Deprecated (16384): The ArrayAccess methods will be removed in 4.0.0.Use getParam(), getData() and getQuery() instead. - /home/brlfuser/public_html/src/Controller/ArtileDetailController.php, line: 150
 You can disable deprecation warnings by setting `Error.errorLevel` to `E_ALL & ~E_USER_DEPRECATED` in your config/app.php. [CORE/src/Core/functions.php, line 311]
Code Context


        trigger_error($message, E_USER_DEPRECATED);

    }
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 You can disable deprecation warnings by setting `Error.errorLevel` to `E_ALL & ~E_USER_DEPRECATED` in your config/app.php.'
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deprecationWarning - CORE/src/Core/functions.php, line 311
Cake\Http\ServerRequest::offsetGet() - CORE/src/Http/ServerRequest.php, line 2421
App\Controller\ArtileDetailController::index() - APP/Controller/ArtileDetailController.php, line 150
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Cake\Http\ActionDispatcher::_invoke() - CORE/src/Http/ActionDispatcher.php, line 120
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Cake\Http\Runner::__invoke() - CORE/src/Http/Runner.php, line 65
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Cake\Http\Runner::__invoke() - CORE/src/Http/Runner.php, line 65
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Cake\Http\Runner::__invoke() - CORE/src/Http/Runner.php, line 65
Cake\Http\Runner::run() - CORE/src/Http/Runner.php, line 51
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Deprecated (16384): The ArrayAccess methods will be removed in 4.0.0.Use getParam(), getData() and getQuery() instead. - /home/brlfuser/public_html/src/Controller/ArtileDetailController.php, line: 151
 You can disable deprecation warnings by setting `Error.errorLevel` to `E_ALL & ~E_USER_DEPRECATED` in your config/app.php. [CORE/src/Core/functions.php, line 311]
Code Context


        trigger_error($message, E_USER_DEPRECATED);

    }
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 You can disable deprecation warnings by setting `Error.errorLevel` to `E_ALL & ~E_USER_DEPRECATED` in your config/app.php.'
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deprecationWarning - CORE/src/Core/functions.php, line 311
Cake\Http\ServerRequest::offsetGet() - CORE/src/Http/ServerRequest.php, line 2421
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Cake\Controller\Controller::invokeAction() - CORE/src/Controller/Controller.php, line 610
Cake\Http\ActionDispatcher::_invoke() - CORE/src/Http/ActionDispatcher.php, line 120
Cake\Http\ActionDispatcher::dispatch() - CORE/src/Http/ActionDispatcher.php, line 94
Cake\Http\BaseApplication::__invoke() - CORE/src/Http/BaseApplication.php, line 235
Cake\Http\Runner::__invoke() - CORE/src/Http/Runner.php, line 65
Cake\Routing\Middleware\RoutingMiddleware::__invoke() - CORE/src/Routing/Middleware/RoutingMiddleware.php, line 162
Cake\Http\Runner::__invoke() - CORE/src/Http/Runner.php, line 65
Cake\Routing\Middleware\AssetMiddleware::__invoke() - CORE/src/Routing/Middleware/AssetMiddleware.php, line 97
Cake\Http\Runner::__invoke() - CORE/src/Http/Runner.php, line 65
Cake\Error\Middleware\ErrorHandlerMiddleware::__invoke() - CORE/src/Error/Middleware/ErrorHandlerMiddleware.php, line 96
Cake\Http\Runner::__invoke() - CORE/src/Http/Runner.php, line 65
Cake\Http\Runner::run() - CORE/src/Http/Runner.php, line 51
Cake\Http\Server::run() - CORE/src/Http/Server.php, line 98

Warning (512): Unable to emit headers. Headers sent in file=/home/brlfuser/public_html/vendor/cakephp/cakephp/src/Error/Debugger.php line=853 [CORE/src/Http/ResponseEmitter.php, line 48]
Code Context
            if (Configure::read('debug')) {

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&bull; The total number of&nbsp;civilians killed and&nbsp;injured during police firing in 2016 was 92 and 351, respectively. The total number of civilians killed and injured during police lathi-charge in 2016 was 35 and 759, respectively #$

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&bull; In 2015, the..."/>
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&nbsp;

