Deprecated (16384): The ArrayAccess methods will be removed in 4.0.0.Use getParam(), getData() and getQuery() instead. - /home/brlfuser/public_html/src/Controller/ArtileDetailController.php, line: 150
 You can disable deprecation warnings by setting `Error.errorLevel` to `E_ALL & ~E_USER_DEPRECATED` in your config/app.php. [CORE/src/Core/functions.php, line 311]
Code Context


        trigger_error($message, E_USER_DEPRECATED);

    }
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 You can disable deprecation warnings by setting `Error.errorLevel` to `E_ALL & ~E_USER_DEPRECATED` in your config/app.php.'
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deprecationWarning - CORE/src/Core/functions.php, line 311
Cake\Http\ServerRequest::offsetGet() - CORE/src/Http/ServerRequest.php, line 2421
App\Controller\ArtileDetailController::index() - APP/Controller/ArtileDetailController.php, line 150
Cake\Controller\Controller::invokeAction() - CORE/src/Controller/Controller.php, line 610
Cake\Http\ActionDispatcher::_invoke() - CORE/src/Http/ActionDispatcher.php, line 120
Cake\Http\ActionDispatcher::dispatch() - CORE/src/Http/ActionDispatcher.php, line 94
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Cake\Http\Runner::__invoke() - CORE/src/Http/Runner.php, line 65
Cake\Routing\Middleware\RoutingMiddleware::__invoke() - CORE/src/Routing/Middleware/RoutingMiddleware.php, line 162
Cake\Http\Runner::__invoke() - CORE/src/Http/Runner.php, line 65
Cake\Routing\Middleware\AssetMiddleware::__invoke() - CORE/src/Routing/Middleware/AssetMiddleware.php, line 97
Cake\Http\Runner::__invoke() - CORE/src/Http/Runner.php, line 65
Cake\Error\Middleware\ErrorHandlerMiddleware::__invoke() - CORE/src/Error/Middleware/ErrorHandlerMiddleware.php, line 96
Cake\Http\Runner::__invoke() - CORE/src/Http/Runner.php, line 65
Cake\Http\Runner::run() - CORE/src/Http/Runner.php, line 51
Cake\Http\Server::run() - CORE/src/Http/Server.php, line 98

Deprecated (16384): The ArrayAccess methods will be removed in 4.0.0.Use getParam(), getData() and getQuery() instead. - /home/brlfuser/public_html/src/Controller/ArtileDetailController.php, line: 151
 You can disable deprecation warnings by setting `Error.errorLevel` to `E_ALL & ~E_USER_DEPRECATED` in your config/app.php. [CORE/src/Core/functions.php, line 311]
Code Context


        trigger_error($message, E_USER_DEPRECATED);

    }
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 You can disable deprecation warnings by setting `Error.errorLevel` to `E_ALL & ~E_USER_DEPRECATED` in your config/app.php.'
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deprecationWarning - CORE/src/Core/functions.php, line 311
Cake\Http\ServerRequest::offsetGet() - CORE/src/Http/ServerRequest.php, line 2421
App\Controller\ArtileDetailController::index() - APP/Controller/ArtileDetailController.php, line 151
Cake\Controller\Controller::invokeAction() - CORE/src/Controller/Controller.php, line 610
Cake\Http\ActionDispatcher::_invoke() - CORE/src/Http/ActionDispatcher.php, line 120
Cake\Http\ActionDispatcher::dispatch() - CORE/src/Http/ActionDispatcher.php, line 94
Cake\Http\BaseApplication::__invoke() - CORE/src/Http/BaseApplication.php, line 235
Cake\Http\Runner::__invoke() - CORE/src/Http/Runner.php, line 65
Cake\Routing\Middleware\RoutingMiddleware::__invoke() - CORE/src/Routing/Middleware/RoutingMiddleware.php, line 162
Cake\Http\Runner::__invoke() - CORE/src/Http/Runner.php, line 65
Cake\Routing\Middleware\AssetMiddleware::__invoke() - CORE/src/Routing/Middleware/AssetMiddleware.php, line 97
Cake\Http\Runner::__invoke() - CORE/src/Http/Runner.php, line 65
Cake\Error\Middleware\ErrorHandlerMiddleware::__invoke() - CORE/src/Error/Middleware/ErrorHandlerMiddleware.php, line 96
Cake\Http\Runner::__invoke() - CORE/src/Http/Runner.php, line 65
Cake\Http\Runner::run() - CORE/src/Http/Runner.php, line 51
Cake\Http\Server::run() - CORE/src/Http/Server.php, line 98

Warning (512): Unable to emit headers. Headers sent in file=/home/brlfuser/public_html/vendor/cakephp/cakephp/src/Error/Debugger.php line=853 [CORE/src/Http/ResponseEmitter.php, line 48]
Code Context
            if (Configure::read('debug')) {

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<html class="ie ie6" lang='en'> <![endif]-->
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&bull; Maternal&nbsp;Mortality&nbsp;Ratio&nbsp;for&nbsp;India was 370&nbsp;in 2000,&nbsp;286 in 2005, 210 in 2010, 158 in 2015 and 145 in 2017. Therefore, the MMRatio for the country decreased by almost 61 percent between 2000 and 2017 *14&nbsp;

&nbsp;

&bull; As per the NSS 71st round,..."/>
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&nbsp;

&bull; Maternal&nbsp;Mortality&nbsp;Ratio&nbsp;for&nbsp;India was 370&nbsp;in 2000,&nbsp;286 in 2005, 210 in 2010, 158 in 2015 and 145 in 2017. Therefore, the MMRatio for the country decreased by almost 61 percent between 2000 and 2017 *14&nbsp;

&nbsp;

