Deprecated (16384): The ArrayAccess methods will be removed in 4.0.0.Use getParam(), getData() and getQuery() instead. - /home/brlfuser/public_html/src/Controller/ArtileDetailController.php, line: 150 You can disable deprecation warnings by setting `Error.errorLevel` to `E_ALL & ~E_USER_DEPRECATED` in your config/app.php. [CORE/src/Core/functions.php, line 311]Code Contexttrigger_error($message, E_USER_DEPRECATED);}$message = 'The ArrayAccess methods will be removed in 4.0.0.Use getParam(), getData() and getQuery() instead. - /home/brlfuser/public_html/src/Controller/ArtileDetailController.php, line: 150 You can disable deprecation warnings by setting `Error.errorLevel` to `E_ALL & ~E_USER_DEPRECATED` in your config/app.php.' $stackFrame = (int) 1 $trace = [ (int) 0 => [ 'file' => '/home/brlfuser/public_html/vendor/cakephp/cakephp/src/Http/ServerRequest.php', 'line' => (int) 2421, 'function' => 'deprecationWarning', 'args' => [ (int) 0 => 'The ArrayAccess methods will be removed in 4.0.0.Use getParam(), getData() and getQuery() instead.' ] ], (int) 1 => [ 'file' => '/home/brlfuser/public_html/src/Controller/ArtileDetailController.php', 'line' => (int) 150, 'function' => 'offsetGet', 'class' => 'Cake\Http\ServerRequest', 'object' => object(Cake\Http\ServerRequest) {}, 'type' => '->', 'args' => [ (int) 0 => 'catslug' ] ], (int) 2 => [ 'file' => '/home/brlfuser/public_html/vendor/cakephp/cakephp/src/Controller/Controller.php', 'line' => (int) 610, 'function' => 'index', 'class' => 'App\Controller\ArtileDetailController', 'object' => object(App\Controller\ArtileDetailController) {}, 'type' => '->', 'args' => [] ], (int) 3 => [ 'file' => '/home/brlfuser/public_html/vendor/cakephp/cakephp/src/Http/ActionDispatcher.php', 'line' => (int) 120, 'function' => 'invokeAction', 'class' => 'Cake\Controller\Controller', 'object' => object(App\Controller\ArtileDetailController) {}, 'type' => '->', 'args' => [] ], (int) 4 => [ 'file' => '/home/brlfuser/public_html/vendor/cakephp/cakephp/src/Http/ActionDispatcher.php', 'line' => (int) 94, 'function' => '_invoke', 'class' => 'Cake\Http\ActionDispatcher', 'object' => object(Cake\Http\ActionDispatcher) {}, 'type' => '->', 'args' => [ (int) 0 => object(App\Controller\ArtileDetailController) {} ] ], (int) 5 => [ 'file' => '/home/brlfuser/public_html/vendor/cakephp/cakephp/src/Http/BaseApplication.php', 'line' => (int) 235, 'function' => 'dispatch', 'class' => 'Cake\Http\ActionDispatcher', 'object' => object(Cake\Http\ActionDispatcher) {}, 'type' => '->', 'args' => [ (int) 0 => object(Cake\Http\ServerRequest) {}, (int) 1 => object(Cake\Http\Response) {} ] ], (int) 6 => [ 'file' => '/home/brlfuser/public_html/vendor/cakephp/cakephp/src/Http/Runner.php', 'line' => (int) 65, 'function' => '__invoke', 'class' => 'Cake\Http\BaseApplication', 'object' => object(App\Application) {}, 'type' => '->', 'args' => [ (int) 0 => object(Cake\Http\ServerRequest) {}, (int) 1 => object(Cake\Http\Response) {}, (int) 2 => object(Cake\Http\Runner) {} ] ], (int) 7 => [ 'file' => '/home/brlfuser/public_html/vendor/cakephp/cakephp/src/Routing/Middleware/RoutingMiddleware.php', 'line' => (int) 162, 'function' => '__invoke', 'class' => 'Cake\Http\Runner', 'object' => object(Cake\Http\Runner) {}, 'type' => '->', 'args' => [ (int) 0 => object(Cake\Http\ServerRequest) {}, (int) 1 => object(Cake\Http\Response) {} ] ], (int) 8 => [ 'file' => '/home/brlfuser/public_html/vendor/cakephp/cakephp/src/Http/Runner.php', 'line' => (int) 65, 'function' => '__invoke', 'class' => 'Cake\Routing\Middleware\RoutingMiddleware', 'object' => object(Cake\Routing\Middleware\RoutingMiddleware) {}, 'type' => '->', 'args' => [ (int) 0 => object(Cake\Http\ServerRequest) {}, (int) 1 => object(Cake\Http\Response) {}, (int) 2 => object(Cake\Http\Runner) {} ] ], (int) 9 => [ 'file' => '/home/brlfuser/public_html/vendor/cakephp/cakephp/src/Routing/Middleware/AssetMiddleware.php', 'line' => (int) 97, 'function' => '__invoke', 'class' => 'Cake\Http\Runner', 'object' => object(Cake\Http\Runner) {}, 'type' => '->', 'args' => [ (int) 0 => object(Cake\Http\ServerRequest) {}, (int) 1 => object(Cake\Http\Response) {} ] ], (int) 10 => [ 'file' => '/home/brlfuser/public_html/vendor/cakephp/cakephp/src/Http/Runner.php', 'line' => (int) 65, 'function' => '__invoke', 'class' => 'Cake\Routing\Middleware\AssetMiddleware', 'object' => object(Cake\Routing\Middleware\AssetMiddleware) {}, 'type' => '->', 'args' => [ (int) 0 => object(Cake\Http\ServerRequest) {}, (int) 1 => object(Cake\Http\Response) {}, (int) 2 => object(Cake\Http\Runner) {} ] ], (int) 11 => [ 'file' => '/home/brlfuser/public_html/vendor/cakephp/cakephp/src/Error/Middleware/ErrorHandlerMiddleware.php', 'line' => (int) 96, 'function' => '__invoke', 'class' => 'Cake\Http\Runner', 'object' => object(Cake\Http\Runner) {}, 'type' => '->', 'args' => [ (int) 0 => object(Cake\Http\ServerRequest) {}, (int) 1 => object(Cake\Http\Response) {} ] ], (int) 12 => [ 'file' => '/home/brlfuser/public_html/vendor/cakephp/cakephp/src/Http/Runner.php', 'line' => (int) 65, 'function' => '__invoke', 'class' => 'Cake\Error\Middleware\ErrorHandlerMiddleware', 'object' => object(Cake\Error\Middleware\ErrorHandlerMiddleware) {}, 'type' => '->', 'args' => [ (int) 0 => object(Cake\Http\ServerRequest) {}, (int) 1 => object(Cake\Http\Response) {}, (int) 2 => object(Cake\Http\Runner) {} ] ], (int) 13 => [ 'file' => '/home/brlfuser/public_html/vendor/cakephp/cakephp/src/Http/Runner.php', 'line' => (int) 51, 'function' => '__invoke', 'class' => 'Cake\Http\Runner', 'object' => object(Cake\Http\Runner) {}, 'type' => '->', 'args' => [ (int) 0 => object(Cake\Http\ServerRequest) {}, (int) 1 => object(Cake\Http\Response) {} ] ], (int) 14 => [ 'file' => '/home/brlfuser/public_html/vendor/cakephp/cakephp/src/Http/Server.php', 'line' => (int) 98, 'function' => 'run', 'class' => 'Cake\Http\Runner', 'object' => object(Cake\Http\Runner) {}, 'type' => '->', 'args' => [ (int) 0 => object(Cake\Http\MiddlewareQueue) {}, (int) 1 => object(Cake\Http\ServerRequest) {}, (int) 2 => object(Cake\Http\Response) {} ] ], (int) 15 => [ 'file' => '/home/brlfuser/public_html/webroot/index.php', 'line' => (int) 39, 'function' => 'run', 'class' => 'Cake\Http\Server', 'object' => object(Cake\Http\Server) {}, 'type' => '->', 'args' => [] ] ] $frame = [ 'file' => '/home/brlfuser/public_html/src/Controller/ArtileDetailController.php', 'line' => (int) 150, 'function' => 'offsetGet', 'class' => 'Cake\Http\ServerRequest', 'object' => object(Cake\Http\ServerRequest) { trustProxy => false [protected] params => [ [maximum depth reached] ] [protected] data => [[maximum depth reached]] [protected] query => [ [maximum depth reached] ] [protected] cookies => [[maximum depth reached]] [protected] _environment => [ [maximum depth reached] ] [protected] url => 'empowerment/gender-3280.html' [protected] base => '' [protected] webroot => '/' [protected] here => '/empowerment/gender-3280.html' [protected] trustedProxies => [[maximum depth reached]] [protected] _input => null [protected] _detectors => [ [maximum depth reached] ] [protected] _detectorCache => [ [maximum depth reached] ] [protected] stream => object(Zend\Diactoros\PhpInputStream) {} [protected] uri => object(Zend\Diactoros\Uri) {} [protected] session => object(Cake\Http\Session) {} [protected] attributes => [[maximum depth reached]] [protected] emulatedAttributes => [ [maximum depth reached] ] [protected] uploadedFiles => [[maximum depth reached]] [protected] protocol => null [protected] requestTarget => null [private] deprecatedProperties => [ [maximum depth reached] ] }, 'type' => '->', 'args' => [ (int) 0 => 'catslug' ] ]deprecationWarning - CORE/src/Core/functions.php, line 311 Cake\Http\ServerRequest::offsetGet() - CORE/src/Http/ServerRequest.php, line 2421 App\Controller\ArtileDetailController::index() - APP/Controller/ArtileDetailController.php, line 150 Cake\Controller\Controller::invokeAction() - CORE/src/Controller/Controller.php, line 610 Cake\Http\ActionDispatcher::_invoke() - CORE/src/Http/ActionDispatcher.php, line 120 Cake\Http\ActionDispatcher::dispatch() - CORE/src/Http/ActionDispatcher.php, line 94 Cake\Http\BaseApplication::__invoke() - CORE/src/Http/BaseApplication.php, line 235 Cake\Http\Runner::__invoke() - CORE/src/Http/Runner.php, line 65 Cake\Routing\Middleware\RoutingMiddleware::__invoke() - CORE/src/Routing/Middleware/RoutingMiddleware.php, line 162 Cake\Http\Runner::__invoke() - CORE/src/Http/Runner.php, line 65 Cake\Routing\Middleware\AssetMiddleware::__invoke() - CORE/src/Routing/Middleware/AssetMiddleware.php, line 97 Cake\Http\Runner::__invoke() - CORE/src/Http/Runner.php, line 65 Cake\Error\Middleware\ErrorHandlerMiddleware::__invoke() - CORE/src/Error/Middleware/ErrorHandlerMiddleware.php, line 96 Cake\Http\Runner::__invoke() - CORE/src/Http/Runner.php, line 65 Cake\Http\Runner::run() - CORE/src/Http/Runner.php, line 51 Cake\Http\Server::run() - CORE/src/Http/Server.php, line 98