&bull; The total number of&nbsp;civilians killed and&nbsp;injured during police firing in 2016 was 92 and 351, respectively. The total number of civilians killed and injured during police lathi-charge in 2016 was 35 and 759, respectively #$

&nbsp;

&bull; In 2015, the..." />
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                                            <h2 style="font-weight: bold; font-size: 13px;">What's Inside</h2>
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                                                                                                    <li>
                                                        <a href="https://im4change.in/law-justice/human-rights-56.html?pgno=2#2020-anni-report-on-the-performance-of-national-human-rights-institutions-released-in-december-2021">2020 ANNI Report on the Performance of National Human Rights Institutions (released in December 2021)</a>
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                                                        <a href="https://im4change.in/law-justice/human-rights-56.html?pgno=2#extinguishing-law-and-life-police-killings-and-cover-up-in-the-state-of-uttar-pradesh-released-in-october-2021">Extinguishing Law and Life: Police Killings and Cover-Up in the state of Uttar Pradesh (released in October 2021)</a>
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                                                                                                        <li>
                                                        <a href="https://im4change.in/law-justice/human-rights-56.html?pgno=3#forced-evictions-in-india-in-2020-a-grave-human-rights-crisis-during-the-pandemic-released-on-9th-september-2021">Forced Evictions in India in 2020: A Grave Human Rights Crisis During the Pandemic (released on 9th September, 2021)</a>
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                                                        <a href="https://im4change.in/law-justice/human-rights-56.html?pgno=3#key-takeaways-of-the-status-of-policing-in-india-report-spir-2020-21-volume-ii-policing-in-the-covid-19-pandemic-released-on-16-august-2021">Key takeaways of the Status of Policing in India Report (SPIR) 2020-21 (Volume II): Policing in the Covid-19 Pandemic (released on 16 August, 2021)</a>
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                                                                                                        <li>
                                                        <a href="https://im4change.in/law-justice/human-rights-56.html?pgno=3#status-of-policing-in-india-report-spir-2020-21-volume-ii-policing-in-the-covid-19-pandemic-released-on-16-august-2021">Status of Policing in India Report (SPIR) 2020-21 (Volume II): Policing in the Covid-19 Pandemic (released on 16 August, 2021)</a>
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                                                        <a href="https://im4change.in/law-justice/human-rights-56.html?pgno=3#key-takeaways-of-the-status-of-policing-in-india-report-spir-2020-21-volume-i-policing-in-conflict-affected-regions-released-on-19-april-2021">Key takeaways of the Status of Policing in India Report (SPIR) 2020-21 (Volume I): Policing in Conflict-Affected Regions (released on 19 April, 2021)</a>
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                                                                                                        <li>
                                                        <a href="https://im4change.in/law-justice/human-rights-56.html?pgno=3#status-of-policing-in-india-report-spir-2020-21-volume-i-policing-in-conflict-affected-regions-released-on-19-april-2021">Status of Policing in India Report (SPIR) 2020-21 (Volume I): Policing in Conflict-Affected Regions (released on 19 April, 2021)</a>
                                                    </li>
                                                                                                        <li>
                                                        <a href="https://im4change.in/law-justice/human-rights-56.html?pgno=4#india-press-freedom-report-2020-released-on-30th-july-2021">India Press Freedom Report 2020 (released on 30th July, 2021)</a>
                                                    </li>
                                                                                                        <li>
                                                        <a href="https://im4change.in/law-justice/human-rights-56.html?pgno=4#india-mediarsquos-crackdown-during-covid-19-lockdownnbspreleased-on-15th-june-2020">India: Media&rsquo;s Crackdown During COVID-19 Lockdown&nbsp;(released on 15th June, 2020)</a>
                                                    </li>
                                                                                                        <li>
                                                        <a href="https://im4change.in/law-justice/human-rights-56.html?pgno=4#parliamentary-standing-commmittee-report-on-the-dna-technology-use-and-application-regulation-bill-2019">Parliamentary Standing Commmittee Report on The DNA Technology (Use And Application) Regulation Bill, 2019</a>
                                                    </li>
                                                                                                </ul>
                                                                                            <div><a href="javascript:void(0)" id="morewhatsinsidelink" onClick="javascript:$('#morewhatsinside').show();$('#morewhatsinsidelink').hide();$('#lesswhatsinsidelink').show();">More</a></div>
                                                                                            <ul class="whatsinside" id="morewhatsinside" style="display:none">
                                                                                                    <li>
                                                        <a href="https://im4change.in/law-justice/human-rights-56.html?pgno=4#supreme-court-judgement-dated-30th-june-2021-which-is-related-to-the-writ-petition-civil-no-539-of-2021-andnbspwrit-petition-civil-no-554-of-2021">Supreme Court judgement dated 30th June 2021, which is related to the Writ Petition (Civil) No. 539 of 2021 and&nbsp;Writ Petition (Civil) No. 554 of 2021</a>
                                                    </li>
                                                                                                        <li>
