Deprecated (16384): The ArrayAccess methods will be removed in 4.0.0.Use getParam(), getData() and getQuery() instead. - /home/brlfuser/public_html/src/Controller/ArtileDetailController.php, line: 150
 You can disable deprecation warnings by setting `Error.errorLevel` to `E_ALL & ~E_USER_DEPRECATED` in your config/app.php. [CORE/src/Core/functions.php, line 311]
Deprecated (16384): The ArrayAccess methods will be removed in 4.0.0.Use getParam(), getData() and getQuery() instead. - /home/brlfuser/public_html/src/Controller/ArtileDetailController.php, line: 151
 You can disable deprecation warnings by setting `Error.errorLevel` to `E_ALL & ~E_USER_DEPRECATED` in your config/app.php. [CORE/src/Core/functions.php, line 311]
Warning (512): Unable to emit headers. Headers sent in file=/home/brlfuser/public_html/vendor/cakephp/cakephp/src/Error/Debugger.php line=853 [CORE/src/Http/ResponseEmitter.php, line 48]
Warning (2): Cannot modify header information - headers already sent by (output started at /home/brlfuser/public_html/vendor/cakephp/cakephp/src/Error/Debugger.php:853) [CORE/src/Http/ResponseEmitter.php, line 148]
Warning (2): Cannot modify header information - headers already sent by (output started at /home/brlfuser/public_html/vendor/cakephp/cakephp/src/Error/Debugger.php:853) [CORE/src/Http/ResponseEmitter.php, line 181]
Empowerment | Union Budget And Other Economic Policies
Union Budget And Other Economic Policies

Union Budget And Other Economic Policies

Share this article Share this article

What's Inside

KEY TRENDS of the Union Budget 2023-24

Budget 2023-24 is the last full budget before the general election scheduled for 2024. An analysis of the budget allocations suggests that the union government has squeezed expenditure, particularly on food subsidy and the NREGA budget, while boosting Capital expenditure and giving the middle class tax benefits.

Social sector activists working on Right to Food, the National Rural Employment Guarantee Act (NREGA) came out with an analysis of the Union Budget 2022-23. Please click here to access the press note. Budget 2023-24 has reduced the food subsidy allocation by Rs 89,000 crore to Rs. 1.97 lakh crore, barely enough to meet regular entitlement requirements under the National Food Security Act. Further, more than 10 crore people have been left out becasue 2011 census figures are being used to determine coverage, in the absence of the 2021 census. On NREGA, the Rs. 60,000 crore allocated is enough for just 20 days of guarantee per job card.    

---

Please click here for an analysis of Union Budget 2022-23 (released in February, 2022), by PRS Legislative Research.

---
Please click here for a graphic of Budget 2023-24 that shows receipts and expenditure. 

If one goes by the expenditure of major items, then according to the Union Budget 2022-23 (please click here to access):

• The allocation for Pensions was decreased by Rs. 10,471 crore. The budget alloted in FY 2023-24 BE is Rs. 2,34,359 crore. and in FY 2022-23 (RE) it was Rs. 2,44,780 crore. It was Rs 2,07,132 crore in 2022-23 (BE). 

• The allocation for Fertilizer subsidy was decreased by Rs. 50,120 crore. The budget alloted in FY 2023-24 BE is Rs. 1,75,100 crore. and in FY 2022-23 (RE) it was 2,25,220 Rs. crore. It was Rs crore 1,05,222 in 2022-23 (BE). 

• The allocation for Food subsidy was decreased by Rs. 89,844 crore. The budget alloted in FY 2023-24 BE is Rs. 1,97,350 crore and in FY 2022-23 (RE) it was Rs. 2,87,194 crore. It was Rs 2,06,831 crore in 2022-23 (BE). 

• The allocation for Petroleum subsidy was decreased by Rs. 6,914 crore. The budget alloted in FY 2023-24 BE is Rs. 2,257 crore and in FY 2022-23 (RE) it was Rs. 9,171 crore. It was Rs crore 5,813  in 2022-23 (BE). 

• The allocation for Agriculture and Allied Activities was increased by Rs. 7,935 crore. The budget alloted in FY 2023-24 BE is Rs. 84,214 crore and in FY 2022-23 (RE) it was Rs. 76,279 crore. It was 83,521 Rs crore in 2022-23 (BE).  Budgetary allocation on Agriculture and Allied Activities as a proportion of total budgetary expenditure was 2.92 percent of the total budget. 

• The allocation for PM-KISAN remained constant at Rs. 60,000 crore between 2023-24 BE and 2022-23 (RE). It was Rs 68,000 crore in 2022-23 (BE).     

• Expenditure on Education was increased from Rs. 99,881 crore in 2022-23 (R.E.) to Rs. 1,12,899 crore in 2023-24 (B.E.). Budgetary allocation on Health was Rs. 1,04,278 crore in 2022-23(B.E.). Budgetary allocation for education as a proportion of the budget was 2.5 percent in 2023-24 (B.E.) and as a proportion of GDP it was 0.37 percent. 

• Expenditure on Health was increased from Rs. 77,351 crore in 2022-23 (R.E.) to Rs. 88,956 crore in 2023-24 (B.E.). Budgetary allocation on Health was Rs. 86,606 crore in 2022-23 (B.E.). Budgetary allocation on Education as a proportion of total budgetary expenditure was 2.06 percent in 2023-24 (B.E.), and as a proportion of GDP it was 0.31 percent. 
 