Deprecated (16384): The ArrayAccess methods will be removed in 4.0.0.Use getParam(), getData() and getQuery() instead. - /home/brlfuser/public_html/src/Controller/ArtileDetailController.php, line: 151 You can disable deprecation warnings by setting `Error.errorLevel` to `E_ALL & ~E_USER_DEPRECATED` in your config/app.php. [CORE/src/Core/functions.php, line 311]Code Contexttrigger_error($message, E_USER_DEPRECATED);}$message = 'The ArrayAccess methods will be removed in 4.0.0.Use getParam(), getData() and getQuery() instead. - /home/brlfuser/public_html/src/Controller/ArtileDetailController.php, line: 151 You can disable deprecation warnings by setting `Error.errorLevel` to `E_ALL & ~E_USER_DEPRECATED` in your config/app.php.' $stackFrame = (int) 1 $trace = [ (int) 0 => [ 'file' => '/home/brlfuser/public_html/vendor/cakephp/cakephp/src/Http/ServerRequest.php', 'line' => (int) 2421, 'function' => 'deprecationWarning', 'args' => [ (int) 0 => 'The ArrayAccess methods will be removed in 4.0.0.Use getParam(), getData() and getQuery() instead.' ] ], (int) 1 => [ 'file' => '/home/brlfuser/public_html/src/Controller/ArtileDetailController.php', 'line' => (int) 151, 'function' => 'offsetGet', 'class' => 'Cake\Http\ServerRequest', 'object' => object(Cake\Http\ServerRequest) {}, 'type' => '->', 'args' => [ (int) 0 => 'artileslug' ] ], (int) 2 => [ 'file' => '/home/brlfuser/public_html/vendor/cakephp/cakephp/src/Controller/Controller.php', 'line' => (int) 610, 'function' => 'index', 'class' => 'App\Controller\ArtileDetailController', 'object' => object(App\Controller\ArtileDetailController) {}, 'type' => '->', 'args' => [] ], (int) 3 => [ 'file' => '/home/brlfuser/public_html/vendor/cakephp/cakephp/src/Http/ActionDispatcher.php', 'line' => (int) 120, 'function' => 'invokeAction', 'class' => 'Cake\Controller\Controller', 'object' => object(App\Controller\ArtileDetailController) {}, 'type' => '->', 'args' => [] ], (int) 4 => [ 'file' => '/home/brlfuser/public_html/vendor/cakephp/cakephp/src/Http/ActionDispatcher.php', 'line' => (int) 94, 'function' => '_invoke', 'class' => 'Cake\Http\ActionDispatcher', 'object' => object(Cake\Http\ActionDispatcher) {}, 'type' => '->', 'args' => [ (int) 0 => object(App\Controller\ArtileDetailController) {} ] ], (int) 5 => [ 'file' => '/home/brlfuser/public_html/vendor/cakephp/cakephp/src/Http/BaseApplication.php', 'line' => (int) 235, 'function' => 'dispatch', 'class' => 'Cake\Http\ActionDispatcher', 'object' => object(Cake\Http\ActionDispatcher) {}, 'type' => '->', 'args' => [ (int) 0 => object(Cake\Http\ServerRequest) {}, (int) 1 => object(Cake\Http\Response) {} ] ], (int) 6 => [ 'file' => '/home/brlfuser/public_html/vendor/cakephp/cakephp/src/Http/Runner.php', 'line' => (int) 65, 'function' => '__invoke', 'class' => 'Cake\Http\BaseApplication', 'object' => object(App\Application) {}, 'type' => '->', 'args' => [ (int) 0 => object(Cake\Http\ServerRequest) {}, (int) 1 => object(Cake\Http\Response) {}, (int) 2 => object(Cake\Http\Runner) {} ] ], (int) 7 => [ 'file' => '/home/brlfuser/public_html/vendor/cakephp/cakephp/src/Routing/Middleware/RoutingMiddleware.php', 'line' => (int) 162, 'function' => '__invoke', 'class' => 'Cake\Http\Runner', 'object' => object(Cake\Http\Runner) {}, 'type' => '->', 'args' => [ (int) 0 => object(Cake\Http\ServerRequest) {}, (int) 1 => object(Cake\Http\Response) {} ] ], (int) 8 => [ 'file' => '/home/brlfuser/public_html/vendor/cakephp/cakephp/src/Http/Runner.php', 'line' => (int) 65, 'function' => '__invoke', 'class' => 'Cake\Routing\Middleware\RoutingMiddleware', 'object' => object(Cake\Routing\Middleware\RoutingMiddleware) {}, 'type' => '->', 'args' => [ (int) 0 => object(Cake\Http\ServerRequest) {}, (int) 1 => object(Cake\Http\Response) {}, (int) 2 => object(Cake\Http\Runner) {} ] ], (int) 9 => [ 'file' => '/home/brlfuser/public_html/vendor/cakephp/cakephp/src/Routing/Middleware/AssetMiddleware.php', 'line' => (int) 97, 'function' => '__invoke', 'class' => 'Cake\Http\Runner', 'object' => object(Cake\Http\Runner) {}, 'type' => '->', 'args' => [ (int) 0 => object(Cake\Http\ServerRequest) {}, (int) 1 => object(Cake\Http\Response) {} ] ], (int) 10 => [ 'file' => '/home/brlfuser/public_html/vendor/cakephp/cakephp/src/Http/Runner.php', 'line' => (int) 65, 'function' => '__invoke', 'class' => 'Cake\Routing\Middleware\AssetMiddleware', 'object' => object(Cake\Routing\Middleware\AssetMiddleware) {}, 'type' => '->', 'args' => [ (int) 0 => object(Cake\Http\ServerRequest) {}, (int) 1 => object(Cake\Http\Response) {}, (int) 2 => object(Cake\Http\Runner) {} ] ], (int) 11 => [ 'file' => '/home/brlfuser/public_html/vendor/cakephp/cakephp/src/Error/Middleware/ErrorHandlerMiddleware.php', 'line' => (int) 96, 'function' => '__invoke', 'class' => 'Cake\Http\Runner', 'object' => object(Cake\Http\Runner) {}, 'type' => '->', 'args' => [ (int) 0 => object(Cake\Http\ServerRequest) {}, (int) 1 => object(Cake\Http\Response) {} ] ], (int) 12 => [ 'file' => '/home/brlfuser/public_html/vendor/cakephp/cakephp/src/Http/Runner.php', 'line' => (int) 65, 'function' => '__invoke', 'class' => 'Cake\Error\Middleware\ErrorHandlerMiddleware', 'object' => object(Cake\Error\Middleware\ErrorHandlerMiddleware) {}, 'type' => '->', 'args' => [ (int) 0 => object(Cake\Http\ServerRequest) {}, (int) 1 => object(Cake\Http\Response) {}, (int) 2 => object(Cake\Http\Runner) {} ] ], (int) 13 => [ 'file' => '/home/brlfuser/public_html/vendor/cakephp/cakephp/src/Http/Runner.php', 'line' => (int) 51, 'function' => '__invoke', 'class' => 'Cake\Http\Runner', 'object' => object(Cake\Http\Runner) {}, 'type' => '->', 'args' => [ (int) 0 => object(Cake\Http\ServerRequest) {}, (int) 1 => object(Cake\Http\Response) {} ] ], (int) 14 => [ 'file' => '/home/brlfuser/public_html/vendor/cakephp/cakephp/src/Http/Server.php', 'line' => (int) 98, 'function' => 'run', 'class' => 'Cake\Http\Runner', 'object' => object(Cake\Http\Runner) {}, 'type' => '->', 'args' => [ (int) 0 => object(Cake\Http\MiddlewareQueue) {}, (int) 1 => object(Cake\Http\ServerRequest) {}, (int) 2 => object(Cake\Http\Response) {} ] ], (int) 15 => [ 'file' => '/home/brlfuser/public_html/webroot/index.php', 'line' => (int) 39, 'function' => 'run', 'class' => 'Cake\Http\Server', 'object' => object(Cake\Http\Server) {}, 'type' => '->', 'args' => [] ] ] $frame = [ 'file' => '/home/brlfuser/public_html/src/Controller/ArtileDetailController.php', 'line' => (int) 151, 'function' => 'offsetGet', 'class' => 'Cake\Http\ServerRequest', 'object' => object(Cake\Http\ServerRequest) { trustProxy => false [protected] params => [ [maximum depth reached] ] [protected] data => [[maximum depth reached]] [protected] query => [ [maximum depth reached] ] [protected] cookies => [[maximum depth reached]] [protected] _environment => [ [maximum depth reached] ] [protected] url => 'empowerment/gender-3280.html' [protected] base => '' [protected] webroot => '/' [protected] here => '/empowerment/gender-3280.html' [protected] trustedProxies => [[maximum depth reached]] [protected] _input => null [protected] _detectors => [ [maximum depth reached] ] [protected] _detectorCache => [ [maximum depth reached] ] [protected] stream => object(Zend\Diactoros\PhpInputStream) {} [protected] uri => object(Zend\Diactoros\Uri) {} [protected] session => object(Cake\Http\Session) {} [protected] attributes => [[maximum depth reached]] [protected] emulatedAttributes => [ [maximum depth reached] ] [protected] uploadedFiles => [[maximum depth reached]] [protected] protocol => null [protected] requestTarget => null [private] deprecatedProperties => [ [maximum depth reached] ] }, 'type' => '->', 'args' => [ (int) 0 => 'artileslug' ] ]deprecationWarning - CORE/src/Core/functions.php, line 311 Cake\Http\ServerRequest::offsetGet() - CORE/src/Http/ServerRequest.php, line 2421 App\Controller\ArtileDetailController::index() - APP/Controller/ArtileDetailController.php, line 151 Cake\Controller\Controller::invokeAction() - CORE/src/Controller/Controller.php, line 610 Cake\Http\ActionDispatcher::_invoke() - CORE/src/Http/ActionDispatcher.php, line 120 Cake\Http\ActionDispatcher::dispatch() - CORE/src/Http/ActionDispatcher.php, line 94 Cake\Http\BaseApplication::__invoke() - CORE/src/Http/BaseApplication.php, line 235 Cake\Http\Runner::__invoke() - CORE/src/Http/Runner.php, line 65 Cake\Routing\Middleware\RoutingMiddleware::__invoke() - CORE/src/Routing/Middleware/RoutingMiddleware.php, line 162 Cake\Http\Runner::__invoke() - CORE/src/Http/Runner.php, line 65 Cake\Routing\Middleware\AssetMiddleware::__invoke() - CORE/src/Routing/Middleware/AssetMiddleware.php, line 97 Cake\Http\Runner::__invoke() - CORE/src/Http/Runner.php, line 65 Cake\Error\Middleware\ErrorHandlerMiddleware::__invoke() - CORE/src/Error/Middleware/ErrorHandlerMiddleware.php, line 96 Cake\Http\Runner::__invoke() - CORE/src/Http/Runner.php, line 65 Cake\Http\Runner::run() - CORE/src/Http/Runner.php, line 51 Cake\Http\Server::run() - CORE/src/Http/Server.php, line 98
Warning (512): Unable to emit headers. Headers sent in file=/home/brlfuser/public_html/vendor/cakephp/cakephp/src/Error/Debugger.php line=853 [CORE/src/Http/ResponseEmitter.php, line 48]Code Contextif (Configure::read('debug')) {trigger_error($message, E_USER_WARNING);} else {$response = object(Cake\Http\Response) { 'status' => (int) 200, 'contentType' => 'text/html', 'headers' => [ 'Content-Type' => [ [maximum depth reached] ] ], 'file' => null, 'fileRange' => [], 'cookies' => object(Cake\Http\Cookie\CookieCollection) {}, 'cacheDirectives' => [], 'body' => '<!DOCTYPE html> <!--[if lt IE 7 ]> <html class="ie ie6" lang='en'> <![endif]--> <!--[if IE 7 ]> <html class="ie ie7" lang='en'> <![endif]--> <!--[if IE 8 ]> <html class="ie ie8" lang='en'> <![endif]--> <!--[if (gte IE 9)|!(IE)]><!--> <html lang='en'> <!--<![endif]--> <head><meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=utf-8"> <title> Empowerment | GENDER </title> <meta name="description" content="KEY TRENDS • Maternal Mortality Ratio for India was 370 in 2000, 286 in 2005, 210 in 2010, 158 in 2015 and 145 in 2017. 