                                                        <a href="https://im4change.in/law-justice/human-rights-56.html?pgno=4#press-release-by-people39s-union-for-civil-liberties-pucl-dated-2nd-june-2021">Press release by People&#39;s Union for Civil Liberties (PUCL) dated 2nd June, 2021</a>
                                                    </li>
                                                                                                        <li>
                                                        <a href="https://im4change.in/law-justice/human-rights-56.html?pgno=4#status-of-policing-in-india-report-spir-2020-2021-volume-i">Status of Policing in India Report (SPIR) 2020-2021, Volume-I</a>
                                                    </li>
                                                                                                        <li>
                                                        <a href="https://im4change.in/law-justice/human-rights-56.html?pgno=4#india-2020-country-report-on-human-rights-practices-released-on-30th-march-2021">India 2020 Country Report on Human Rights Practices (released on 30th March, 2021)</a>
                                                    </li>
                                                                                                        <li>
                                                        <a href="https://im4change.in/law-justice/human-rights-56.html?pgno=4#the-south-asia-state-of-minorities-report-2020-minorities-and-shrinking-civic-space-released-in-december-2020">The South Asia State of Minorities Report 2020: Minorities and Shrinking Civic Space (released in December 2020)</a>
                                                    </li>
                                                                                                        <li>
                                                        <a href="https://im4change.in/law-justice/human-rights-56.html?pgno=4#analysis-of-crime-in-india-2019-report">Analysis of Crime in India 2019 report</a>
                                                    </li>
                                                                                                        <li>
                                                        <a href="https://im4change.in/law-justice/human-rights-56.html?pgno=4#status-of-policing-in-india-report-2019"> Status of Policing in India Report 2019</a>
                                                    </li>
                                                                                                        <li>
                                                        <a href="https://im4change.in/law-justice/human-rights-56.html?pgno=4#status-of-policing-in-india-report-2018"> Status of Policing in India Report 2018</a>
                                                    </li>
                                                                                                        <li>
                                                        <a href="https://im4change.in/law-justice/human-rights-56.html?pgno=4#the-scheduled-caste-and-the-scheduled-tribes-prevention-of-atrocities-act-1989">The Scheduled Caste and the Scheduled Tribes (Prevention Of Atrocities) Act (1989)</a>
                                                    </li>
                                                                                                        <li>
                                                        <a href="https://im4change.in/law-justice/human-rights-56.html?pgno=5#crime-in-india-2016-statistics-released-in-november-2017">Crime in India 2016 Statistics (released in November, 2017)</a>
                                                    </li>
                                                                                                        <li>
                                                        <a href="https://im4change.in/law-justice/human-rights-56.html?pgno=6#police-reforms-in-india-june-2017">Police Reforms in India (June 2017)</a>
                                                    </li>
                                                                                                        <li>
                                                        <a href="https://im4change.in/law-justice/human-rights-56.html?pgno=7#crime-in-india-2015-statistics-released-in-2016">Crime in India 2015 Statistics (released in 2016)</a>
                                                    </li>
                                                                                                        <li>
                                                        <a href="https://im4change.in/law-justice/human-rights-56.html?pgno=8#crime-in-india-2014-by-national-crime-records-bureau-released-in-2015">Crime in India 2014 by National Crime Records Bureau (released in 2015)</a>
                                                    </li>
                                                                                                        <li>
                                                        <a href="https://im4change.in/law-justice/human-rights-56.html?pgno=9#global-report-on-trafficking-in-persons-2014">Global Report on Trafficking in Persons 2014</a>
                                                    </li>
                                                                                                        <li>
                                                        <a href="https://im4change.in/law-justice/human-rights-56.html?pgno=10#elder-abuse-in-india-2014">Elder Abuse in India (2014)</a>
                                                    </li>
                                                                                                        <li>
                                                        <a href="https://im4change.in/law-justice/human-rights-56.html?pgno=11#independent-people39s-tribunal-on-the-functioning-of-the-national-human-rights-commission">Independent People&#39;s Tribunal on the functioning of the National Human Rights Commission</a>
                                                    </li>
                                                                                                        <li>
                                                        <a href="https://im4change.in/law-justice/human-rights-56.html?pgno=12#crime-in-india-2012">Crime in India 2012</a>
                                                    </li>