&bull; As per the NSS 71st round,..." />
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                                            <h2 style="font-weight: bold; font-size: 13px;">What's Inside</h2>
                                            <ul class="whatsinside">
                                                                                                    <li>
                                                        <a href="https://im4change.in/empowerment/gender-3280.html?pgno=2#sample-registration-system-statistical-report-2020-released-in-september-2022">Sample Registration System Statistical Report 2020 (released in September 2022)</a>
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                                                        <a href="https://im4change.in/empowerment/gender-3280.html?pgno=3#world-population-prospects-2022-released-on-july-11-2022">World Population Prospects 2022 (released on July 11, 2022)</a>
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                                                        <a href="https://im4change.in/empowerment/gender-3280.html?pgno=4#landmark-cases-of-caste-based-sexual-violence-from-1985-2020-released-on-14th-september-2021">Landmark Cases of Caste-based Sexual Violence from 1985-2020 (released on 14th September, 2021)</a>
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                                                        <a href="https://im4change.in/empowerment/gender-3280.html?pgno=4#legal-barriers-to-accessing-safe-abortion-services-in-india-a-fact-finding-study-published-in-2021">Legal Barriers to Accessing Safe Abortion Services in India: A Fact Finding Study (published in 2021)</a>
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                                                        <a href="https://im4change.in/empowerment/gender-3280.html?pgno=4#unfpa-state-of-world-population-report-2021-titled-my-body-is-my-own-released-in-april-2021">UNFPA State of World Population Report 2021 titled My Body is My Own (released in April, 2021)</a>
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                                                                                                        <li>
                                                        <a href="https://im4change.in/empowerment/gender-3280.html?pgno=5#sexual-violence-in-south-asia-legal-and-other-barriers-to-justice-for-survivors-published-in-april-2021">Sexual Violence in South Asia: Legal and Other Barriers to Justice for Survivors (published in April, 2021)</a>
                                                    </li>
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                                                        <a href="https://im4change.in/empowerment/gender-3280.html?pgno=6#justice-denied-sexual-violence-and-intersectional-discrimination-barriers-to-accessing-justice-for-dalit-women-and-girls-in-haryana-released-in-november-2020">Justice Denied: Sexual Violence and Intersectional Discrimination - Barriers to Accessing Justice for Dalit Women and Girls in Haryana (released in November 2020)</a>
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                                                        <a href="https://im4change.in/empowerment/gender-3280.html?pgno=7#against-my-will-defying-the-practices-that-harm-women-and-girls-and-undermine-equality-released-in-june-2020">Against My Will - Defying the practices that harm women and girls and undermine equality (released in June 2020)</a>
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                                                        <a href="https://im4change.in/empowerment/gender-3280.html?pgno=8#trends-in-maternal-mortality-2000-to-2017-estimates-by-who-unicef-world-bank-group-unfpa-and-the-united-nations-population-division-released-in-september-2019">Trends in Maternal Mortality 2000 to 2017: Estimates by WHO, UNICEF, World Bank Group, UNFPA and the United Nations Population Division (released in September 2019)</a>
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                                                                                                        <li>
                                                        <a href="https://im4change.in/empowerment/gender-3280.html?pgno=9#women-and-men-in-india-2015">Women and Men in India 2015</a>
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                                                                                            <div><a href="javascript:void(0)" id="morewhatsinsidelink" onClick="javascript:$('#morewhatsinside').show();$('#morewhatsinsidelink').hide();$('#lesswhatsinsidelink').show();">More</a></div>
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                                                        <a href="https://im4change.in/empowerment/gender-3280.html?pgno=10#women-in-business-and-management-gaining-momentum-published-in-january-2015">Women in Business and Management: Gaining Momentum (published in January 2015)</a>
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                                                        <a href="https://im4change.in/empowerment/gender-3280.html?pgno=11#women-and-men-in-india-2014">Women and Men in India 2014</a>
                                                    </li>
                                                                                                        <li>
                                                        <a href="https://im4change.in/empowerment/gender-3280.html?pgno=12#the-law-and-son-preference-in-india-a-reality-check">The Law and Son Preference in India: A Reality Check</a>
                                                    </li>
                                                                                                        <li>
                                                        <a href="https://im4change.in/empowerment/gender-3280.html?pgno=13#gender-pay-gap-in-the-formal-sector-2006-2013">Gender Pay Gap in the Formal Sector: 2006-2013</a>
                                                    </li>
                                                                                                        <li>
                                                        <a href="https://im4change.in/empowerment/gender-3280.html?pgno=13#women-and-men-in-india-2013">Women and Men in India 2013</a>
                                                    </li>
                                                                                                        <li>
                                                        <a href="https://im4change.in/empowerment/gender-3280.html?pgno=14#global-and-regional-estimates-of-violence-against-women">Global and Regional Estimates of Violence against Women</a>
                                                    </li>
                                                                                                        <li>
                                                        <a href="https://im4change.in/empowerment/gender-3280.html?pgno=15#tied-in-a-knot-cross-region-marriages-in-haryana-and-rajasthan">Tied in a Knot: Cross-region Marriages in Haryana and Rajasthan</a>
                                                    </li>
                                                                                                        <li>
                                                        <a href="https://im4change.in/empowerment/gender-3280.html?pgno=16#the-state-of-world-population-2012">The State of World Population 2012</a>
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                                                                                                        <li>
                                                        <a href="https://im4change.in/empowerment/gender-3280.html?pgno=17#progress-for-children-a-report-card-on-adolescents-unicef-2012">Progress for Children: A Report Card on Adolescents (UNICEF-2012)</a>
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                                                        <a href="https://im4change.in/empowerment/gender-3280.html?pgno=18#ldquothe-economic-rights-entitlements-of-separated-and-divorced-women-indiardquo">&ldquo;The Economic Rights &amp; Entitlements of Separated and Divorced Women India,&rdquo;</a>
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                                                                                                        <li>
                                                        <a href="https://im4change.in/empowerment/gender-3280.html?pgno=19#women-and-men-in-india-2011">Women and Men in India 2011</a>
                                                    </li>
                                                                                                        <li>
                                                        <a href="https://im4change.in/empowerment/gender-3280.html?pgno=20#world-development-report-2012-gender-equality-and-development">World Development Report 2012-Gender Equality and Development</a>
                                                    </li>
                                                                                                        <li>
                                                        <a href="https://im4change.in/empowerment/gender-3280.html?pgno=21#progress-of-the-world39s-women-in-pursuit-of-justice-2011-12">Progress of the World&#39;s Women: In Pursuit of Justice 2011-12</a>
                                                    </li>
                                                                                                        <li>
                                                        <a href="https://im4change.in/empowerment/gender-3280.html?pgno=21#women-and-labour-markets-in-asia-rebalancing-for-gender-equality-2011">Women and Labour Markets in Asia: Rebalancing for Gender Equality (2011)</a>
                                                    </li>
                                                                                                        <li>
                                                        <a href="https://im4change.in/empowerment/gender-3280.html?pgno=22#the-world39s-women-and-girls-2011">The World&#39;s Women and Girls: 2011</a>
                                                    </li>
                                                                                                        <li>
                                                        <a href="https://im4change.in/empowerment/gender-3280.html?pgno=22#the-state-of-food-and-agriculture-2010-2011-women-in-agriculture">The State of Food and Agriculture 2010-2011 Women in Agriculture</a>
                                                    </li>
                                                                                                        <li>
                                                        <a href="https://im4change.in/empowerment/gender-3280.html?pgno=22#gender-dimensions-of-agricultural-and-rural-employment">Gender dimensions of agricultural and rural employment</a>
                                                    </li>
                                                                                                        <li>