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href="https://im4change.in/empowerment/gender-3280/print" rel="nofollow"> <img src="https://im4change.in/images/icon-print.png?1582080630" border="0" width="24" align="right" alt="Share this article"/> </a> </section> <div class="clear"></div> <div style="padding-top: 10px;"> <div class="innerLineHeight"> <div class="middleContent innerInput empowerment"> <table> <tr> <td> <div class="rightSideContent" style="float: right; width: 300px; margin-left: 10px;"> <div class="box warning" style="padding: 12px;"> <div class="box-inner-block" style="padding-left: 0px;"> <div class="starlist"> <h2 style="font-weight: bold; font-size: 13px;">What's Inside</h2> <ul class="whatsinside"> <li> <a href="https://im4change.in/empowerment/gender-3280.html?pgno=2#sample-registration-system-statistical-report-2020-released-in-september-2022">Sample Registration System Statistical Report 2020 (released in September 2022)</a> </li> <li> <a href="https://im4change.in/empowerment/gender-3280.html?pgno=3#world-population-prospects-2022-released-on-july-11-2022">World Population Prospects 2022 (released on July 11, 2022)</a> </li> <li> <a href="https://im4change.in/empowerment/gender-3280.html?pgno=4#landmark-cases-of-caste-based-sexual-violence-from-1985-2020-released-on-14th-september-2021">Landmark Cases of Caste-based Sexual Violence from 1985-2020 (released on 14th September, 2021)</a> </li> <li> <a href="https://im4change.in/empowerment/gender-3280.html?pgno=4#legal-barriers-to-accessing-safe-abortion-services-in-india-a-fact-finding-study-published-in-2021">Legal Barriers to Accessing Safe Abortion Services in India: A Fact Finding Study (published in 2021)</a> </li> <li> <a href="https://im4change.in/empowerment/gender-3280.html?pgno=4#unfpa-state-of-world-population-report-2021-titled-my-body-is-my-own-released-in-april-2021">UNFPA State of World Population Report 2021 titled My Body is My Own (released in April, 2021)</a> </li> <li> <a href="https://im4change.in/empowerment/gender-3280.html?pgno=5#sexual-violence-in-south-asia-legal-and-other-barriers-to-justice-for-survivors-published-in-april-2021">Sexual Violence in South Asia: Legal and Other Barriers to Justice for Survivors (published in April, 2021)</a> </li> <li> <a href="https://im4change.in/empowerment/gender-3280.html?pgno=6#justice-denied-sexual-violence-and-intersectional-discrimination-barriers-to-accessing-justice-for-dalit-women-and-girls-in-haryana-released-in-november-2020">Justice Denied: Sexual Violence and Intersectional Discrimination - Barriers to Accessing Justice for Dalit Women and Girls in Haryana (released in November 2020)</a> </li> <li> <a href="https://im4change.in/empowerment/gender-3280.html?pgno=7#against-my-will-defying-the-practices-that-harm-women-and-girls-and-undermine-equality-released-in-june-2020">Against My Will - Defying the practices that harm women and girls and undermine equality (released in June 2020)</a> </li> <li> <a href="https://im4change.in/empowerment/gender-3280.html?pgno=8#trends-in-maternal-mortality-2000-to-2017-estimates-by-who-unicef-world-bank-group-unfpa-and-the-united-nations-population-division-released-in-september-2019">Trends in Maternal Mortality 2000 to 2017: Estimates by WHO, UNICEF, World Bank Group, UNFPA and the United Nations Population Division (released in September 2019)</a> </li> <li> <a href="https://im4change.in/empowerment/gender-3280.html?pgno=9#women-and-men-in-india-2015">Women and Men in India 2015</a> </li> </ul> <div><a href="javascript:void(0)" id="morewhatsinsidelink" onClick="javascript:$('#morewhatsinside').show();$('#morewhatsinsidelink').hide();$('#lesswhatsinsidelink').show();">More</a></div> <ul class="whatsinside" id="morewhatsinside" style="display:none"> <li> <a href="https://im4change.in/empowerment/gender-3280.html?pgno=10#women-in-business-and-management-gaining-momentum-published-in-january-2015">Women in Business and Management: Gaining Momentum (published in January 2015)</a> </li> <li> <a href="https://im4change.in/empowerment/gender-3280.html?pgno=11#women-and-men-in-india-2014">Women and Men in India 2014</a> </li> <li> <a href="https://im4change.in/empowerment/gender-3280.html?pgno=12#the-law-and-son-preference-in-india-a-reality-check">The Law and Son Preference in India: A Reality Check</a> </li> <li> <a href="https://im4change.in/empowerment/gender-3280.html?pgno=13#gender-pay-gap-in-the-formal-sector-2006-2013">Gender Pay Gap in the Formal Sector: 2006-2013</a> </li> <li> <a href="https://im4change.in/empowerment/gender-3280.html?pgno=13#women-and-men-in-india-2013">Women and Men in India 2013</a> </li> <li> <a href="https://im4change.in/empowerment/gender-3280.html?pgno=14#global-and-regional-estimates-of-violence-against-women">Global and Regional Estimates of Violence against Women</a> </li> <li> <a href="https://im4change.in/empowerment/gender-3280.html?pgno=15#tied-in-a-knot-cross-region-marriages-in-haryana-and-rajasthan">Tied in a Knot: Cross-region Marriages in Haryana and Rajasthan</a> </li> <li> <a href="https://im4change.in/empowerment/gender-3280.html?pgno=16#the-state-of-world-population-2012">The State of World Population 2012</a> </li> <li> <a href="https://im4change.in/empowerment/gender-3280.html?pgno=17#progress-for-children-a-report-card-on-adolescents-unicef-2012">Progress for Children: A Report Card on Adolescents (UNICEF-2012)</a> </li> <li> <a href="https://im4change.in/empowerment/gender-3280.html?pgno=18#ldquothe-economic-rights-entitlements-of-separated-and-divorced-women-indiardquo">“The Economic Rights & Entitlements of Separated and Divorced Women India,”</a> </li> <li> <a href="https://im4change.in/empowerment/gender-3280.html?pgno=19#women-and-men-in-india-2011">Women and Men in India 2011</a> </li> <li> <a href="https://im4change.in/empowerment/gender-3280.html?pgno=20#world-development-report-2012-gender-equality-and-development">World Development Report 2012-Gender Equality and Development</a> </li> <li> <a href="https://im4change.in/empowerment/gender-3280.html?pgno=21#progress-of-the-world39s-women-in-pursuit-of-justice-2011-12">Progress of the World's Women: In Pursuit of Justice 2011-12</a> </li> <li> <a href="https://im4change.in/empowerment/gender-3280.html?pgno=21#women-and-labour-markets-in-asia-rebalancing-for-gender-equality-2011">Women and Labour Markets in Asia: Rebalancing for Gender Equality (2011)</a> </li> <li> <a href="https://im4change.in/empowerment/gender-3280.html?pgno=22#the-world39s-women-and-girls-2011">The World's Women and Girls: 2011</a> </li> <li> <a href="https://im4change.in/empowerment/gender-3280.html?pgno=22#the-state-of-food-and-agriculture-2010-2011-women-in-agriculture">The State of Food and Agriculture 2010-2011 Women in Agriculture</a> </li> <li> <a href="https://im4change.in/empowerment/gender-3280.html?pgno=22#gender-dimensions-of-agricultural-and-rural-employment">Gender dimensions of agricultural and rural employment</a> </li> <li> <a href="https://im4change.in/empowerment/gender-3280.html?pgno=23#report-on-conditions-of-work-and-promotion-of-livelihoods-in-the-unorganised-sector">Report on Conditions of Work and Promotion of Livelihoods in the Unorganised Sector</a> </li> <li> <a href="https://im4change.in/empowerment/gender-3280.html?pgno=23#the-eu-india-fta-in-agriculture-and-likely-impact-on-indian-women">The EU India FTA in Agriculture and Likely Impact on Indian Women</a> </li> <li> <a href="https://im4change.in/empowerment/gender-3280.html?pgno=24#investing-in-women-as-drivers-of-agricultural-growth">Investing in Women as Drivers of Agricultural Growth</a> </li> <li> <a href="https://im4change.in/empowerment/gender-3280.html?pgno=24#factsheet-women-farmers-and-food-security">Factsheet: Women Farmers and Food Security</a> </li> <li> <a href="https://im4change.in/empowerment/gender-3280.html?pgno=24#characteristics-of-sex-ratio-imbalance-in-india-and-future-scenarios">Characteristics of Sex-Ratio Imbalance in India, and Future Scenarios </a> </li> </ul> <div><a style="display:none" href="javascript:void(0)" id="lesswhatsinsidelink" onClick="javascript:$('#morewhatsinside').hide();$('#morewhatsinsidelink').show();$('#lesswhatsinsidelink').hide();">Less</a></div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div> </p><p style="text-align:justify"> </p><p style="text-align:justify">The key findings of the report entitled <a name="gender-pay-gap-in-the-formal-sector-2006-2013">Gender Pay Gap in the Formal Sector: 2006-2013</a> -WageIndicator Data Report (Preliminary Evidences from Paycheck India Data) can be accessed from <a href="https://im4change.org/latest-news-updates/gender-pay-gap-in-the-formal-sector-2006-2013-23317.html" title="https://im4change.org/latest-news-updates/gender-pay-gap-in-the-formal-sector-2006-2013-23317.html">here</a>. Please <a href="https://im4change.in/siteadmin/tinymce/uploaded/Gender%20Gap%20in%20Wages%20and%20Income.pdf" title="https://im4change.in/siteadmin/tinymce/uploaded/Gender%20Gap%20in%20Wages%20and%20Income.pdf">click here</a> to download the report.</p><p style="text-align:justify"><br />According to the report entitled: <a name="women-and-men-in-india-2013">Women and Men in India 2013</a>, 15th Issue, Central Statistics Office, Ministry of Statistics and Programme Implementation (please click to download <a href="https://im4change.in/siteadmin/tinymce/uploaded/women%20and%20men%20in%20india%202013%2015th%20issue.pdf" title="Women and Men in India" title="https://im4change.in/siteadmin/tinymce/uploaded/women%20and%20men%20in%20india%202013%2015th%20issue.pdf" title="Women and Men in India">part 1</a> and <a href="https://im4change.in/siteadmin/tinymce/uploaded/women_men_Part2_2013_Tables.xls" title="Women and Men in India part 2" title="https://im4change.in/siteadmin/tinymce/uploaded/women_men_Part2_2013_Tables.xls" title="Women and Men in India part 2">part 2</a> of the report):<br /><br /><strong><em>Population and Vital Statistics</em></strong><br /><br />• The sex ratio (number of females per 1000 males) at the national level is 943. Rural sex ratio is 949 and the urban is 929. Among the States, Kerala at 1084 has the highest sex ratio followed by Puducherry at 1037. Daman and Diu has the lowest sex ratio of 618 in the country.<br /><br />• The mean age at effective marriage for females stood at 21.2 years in 2011. Among the major States, the highest mean age at effective marriage was 22.6 years for Kerala and the lowest was 20.3 years for West Bengal.