                                                                                                        <li>
                                                        <a href="https://im4change.in/law-justice/human-rights-56.html?pgno=13#crime-in-india-2011">Crime in India 2011</a>
                                                    </li>
                                                                                                        <li>
                                                        <a href="https://im4change.in/law-justice/human-rights-56.html?pgno=14#torture-in-india-2011">Torture in India 2011</a>
                                                    </li>
                                                                                                        <li>
                                                        <a href="https://im4change.in/law-justice/human-rights-56.html?pgno=15#second-universal-periodic-review-of-human-rights-in-the-country-by-nhrc-2011">Second Universal Periodic Review of Human Rights in the Country by NHRC (2011)</a>
                                                    </li>
                                                                                                        <li>
                                                        <a href="https://im4change.in/law-justice/human-rights-56.html?pgno=15#torture-in-india-2010">Torture in India (2010)</a>
                                                    </li>
                                                                                                        <li>
                                                        <a href="https://im4change.in/law-justice/human-rights-56.html?pgno=16#prison-statistics-2006">Prison Statistics 2006</a>
                                                    </li>
                                                                                                        <li>
                                                        <a href="https://im4change.in/law-justice/human-rights-56.html?pgno=16#torture-in-india-2008-a-state-of-denial">Torture in India 2008-A State of Denial</a>
                                                    </li>
                                                                                                        <li>
                                                        <a href="https://im4change.in/law-justice/human-rights-56.html?pgno=16#india-human-rights-report-2008">India Human Rights Report, 2008</a>
                                                    </li>
                                                                                                </ul>
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                            </p><p style="text-align:justify">Based on data and statistics from the National Crime Records Bureau (NCRB) and Bureau of Police Research and Development (BPRD), the PRS Legislative Research has come out with a report. The key findings of the report entitled <a name="police-reforms-in-india-june-2017">Police Reforms in India (June 2017)</a>, which has been authored by Anviti Chaturvedi are as follows (please <a href="https://im4change.in/siteadmin/tinymce/uploaded/Police%20reforms%20in%20India.pdf" title="Police reforms in India " title="https://im4change.in/siteadmin/tinymce/uploaded/Police%20reforms%20in%20India.pdf" title="Police reforms in India ">click here</a> to access):<br /><br />&bull; An expert committee under the Ministry of Statistics and Programme Implementation has noted in its report (entitled <em>Report of the Committee on Crime Statistics</em>, Ministry of Statistics and Programme Implementation, 2012) that there is significant under-reporting of crimes under the NCRB for various reasons. For example, there could be suppression of data and low registration of crimes because the police know that their work is judged on the basis of this information. Also, sometimes victims of crime may decide against reporting the incident with the police because they are afraid to approach the police, or think the crime is not serious enough, etc. Also, note that the NCRB follows the &lsquo;principal offence rule&rsquo; for counting crime. This means that if many offences are covered in a single registered criminal case, the NCRB will only count the most heinous of the offences. For instance, a case of murder and rape, will only be counted as a case of murder (i.e. principal offence) by the NCRB.<br /><br />&bull; Police personnel discharge a range of functions related to: (i) crime prevention and response (e.g., intelligence collection, patrolling, investigation, production of witnesses in courts), (ii) maintenance of internal security and law and order (e.g., crowd control, riot control, anti-terrorist or anti-extremist operations), and (iii) various miscellaneous duties (e.g., traffic management, disaster rescue and removal of encroachments). Each police officer is also responsible for a large segment of people, given India&rsquo;s low police strength per lakh population as compared to international standards. While the United Nations recommended standard is 222 police per lakh persons, India&rsquo;s sanctioned strength is 181 police per lakh persons. After adjusting for vacancies, the actual police strength in India is at 137 police per lakh persons. Therefore, an average policeman ends up having an enormous workload and long working hours, which negatively affects his efficiency and performance.<br /><br />&bull; In 2015, the National Crime Records Bureau recorded over 73 lakh complaints of cognizable crimes. Cognizable crimes are relatively serious offences for which police officers do not need a warrant from the magistrate to investigate, such as murder and rape. Between 2005 and 2015, crime rate (i.e., crime per lakh population) for cognizable crimes has increased by 28% from 456 complaints per lakh persons to 582 per lakh persons. This has been primarily because of increase in crime rates of alcohol-prohibition crime, theft, kidnapping and abduction, crimes against women and cheating.</p><p style="text-align:justify">&nbsp;</p><p style="text-align:justify">                                                                    <br>
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&bull; The total number of&nbsp;civilians killed and&nbsp;injured during police firing in 2016 was 92 and 351, respectively. The total number of civilians killed and injured during police lathi-charge in 2016 was 35 and 759, respectively #$