                                                        <a href="https://im4change.in/empowerment/gender-3280.html?pgno=23#report-on-conditions-of-work-and-promotion-of-livelihoods-in-the-unorganised-sector">Report on Conditions of Work and Promotion of Livelihoods in the Unorganised Sector</a>
                                                    </li>
                                                                                                        <li>
                                                        <a href="https://im4change.in/empowerment/gender-3280.html?pgno=23#the-eu-india-fta-in-agriculture-and-likely-impact-on-indian-women">The EU India FTA in Agriculture and Likely Impact on Indian Women</a>
                                                    </li>
                                                                                                        <li>
                                                        <a href="https://im4change.in/empowerment/gender-3280.html?pgno=24#investing-in-women-as-drivers-of-agricultural-growth">Investing in Women as Drivers of Agricultural Growth</a>
                                                    </li>
                                                                                                        <li>
                                                        <a href="https://im4change.in/empowerment/gender-3280.html?pgno=24#factsheet-women-farmers-and-food-security">Factsheet: Women Farmers and Food Security</a>
                                                    </li>
                                                                                                        <li>
                                                        <a href="https://im4change.in/empowerment/gender-3280.html?pgno=24#characteristics-of-sex-ratio-imbalance-in-india-and-future-scenarios">Characteristics of Sex-Ratio Imbalance in India, and Future Scenarios </a>
                                                    </li>
                                                                                                </ul>
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                            </p><p style="text-align:justify"><a href="https://www.equalitynow.org/resource/sexualviolencesouthasia/" title="https://www.equalitynow.org/resource/sexualviolencesouthasia/">Equality Now</a> and &nbsp;<a href="https://dignityallianceinternational.org/" title="https://dignityallianceinternational.org/">Dignity Alliance International</a>&#39;s co-authored <a href="/upload/files/Sexual_Violence_in_South_Asia_Legal_and_other_Barriers_to_Justice_for_Survivors_-_Equality_Now_-_2021_%281%29.pdf" title="/upload/files/Sexual_Violence_in_South_Asia_Legal_and_other_Barriers_to_Justice_for_Survivors_-_Equality_Now_-_2021_%281%29.pdf">report</a> -- <a name="sexual-violence-in-south-asia-legal-and-other-barriers-to-justice-for-survivors-published-in-april-2021">Sexual Violence in South Asia: Legal and Other Barriers to Justice for Survivors (published in April, 2021)</a>&nbsp;-- looks at rape laws in India, including those relating to marital rape.&nbsp;</p><p style="text-align:justify">Consent to marriage cannot and should never be construed as lifelong consent to sex, and nor should a marital relationship be used as a defense against rape, <a href="https://www.equalitynow.org/resource/sexualviolencesouthasia/" title="https://www.equalitynow.org/resource/sexualviolencesouthasia/">according to Equality Now</a>. Legally permitting impunity for rape within marriage treats wives as the property of their husbands and takes away women&rsquo;s rights over their own body.</p><p style="text-align:justify">Ensuring that marital rape is criminalized would improve access to justice for all women in India and would send a powerful signal that a woman always has the right to choose whether and with whom she has sexual relations.&nbsp;</p><p style="text-align:justify">Protection gaps in rape laws and barriers to accessing justice continue to lead to effective denial of justice for survivors of sexual violence in South Asia. Recent and widespread public protests in response to high profile rape cases in the region have shone a spotlight on the need for action.</p><p style="text-align:justify">The <a href="/upload/files/Sexual_Violence_in_South_Asia_Legal_and_other_Barriers_to_Justice_for_Survivors_-_Equality_Now_-_2021_%281%29.pdf" title="/upload/files/Sexual_Violence_in_South_Asia_Legal_and_other_Barriers_to_Justice_for_Survivors_-_Equality_Now_-_2021_%281%29.pdf">report</a> &#39;<a href="https://im4change.org/upload/files/Sexual_Violence_in_South_Asia_Legal_and_other_Barriers_to_Justice_for_Survivors_-_Equality_Now_-_2021_%281%29.pdf" title="https://im4change.org/upload/files/Sexual_Violence_in_South_Asia_Legal_and_other_Barriers_to_Justice_for_Survivors_-_Equality_Now_-_2021_%281%29.pdf">Sexual Violence</a> <a href="https://im4change.org/upload/files/Sexual_Violence_in_South_Asia_Legal_and_other_Barriers_to_Justice_for_Survivors_-_Equality_Now_-_2021_%281%29.pdf" title="https://im4change.org/upload/files/Sexual_Violence_in_South_Asia_Legal_and_other_Barriers_to_Justice_for_Survivors_-_Equality_Now_-_2021_%281%29.pdf">In South Asia: Legal</a> <a href="https://im4change.org/upload/files/Sexual_Violence_in_South_Asia_Legal_and_other_Barriers_to_Justice_for_Survivors_-_Equality_Now_-_2021_%281%29.pdf" title="https://im4change.org/upload/files/Sexual_Violence_in_South_Asia_Legal_and_other_Barriers_to_Justice_for_Survivors_-_Equality_Now_-_2021_%281%29.pdf">And Other Barriers To</a> <a href="https://im4change.org/upload/files/Sexual_Violence_in_South_Asia_Legal_and_other_Barriers_to_Justice_for_Survivors_-_Equality_Now_-_2021_%281%29.pdf" title="https://im4change.org/upload/files/Sexual_Violence_in_South_Asia_Legal_and_other_Barriers_to_Justice_for_Survivors_-_Equality_Now_-_2021_%281%29.pdf">Justice For Survivors</a>&#39; calls on the governments of Bangladesh, Bhutan, Nepal, Maldives, India, and Sri Lanka to take urgent action to address sexual violence and improve access to justice for survivors.</p><p style="text-align:justify"><strong>Survivors of sexual violence are denied justice</strong></p><p style="text-align:justify">Analysis of laws, policies, and practices related to sexual violence, alongside focus groups and in depth discussions with survivors, activists, and lawyers actively engaging with survivors of sexual violence, found that rape laws across the six South Asian countries studied effectively deny justice to survivors of sexual violence due to protection gaps in the laws. The&nbsp;<a href="/upload/files/Sexual_Violence_in_South_Asia_Legal_and_other_Barriers_to_Justice_for_Survivors_-_Equality_Now_-_2021_%281%29.pdf" title="/upload/files/Sexual_Violence_in_South_Asia_Legal_and_other_Barriers_to_Justice_for_Survivors_-_Equality_Now_-_2021_%281%29.pdf">report</a> also uncovered severe barriers to accessing justice and implementation gaps within the criminal justice system, particularly:</p><p style="text-align:justify">&bull; Limited definitions of sexual violence</p><p style="text-align:justify">&bull; Failure to criminalize marital rape in all circumstances</p><p style="text-align:justify">&bull; Discriminatory or overly burdensome evidence requirements; Bangladesh, Bhutan, Nepal, Maldives, and Sri Lanka all permit the introduction of evidence on the past sexual history of the rape victim.</p><p style="text-align:justify">In addition to the gaps in the law, the&nbsp;<a href="/upload/files/Sexual_Violence_in_South_Asia_Legal_and_other_Barriers_to_Justice_for_Survivors_-_Equality_Now_-_2021_%281%29.pdf" title="/upload/files/Sexual_Violence_in_South_Asia_Legal_and_other_Barriers_to_Justice_for_Survivors_-_Equality_Now_-_2021_%281%29.pdf">report</a> uncovered severe barriers to accessing justice and implementation gaps within the criminal justice system, including:</p><p style="text-align:justify">&bull; Long delays in the police investigation, medical examination, prosecution, and trials, with perpetrators often out on bail, are a major barrier to accessing justice.</p><p style="text-align:justify">&bull; The two finger test, a traumatizing and unscientific vaginal examination, continues to be conducted as part of the medical examination of rape survivors in India, Nepal, and Sri Lanka</p><p style="text-align:justify">&bull; Across all 6 countries, pressure is put on the survivor or her family to enter into an extra-legal settlement or compromise with the perpetrator. In Bangladesh, India, and Nepal over 60 percent of the survivors interviewed reported facing pressure to settle/compromise the case.</p><p style="text-align:justify">&bull; Conviction rates are low across the region, ranging from 3 percent in Bangladesh to 64 percent in Bhutan (though from an extremely low reporting base), resulting in impunity for the vast majority of perpetrators. Survivors and stakeholders across four countries (Bangladesh, India, Nepal, and Sri Lanka) highlighted that the susceptibility of justice system officials to bribery and corruption was a severe challenge to accessing justice.</p><p style="text-align:justify">&bull; Lack of quality support services for survivors like victim/witness protection schemes, safehouses/shelters, and psychosocial care compromises the safety of survivors, across all six countries.</p><p style="text-align:justify">Survivors of sexual violence from socially excluded communities face specific barriers to accessing justice based on their caste, tribal, ethnic, or religious identities in addition to gender discrimination.&nbsp;</p><p style="text-align:justify"><strong>Governments must take comprehensive action&nbsp;</strong></p><p style="text-align:justify">The <a href="/upload/files/Sexual_Violence_in_South_Asia_Legal_and_other_Barriers_to_Justice_for_Survivors_-_Equality_Now_-_2021_%281%29.pdf" title="/upload/files/Sexual_Violence_in_South_Asia_Legal_and_other_Barriers_to_Justice_for_Survivors_-_Equality_Now_-_2021_%281%29.pdf">report</a> calls for comprehensive action from governments to holistically address sexual violence and intersecting discrimination faced by women and girls across the region to live up to their commitments to protect and promote the human rights of women and girls. Specifically, the governments of the six South Asian countries must:&nbsp;</p><p style="text-align:justify">&bull; address protection gaps in the law&nbsp;</p><p style="text-align:justify">&bull; improve police responses to cases of sexual violence</p><p style="text-align:justify">&bull; ensure survivor-friendly medical examinations in rape cases</p><p style="text-align:justify">&bull; improve prosecution procedures and trials of sexual offenses</p><p style="text-align:justify">&bull; design and fund holistic interventions to improve access to justice for survivors</p><p style="text-align:justify">                                                                    <br>
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&bull; Maternal&nbsp;Mortality&nbsp;Ratio&nbsp;for&nbsp;India was 370&nbsp;in 2000,&nbsp;286 in 2005, 210 in 2010, 158 in 2015 and 145 in 2017. Therefore, the MMRatio for the country decreased by almost 61 percent between 2000 and 2017 *14&nbsp;