<br /><br />• 60.8% of the rural female migrants migrated due to marriage followed by 29.4% due to movement of parents/earning member in 2007-08. A high 55.7% of the male migrants migrated due to employment reasons followed by 25.2% due to movement of parents/earning member in the same period.<br /><br /><strong><em>Health and Well-Being</em></strong><br /><br />• The female Infant Mortality Rate (IMR) was 46 compared with the male IMR of 43 and the overall IMR of 44 in 2011. Among the major States, the highest overall IMR of 59 was observed in Madhya Pradesh and the lowest of 12 in Kerala in 2011.<br /><br />• As per the Annual Health Survey 2010-11, the Underfive Mortality Rate was the highest in Madhya Pradesh (89) followed by Odisha (82) and Rajasthan (79) among the 9 Empowered Action Group States of Assam, Bihar, Chhattisgarh, Jharkhand, Madhya Pradesh, Odisha, Rajasthan, Uttarakahnd and Uttar Pradesh.<br /><br />• The Maternal Mortality Ratio was 212 during 2007-09. Among the States, it was highest in Assam (390) followed by Uttar Pradesh (359) and Rajasthan (318).<br /><br />• 47.0% of the deliveries took place at a health facility in 2007-08. Share of women who received ante natal care was 76.9% during this period.<br /><br />• During 2012-13, the pattern of acceptance of different family planning methods in India was as follows: vasectomy – 0.4%, tubectomy – 14.8%, IUD insertion – 17.9%, equivalent conventional contraceptive users – 46.2% and equivalent oral pills users – 20.7%.<br /><br /><strong><em>Participation in Economy</em></strong><br /><br />• As per Census 2011, the workforce participation rate for females at the national level stands at 25.51% compared with 53.26% for males. In the rural sector, females have a workforce participation rate of 30.02% compared with 53.03% for males. In the urban sector, it is 15.44% for females and 53.76% for males.<br /><br />• As per Census 2011, 41.1% of female main and marginal workers are agricultural labourers, 24.0% are cultivators, 5.7% are household industry workers and 29.2% are engaged in other works.<br /><br />• As per National Sample Survey (68th Round), the worker population ratio for females in rural sector was 24.8 in 2011-12 while that for males was 54.3. In Urban sector, it was 14.7 for females and 54.6 for males. Among the States/UTs, worker population ratio for females in the rural sector was the highest in Himachal Pradesh at 52.4% and in the urban sector, it was the highest in Sikkim at 27.3%.<br /><br />• In the rural sector, 59.3% females were self-employed, 5.6% females had regular wage/salaried employment and 35.1% females were casual labours compared with 54.5%, 10.0% and 35.5% males in the same categories respectively in 2011-12.<br /><br />• A total of 20.5% women were employed in the organized sector in 2011 with 18.1% working in the public sector and 24.3% in the private.<br /><br />• The labour force participation rate for women across all age-groups was 25.3 in rural sector and 15.5 in urban sector compared with 55.3 and 56.3 for men in the rural and urban sectors respectively in 2011-12 (NSS 68th Round).<br /><br />• The unemployment rate for women of all ages was at par with men at 1.7 in the rural areas in 2011-12. It was 5.2 for women and 3.0 for men in urban areas during the same period.<br /><br />• The share of women in the person days employed through MGNREGA stood at 51.0% in 2012-13 (all districts with rural areas).<br /><br />• In 2012-13, the share of women swarojgaris in the total swarojgaris assisted under the Swarnjayanti Gram Swarojgaar Yojna (SGSY) stood at 81.4%.<br /><br />• In 2011-12, the average wage/salary received by regular wage/salaried employees of age 15-59 years was Rs. 201.56 per day for females compared with Rs. 322.28 per day for males in rural areas. For urban areas, it was Rs. 366.15 and Rs. 469.87 per day for females and males respectively.<br /><br /><strong><em>Literacy and Education</em></strong><br /><br />• As per Census 2011, 73.0% of the population is literate comprising 64.6% females and 80.9% males. The incremental increase over Census 2001 of 10.5% for females is higher than 5.0% for males.<br /><br />• Among the States/UTs, the female literacy rate is the highest in Kerala at 92.1% followed by Mizoram at 89.3%. The highest male literacy rate is also observed in Kerala at 96.1% followed by Lakshdweep at 95.6% as per Census 2011.<br /><br />• The Gross Enrolment Ratio (GER) for females at the primary level stood at 116.7 compared with 115.4 for males in 2010-11. At the Middle Classes level, the GER for females was 83.1 while that for males was 87.7.<br /><br /><strong><em>Participation in Decision-making</em></strong><br /><br />• In 2013, women occupied only 12 out of 78 Ministerial positions in the Central Council of Ministers. There were 2 women judges out of 26 judges in the Supreme Court and there were only 52 women judges out of 614 judges in different High Courts<br /><br />• There were 342.2 million female electors in the Fifteenth General Elections in 2009 out of which 55.8% exercised their voting rights. There were 374.7 million male electors and 60.3% exercised their voting rights.<br /><br />• In the Fifteenth General Elections, 2009, 556 female candidates contested the elections and 59 got elected giving them a winning percentage of 10.6. The winning percentage for male candidates stood at 6.4 with 7514 candidates contesting and 484 getting elected.</p><p style="text-align:justify"> </p><p style="text-align:justify"> <br> <div align="center" class="pagination"> <span><a href="https://im4change.in/empowerment/gender-3280.html?pgno=12" class="articlepagination">« previous</a></span><span><a href="https://im4change.in/empowerment/gender-3280.html?pgno=1" class="articlepagination">1</a></span><span><a href="https://im4change.in/empowerment/gender-3280.html?pgno=2" class="articlepagination">2</a></span><span><a href="https://im4change.in/empowerment/gender-3280.html?pgno=3" class="articlepagination">3</a></span><span><a href="https://im4change.in/empowerment/gender-3280.html?pgno=4" class="articlepagination">4</a></span><span><a href="https://im4change.in/empowerment/gender-3280.html?pgno=5" class="articlepagination">5</a></span><span><a href="https://im4change.in/empowerment/gender-3280.html?pgno=6" class="articlepagination">6</a></span><span><a href="https://im4change.in/empowerment/gender-3280.html?pgno=7" class="articlepagination">7</a></span><span><a href="https://im4change.in/empowerment/gender-3280.html?pgno=8" class="articlepagination">8</a></span><span><a href="https://im4change.in/empowerment/gender-3280.html?pgno=9" class="articlepagination">9</a></span><span><a href="https://im4change.in/empowerment/gender-3280.html?pgno=10" class="articlepagination">10</a></span><span><a href="https://im4change.in/empowerment/gender-3280.html?pgno=11" class="articlepagination">11</a></span><span><a href="https://im4change.in/empowerment/gender-3280.html?pgno=12" class="articlepagination">12</a></span><span class="current">13</span><span><a href="https://im4change.in/empowerment/gender-3280.html?pgno=14" class="articlepagination">14</a></span><span><a href="https://im4change.in/empowerment/gender-3280.html?pgno=15" class="articlepagination">15</a></span><span><a href="https://im4change.in/empowerment/gender-3280.html?pgno=16" class="articlepagination">16</a></span><span><a href="https://im4change.in/empowerment/gender-3280.html?pgno=17" class="articlepagination">17</a></span><span><a href="https://im4change.in/empowerment/gender-3280.html?pgno=18" class="articlepagination">18</a></span><span><a href="https://im4change.in/empowerment/gender-3280.html?pgno=19" class="articlepagination">19</a></span><span><a href="https://im4change.in/empowerment/gender-3280.html?pgno=20" class="articlepagination">20</a></span><span><a href="https://im4change.in/empowerment/gender-3280.html?pgno=21" class="articlepagination">21</a></span><span><a href="https://im4change.in/empowerment/gender-3280.html?pgno=22" class="articlepagination">22</a></span><span><a href="https://im4change.in/empowerment/gender-3280.html?pgno=23" class="articlepagination">23</a></span><span><a href="https://im4change.in/empowerment/gender-3280.html?pgno=24" class="articlepagination">24</a></span><span><a href="https://im4change.in/empowerment/gender-3280.html?pgno=14" class="articlepagination">next »</a></span> </div> </div> </td> </tr> </table> </div> </div> </div> <div class="clear"></div> <br><a href='/experts.php' class='re'>Rural Expert</a><div class="clear"></div> <div class="clear"></div> <div class="comment-respond" id="respond"> <a name="commentbox"> </a> <h3 class="comment-reply-title" id="reply-title">Write Comments</h3> <form method="post" accept-charset="utf-8" role="form" action="/empowerment/gender-3280.html?pgno=13"><div style="display:none;"><input type="hidden" name="_method" value="POST"/></div> <form class="comment-form" id="commentform" method="post" action="#commentbox" onSubmit="return validate()" name="cmtform"> <input type="hidden" name="cmttype" value="articlecmt"/> <input type="hidden" name="article_id" value="3193"/> <p class="comment-notes">Your email address will not be published. 