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&bull; The total number of&nbsp;civilians killed and&nbsp;injured during police firing in 2016 was 92 and 351, respectively. The total number of civilians killed and injured during police lathi-charge in 2016 was 35 and 759, respectively #$

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&bull; In 2015, the..." />
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                                            <h2 style="font-weight: bold; font-size: 13px;">What's Inside</h2>
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                                                                                                    <li>
                                                        <a href="https://im4change.in/law-justice/human-rights-56.html?pgno=2#2020-anni-report-on-the-performance-of-national-human-rights-institutions-released-in-december-2021">2020 ANNI Report on the Performance of National Human Rights Institutions (released in December 2021)</a>
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                                                        <a href="https://im4change.in/law-justice/human-rights-56.html?pgno=2#extinguishing-law-and-life-police-killings-and-cover-up-in-the-state-of-uttar-pradesh-released-in-october-2021">Extinguishing Law and Life: Police Killings and Cover-Up in the state of Uttar Pradesh (released in October 2021)</a>
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                                                        <a href="https://im4change.in/law-justice/human-rights-56.html?pgno=3#forced-evictions-in-india-in-2020-a-grave-human-rights-crisis-during-the-pandemic-released-on-9th-september-2021">Forced Evictions in India in 2020: A Grave Human Rights Crisis During the Pandemic (released on 9th September, 2021)</a>
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                            </p><p style="text-align:justify">Based on data and statistics from the National Crime Records Bureau (NCRB) and Bureau of Police Research and Development (BPRD), the PRS Legislative Research has come out with a report. The key findings of the report entitled <a name="police-reforms-in-india-june-2017">Police Reforms in India (June 2017)</a>, which has been authored by Anviti Chaturvedi are as follows (please <a href="https://im4change.in/siteadmin/tinymce/uploaded/Police%20reforms%20in%20India.pdf" title="Police reforms in India " title="https://im4change.in/siteadmin/tinymce/uploaded/Police%20reforms%20in%20India.pdf" title="Police reforms in India ">click here</a> to access):<br /><br />&bull; An expert committee under the Ministry of Statistics and Programme Implementation has noted in its report (entitled <em>Report of the Committee on Crime Statistics</em>, Ministry of Statistics and Programme Implementation, 2012) that there is significant under-reporting of crimes under the NCRB for various reasons. For example, there could be suppression of data and low registration of crimes because the police know that their work is judged on the basis of this information. Also, sometimes victims of crime may decide against reporting the incident with the police because they are afraid to approach the police, or think the crime is not serious enough, etc. Also, note that the NCRB follows the &lsquo;principal offence rule&rsquo; for counting crime. This means that if many offences are covered in a single registered criminal case, the NCRB will only count the most heinous of the offences. For instance, a case of murder and rape, will only be counted as a case of murder (i.e. principal offence) by the NCRB.<br /><br />&bull; Police personnel discharge a range of functions related to: (i) crime prevention and response (e.g., intelligence collection, patrolling, investigation, production of witnesses in courts), (ii) maintenance of internal security and law and order (e.g., crowd control, riot control, anti-terrorist or anti-extremist operations), and (iii) various miscellaneous duties (e.g., traffic management, disaster rescue and removal of encroachments). Each police officer is also responsible for a large segment of people, given India&rsquo;s low police strength per lakh population as compared to international standards. While the United Nations recommended standard is 222 police per lakh persons, India&rsquo;s sanctioned strength is 181 police per lakh persons. After adjusting for vacancies, the actual police strength in India is at 137 police per lakh persons. Therefore, an average policeman ends up having an enormous workload and long working hours, which negatively affects his efficiency and performance.<br /><br />&bull; In 2015, the National Crime Records Bureau recorded over 73 lakh complaints of cognizable crimes. Cognizable crimes are relatively serious offences for which police officers do not need a warrant from the magistrate to investigate, such as murder and rape. Between 2005 and 2015, crime rate (i.e., crime per lakh population) for cognizable crimes has increased by 28% from 456 complaints per lakh persons to 582 per lakh persons. This has been primarily because of increase in crime rates of alcohol-prohibition crime, theft, kidnapping and abduction, crimes against women and cheating.</p><p style="text-align:justify">&nbsp;</p><p style="text-align:justify">                                                                    <br>
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&bull; The total number of&nbsp;civilians killed and&nbsp;injured during police firing in 2016 was 92 and 351, respectively. The total number of civilians killed and injured during police lathi-charge in 2016 was 35 and 759, respectively #$