&nbsp;

&bull; As per the NSS 71st round,..."/>
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&nbsp;

&bull; Maternal&nbsp;Mortality&nbsp;Ratio&nbsp;for&nbsp;India was 370&nbsp;in 2000,&nbsp;286 in 2005, 210 in 2010, 158 in 2015 and 145 in 2017. Therefore, the MMRatio for the country decreased by almost 61 percent between 2000 and 2017 *14&nbsp;

&nbsp;

&bull; As per the NSS 71st round,..." />
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                                            <h2 style="font-weight: bold; font-size: 13px;">What's Inside</h2>
                                            <ul class="whatsinside">
                                                                                                    <li>
                                                        <a href="https://im4change.in/empowerment/gender-3280.html?pgno=2#sample-registration-system-statistical-report-2020-released-in-september-2022">Sample Registration System Statistical Report 2020 (released in September 2022)</a>
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                                                        <a href="https://im4change.in/empowerment/gender-3280.html?pgno=3#world-population-prospects-2022-released-on-july-11-2022">World Population Prospects 2022 (released on July 11, 2022)</a>
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                                                        <a href="https://im4change.in/empowerment/gender-3280.html?pgno=4#landmark-cases-of-caste-based-sexual-violence-from-1985-2020-released-on-14th-september-2021">Landmark Cases of Caste-based Sexual Violence from 1985-2020 (released on 14th September, 2021)</a>
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                                                        <a href="https://im4change.in/empowerment/gender-3280.html?pgno=4#legal-barriers-to-accessing-safe-abortion-services-in-india-a-fact-finding-study-published-in-2021">Legal Barriers to Accessing Safe Abortion Services in India: A Fact Finding Study (published in 2021)</a>
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                                                        <a href="https://im4change.in/empowerment/gender-3280.html?pgno=4#unfpa-state-of-world-population-report-2021-titled-my-body-is-my-own-released-in-april-2021">UNFPA State of World Population Report 2021 titled My Body is My Own (released in April, 2021)</a>
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                                                                                                        <li>
                                                        <a href="https://im4change.in/empowerment/gender-3280.html?pgno=5#sexual-violence-in-south-asia-legal-and-other-barriers-to-justice-for-survivors-published-in-april-2021">Sexual Violence in South Asia: Legal and Other Barriers to Justice for Survivors (published in April, 2021)</a>
                                                    </li>
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                                                        <a href="https://im4change.in/empowerment/gender-3280.html?pgno=6#justice-denied-sexual-violence-and-intersectional-discrimination-barriers-to-accessing-justice-for-dalit-women-and-girls-in-haryana-released-in-november-2020">Justice Denied: Sexual Violence and Intersectional Discrimination - Barriers to Accessing Justice for Dalit Women and Girls in Haryana (released in November 2020)</a>
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                                                        <a href="https://im4change.in/empowerment/gender-3280.html?pgno=7#against-my-will-defying-the-practices-that-harm-women-and-girls-and-undermine-equality-released-in-june-2020">Against My Will - Defying the practices that harm women and girls and undermine equality (released in June 2020)</a>
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                                                        <a href="https://im4change.in/empowerment/gender-3280.html?pgno=8#trends-in-maternal-mortality-2000-to-2017-estimates-by-who-unicef-world-bank-group-unfpa-and-the-united-nations-population-division-released-in-september-2019">Trends in Maternal Mortality 2000 to 2017: Estimates by WHO, UNICEF, World Bank Group, UNFPA and the United Nations Population Division (released in September 2019)</a>
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                                                                                                        <li>
                                                        <a href="https://im4change.in/empowerment/gender-3280.html?pgno=9#women-and-men-in-india-2015">Women and Men in India 2015</a>
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                                                                                            <div><a href="javascript:void(0)" id="morewhatsinsidelink" onClick="javascript:$('#morewhatsinside').show();$('#morewhatsinsidelink').hide();$('#lesswhatsinsidelink').show();">More</a></div>
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                                                        <a href="https://im4change.in/empowerment/gender-3280.html?pgno=10#women-in-business-and-management-gaining-momentum-published-in-january-2015">Women in Business and Management: Gaining Momentum (published in January 2015)</a>
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                                                        <a href="https://im4change.in/empowerment/gender-3280.html?pgno=11#women-and-men-in-india-2014">Women and Men in India 2014</a>
                                                    </li>
                                                                                                        <li>
                                                        <a href="https://im4change.in/empowerment/gender-3280.html?pgno=12#the-law-and-son-preference-in-india-a-reality-check">The Law and Son Preference in India: A Reality Check</a>
                                                    </li>
                                                                                                        <li>
                                                        <a href="https://im4change.in/empowerment/gender-3280.html?pgno=13#gender-pay-gap-in-the-formal-sector-2006-2013">Gender Pay Gap in the Formal Sector: 2006-2013</a>
                                                    </li>
                                                                                                        <li>
                                                        <a href="https://im4change.in/empowerment/gender-3280.html?pgno=13#women-and-men-in-india-2013">Women and Men in India 2013</a>
                                                    </li>
                                                                                                        <li>
                                                        <a href="https://im4change.in/empowerment/gender-3280.html?pgno=14#global-and-regional-estimates-of-violence-against-women">Global and Regional Estimates of Violence against Women</a>
                                                    </li>
                                                                                                        <li>
                                                        <a href="https://im4change.in/empowerment/gender-3280.html?pgno=15#tied-in-a-knot-cross-region-marriages-in-haryana-and-rajasthan">Tied in a Knot: Cross-region Marriages in Haryana and Rajasthan</a>
                                                    </li>
                                                                                                        <li>
                                                        <a href="https://im4change.in/empowerment/gender-3280.html?pgno=16#the-state-of-world-population-2012">The State of World Population 2012</a>
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                                                                                                        <li>
                                                        <a href="https://im4change.in/empowerment/gender-3280.html?pgno=17#progress-for-children-a-report-card-on-adolescents-unicef-2012">Progress for Children: A Report Card on Adolescents (UNICEF-2012)</a>
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                                                        <a href="https://im4change.in/empowerment/gender-3280.html?pgno=18#ldquothe-economic-rights-entitlements-of-separated-and-divorced-women-indiardquo">&ldquo;The Economic Rights &amp; Entitlements of Separated and Divorced Women India,&rdquo;</a>
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                                                                                                        <li>
                                                        <a href="https://im4change.in/empowerment/gender-3280.html?pgno=19#women-and-men-in-india-2011">Women and Men in India 2011</a>
                                                    </li>
                                                                                                        <li>
                                                        <a href="https://im4change.in/empowerment/gender-3280.html?pgno=20#world-development-report-2012-gender-equality-and-development">World Development Report 2012-Gender Equality and Development</a>
                                                    </li>
                                                                                                        <li>
                                                        <a href="https://im4change.in/empowerment/gender-3280.html?pgno=21#progress-of-the-world39s-women-in-pursuit-of-justice-2011-12">Progress of the World&#39;s Women: In Pursuit of Justice 2011-12</a>
                                                    </li>
                                                                                                        <li>
                                                        <a href="https://im4change.in/empowerment/gender-3280.html?pgno=21#women-and-labour-markets-in-asia-rebalancing-for-gender-equality-2011">Women and Labour Markets in Asia: Rebalancing for Gender Equality (2011)</a>
                                                    </li>
                                                                                                        <li>
                                                        <a href="https://im4change.in/empowerment/gender-3280.html?pgno=22#the-world39s-women-and-girls-2011">The World&#39;s Women and Girls: 2011</a>
                                                    </li>
                                                                                                        <li>
                                                        <a href="https://im4change.in/empowerment/gender-3280.html?pgno=22#the-state-of-food-and-agriculture-2010-2011-women-in-agriculture">The State of Food and Agriculture 2010-2011 Women in Agriculture</a>
                                                    </li>
                                                                                                        <li>
                                                        <a href="https://im4change.in/empowerment/gender-3280.html?pgno=22#gender-dimensions-of-agricultural-and-rural-employment">Gender dimensions of agricultural and rural employment</a>