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href="https://im4change.in/empowerment/gender-3280/print" rel="nofollow"> <img src="https://im4change.in/images/icon-print.png?1582080630" border="0" width="24" align="right" alt="Share this article"/> </a> </section> <div class="clear"></div> <div style="padding-top: 10px;"> <div class="innerLineHeight"> <div class="middleContent innerInput empowerment"> <table> <tr> <td> <div class="rightSideContent" style="float: right; width: 300px; margin-left: 10px;"> <div class="box warning" style="padding: 12px;"> <div class="box-inner-block" style="padding-left: 0px;"> <div class="starlist"> <h2 style="font-weight: bold; font-size: 13px;">What's Inside</h2> <ul class="whatsinside"> <li> <a href="https://im4change.in/empowerment/gender-3280.html?pgno=2#sample-registration-system-statistical-report-2020-released-in-september-2022">Sample Registration System Statistical Report 2020 (released in September 2022)</a> </li> <li> <a href="https://im4change.in/empowerment/gender-3280.html?pgno=3#world-population-prospects-2022-released-on-july-11-2022">World Population Prospects 2022 (released on July 11, 2022)</a> </li> <li> <a href="https://im4change.in/empowerment/gender-3280.html?pgno=4#landmark-cases-of-caste-based-sexual-violence-from-1985-2020-released-on-14th-september-2021">Landmark Cases of Caste-based Sexual Violence from 1985-2020 (released on 14th September, 2021)</a> </li> <li> <a href="https://im4change.in/empowerment/gender-3280.html?pgno=4#legal-barriers-to-accessing-safe-abortion-services-in-india-a-fact-finding-study-published-in-2021">Legal Barriers to Accessing Safe Abortion Services in India: A Fact Finding Study (published in 2021)</a> </li> <li> <a href="https://im4change.in/empowerment/gender-3280.html?pgno=4#unfpa-state-of-world-population-report-2021-titled-my-body-is-my-own-released-in-april-2021">UNFPA State of World Population Report 2021 titled My Body is My Own (released in April, 2021)</a> </li> <li> <a href="https://im4change.in/empowerment/gender-3280.html?pgno=5#sexual-violence-in-south-asia-legal-and-other-barriers-to-justice-for-survivors-published-in-april-2021">Sexual Violence in South Asia: Legal and Other Barriers to Justice for Survivors (published in April, 2021)</a> </li> <li> <a href="https://im4change.in/empowerment/gender-3280.html?pgno=6#justice-denied-sexual-violence-and-intersectional-discrimination-barriers-to-accessing-justice-for-dalit-women-and-girls-in-haryana-released-in-november-2020">Justice Denied: Sexual Violence and Intersectional Discrimination - Barriers to Accessing Justice for Dalit Women and Girls in Haryana (released in November 2020)</a> </li> <li> <a href="https://im4change.in/empowerment/gender-3280.html?pgno=7#against-my-will-defying-the-practices-that-harm-women-and-girls-and-undermine-equality-released-in-june-2020">Against My Will - Defying the practices that harm women and girls and undermine equality (released in June 2020)</a> </li> <li> <a href="https://im4change.in/empowerment/gender-3280.html?pgno=8#trends-in-maternal-mortality-2000-to-2017-estimates-by-who-unicef-world-bank-group-unfpa-and-the-united-nations-population-division-released-in-september-2019">Trends in Maternal Mortality 2000 to 2017: Estimates by WHO, UNICEF, World Bank Group, UNFPA and the United Nations Population Division (released in September 2019)</a> </li> <li> <a href="https://im4change.in/empowerment/gender-3280.html?pgno=9#women-and-men-in-india-2015">Women and Men in India 2015</a> </li> </ul> <div><a href="javascript:void(0)" id="morewhatsinsidelink" onClick="javascript:$('#morewhatsinside').show();$('#morewhatsinsidelink').hide();$('#lesswhatsinsidelink').show();">More</a></div> <ul class="whatsinside" id="morewhatsinside" style="display:none"> <li> <a href="https://im4change.in/empowerment/gender-3280.html?pgno=10#women-in-business-and-management-gaining-momentum-published-in-january-2015">Women in Business and Management: Gaining Momentum (published in January 2015)</a> </li> <li> <a href="https://im4change.in/empowerment/gender-3280.html?pgno=11#women-and-men-in-india-2014">Women and Men in India 2014</a> </li> <li> <a href="https://im4change.in/empowerment/gender-3280.html?pgno=12#the-law-and-son-preference-in-india-a-reality-check">The Law and Son Preference in India: A Reality Check</a> </li> <li> <a href="https://im4change.in/empowerment/gender-3280.html?pgno=13#gender-pay-gap-in-the-formal-sector-2006-2013">Gender Pay Gap in the Formal Sector: 2006-2013</a> </li> <li> <a href="https://im4change.in/empowerment/gender-3280.html?pgno=13#women-and-men-in-india-2013">Women and Men in India 2013</a> </li> <li> <a href="https://im4change.in/empowerment/gender-3280.html?pgno=14#global-and-regional-estimates-of-violence-against-women">Global and Regional Estimates of Violence against Women</a> </li> <li> <a href="https://im4change.in/empowerment/gender-3280.html?pgno=15#tied-in-a-knot-cross-region-marriages-in-haryana-and-rajasthan">Tied in a Knot: Cross-region Marriages in Haryana and Rajasthan</a> </li> <li> <a href="https://im4change.in/empowerment/gender-3280.html?pgno=16#the-state-of-world-population-2012">The State of World Population 2012</a> </li> <li> <a href="https://im4change.in/empowerment/gender-3280.html?pgno=17#progress-for-children-a-report-card-on-adolescents-unicef-2012">Progress for Children: A Report Card on Adolescents (UNICEF-2012)</a> </li> <li> <a href="https://im4change.in/empowerment/gender-3280.html?pgno=18#ldquothe-economic-rights-entitlements-of-separated-and-divorced-women-indiardquo">“The Economic Rights & Entitlements of Separated and Divorced Women India,”</a> </li> <li> <a href="https://im4change.in/empowerment/gender-3280.html?pgno=19#women-and-men-in-india-2011">Women and Men in India 2011</a> </li> <li> <a href="https://im4change.in/empowerment/gender-3280.html?pgno=20#world-development-report-2012-gender-equality-and-development">World Development Report 2012-Gender Equality and Development</a> </li> <li> <a href="https://im4change.in/empowerment/gender-3280.html?pgno=21#progress-of-the-world39s-women-in-pursuit-of-justice-2011-12">Progress of the World's Women: In Pursuit of Justice 2011-12</a> </li> <li> <a href="https://im4change.in/empowerment/gender-3280.html?pgno=21#women-and-labour-markets-in-asia-rebalancing-for-gender-equality-2011">Women and Labour Markets in Asia: Rebalancing for Gender Equality (2011)</a> </li> <li> <a href="https://im4change.in/empowerment/gender-3280.html?pgno=22#the-world39s-women-and-girls-2011">The World's Women and Girls: 2011</a> </li> <li> <a href="https://im4change.in/empowerment/gender-3280.html?pgno=22#the-state-of-food-and-agriculture-2010-2011-women-in-agriculture">The State of Food and Agriculture 2010-2011 Women in Agriculture</a> </li> <li> <a href="https://im4change.in/empowerment/gender-3280.html?pgno=22#gender-dimensions-of-agricultural-and-rural-employment">Gender dimensions of agricultural and rural employment</a> </li> <li> <a href="https://im4change.in/empowerment/gender-3280.html?pgno=23#report-on-conditions-of-work-and-promotion-of-livelihoods-in-the-unorganised-sector">Report on Conditions of Work and Promotion of Livelihoods in the Unorganised Sector</a> </li> <li> <a href="https://im4change.in/empowerment/gender-3280.html?pgno=23#the-eu-india-fta-in-agriculture-and-likely-impact-on-indian-women">The EU India FTA in Agriculture and Likely Impact on Indian Women</a> </li> <li> <a href="https://im4change.in/empowerment/gender-3280.html?pgno=24#investing-in-women-as-drivers-of-agricultural-growth">Investing in Women as Drivers of Agricultural Growth</a> </li> <li> <a href="https://im4change.in/empowerment/gender-3280.html?pgno=24#factsheet-women-farmers-and-food-security">Factsheet: Women Farmers and Food Security</a> </li> <li> <a href="https://im4change.in/empowerment/gender-3280.html?pgno=24#characteristics-of-sex-ratio-imbalance-in-india-and-future-scenarios">Characteristics of Sex-Ratio Imbalance in India, and Future Scenarios </a> </li> </ul> <div><a style="display:none" href="javascript:void(0)" id="lesswhatsinsidelink" onClick="javascript:$('#morewhatsinside').hide();$('#morewhatsinsidelink').show();$('#lesswhatsinsidelink').hide();">Less</a></div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div> </p><p style="text-align:justify"> </p><p style="text-align:justify">The key findings of the report entitled <a name="gender-pay-gap-in-the-formal-sector-2006-2013">Gender Pay Gap in the Formal Sector: 2006-2013</a> -WageIndicator Data Report (Preliminary Evidences from Paycheck India Data) can be accessed from <a href="https://im4change.org/latest-news-updates/gender-pay-gap-in-the-formal-sector-2006-2013-23317.html" title="https://im4change.org/latest-news-updates/gender-pay-gap-in-the-formal-sector-2006-2013-23317.html">here</a>. Please <a href="https://im4change.in/siteadmin/tinymce/uploaded/Gender%20Gap%20in%20Wages%20and%20Income.pdf" title="https://im4change.in/siteadmin/tinymce/uploaded/Gender%20Gap%20in%20Wages%20and%20Income.pdf">click here</a> to download the report.</p><p style="text-align:justify"><br />According to the report entitled: <a name="women-and-men-in-india-2013">Women and Men in India 2013</a>, 15th Issue, Central Statistics Office, Ministry of Statistics and Programme Implementation (please click to download <a href="https://im4change.in/siteadmin/tinymce/uploaded/women%20and%20men%20in%20india%202013%2015th%20issue.pdf" title="Women and Men in India" title="https://im4change.in/siteadmin/tinymce/uploaded/women%20and%20men%20in%20india%202013%2015th%20issue.pdf" title="Women and Men in India">part 1</a> and <a href="https://im4change.in/siteadmin/tinymce/uploaded/women_men_Part2_2013_Tables.xls" title="Women and Men in India part 2" title="https://im4change.in/siteadmin/tinymce/uploaded/women_men_Part2_2013_Tables.xls" title="Women and Men in India part 2">part 2</a> of the report):<br /><br /><strong><em>Population and Vital Statistics</em></strong><br /><br />• The sex ratio (number of females per 1000 males) at the national level is 943. Rural sex ratio is 949 and the urban is 929. Among the States, Kerala at 1084 has the highest sex ratio followed by Puducherry at 1037. Daman and Diu has the lowest sex ratio of 618 in the country.