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&bull; The total number of&nbsp;civilians killed and&nbsp;injured during police firing in 2016 was 92 and 351, respectively. The total number of civilians killed and injured during police lathi-charge in 2016 was 35 and 759, respectively #$

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&bull; In 2015, the..." />
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                                            <h2 style="font-weight: bold; font-size: 13px;">What's Inside</h2>
                                            <ul class="whatsinside">
                                                                                                    <li>
                                                        <a href="https://im4change.in/law-justice/human-rights-56.html?pgno=2#2020-anni-report-on-the-performance-of-national-human-rights-institutions-released-in-december-2021">2020 ANNI Report on the Performance of National Human Rights Institutions (released in December 2021)</a>
                                                    </li>
                                                                                                        <li>
                                                        <a href="https://im4change.in/law-justice/human-rights-56.html?pgno=2#extinguishing-law-and-life-police-killings-and-cover-up-in-the-state-of-uttar-pradesh-released-in-october-2021">Extinguishing Law and Life: Police Killings and Cover-Up in the state of Uttar Pradesh (released in October 2021)</a>
                                                    </li>
                                                                                                        <li>
                                                        <a href="https://im4change.in/law-justice/human-rights-56.html?pgno=3#forced-evictions-in-india-in-2020-a-grave-human-rights-crisis-during-the-pandemic-released-on-9th-september-2021">Forced Evictions in India in 2020: A Grave Human Rights Crisis During the Pandemic (released on 9th September, 2021)</a>
                                                    </li>
                                                                                                        <li>
                                                        <a href="https://im4change.in/law-justice/human-rights-56.html?pgno=3#key-takeaways-of-the-status-of-policing-in-india-report-spir-2020-21-volume-ii-policing-in-the-covid-19-pandemic-released-on-16-august-2021">Key takeaways of the Status of Policing in India Report (SPIR) 2020-21 (Volume II): Policing in the Covid-19 Pandemic (released on 16 August, 2021)</a>
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                                                                                                        <li>
                                                        <a href="https://im4change.in/law-justice/human-rights-56.html?pgno=3#status-of-policing-in-india-report-spir-2020-21-volume-ii-policing-in-the-covid-19-pandemic-released-on-16-august-2021">Status of Policing in India Report (SPIR) 2020-21 (Volume II): Policing in the Covid-19 Pandemic (released on 16 August, 2021)</a>
                                                    </li>
                                                                                                        <li>
                                                        <a href="https://im4change.in/law-justice/human-rights-56.html?pgno=3#key-takeaways-of-the-status-of-policing-in-india-report-spir-2020-21-volume-i-policing-in-conflict-affected-regions-released-on-19-april-2021">Key takeaways of the Status of Policing in India Report (SPIR) 2020-21 (Volume I): Policing in Conflict-Affected Regions (released on 19 April, 2021)</a>
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                                                                                                        <li>
                                                        <a href="https://im4change.in/law-justice/human-rights-56.html?pgno=3#status-of-policing-in-india-report-spir-2020-21-volume-i-policing-in-conflict-affected-regions-released-on-19-april-2021">Status of Policing in India Report (SPIR) 2020-21 (Volume I): Policing in Conflict-Affected Regions (released on 19 April, 2021)</a>