                                                    </li>
                                                                                                        <li>
                                                        <a href="https://im4change.in/empowerment/gender-3280.html?pgno=23#report-on-conditions-of-work-and-promotion-of-livelihoods-in-the-unorganised-sector">Report on Conditions of Work and Promotion of Livelihoods in the Unorganised Sector</a>
                                                    </li>
                                                                                                        <li>
                                                        <a href="https://im4change.in/empowerment/gender-3280.html?pgno=23#the-eu-india-fta-in-agriculture-and-likely-impact-on-indian-women">The EU India FTA in Agriculture and Likely Impact on Indian Women</a>
                                                    </li>
                                                                                                        <li>
                                                        <a href="https://im4change.in/empowerment/gender-3280.html?pgno=24#investing-in-women-as-drivers-of-agricultural-growth">Investing in Women as Drivers of Agricultural Growth</a>
                                                    </li>
                                                                                                        <li>
                                                        <a href="https://im4change.in/empowerment/gender-3280.html?pgno=24#factsheet-women-farmers-and-food-security">Factsheet: Women Farmers and Food Security</a>
                                                    </li>
                                                                                                        <li>
                                                        <a href="https://im4change.in/empowerment/gender-3280.html?pgno=24#characteristics-of-sex-ratio-imbalance-in-india-and-future-scenarios">Characteristics of Sex-Ratio Imbalance in India, and Future Scenarios </a>
                                                    </li>
                                                                                                </ul>
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                            </p><p style="text-align:justify"><a href="https://www.equalitynow.org/resource/sexualviolencesouthasia/" title="https://www.equalitynow.org/resource/sexualviolencesouthasia/">Equality Now</a> and &nbsp;<a href="https://dignityallianceinternational.org/" title="https://dignityallianceinternational.org/">Dignity Alliance International</a>&#39;s co-authored <a href="/upload/files/Sexual_Violence_in_South_Asia_Legal_and_other_Barriers_to_Justice_for_Survivors_-_Equality_Now_-_2021_%281%29.pdf" title="/upload/files/Sexual_Violence_in_South_Asia_Legal_and_other_Barriers_to_Justice_for_Survivors_-_Equality_Now_-_2021_%281%29.pdf">report</a> -- <a name="sexual-violence-in-south-asia-legal-and-other-barriers-to-justice-for-survivors-published-in-april-2021">Sexual Violence in South Asia: Legal and Other Barriers to Justice for Survivors (published in April, 2021)</a>&nbsp;-- looks at rape laws in India, including those relating to marital rape.&nbsp;</p><p style="text-align:justify">Consent to marriage cannot and should never be construed as lifelong consent to sex, and nor should a marital relationship be used as a defense against rape, <a href="https://www.equalitynow.org/resource/sexualviolencesouthasia/" title="https://www.equalitynow.org/resource/sexualviolencesouthasia/">according to Equality Now</a>. Legally permitting impunity for rape within marriage treats wives as the property of their husbands and takes away women&rsquo;s rights over their own body.</p><p style="text-align:justify">Ensuring that marital rape is criminalized would improve access to justice for all women in India and would send a powerful signal that a woman always has the right to choose whether and with whom she has sexual relations.&nbsp;</p><p style="text-align:justify">Protection gaps in rape laws and barriers to accessing justice continue to lead to effective denial of justice for survivors of sexual violence in South Asia. Recent and widespread public protests in response to high profile rape cases in the region have shone a spotlight on the need for action.</p><p style="text-align:justify">The <a href="/upload/files/Sexual_Violence_in_South_Asia_Legal_and_other_Barriers_to_Justice_for_Survivors_-_Equality_Now_-_2021_%281%29.pdf" title="/upload/files/Sexual_Violence_in_South_Asia_Legal_and_other_Barriers_to_Justice_for_Survivors_-_Equality_Now_-_2021_%281%29.pdf">report</a> &#39;<a href="https://im4change.org/upload/files/Sexual_Violence_in_South_Asia_Legal_and_other_Barriers_to_Justice_for_Survivors_-_Equality_Now_-_2021_%281%29.pdf" title="https://im4change.org/upload/files/Sexual_Violence_in_South_Asia_Legal_and_other_Barriers_to_Justice_for_Survivors_-_Equality_Now_-_2021_%281%29.pdf">Sexual Violence</a> <a href="https://im4change.org/upload/files/Sexual_Violence_in_South_Asia_Legal_and_other_Barriers_to_Justice_for_Survivors_-_Equality_Now_-_2021_%281%29.pdf" title="https://im4change.org/upload/files/Sexual_Violence_in_South_Asia_Legal_and_other_Barriers_to_Justice_for_Survivors_-_Equality_Now_-_2021_%281%29.pdf">In South Asia: Legal</a> <a href="https://im4change.org/upload/files/Sexual_Violence_in_South_Asia_Legal_and_other_Barriers_to_Justice_for_Survivors_-_Equality_Now_-_2021_%281%29.pdf" title="https://im4change.org/upload/files/Sexual_Violence_in_South_Asia_Legal_and_other_Barriers_to_Justice_for_Survivors_-_Equality_Now_-_2021_%281%29.pdf">And Other Barriers To</a> <a href="https://im4change.org/upload/files/Sexual_Violence_in_South_Asia_Legal_and_other_Barriers_to_Justice_for_Survivors_-_Equality_Now_-_2021_%281%29.pdf" title="https://im4change.org/upload/files/Sexual_Violence_in_South_Asia_Legal_and_other_Barriers_to_Justice_for_Survivors_-_Equality_Now_-_2021_%281%29.pdf">Justice For Survivors</a>&#39; calls on the governments of Bangladesh, Bhutan, Nepal, Maldives, India, and Sri Lanka to take urgent action to address sexual violence and improve access to justice for survivors.</p><p style="text-align:justify"><strong>Survivors of sexual violence are denied justice</strong></p><p style="text-align:justify">Analysis of laws, policies, and practices related to sexual violence, alongside focus groups and in depth discussions with survivors, activists, and lawyers actively engaging with survivors of sexual violence, found that rape laws across the six South Asian countries studied effectively deny justice to survivors of sexual violence due to protection gaps in the laws. The&nbsp;<a href="/upload/files/Sexual_Violence_in_South_Asia_Legal_and_other_Barriers_to_Justice_for_Survivors_-_Equality_Now_-_2021_%281%29.pdf" title="/upload/files/Sexual_Violence_in_South_Asia_Legal_and_other_Barriers_to_Justice_for_Survivors_-_Equality_Now_-_2021_%281%29.pdf">report</a> also uncovered severe barriers to accessing justice and implementation gaps within the criminal justice system, particularly:</p><p style="text-align:justify">&bull; Limited definitions of sexual violence</p><p style="text-align:justify">&bull; Failure to criminalize marital rape in all circumstances</p><p style="text-align:justify">&bull; Discriminatory or overly burdensome evidence requirements; Bangladesh, Bhutan, Nepal, Maldives, and Sri Lanka all permit the introduction of evidence on the past sexual history of the rape victim.</p><p style="text-align:justify">In addition to the gaps in the law, the&nbsp;<a href="/upload/files/Sexual_Violence_in_South_Asia_Legal_and_other_Barriers_to_Justice_for_Survivors_-_Equality_Now_-_2021_%281%29.pdf" title="/upload/files/Sexual_Violence_in_South_Asia_Legal_and_other_Barriers_to_Justice_for_Survivors_-_Equality_Now_-_2021_%281%29.pdf">report</a> uncovered severe barriers to accessing justice and implementation gaps within the criminal justice system, including:</p><p style="text-align:justify">&bull; Long delays in the police investigation, medical examination, prosecution, and trials, with perpetrators often out on bail, are a major barrier to accessing justice.</p><p style="text-align:justify">&bull; The two finger test, a traumatizing and unscientific vaginal examination, continues to be conducted as part of the medical examination of rape survivors in India, Nepal, and Sri Lanka</p><p style="text-align:justify">&bull; Across all 6 countries, pressure is put on the survivor or her family to enter into an extra-legal settlement or compromise with the perpetrator. In Bangladesh, India, and Nepal over 60 percent of the survivors interviewed reported facing pressure to settle/compromise the case.</p><p style="text-align:justify">&bull; Conviction rates are low across the region, ranging from 3 percent in Bangladesh to 64 percent in Bhutan (though from an extremely low reporting base), resulting in impunity for the vast majority of perpetrators. Survivors and stakeholders across four countries (Bangladesh, India, Nepal, and Sri Lanka) highlighted that the susceptibility of justice system officials to bribery and corruption was a severe challenge to accessing justice.</p><p style="text-align:justify">&bull; Lack of quality support services for survivors like victim/witness protection schemes, safehouses/shelters, and psychosocial care compromises the safety of survivors, across all six countries.</p><p style="text-align:justify">Survivors of sexual violence from socially excluded communities face specific barriers to accessing justice based on their caste, tribal, ethnic, or religious identities in addition to gender discrimination.&nbsp;</p><p style="text-align:justify"><strong>Governments must take comprehensive action&nbsp;</strong></p><p style="text-align:justify">The <a href="/upload/files/Sexual_Violence_in_South_Asia_Legal_and_other_Barriers_to_Justice_for_Survivors_-_Equality_Now_-_2021_%281%29.pdf" title="/upload/files/Sexual_Violence_in_South_Asia_Legal_and_other_Barriers_to_Justice_for_Survivors_-_Equality_Now_-_2021_%281%29.pdf">report</a> calls for comprehensive action from governments to holistically address sexual violence and intersecting discrimination faced by women and girls across the region to live up to their commitments to protect and promote the human rights of women and girls. Specifically, the governments of the six South Asian countries must:&nbsp;</p><p style="text-align:justify">&bull; address protection gaps in the law&nbsp;</p><p style="text-align:justify">&bull; improve police responses to cases of sexual violence</p><p style="text-align:justify">&bull; ensure survivor-friendly medical examinations in rape cases</p><p style="text-align:justify">&bull; improve prosecution procedures and trials of sexual offenses</p><p style="text-align:justify">&bull; design and fund holistic interventions to improve access to justice for survivors</p><p style="text-align:justify">                                                                    <br>
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&bull; Maternal&nbsp;Mortality&nbsp;Ratio&nbsp;for&nbsp;India was 370&nbsp;in 2000,&nbsp;286 in 2005, 210 in 2010, 158 in 2015 and 145 in 2017. Therefore, the MMRatio for the country decreased by almost 61 percent between 2000 and 2017 *14&nbsp;