<br /><br />• The mean age at effective marriage for females stood at 21.2 years in 2011. Among the major States, the highest mean age at effective marriage was 22.6 years for Kerala and the lowest was 20.3 years for West Bengal.<br /><br />• 60.8% of the rural female migrants migrated due to marriage followed by 29.4% due to movement of parents/earning member in 2007-08. A high 55.7% of the male migrants migrated due to employment reasons followed by 25.2% due to movement of parents/earning member in the same period.<br /><br /><strong><em>Health and Well-Being</em></strong><br /><br />• The female Infant Mortality Rate (IMR) was 46 compared with the male IMR of 43 and the overall IMR of 44 in 2011. Among the major States, the highest overall IMR of 59 was observed in Madhya Pradesh and the lowest of 12 in Kerala in 2011.<br /><br />• As per the Annual Health Survey 2010-11, the Underfive Mortality Rate was the highest in Madhya Pradesh (89) followed by Odisha (82) and Rajasthan (79) among the 9 Empowered Action Group States of Assam, Bihar, Chhattisgarh, Jharkhand, Madhya Pradesh, Odisha, Rajasthan, Uttarakahnd and Uttar Pradesh.<br /><br />• The Maternal Mortality Ratio was 212 during 2007-09. Among the States, it was highest in Assam (390) followed by Uttar Pradesh (359) and Rajasthan (318).<br /><br />• 47.0% of the deliveries took place at a health facility in 2007-08. Share of women who received ante natal care was 76.9% during this period.<br /><br />• During 2012-13, the pattern of acceptance of different family planning methods in India was as follows: vasectomy – 0.4%, tubectomy – 14.8%, IUD insertion – 17.9%, equivalent conventional contraceptive users – 46.2% and equivalent oral pills users – 20.7%.<br /><br /><strong><em>Participation in Economy</em></strong><br /><br />• As per Census 2011, the workforce participation rate for females at the national level stands at 25.51% compared with 53.26% for males. In the rural sector, females have a workforce participation rate of 30.02% compared with 53.03% for males. In the urban sector, it is 15.44% for females and 53.76% for males.<br /><br />• As per Census 2011, 41.1% of female main and marginal workers are agricultural labourers, 24.0% are cultivators, 5.7% are household industry workers and 29.2% are engaged in other works.<br /><br />• As per National Sample Survey (68th Round), the worker population ratio for females in rural sector was 24.8 in 2011-12 while that for males was 54.3. In Urban sector, it was 14.7 for females and 54.6 for males. Among the States/UTs, worker population ratio for females in the rural sector was the highest in Himachal Pradesh at 52.4% and in the urban sector, it was the highest in Sikkim at 27.3%.<br /><br />• In the rural sector, 59.3% females were self-employed, 5.6% females had regular wage/salaried employment and 35.1% females were casual labours compared with 54.5%, 10.0% and 35.5% males in the same categories respectively in 2011-12.<br /><br />• A total of 20.5% women were employed in the organized sector in 2011 with 18.1% working in the public sector and 24.3% in the private.<br /><br />• The labour force participation rate for women across all age-groups was 25.3 in rural sector and 15.5 in urban sector compared with 55.3 and 56.3 for men in the rural and urban sectors respectively in 2011-12 (NSS 68th Round).<br /><br />• The unemployment rate for women of all ages was at par with men at 1.7 in the rural areas in 2011-12. It was 5.2 for women and 3.0 for men in urban areas during the same period.<br /><br />• The share of women in the person days employed through MGNREGA stood at 51.0% in 2012-13 (all districts with rural areas).<br /><br />• In 2012-13, the share of women swarojgaris in the total swarojgaris assisted under the Swarnjayanti Gram Swarojgaar Yojna (SGSY) stood at 81.4%.<br /><br />• In 2011-12, the average wage/salary received by regular wage/salaried employees of age 15-59 years was Rs. 201.56 per day for females compared with Rs. 322.28 per day for males in rural areas. For urban areas, it was Rs. 366.15 and Rs. 469.87 per day for females and males respectively.<br /><br /><strong><em>Literacy and Education</em></strong><br /><br />• As per Census 2011, 73.0% of the population is literate comprising 64.6% females and 80.9% males. The incremental increase over Census 2001 of 10.5% for females is higher than 5.0% for males.<br /><br />• Among the States/UTs, the female literacy rate is the highest in Kerala at 92.1% followed by Mizoram at 89.3%. The highest male literacy rate is also observed in Kerala at 96.1% followed by Lakshdweep at 95.6% as per Census 2011.<br /><br />• The Gross Enrolment Ratio (GER) for females at the primary level stood at 116.7 compared with 115.4 for males in 2010-11. At the Middle Classes level, the GER for females was 83.1 while that for males was 87.7.<br /><br /><strong><em>Participation in Decision-making</em></strong><br /><br />• In 2013, women occupied only 12 out of 78 Ministerial positions in the Central Council of Ministers. There were 2 women judges out of 26 judges in the Supreme Court and there were only 52 women judges out of 614 judges in different High Courts<br /><br />• There were 342.2 million female electors in the Fifteenth General Elections in 2009 out of which 55.8% exercised their voting rights. There were 374.7 million male electors and 60.3% exercised their voting rights.<br /><br />• In the Fifteenth General Elections, 2009, 556 female candidates contested the elections and 59 got elected giving them a winning percentage of 10.6. The winning percentage for male candidates stood at 6.4 with 7514 candidates contesting and 484 getting elected.</p><p style="text-align:justify"> </p><p style="text-align:justify"> <br> <div align="center" class="pagination"> <span><a href="https://im4change.in/empowerment/gender-3280.html?pgno=12" class="articlepagination">« previous</a></span><span><a href="https://im4change.in/empowerment/gender-3280.html?pgno=1" class="articlepagination">1</a></span><span><a href="https://im4change.in/empowerment/gender-3280.html?pgno=2" class="articlepagination">2</a></span><span><a href="https://im4change.in/empowerment/gender-3280.html?pgno=3" class="articlepagination">3</a></span><span><a href="https://im4change.in/empowerment/gender-3280.html?pgno=4" class="articlepagination">4</a></span><span><a href="https://im4change.in/empowerment/gender-3280.html?pgno=5" class="articlepagination">5</a></span><span><a href="https://im4change.in/empowerment/gender-3280.html?pgno=6" class="articlepagination">6</a></span><span><a href="https://im4change.in/empowerment/gender-3280.html?pgno=7" class="articlepagination">7</a></span><span><a href="https://im4change.in/empowerment/gender-3280.html?pgno=8" class="articlepagination">8</a></span><span><a href="https://im4change.in/empowerment/gender-3280.html?pgno=9" class="articlepagination">9</a></span><span><a href="https://im4change.in/empowerment/gender-3280.html?pgno=10" class="articlepagination">10</a></span><span><a href="https://im4change.in/empowerment/gender-3280.html?pgno=11" class="articlepagination">11</a></span><span><a href="https://im4change.in/empowerment/gender-3280.html?pgno=12" class="articlepagination">12</a></span><span class="current">13</span><span><a href="https://im4change.in/empowerment/gender-3280.html?pgno=14" class="articlepagination">14</a></span><span><a href="https://im4change.in/empowerment/gender-3280.html?pgno=15" class="articlepagination">15</a></span><span><a href="https://im4change.in/empowerment/gender-3280.html?pgno=16" class="articlepagination">16</a></span><span><a href="https://im4change.in/empowerment/gender-3280.html?pgno=17" class="articlepagination">17</a></span><span><a href="https://im4change.in/empowerment/gender-3280.html?pgno=18" class="articlepagination">18</a></span><span><a href="https://im4change.in/empowerment/gender-3280.html?pgno=19" class="articlepagination">19</a></span><span><a href="https://im4change.in/empowerment/gender-3280.html?pgno=20" class="articlepagination">20</a></span><span><a href="https://im4change.in/empowerment/gender-3280.html?pgno=21" class="articlepagination">21</a></span><span><a href="https://im4change.in/empowerment/gender-3280.html?pgno=22" class="articlepagination">22</a></span><span><a href="https://im4change.in/empowerment/gender-3280.html?pgno=23" class="articlepagination">23</a></span><span><a href="https://im4change.in/empowerment/gender-3280.html?pgno=24" class="articlepagination">24</a></span><span><a href="https://im4change.in/empowerment/gender-3280.html?pgno=14" class="articlepagination">next »</a></span> </div> </div> </td> </tr> </table> </div> </div> </div> <div class="clear"></div> <br><a href='/experts.php' class='re'>Rural Expert</a><div class="clear"></div> <div class="clear"></div> <div class="comment-respond" id="respond"> <a name="commentbox"> </a> <h3 class="comment-reply-title" id="reply-title">Write Comments</h3> <form method="post" accept-charset="utf-8" role="form" action="/empowerment/gender-3280.html?pgno=13"><div style="display:none;"><input type="hidden" name="_method" value="POST"/></div> <form class="comment-form" id="commentform" method="post" action="#commentbox" onSubmit="return validate()" name="cmtform"> <input type="hidden" name="cmttype" value="articlecmt"/> <input type="hidden" name="article_id" value="3193"/> <p class="comment-notes">Your email address will not be published. 