                                                    </li>
                                                                                                        <li>
                                                        <a href="https://im4change.in/law-justice/human-rights-56.html?pgno=4#india-press-freedom-report-2020-released-on-30th-july-2021">India Press Freedom Report 2020 (released on 30th July, 2021)</a>
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                            </p><p style="text-align:justify">Based on data and statistics from the National Crime Records Bureau (NCRB) and Bureau of Police Research and Development (BPRD), the PRS Legislative Research has come out with a report. The key findings of the report entitled <a name="police-reforms-in-india-june-2017">Police Reforms in India (June 2017)</a>, which has been authored by Anviti Chaturvedi are as follows (please <a href="https://im4change.in/siteadmin/tinymce/uploaded/Police%20reforms%20in%20India.pdf" title="Police reforms in India " title="https://im4change.in/siteadmin/tinymce/uploaded/Police%20reforms%20in%20India.pdf" title="Police reforms in India ">click here</a> to access):<br /><br />&bull; An expert committee under the Ministry of Statistics and Programme Implementation has noted in its report (entitled <em>Report of the Committee on Crime Statistics</em>, Ministry of Statistics and Programme Implementation, 2012) that there is significant under-reporting of crimes under the NCRB for various reasons. For example, there could be suppression of data and low registration of crimes because the police know that their work is judged on the basis of this information. Also, sometimes victims of crime may decide against reporting the incident with the police because they are afraid to approach the police, or think the crime is not serious enough, etc. Also, note that the NCRB follows the &lsquo;principal offence rule&rsquo; for counting crime. This means that if many offences are covered in a single registered criminal case, the NCRB will only count the most heinous of the offences. For instance, a case of murder and rape, will only be counted as a case of murder (i.e. principal offence) by the NCRB.<br /><br />&bull; Police personnel discharge a range of functions related to: (i) crime prevention and response (e.g., intelligence collection, patrolling, investigation, production of witnesses in courts), (ii) maintenance of internal security and law and order (e.g., crowd control, riot control, anti-terrorist or anti-extremist operations), and (iii) various miscellaneous duties (e.g., traffic management, disaster rescue and removal of encroachments). Each police officer is also responsible for a large segment of people, given India&rsquo;s low police strength per lakh population as compared to international standards. While the United Nations recommended standard is 222 police per lakh persons, India&rsquo;s sanctioned strength is 181 police per lakh persons. After adjusting for vacancies, the actual police strength in India is at 137 police per lakh persons. Therefore, an average policeman ends up having an enormous workload and long working hours, which negatively affects his efficiency and performance.<br /><br />&bull; In 2015, the National Crime Records Bureau recorded over 73 lakh complaints of cognizable crimes. Cognizable crimes are relatively serious offences for which police officers do not need a warrant from the magistrate to investigate, such as murder and rape. Between 2005 and 2015, crime rate (i.e., crime per lakh population) for cognizable crimes has increased by 28% from 456 complaints per lakh persons to 582 per lakh persons. This has been primarily because of increase in crime rates of alcohol-prohibition crime, theft, kidnapping and abduction, crimes against women and cheating.</p><p style="text-align:justify">&nbsp;</p><p style="text-align:justify">                                                                    <br>
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Human Rights