&nbsp;

&bull; As per the NSS 71st round,..."/>
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&nbsp;

&bull; Maternal&nbsp;Mortality&nbsp;Ratio&nbsp;for&nbsp;India was 370&nbsp;in 2000,&nbsp;286 in 2005, 210 in 2010, 158 in 2015 and 145 in 2017. Therefore, the MMRatio for the country decreased by almost 61 percent between 2000 and 2017 *14&nbsp;

&nbsp;

&bull; As per the NSS 71st round,..." />
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                                            <h2 style="font-weight: bold; font-size: 13px;">What's Inside</h2>
                                            <ul class="whatsinside">
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                                                        <a href="https://im4change.in/empowerment/gender-3280.html?pgno=2#sample-registration-system-statistical-report-2020-released-in-september-2022">Sample Registration System Statistical Report 2020 (released in September 2022)</a>
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                                                        <a href="https://im4change.in/empowerment/gender-3280.html?pgno=3#world-population-prospects-2022-released-on-july-11-2022">World Population Prospects 2022 (released on July 11, 2022)</a>
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                                                        <a href="https://im4change.in/empowerment/gender-3280.html?pgno=4#landmark-cases-of-caste-based-sexual-violence-from-1985-2020-released-on-14th-september-2021">Landmark Cases of Caste-based Sexual Violence from 1985-2020 (released on 14th September, 2021)</a>
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                                                        <a href="https://im4change.in/empowerment/gender-3280.html?pgno=4#legal-barriers-to-accessing-safe-abortion-services-in-india-a-fact-finding-study-published-in-2021">Legal Barriers to Accessing Safe Abortion Services in India: A Fact Finding Study (published in 2021)</a>
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                                                        <a href="https://im4change.in/empowerment/gender-3280.html?pgno=4#unfpa-state-of-world-population-report-2021-titled-my-body-is-my-own-released-in-april-2021">UNFPA State of World Population Report 2021 titled My Body is My Own (released in April, 2021)</a>
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                                                        <a href="https://im4change.in/empowerment/gender-3280.html?pgno=5#sexual-violence-in-south-asia-legal-and-other-barriers-to-justice-for-survivors-published-in-april-2021">Sexual Violence in South Asia: Legal and Other Barriers to Justice for Survivors (published in April, 2021)</a>
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                                                        <a href="https://im4change.in/empowerment/gender-3280.html?pgno=6#justice-denied-sexual-violence-and-intersectional-discrimination-barriers-to-accessing-justice-for-dalit-women-and-girls-in-haryana-released-in-november-2020">Justice Denied: Sexual Violence and Intersectional Discrimination - Barriers to Accessing Justice for Dalit Women and Girls in Haryana (released in November 2020)</a>
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                                                        <a href="https://im4change.in/empowerment/gender-3280.html?pgno=7#against-my-will-defying-the-practices-that-harm-women-and-girls-and-undermine-equality-released-in-june-2020">Against My Will - Defying the practices that harm women and girls and undermine equality (released in June 2020)</a>
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                                                        <a href="https://im4change.in/empowerment/gender-3280.html?pgno=8#trends-in-maternal-mortality-2000-to-2017-estimates-by-who-unicef-world-bank-group-unfpa-and-the-united-nations-population-division-released-in-september-2019">Trends in Maternal Mortality 2000 to 2017: Estimates by WHO, UNICEF, World Bank Group, UNFPA and the United Nations Population Division (released in September 2019)</a>
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                                                        <a href="https://im4change.in/empowerment/gender-3280.html?pgno=9#women-and-men-in-india-2015">Women and Men in India 2015</a>
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                                                                                            <div><a href="javascript:void(0)" id="morewhatsinsidelink" onClick="javascript:$('#morewhatsinside').show();$('#morewhatsinsidelink').hide();$('#lesswhatsinsidelink').show();">More</a></div>
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                                                        <a href="https://im4change.in/empowerment/gender-3280.html?pgno=10#women-in-business-and-management-gaining-momentum-published-in-january-2015">Women in Business and Management: Gaining Momentum (published in January 2015)</a>
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                                                        <a href="https://im4change.in/empowerment/gender-3280.html?pgno=11#women-and-men-in-india-2014">Women and Men in India 2014</a>
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                                                        <a href="https://im4change.in/empowerment/gender-3280.html?pgno=12#the-law-and-son-preference-in-india-a-reality-check">The Law and Son Preference in India: A Reality Check</a>
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                                                        <a href="https://im4change.in/empowerment/gender-3280.html?pgno=13#gender-pay-gap-in-the-formal-sector-2006-2013">Gender Pay Gap in the Formal Sector: 2006-2013</a>
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                                                        <a href="https://im4change.in/empowerment/gender-3280.html?pgno=13#women-and-men-in-india-2013">Women and Men in India 2013</a>
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                                                                                                        <li>
                                                        <a href="https://im4change.in/empowerment/gender-3280.html?pgno=14#global-and-regional-estimates-of-violence-against-women">Global and Regional Estimates of Violence against Women</a>
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                                                        <a href="https://im4change.in/empowerment/gender-3280.html?pgno=15#tied-in-a-knot-cross-region-marriages-in-haryana-and-rajasthan">Tied in a Knot: Cross-region Marriages in Haryana and Rajasthan</a>
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                                                                                                        <li>
                                                        <a href="https://im4change.in/empowerment/gender-3280.html?pgno=16#the-state-of-world-population-2012">The State of World Population 2012</a>
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                                                        <a href="https://im4change.in/empowerment/gender-3280.html?pgno=17#progress-for-children-a-report-card-on-adolescents-unicef-2012">Progress for Children: A Report Card on Adolescents (UNICEF-2012)</a>
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                                                        <a href="https://im4change.in/empowerment/gender-3280.html?pgno=18#ldquothe-economic-rights-entitlements-of-separated-and-divorced-women-indiardquo">&ldquo;The Economic Rights &amp; Entitlements of Separated and Divorced Women India,&rdquo;</a>
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                                                        <a href="https://im4change.in/empowerment/gender-3280.html?pgno=19#women-and-men-in-india-2011">Women and Men in India 2011</a>
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                                                                                                        <li>
                                                        <a href="https://im4change.in/empowerment/gender-3280.html?pgno=20#world-development-report-2012-gender-equality-and-development">World Development Report 2012-Gender Equality and Development</a>
                                                    </li>
                                                                                                        <li>
                                                        <a href="https://im4change.in/empowerment/gender-3280.html?pgno=21#progress-of-the-world39s-women-in-pursuit-of-justice-2011-12">Progress of the World&#39;s Women: In Pursuit of Justice 2011-12</a>
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                                                        <a href="https://im4change.in/empowerment/gender-3280.html?pgno=21#women-and-labour-markets-in-asia-rebalancing-for-gender-equality-2011">Women and Labour Markets in Asia: Rebalancing for Gender Equality (2011)</a>
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                                                        <a href="https://im4change.in/empowerment/gender-3280.html?pgno=22#the-world39s-women-and-girls-2011">The World&#39;s Women and Girls: 2011</a>