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href="https://im4change.in/empowerment/gender-3280/print" rel="nofollow"> <img src="https://im4change.in/images/icon-print.png?1582080630" border="0" width="24" align="right" alt="Share this article"/> </a> </section> <div class="clear"></div> <div style="padding-top: 10px;"> <div class="innerLineHeight"> <div class="middleContent innerInput empowerment"> <table> <tr> <td> <div class="rightSideContent" style="float: right; width: 300px; margin-left: 10px;"> <div class="box warning" style="padding: 12px;"> <div class="box-inner-block" style="padding-left: 0px;"> <div class="starlist"> <h2 style="font-weight: bold; font-size: 13px;">What's Inside</h2> <ul class="whatsinside"> <li> <a href="https://im4change.in/empowerment/gender-3280.html?pgno=2#sample-registration-system-statistical-report-2020-released-in-september-2022">Sample Registration System Statistical Report 2020 (released in September 2022)</a> </li> <li> <a href="https://im4change.in/empowerment/gender-3280.html?pgno=3#world-population-prospects-2022-released-on-july-11-2022">World Population Prospects 2022 (released on July 11, 2022)</a> </li> <li> <a href="https://im4change.in/empowerment/gender-3280.html?pgno=4#landmark-cases-of-caste-based-sexual-violence-from-1985-2020-released-on-14th-september-2021">Landmark Cases of Caste-based Sexual Violence from 1985-2020 (released on 14th September, 2021)</a> </li> <li> <a href="https://im4change.in/empowerment/gender-3280.html?pgno=4#legal-barriers-to-accessing-safe-abortion-services-in-india-a-fact-finding-study-published-in-2021">Legal Barriers to Accessing Safe Abortion Services in India: A Fact Finding Study (published in 2021)</a> </li> <li> <a href="https://im4change.in/empowerment/gender-3280.html?pgno=4#unfpa-state-of-world-population-report-2021-titled-my-body-is-my-own-released-in-april-2021">UNFPA State of World Population Report 2021 titled My Body is My Own (released in April, 2021)</a> </li> <li> <a href="https://im4change.in/empowerment/gender-3280.html?pgno=5#sexual-violence-in-south-asia-legal-and-other-barriers-to-justice-for-survivors-published-in-april-2021">Sexual Violence in South Asia: Legal and Other Barriers to Justice for Survivors (published in April, 2021)</a> </li> <li> <a href="https://im4change.in/empowerment/gender-3280.html?pgno=6#justice-denied-sexual-violence-and-intersectional-discrimination-barriers-to-accessing-justice-for-dalit-women-and-girls-in-haryana-released-in-november-2020">Justice Denied: Sexual Violence and Intersectional Discrimination - Barriers to Accessing Justice for Dalit Women and Girls in Haryana (released in November 2020)</a> </li> <li> <a href="https://im4change.in/empowerment/gender-3280.html?pgno=7#against-my-will-defying-the-practices-that-harm-women-and-girls-and-undermine-equality-released-in-june-2020">Against My Will - Defying the practices that harm women and girls and undermine equality (released in June 2020)</a> </li> <li> <a href="https://im4change.in/empowerment/gender-3280.html?pgno=8#trends-in-maternal-mortality-2000-to-2017-estimates-by-who-unicef-world-bank-group-unfpa-and-the-united-nations-population-division-released-in-september-2019">Trends in Maternal Mortality 2000 to 2017: Estimates by WHO, UNICEF, World Bank Group, UNFPA and the United Nations Population Division (released in September 2019)</a> </li> <li> <a href="https://im4change.in/empowerment/gender-3280.html?pgno=9#women-and-men-in-india-2015">Women and Men in India 2015</a> </li> </ul> <div><a href="javascript:void(0)" id="morewhatsinsidelink" onClick="javascript:$('#morewhatsinside').show();$('#morewhatsinsidelink').hide();$('#lesswhatsinsidelink').show();">More</a></div> <ul class="whatsinside" id="morewhatsinside" style="display:none"> <li> <a href="https://im4change.in/empowerment/gender-3280.html?pgno=10#women-in-business-and-management-gaining-momentum-published-in-january-2015">Women in Business and Management: Gaining Momentum (published in January 2015)</a> </li> <li> <a href="https://im4change.in/empowerment/gender-3280.html?pgno=11#women-and-men-in-india-2014">Women and Men in India 2014</a> </li> <li> <a href="https://im4change.in/empowerment/gender-3280.html?pgno=12#the-law-and-son-preference-in-india-a-reality-check">The Law and Son Preference in India: A Reality Check</a> </li> <li> <a href="https://im4change.in/empowerment/gender-3280.html?pgno=13#gender-pay-gap-in-the-formal-sector-2006-2013">Gender Pay Gap in the Formal Sector: 2006-2013</a> </li> <li> <a href="https://im4change.in/empowerment/gender-3280.html?pgno=13#women-and-men-in-india-2013">Women and Men in India 2013</a> </li> <li> <a href="https://im4change.in/empowerment/gender-3280.html?pgno=14#global-and-regional-estimates-of-violence-against-women">Global and Regional Estimates of Violence against Women</a> </li> <li> <a href="https://im4change.in/empowerment/gender-3280.html?pgno=15#tied-in-a-knot-cross-region-marriages-in-haryana-and-rajasthan">Tied in a Knot: Cross-region Marriages in Haryana and Rajasthan</a> </li> <li> <a href="https://im4change.in/empowerment/gender-3280.html?pgno=16#the-state-of-world-population-2012">The State of World Population 2012</a> </li> <li> <a href="https://im4change.in/empowerment/gender-3280.html?pgno=17#progress-for-children-a-report-card-on-adolescents-unicef-2012">Progress for Children: A Report Card on Adolescents (UNICEF-2012)</a> </li> <li> <a href="https://im4change.in/empowerment/gender-3280.html?pgno=18#ldquothe-economic-rights-entitlements-of-separated-and-divorced-women-indiardquo">“The Economic Rights & Entitlements of Separated and Divorced Women India,”</a> </li> <li> <a href="https://im4change.in/empowerment/gender-3280.html?pgno=19#women-and-men-in-india-2011">Women and Men in India 2011</a> </li> <li> <a href="https://im4change.in/empowerment/gender-3280.html?pgno=20#world-development-report-2012-gender-equality-and-development">World Development Report 2012-Gender Equality and Development</a> </li> <li> <a href="https://im4change.in/empowerment/gender-3280.html?pgno=21#progress-of-the-world39s-women-in-pursuit-of-justice-2011-12">Progress of the World's Women: In Pursuit of Justice 2011-12</a> </li> <li> <a href="https://im4change.in/empowerment/gender-3280.html?pgno=21#women-and-labour-markets-in-asia-rebalancing-for-gender-equality-2011">Women and Labour Markets in Asia: Rebalancing for Gender Equality (2011)</a> </li> <li> <a href="https://im4change.in/empowerment/gender-3280.html?pgno=22#the-world39s-women-and-girls-2011">The World's Women and Girls: 2011</a> </li> <li> <a href="https://im4change.in/empowerment/gender-3280.html?pgno=22#the-state-of-food-and-agriculture-2010-2011-women-in-agriculture">The State of Food and Agriculture 2010-2011 Women in Agriculture</a> </li> <li> <a href="https://im4change.in/empowerment/gender-3280.html?pgno=22#gender-dimensions-of-agricultural-and-rural-employment">Gender dimensions of agricultural and rural employment</a> </li> <li> <a href="https://im4change.in/empowerment/gender-3280.html?pgno=23#report-on-conditions-of-work-and-promotion-of-livelihoods-in-the-unorganised-sector">Report on Conditions of Work and Promotion of Livelihoods in the Unorganised Sector</a> </li> <li> <a href="https://im4change.in/empowerment/gender-3280.html?pgno=23#the-eu-india-fta-in-agriculture-and-likely-impact-on-indian-women">The EU India FTA in Agriculture and Likely Impact on Indian Women</a> </li> <li> <a href="https://im4change.in/empowerment/gender-3280.html?pgno=24#investing-in-women-as-drivers-of-agricultural-growth">Investing in Women as Drivers of Agricultural Growth</a> </li> <li> <a href="https://im4change.in/empowerment/gender-3280.html?pgno=24#factsheet-women-farmers-and-food-security">Factsheet: Women Farmers and Food Security</a> </li> <li> <a href="https://im4change.in/empowerment/gender-3280.html?pgno=24#characteristics-of-sex-ratio-imbalance-in-india-and-future-scenarios">Characteristics of Sex-Ratio Imbalance in India, and Future Scenarios </a> </li> </ul> <div><a style="display:none" href="javascript:void(0)" id="lesswhatsinsidelink" onClick="javascript:$('#morewhatsinside').hide();$('#morewhatsinsidelink').show();$('#lesswhatsinsidelink').hide();">Less</a></div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div> </p><p style="text-align:justify"> </p><p style="text-align:justify">The key findings of the report entitled <a name="gender-pay-gap-in-the-formal-sector-2006-2013">Gender Pay Gap in the Formal Sector: 2006-2013</a> -WageIndicator Data Report (Preliminary Evidences from Paycheck India Data) can be accessed from <a href="https://im4change.org/latest-news-updates/gender-pay-gap-in-the-formal-sector-2006-2013-23317.html" title="https://im4change.org/latest-news-updates/gender-pay-gap-in-the-formal-sector-2006-2013-23317.html">here</a>. Please <a href="https://im4change.in/siteadmin/tinymce/uploaded/Gender%20Gap%20in%20Wages%20and%20Income.pdf" title="https://im4change.in/siteadmin/tinymce/uploaded/Gender%20Gap%20in%20Wages%20and%20Income.pdf">click here</a> to download the report.</p><p style="text-align:justify"><br />According to the report entitled: <a name="women-and-men-in-india-2013">Women and Men in India 2013</a>, 15th Issue, Central Statistics Office, Ministry of Statistics and Programme Implementation (please click to download <a href="https://im4change.in/siteadmin/tinymce/uploaded/women%20and%20men%20in%20india%202013%2015th%20issue.pdf" title="Women and Men in India" title="https://im4change.in/siteadmin/tinymce/uploaded/women%20and%20men%20in%20india%202013%2015th%20issue.pdf" title="Women and Men in India">part 1</a> and <a href="https://im4change.in/siteadmin/tinymce/uploaded/women_men_Part2_2013_Tables.xls" title="Women and Men in India part 2" title="https://im4change.in/siteadmin/tinymce/uploaded/women_men_Part2_2013_Tables.xls" title="Women and Men in India part 2">part 2</a> of the report):<br /><br /><strong><em>Population and Vital Statistics</em></strong><br /><br />• The sex ratio (number of females per 1000 males) at the national level is 943. Rural sex ratio is 949 and the urban is 929. Among the States, Kerala at 1084 has the highest sex ratio followed by Puducherry at 1037. Daman and Diu has the lowest sex ratio of 618 in the country.