What's Inside 2020 ANNI Report on the Performance of National Human Rights Institutions (released in December 2021) Extinguishing Law and Life: Police Killings and Cover-Up in the state of Uttar Pradesh (released in October 2021) Forced Evictions in India in 2020: A Grave Human Rights Crisis During the Pandemic (released on 9th September, 2021) Key takeaways of the Status of Policing in India Report (SPIR) 2020-21 (Volume II): Policing in the Covid-19 Pandemic (released on 16 August, 2021) Status of Policing in India Report (SPIR) 2020-21 (Volume II): Policing in the Covid-19 Pandemic (released on 16 August, 2021) Key takeaways of the Status of Policing in India Report (SPIR) 2020-21 (Volume I): Policing in Conflict-Affected Regions (released on 19 April, 2021) Status of Policing in India Report (SPIR) 2020-21 (Volume I): Policing in Conflict-Affected Regions (released on 19 April, 2021) India Press Freedom Report 2020 (released on 30th July, 2021) India: Media’s Crackdown During COVID-19 Lockdown (released on 15th June, 2020) Parliamentary Standing Commmittee Report on The DNA Technology (Use And Application) Regulation Bill, 2019 More Supreme Court judgement dated 30th June 2021, which is related to the Writ Petition (Civil) No. 539 of 2021 and Writ Petition (Civil) No. 554 of 2021 Press release by People's Union for Civil Liberties (PUCL) dated 2nd June, 2021 Status of Policing in India Report (SPIR) 2020-2021, Volume-I India 2020 Country Report on Human Rights Practices (released on 30th March, 2021) The South Asia State of Minorities Report 2020: Minorities and Shrinking Civic Space (released in December 2020) Analysis of Crime in India 2019 report Status of Policing in India Report 2019 Status of Policing in India Report 2018 The Scheduled Caste and the Scheduled Tribes (Prevention Of Atrocities) Act (1989) Crime in India 2016 Statistics (released in November, 2017) Police Reforms in India (June 2017) Crime in India 2015 Statistics (released in 2016) Crime in India 2014 by National Crime Records Bureau (released in 2015) Global Report on Trafficking in Persons 2014 Elder Abuse in India (2014) Independent People's Tribunal on the functioning of the National Human Rights Commission Crime in India 2012 Crime in India 2011 Torture in India 2011 Second Universal Periodic Review of Human Rights in the Country by NHRC (2011) Torture in India (2010) Prison Statistics 2006 Torture in India 2008-A State of Denial India Human Rights Report, 2008 Less Based on data and statistics from the National Crime Records Bureau (NCRB) and Bureau of Police Research and Development (BPRD), the PRS Legislative Research has come out with a report. The key findings of the report entitled Police Reforms in India (June 2017), which has been authored by Anviti Chaturvedi are as follows (please click here to access): • An expert committee under the Ministry of Statistics and Programme Implementation has noted in its report (entitled Report of the Committee on Crime Statistics, Ministry of Statistics and Programme Implementation, 2012) that there is significant under-reporting of crimes under the NCRB for various reasons. For example, there could be suppression of data and low registration of crimes because the police know that their work is judged on the basis of this information. Also, sometimes victims of crime may decide against reporting the incident with the police because they are afraid to approach the police, or think the crime is not serious enough, etc. Also, note that the NCRB follows the ‘principal offence rule’ for counting crime. This means that if many offences are covered in a single registered criminal case, the NCRB will only count the most heinous of the offences. For instance, a case of murder and rape, will only be counted as a case of murder (i.e. principal offence) by the NCRB. • Police personnel discharge a range of functions related to: (i) crime prevention and response (e.g., intelligence collection, patrolling, investigation, production of witnesses in courts), (ii) maintenance of internal security and law and order (e.g., crowd control, riot control, anti-terrorist or anti-extremist operations), and (iii) various miscellaneous duties (e.g., traffic management, disaster rescue and removal of encroachments). Each police officer is also responsible for a large segment of people, given India’s low police strength per lakh population as compared to international standards. While the United Nations recommended standard is 222 police per lakh persons, India’s sanctioned strength is 181 police per lakh persons. After adjusting for vacancies, the actual police strength in India is at 137 police per lakh persons. Therefore, an average policeman ends up having an enormous workload and long working hours, which negatively affects his efficiency and performance. • In 2015, the National Crime Records Bureau recorded over 73 lakh complaints of cognizable crimes. Cognizable crimes are relatively serious offences for which police officers do not need a warrant from the magistrate to investigate, such as murder and rape. Between 2005 and 2015, crime rate (i.e., crime per lakh population) for cognizable crimes has increased by 28% from 456 complaints per lakh persons to 582 per lakh persons. This has been primarily because of increase in crime rates of alcohol-prohibition crime, theft, kidnapping and abduction, crimes against women and cheating.   « previous12345678910111213141516next »

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