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                                                                                                        <li>
                                                        <a href="https://im4change.in/empowerment/gender-3280.html?pgno=22#the-state-of-food-and-agriculture-2010-2011-women-in-agriculture">The State of Food and Agriculture 2010-2011 Women in Agriculture</a>
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                                                                                                        <li>
                                                        <a href="https://im4change.in/empowerment/gender-3280.html?pgno=22#gender-dimensions-of-agricultural-and-rural-employment">Gender dimensions of agricultural and rural employment</a>
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                                                                                                        <li>
                                                        <a href="https://im4change.in/empowerment/gender-3280.html?pgno=23#report-on-conditions-of-work-and-promotion-of-livelihoods-in-the-unorganised-sector">Report on Conditions of Work and Promotion of Livelihoods in the Unorganised Sector</a>
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                                                                                                        <li>
                                                        <a href="https://im4change.in/empowerment/gender-3280.html?pgno=23#the-eu-india-fta-in-agriculture-and-likely-impact-on-indian-women">The EU India FTA in Agriculture and Likely Impact on Indian Women</a>
                                                    </li>
                                                                                                        <li>
                                                        <a href="https://im4change.in/empowerment/gender-3280.html?pgno=24#investing-in-women-as-drivers-of-agricultural-growth">Investing in Women as Drivers of Agricultural Growth</a>
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                                                                                                        <li>
                                                        <a href="https://im4change.in/empowerment/gender-3280.html?pgno=24#factsheet-women-farmers-and-food-security">Factsheet: Women Farmers and Food Security</a>
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                                                                                                        <li>
                                                        <a href="https://im4change.in/empowerment/gender-3280.html?pgno=24#characteristics-of-sex-ratio-imbalance-in-india-and-future-scenarios">Characteristics of Sex-Ratio Imbalance in India, and Future Scenarios </a>
                                                    </li>
                                                                                                </ul>
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                            </p><p style="text-align:justify"><a href="https://www.equalitynow.org/resource/sexualviolencesouthasia/" title="https://www.equalitynow.org/resource/sexualviolencesouthasia/">Equality Now</a> and &nbsp;<a href="https://dignityallianceinternational.org/" title="https://dignityallianceinternational.org/">Dignity Alliance International</a>&#39;s co-authored <a href="/upload/files/Sexual_Violence_in_South_Asia_Legal_and_other_Barriers_to_Justice_for_Survivors_-_Equality_Now_-_2021_%281%29.pdf" title="/upload/files/Sexual_Violence_in_South_Asia_Legal_and_other_Barriers_to_Justice_for_Survivors_-_Equality_Now_-_2021_%281%29.pdf">report</a> -- <a name="sexual-violence-in-south-asia-legal-and-other-barriers-to-justice-for-survivors-published-in-april-2021">Sexual Violence in South Asia: Legal and Other Barriers to Justice for Survivors (published in April, 2021)</a>&nbsp;-- looks at rape laws in India, including those relating to marital rape.&nbsp;</p><p style="text-align:justify">Consent to marriage cannot and should never be construed as lifelong consent to sex, and nor should a marital relationship be used as a defense against rape, <a href="https://www.equalitynow.org/resource/sexualviolencesouthasia/" title="https://www.equalitynow.org/resource/sexualviolencesouthasia/">according to Equality Now</a>. Legally permitting impunity for rape within marriage treats wives as the property of their husbands and takes away women&rsquo;s rights over their own body.</p><p style="text-align:justify">Ensuring that marital rape is criminalized would improve access to justice for all women in India and would send a powerful signal that a woman always has the right to choose whether and with whom she has sexual relations.&nbsp;</p><p style="text-align:justify">Protection gaps in rape laws and barriers to accessing justice continue to lead to effective denial of justice for survivors of sexual violence in South Asia. Recent and widespread public protests in response to high profile rape cases in the region have shone a spotlight on the need for action.</p><p style="text-align:justify">The <a href="/upload/files/Sexual_Violence_in_South_Asia_Legal_and_other_Barriers_to_Justice_for_Survivors_-_Equality_Now_-_2021_%281%29.pdf" title="/upload/files/Sexual_Violence_in_South_Asia_Legal_and_other_Barriers_to_Justice_for_Survivors_-_Equality_Now_-_2021_%281%29.pdf">report</a> &#39;<a href="https://im4change.org/upload/files/Sexual_Violence_in_South_Asia_Legal_and_other_Barriers_to_Justice_for_Survivors_-_Equality_Now_-_2021_%281%29.pdf" title="https://im4change.org/upload/files/Sexual_Violence_in_South_Asia_Legal_and_other_Barriers_to_Justice_for_Survivors_-_Equality_Now_-_2021_%281%29.pdf">Sexual Violence</a> <a href="https://im4change.org/upload/files/Sexual_Violence_in_South_Asia_Legal_and_other_Barriers_to_Justice_for_Survivors_-_Equality_Now_-_2021_%281%29.pdf" title="https://im4change.org/upload/files/Sexual_Violence_in_South_Asia_Legal_and_other_Barriers_to_Justice_for_Survivors_-_Equality_Now_-_2021_%281%29.pdf">In South Asia: Legal</a> <a href="https://im4change.org/upload/files/Sexual_Violence_in_South_Asia_Legal_and_other_Barriers_to_Justice_for_Survivors_-_Equality_Now_-_2021_%281%29.pdf" title="https://im4change.org/upload/files/Sexual_Violence_in_South_Asia_Legal_and_other_Barriers_to_Justice_for_Survivors_-_Equality_Now_-_2021_%281%29.pdf">And Other Barriers To</a> <a href="https://im4change.org/upload/files/Sexual_Violence_in_South_Asia_Legal_and_other_Barriers_to_Justice_for_Survivors_-_Equality_Now_-_2021_%281%29.pdf" title="https://im4change.org/upload/files/Sexual_Violence_in_South_Asia_Legal_and_other_Barriers_to_Justice_for_Survivors_-_Equality_Now_-_2021_%281%29.pdf">Justice For Survivors</a>&#39; calls on the governments of Bangladesh, Bhutan, Nepal, Maldives, India, and Sri Lanka to take urgent action to address sexual violence and improve access to justice for survivors.</p><p style="text-align:justify"><strong>Survivors of sexual violence are denied justice</strong></p><p style="text-align:justify">Analysis of laws, policies, and practices related to sexual violence, alongside focus groups and in depth discussions with survivors, activists, and lawyers actively engaging with survivors of sexual violence, found that rape laws across the six South Asian countries studied effectively deny justice to survivors of sexual violence due to protection gaps in the laws. The&nbsp;<a href="/upload/files/Sexual_Violence_in_South_Asia_Legal_and_other_Barriers_to_Justice_for_Survivors_-_Equality_Now_-_2021_%281%29.pdf" title="/upload/files/Sexual_Violence_in_South_Asia_Legal_and_other_Barriers_to_Justice_for_Survivors_-_Equality_Now_-_2021_%281%29.pdf">report</a> also uncovered severe barriers to accessing justice and implementation gaps within the criminal justice system, particularly:</p><p style="text-align:justify">&bull; Limited definitions of sexual violence</p><p style="text-align:justify">&bull; Failure to criminalize marital rape in all circumstances</p><p style="text-align:justify">&bull; Discriminatory or overly burdensome evidence requirements; Bangladesh, Bhutan, Nepal, Maldives, and Sri Lanka all permit the introduction of evidence on the past sexual history of the rape victim.</p><p style="text-align:justify">In addition to the gaps in the law, the&nbsp;<a href="/upload/files/Sexual_Violence_in_South_Asia_Legal_and_other_Barriers_to_Justice_for_Survivors_-_Equality_Now_-_2021_%281%29.pdf" title="/upload/files/Sexual_Violence_in_South_Asia_Legal_and_other_Barriers_to_Justice_for_Survivors_-_Equality_Now_-_2021_%281%29.pdf">report</a> uncovered severe barriers to accessing justice and implementation gaps within the criminal justice system, including:</p><p style="text-align:justify">&bull; Long delays in the police investigation, medical examination, prosecution, and trials, with perpetrators often out on bail, are a major barrier to accessing justice.</p><p style="text-align:justify">&bull; The two finger test, a traumatizing and unscientific vaginal examination, continues to be conducted as part of the medical examination of rape survivors in India, Nepal, and Sri Lanka</p><p style="text-align:justify">&bull; Across all 6 countries, pressure is put on the survivor or her family to enter into an extra-legal settlement or compromise with the perpetrator. In Bangladesh, India, and Nepal over 60 percent of the survivors interviewed reported facing pressure to settle/compromise the case.