<br /><br />• The mean age at effective marriage for females stood at 21.2 years in 2011. Among the major States, the highest mean age at effective marriage was 22.6 years for Kerala and the lowest was 20.3 years for West Bengal.<br /><br />• 60.8% of the rural female migrants migrated due to marriage followed by 29.4% due to movement of parents/earning member in 2007-08. A high 55.7% of the male migrants migrated due to employment reasons followed by 25.2% due to movement of parents/earning member in the same period.<br /><br /><strong><em>Health and Well-Being</em></strong><br /><br />• The female Infant Mortality Rate (IMR) was 46 compared with the male IMR of 43 and the overall IMR of 44 in 2011. Among the major States, the highest overall IMR of 59 was observed in Madhya Pradesh and the lowest of 12 in Kerala in 2011.<br /><br />• As per the Annual Health Survey 2010-11, the Underfive Mortality Rate was the highest in Madhya Pradesh (89) followed by Odisha (82) and Rajasthan (79) among the 9 Empowered Action Group States of Assam, Bihar, Chhattisgarh, Jharkhand, Madhya Pradesh, Odisha, Rajasthan, Uttarakahnd and Uttar Pradesh.<br /><br />• The Maternal Mortality Ratio was 212 during 2007-09. Among the States, it was highest in Assam (390) followed by Uttar Pradesh (359) and Rajasthan (318).<br /><br />• 47.0% of the deliveries took place at a health facility in 2007-08. Share of women who received ante natal care was 76.9% during this period.<br /><br />• During 2012-13, the pattern of acceptance of different family planning methods in India was as follows: vasectomy – 0.4%, tubectomy – 14.8%, IUD insertion – 17.9%, equivalent conventional contraceptive users – 46.2% and equivalent oral pills users – 20.7%.<br /><br /><strong><em>Participation in Economy</em></strong><br /><br />• As per Census 2011, the workforce participation rate for females at the national level stands at 25.51% compared with 53.26% for males. In the rural sector, females have a workforce participation rate of 30.02% compared with 53.03% for males. In the urban sector, it is 15.44% for females and 53.76% for males.<br /><br />• As per Census 2011, 41.1% of female main and marginal workers are agricultural labourers, 24.0% are cultivators, 5.7% are household industry workers and 29.2% are engaged in other works.<br /><br />• As per National Sample Survey (68th Round), the worker population ratio for females in rural sector was 24.8 in 2011-12 while that for males was 54.3. In Urban sector, it was 14.7 for females and 54.6 for males. Among the States/UTs, worker population ratio for females in the rural sector was the highest in Himachal Pradesh at 52.4% and in the urban sector, it was the highest in Sikkim at 27.3%.<br /><br />• In the rural sector, 59.3% females were self-employed, 5.6% females had regular wage/salaried employment and 35.1% females were casual labours compared with 54.5%, 10.0% and 35.5% males in the same categories respectively in 2011-12.<br /><br />• A total of 20.5% women were employed in the organized sector in 2011 with 18.1% working in the public sector and 24.3% in the private.<br /><br />• The labour force participation rate for women across all age-groups was 25.3 in rural sector and 15.5 in urban sector compared with 55.3 and 56.3 for men in the rural and urban sectors respectively in 2011-12 (NSS 68th Round).<br /><br />• The unemployment rate for women of all ages was at par with men at 1.7 in the rural areas in 2011-12. It was 5.2 for women and 3.0 for men in urban areas during the same period.<br /><br />• The share of women in the person days employed through MGNREGA stood at 51.0% in 2012-13 (all districts with rural areas).<br /><br />• In 2012-13, the share of women swarojgaris in the total swarojgaris assisted under the Swarnjayanti Gram Swarojgaar Yojna (SGSY) stood at 81.4%.<br /><br />• In 2011-12, the average wage/salary received by regular wage/salaried employees of age 15-59 years was Rs. 201.56 per day for females compared with Rs. 322.28 per day for males in rural areas. For urban areas, it was Rs. 366.15 and Rs. 469.87 per day for females and males respectively.<br /><br /><strong><em>Literacy and Education</em></strong><br /><br />• As per Census 2011, 73.0% of the population is literate comprising 64.6% females and 80.9% males. The incremental increase over Census 2001 of 10.5% for females is higher than 5.0% for males.<br /><br />• Among the States/UTs, the female literacy rate is the highest in Kerala at 92.1% followed by Mizoram at 89.3%. The highest male literacy rate is also observed in Kerala at 96.1% followed by Lakshdweep at 95.6% as per Census 2011.<br /><br />• The Gross Enrolment Ratio (GER) for females at the primary level stood at 116.7 compared with 115.4 for males in 2010-11. At the Middle Classes level, the GER for females was 83.1 while that for males was 87.7.<br /><br /><strong><em>Participation in Decision-making</em></strong><br /><br />• In 2013, women occupied only 12 out of 78 Ministerial positions in the Central Council of Ministers. There were 2 women judges out of 26 judges in the Supreme Court and there were only 52 women judges out of 614 judges in different High Courts<br /><br />• There were 342.2 million female electors in the Fifteenth General Elections in 2009 out of which 55.8% exercised their voting rights. There were 374.7 million male electors and 60.3% exercised their voting rights.<br /><br />• In the Fifteenth General Elections, 2009, 556 female candidates contested the elections and 59 got elected giving them a winning percentage of 10.6. The winning percentage for male candidates stood at 6.4 with 7514 candidates contesting and 484 getting elected.</p><p style="text-align:justify"> </p><p style="text-align:justify"> <br> <div align="center" class="pagination"> <span><a href="https://im4change.in/empowerment/gender-3280.html?pgno=12" class="articlepagination">« previous</a></span><span><a href="https://im4change.in/empowerment/gender-3280.html?pgno=1" class="articlepagination">1</a></span><span><a href="https://im4change.in/empowerment/gender-3280.html?pgno=2" class="articlepagination">2</a></span><span><a href="https://im4change.in/empowerment/gender-3280.html?pgno=3" class="articlepagination">3</a></span><span><a href="https://im4change.in/empowerment/gender-3280.html?pgno=4" class="articlepagination">4</a></span><span><a href="https://im4change.in/empowerment/gender-3280.html?pgno=5" class="articlepagination">5</a></span><span><a href="https://im4change.in/empowerment/gender-3280.html?pgno=6" class="articlepagination">6</a></span><span><a href="https://im4change.in/empowerment/gender-3280.html?pgno=7" class="articlepagination">7</a></span><span><a href="https://im4change.in/empowerment/gender-3280.html?pgno=8" class="articlepagination">8</a></span><span><a href="https://im4change.in/empowerment/gender-3280.html?pgno=9" class="articlepagination">9</a></span><span><a href="https://im4change.in/empowerment/gender-3280.html?pgno=10" class="articlepagination">10</a></span><span><a href="https://im4change.in/empowerment/gender-3280.html?pgno=11" class="articlepagination">11</a></span><span><a href="https://im4change.in/empowerment/gender-3280.html?pgno=12" class="articlepagination">12</a></span><span class="current">13</span><span><a href="https://im4change.in/empowerment/gender-3280.html?pgno=14" class="articlepagination">14</a></span><span><a href="https://im4change.in/empowerment/gender-3280.html?pgno=15" class="articlepagination">15</a></span><span><a href="https://im4change.in/empowerment/gender-3280.html?pgno=16" class="articlepagination">16</a></span><span><a href="https://im4change.in/empowerment/gender-3280.html?pgno=17" class="articlepagination">17</a></span><span><a href="https://im4change.in/empowerment/gender-3280.html?pgno=18" class="articlepagination">18</a></span><span><a href="https://im4change.in/empowerment/gender-3280.html?pgno=19" class="articlepagination">19</a></span><span><a href="https://im4change.in/empowerment/gender-3280.html?pgno=20" class="articlepagination">20</a></span><span><a href="https://im4change.in/empowerment/gender-3280.html?pgno=21" class="articlepagination">21</a></span><span><a href="https://im4change.in/empowerment/gender-3280.html?pgno=22" class="articlepagination">22</a></span><span><a href="https://im4change.in/empowerment/gender-3280.html?pgno=23" class="articlepagination">23</a></span><span><a href="https://im4change.in/empowerment/gender-3280.html?pgno=24" class="articlepagination">24</a></span><span><a href="https://im4change.in/empowerment/gender-3280.html?pgno=14" class="articlepagination">next »</a></span> </div> </div> </td> </tr> </table> </div> </div> </div> <div class="clear"></div> <br><a href='/experts.php' class='re'>Rural Expert</a><div class="clear"></div> <div class="clear"></div> <div class="comment-respond" id="respond"> <a name="commentbox"> </a> <h3 class="comment-reply-title" id="reply-title">Write Comments</h3> <form method="post" accept-charset="utf-8" role="form" action="/empowerment/gender-3280.html?pgno=13"><div style="display:none;"><input type="hidden" name="_method" value="POST"/></div> <form class="comment-form" id="commentform" method="post" action="#commentbox" onSubmit="return validate()" name="cmtform"> <input type="hidden" name="cmttype" value="articlecmt"/> <input type="hidden" name="article_id" value="3193"/> <p class="comment-notes">Your email address will not be published. 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What's Inside
The key findings of the report entitled Gender Pay Gap in the Formal Sector: 2006-2013 -WageIndicator Data Report (Preliminary Evidences from Paycheck India Data) can be accessed from here. Please click here to download the report.
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