindi/hunger/शिक्षा-50.html"
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<a target="_blank" href="https://im4change.in/hindi/hunger/सवाल-सेहत-का-51.html"
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<a target="_blank" href="https://im4change.in/hindi/hunger/what-is-sdg-know-it-all.html"
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<p style="padding-left:10px;">
<a target="_blank" href="https://im4change.in/hindi/hunger/कुपोषण-41.html"
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<a target="_blank" href="https://im4change.in/hindi/hunger/भुखमरी-एक-आकलन-40.html"
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</p>
<p style="padding-left:10px;">
<a target="_blank" href="https://im4change.in/hindi/hunger/मिड-डे-मील-एमडीएमएस-योजना-53.html"
class="left postionrel">मिड डे मील (एमडीएमएस) योजना </a>
</p>
<p style="padding-left:10px;">
<a target="_blank" href="https://im4change.in/hindi/hunger/सार्वजनिक-वितरण-प्रणाली-42.html"
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<a target="_blank" href="https://im4change.in/hindi/कर्ज-आत्महत्या/लघु-ऋण-62.html"
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<a target="_blank" href="https://im4change.in/hindi/कर्ज-आत्महत्या/नीतिगत-पहल-64.html"
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<p style="padding-left:10px;">
<a target="_blank" href="https://im4change.in/hindi/कर्ज-आत्महत्या/कर्ज-का-फंदा-15.html"
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<h3><b>पर्यावरण</b></h3>
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<a target="_blank" href="https://im4change.in/hindi/environment/खबरदार-52.html"
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<a target="_blank" href="https://im4change.in/hindi/environment/पानी-और-साफ-सफाई-55.html"
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<a target="_blank" href="https://im4change.in/hindi/environment/खेती-पर-असर-54.html"
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<h3><b>कानून और इन्साफ</b></h3>
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<p style="padding-left:10px;">
<a target="_blank" href="https://im4change.in/hindi/law-and-justice/न्यायकितना-दूर-कितना-पास-47.html"
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</p>
<p style="padding-left:10px;">
<a target="_blank" href="https://im4change.in/hindi/law-and-justice/मानवाधिकार-56.html"
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</p>
<p style="padding-left:10px;">
<a target="_blank" href="https://im4change.in/hindi/law-and-justice/भ्रष्टाचार-35.html"
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</p>
<p style="padding-left:10px;">
<a target="_blank" href="https://im4change.in/hindi/law-and-justice/आपदा-और-राहत-49.html"
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</p>
<p style="padding-left:10px;">
<a target="_blank" href="https://im4change.in/hindi/law-and-justice/असुरक्षित-परिवेश-46.html"
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चर्चा में.... | केन्द्रीय बजट 2021-22 में वित्तीय पारदर्शिता से खर्च के आंकड़ों पर असर! </title>
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<br><small>February 10, 2021</small>
<p style="padding-top: 6px;">केंद्रीय बजट 2021-22 को 'पारदर्शी' क्यों कहा जा रहा है, इसको समझने के लिए साल 2021-26 के लिए 15वें वित्त आयोग की मुख्य रिपोर्ट और केंद्रीय बजट 2021-22 को एक साथ पढ़ा जाना चाहिए. लेकिन पहले, हम 'उर्वरक सब्सिडी' के बारे में चर्चा करते हैं.
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<br><small>January 20, 2021</small>
<p style="padding-top: 6px;">द इंडियन एक्सप्रेस (6 जनवरी, 2021) में प्रकाशित अपने एक लेख में अरविंद सुब्रमण्यन और उनके सह-लेखक ने 17 राज्यों और पांच केंद्र शासित प्रदेशों के राष्ट्रीय परिवार स्वास्थ्य सर्वेक्षण (NFHS-5) के हाल ही में जारी पांचवें दौर के आंकड़ों पर टिप्पणी करते हुए लिखा...</p>
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<p style="padding-top: 6px;">अंतर्राष्ट्रीय मुद्रा कोष (आईएमएफ) द्वारा अक्टूबर 2020 में जारी द वर्ल्ड इकोनोमिक आउटलुक नामक छमाही प्रकाशन ने अनुमान लगाया है कि 1990 के दशक के बाद से देशों द्वारा गरीबी को कम करने के लिए की गई आर्थिक प्रगति सर्वव्यापी महामारी कोविड -19 से प्रभावित...</p>
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चर्चा में.... | केन्द्रीय बजट 2021-22 में वित्तीय पारदर्शिता से खर्च के आंकड़ों पर असर!
केंद्रीय बजट 2021-22 को 'पारदर्शी' क्यों कहा जा रहा है, इसको समझने के लिए साल 2021-26 के लिए 15वें वित्त आयोग की मुख्य रिपोर्ट और केंद्रीय बजट 2021-22 को एक साथ पढ़ा जाना चाहिए. लेकिन पहले, हम 'उर्वरक सब्सिडी' के बारे में चर्चा करते हैं.
केंद्रीय...
लंदन स्थित एक अंतरराष्ट्रीय गैर सरकारी संगठनक्रिश्चियन एड की एक हालिया रिपोर्ट का कहना है कि 2020 में दुनिया पर सिर्फ COVID-19 महामारी की मार ही नहीं पड़ी थी, बल्कि वास्तव में उसे जलवायु संकट के तीव्रीकरण के कारण जीवन और आजीविका के बड़े पैमाने...
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कोविड-19 के बाद आर्थिक असमानता की ओर देश के बढ़ते कदम!
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