</p><p style="text-align:justify">&bull; Conviction rates are low across the region, ranging from 3 percent in Bangladesh to 64 percent in Bhutan (though from an extremely low reporting base), resulting in impunity for the vast majority of perpetrators. Survivors and stakeholders across four countries (Bangladesh, India, Nepal, and Sri Lanka) highlighted that the susceptibility of justice system officials to bribery and corruption was a severe challenge to accessing justice.</p><p style="text-align:justify">&bull; Lack of quality support services for survivors like victim/witness protection schemes, safehouses/shelters, and psychosocial care compromises the safety of survivors, across all six countries.</p><p style="text-align:justify">Survivors of sexual violence from socially excluded communities face specific barriers to accessing justice based on their caste, tribal, ethnic, or religious identities in addition to gender discrimination.&nbsp;</p><p style="text-align:justify"><strong>Governments must take comprehensive action&nbsp;</strong></p><p style="text-align:justify">The <a href="/upload/files/Sexual_Violence_in_South_Asia_Legal_and_other_Barriers_to_Justice_for_Survivors_-_Equality_Now_-_2021_%281%29.pdf" title="/upload/files/Sexual_Violence_in_South_Asia_Legal_and_other_Barriers_to_Justice_for_Survivors_-_Equality_Now_-_2021_%281%29.pdf">report</a> calls for comprehensive action from governments to holistically address sexual violence and intersecting discrimination faced by women and girls across the region to live up to their commitments to protect and promote the human rights of women and girls. Specifically, the governments of the six South Asian countries must:&nbsp;</p><p style="text-align:justify">&bull; address protection gaps in the law&nbsp;</p><p style="text-align:justify">&bull; improve police responses to cases of sexual violence</p><p style="text-align:justify">&bull; ensure survivor-friendly medical examinations in rape cases</p><p style="text-align:justify">&bull; improve prosecution procedures and trials of sexual offenses</p><p style="text-align:justify">&bull; design and fund holistic interventions to improve access to justice for survivors</p><p style="text-align:justify">                                                                    <br>
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What's Inside Sample Registration System Statistical Report 2020 (released in September 2022) World Population Prospects 2022 (released on July 11, 2022) Landmark Cases of Caste-based Sexual Violence from 1985-2020 (released on 14th September, 2021) Legal Barriers to Accessing Safe Abortion Services in India: A Fact Finding Study (published in 2021) UNFPA State of World Population Report 2021 titled My Body is My Own (released in April, 2021) Sexual Violence in South Asia: Legal and Other Barriers to Justice for Survivors (published in April, 2021) Justice Denied: Sexual Violence and Intersectional Discrimination - Barriers to Accessing Justice for Dalit Women and Girls in Haryana (released in November 2020) Against My Will - Defying the practices that harm women and girls and undermine equality (released in June 2020) Trends in Maternal Mortality 2000 to 2017: Estimates by WHO, UNICEF, World Bank Group, UNFPA and the United Nations Population Division (released in September 2019) Women and Men in India 2015 More Women in Business and Management: Gaining Momentum (published in January 2015) Women and Men in India 2014 The Law and Son Preference in India: A Reality Check Gender Pay Gap in the Formal Sector: 2006-2013 Women and Men in India 2013 Global and Regional Estimates of Violence against Women Tied in a Knot: Cross-region Marriages in Haryana and Rajasthan The State of World Population 2012 Progress for Children: A Report Card on Adolescents (UNICEF-2012) “The Economic Rights & Entitlements of Separated and Divorced Women India,” Women and Men in India 2011 World Development Report 2012-Gender Equality and Development Progress of the World's Women: In Pursuit of Justice 2011-12 Women and Labour Markets in Asia: Rebalancing for Gender Equality (2011) The World's Women and Girls: 2011 The State of Food and Agriculture 2010-2011 Women in Agriculture Gender dimensions of agricultural and rural employment Report on Conditions of Work and Promotion of Livelihoods in the Unorganised Sector The EU India FTA in Agriculture and Likely Impact on Indian Women Investing in Women as Drivers of Agricultural Growth Factsheet: Women Farmers and Food Security Characteristics of Sex-Ratio Imbalance in India, and Future Scenarios Less Equality Now and  Dignity Alliance International's co-authored report -- Sexual Violence in South Asia: Legal and Other Barriers to Justice for Survivors (published in April, 2021) -- looks at rape laws in India, including those relating to marital rape.  Consent to marriage cannot and should never be construed as lifelong consent to sex, and nor should a marital relationship be used as a defense against rape, according to Equality Now. Legally permitting impunity for rape within marriage treats wives as the property of their husbands and takes away women’s rights over their own body. Ensuring that marital rape is criminalized would improve access to justice for all women in India and would send a powerful signal that a woman always has the right to choose whether and with whom she has sexual relations.  Protection gaps in rape laws and barriers to accessing justice continue to lead to effective denial of justice for survivors of sexual violence in South Asia. Recent and widespread public protests in response to high profile rape cases in the region have shone a spotlight on the need for action. The report 'Sexual Violence In South Asia: Legal And Other Barriers To Justice For Survivors' calls on the governments of Bangladesh, Bhutan, Nepal, Maldives, India, and Sri Lanka to take urgent action to address sexual violence and improve access to justice for survivors. Survivors of sexual violence are denied justice Analysis of laws, policies, and practices related to sexual violence, alongside focus groups and in depth discussions with survivors, activists, and lawyers actively engaging with survivors of sexual violence, found that rape laws across the six South Asian countries studied effectively deny justice to survivors of sexual violence due to protection gaps in the laws. The report also uncovered severe barriers to accessing justice and implementation gaps within the criminal justice system, particularly: • Limited definitions of sexual violence • Failure to criminalize marital rape in all circumstances • Discriminatory or overly burdensome evidence requirements; Bangladesh, Bhutan, Nepal, Maldives, and Sri Lanka all permit the introduction of evidence on the past sexual history of the rape victim. In addition to the gaps in the law, the report uncovered severe barriers to accessing justice and implementation gaps within the criminal justice system, including: • Long delays in the police investigation, medical examination, prosecution, and trials, with perpetrators often out on bail, are a major barrier to accessing justice. • The two finger test, a traumatizing and unscientific vaginal examination, continues to be conducted as part of the medical examination of rape survivors in India, Nepal, and Sri Lanka • Across all 6 countries, pressure is put on the survivor or her family to enter into an extra-legal settlement or compromise with the perpetrator. In Bangladesh, India, and Nepal over 60 percent of the survivors interviewed reported facing pressure to settle/compromise the case. • Conviction rates are low across the region, ranging from 3 percent in Bangladesh to 64 percent in Bhutan (though from an extremely low reporting base), resulting in impunity for the vast majority of perpetrators. Survivors and stakeholders across four countries (Bangladesh, India, Nepal, and Sri Lanka) highlighted that the susceptibility of justice system officials to bribery and corruption was a severe challenge to accessing justice. • Lack of quality support services for survivors like victim/witness protection schemes, safehouses/shelters, and psychosocial care compromises the safety of survivors, across all six countries. Survivors of sexual violence from socially excluded communities face specific barriers to accessing justice based on their caste, tribal, ethnic, or religious identities in addition to gender discrimination.  Governments must take comprehensive action  The report calls for comprehensive action from governments to holistically address sexual violence and intersecting discrimination faced by women and girls across the region to live up to their commitments to protect and promote the human rights of women and girls. Specifically, the governments of the six South Asian countries must:  • address protection gaps in the law  • improve police responses to cases of sexual violence • ensure survivor-friendly medical examinations in rape cases • improve prosecution procedures and trials of sexual offenses • design and fund holistic interventions to improve access to justice for survivors « previous123456789101112131415161718192021222324next »

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