• Expenditure on Social Welfare was increased from Rs. 46,502 crore in 2022-23 (R.E.) to Rs. 55,080 crore in 2023-24 (B.E.). It was Rs. 51,780 in 2022-23 (B.E.)
 
Please click here to access the Union Budget Speech 2022-23, which was delivered by Smt. Nirmala Sitharaman on 1st February, 2023.

---

Allocations for various schemes under the Union Budget 2022-23 (please click here to access):

(A) Core of the Core Schemes

• National Social Assistance Progamme-NSAP (that includes old age pension, widow pension, pension for disabled, National Family Benefit Scheme & Annapurna) - Rs. 9,636 crore in 2023-24 B.E. Vs. Rs 9,652 crore in 2022-23 R.E.    

• Mahatma Gandhi National Rural Employment Guarantee Act - Rs. 60,000 crore in 2023-24 (B.E.) Vs. Rs. 89,400 crore in 2022-23 (R.E.) 

• Umbrella Programme for Development of Schedule Tribes - Rs. 4,295 crore in 2023-24 (B.E.) Vs. Rs. 3,874 crore in 2022-23 (R.E.)

• Umbrella Programme for Development of Scheduled Castes - Rs. 9,409 crore in 2023-24 (B.E.) Vs. Rs. 7,722 crore in 2022-23 (R.E.)

• Umbrella Programme for Development of Minorities - Rs. Rs 610 crore in 2023-24 (B.E.) Vs. Rs. 530 crore in 2022-23 (R.E.); Rs 1,810 crore in 2022-23 (B.E.)

• Umbrella Programme for Development of  Other Vulnerable Groups - Rs. 2,194 crore in 2023-24 (B.E.) Vs. Rs. 1,921 crore in 2022-23 (R.E.)

---

(B) Core Schemes

• Green Revolution - N.A. in 2023-24 (B.E.) Vs. N.A. in 2022-23 (R.E.); Rs. 6,747 crore in 2021-22 actuals

• Blue Revolution - Rs. 2,025 crore in 2023-24 (B.E.) Vs. Rs. 1,422 crore in 2022-23 (R.E.)

• Ayushman Bharat/Pradhan Mantri Jan Aarogya Yojna (RSBY) - Rs. 7,200 crore in 2023-24 (B.E.) Vs. Rs. 6,427 crore in 2022-23 (R.E.)

• Pradhan Mantri Krishi Sinchai Yojana - Rs. 10,787 crore in 2023-24 (B.E.) Vs. Rs. 8,085 crore in 2022-23 (R.E.)

• Pradhan Mantri Gram Sadak Yojana - Rs. 19,000 crore in 2023-24 (B.E.) Vs. Rs. 19,000 crore in 2022-23 (R.E.)

• Pradhan Mantri Awas Yojana - Rs. 79,590 crore in 2023-24 (B.E.) Vs. Rs. 77,130  crore in 2022-23 (R.E.)

• Jal Jeevan Mission (JJM)/ National Rural Drinking Water Mission - Rs. 70,000 crore in 2023-24 (B.E.) Vs. Rs. 55,000 crore in 2022-23 (R.E.)

• Swachh Bharat Mission-Urban (SBM-Urban) - Rs. 5,000 crore in 2023-24 (B.E.) Vs. Rs. 2,000 crore in 2022-23 (R.E.)

• Swachh Bharat Mission-Gramin (SBM-Rural) - Rs. 7,192 crore in 2023-24 (B.E.) Vs. Rs. 5,000 crore in 2022-23 (R.E.)

• National Health Mission (NHM) - Rs. 36,785 crore in 2023-24 (B.E.) Vs. Rs. 33,708 crore in 2022-23 (R.E.)

• National Education Mission - Rs. 38,953 crore in 2023-24 (B.E.) Vs. Rs. 32,612 crore in 2022-23 (R.E.))

• National Programme of Mid Day Meal in Schools/ Pradhan Mantri Poshan Shakti Nirman (PM POSHAN) - Rs. 11,600 crore in 2023-24 (B.E.) Vs. Rs. 12,800 crore in 2022-23 (R.E.)

• Saksham Anganwadi and Poshan 2.0 (Umbrella ICDS-Anganwadi Services, Poshan Abhiyan, Scheme for Adolescent Girls) - Rs. 20,554 crore in 2023-24 (B.E.) Vs. Rs. 20,263 crore in 2022-23 (R.E.)

• Mission Shakti--Mission for Protection and Empowerment for Women [Pradhan Mantri Matru Vandana Yojana (PMMVY) is a component of Mission Shakti] - Rs. 3,144 crore in 2023-24 (B.E.) Vs. Rs. 2,280 crore in 2022-23 (R.E.)

• National Livelihood Mission - Ajeevika - Rs. 14,129 crore in 2023-24 (B.E.) Vs. Rs. 13,886 crore in 2022-23 (R.E.)

• Environment, Forestry and Wildlife - Rs. 759 crore in 2023-24 (B.E.) Vs. Rs. 549 crore in 2022-23 (R.E.)

• Urban Rejuvenation Mission: AMRUT - Atal  Mission for Rejuvenation and Urban Transformation & Smart Cities Mission - Rs. 16,000 crore in 2023-24 (B.E.) Vs. Rs. 15,300 crore in 2022-23 (R.E.)

• Modernisation of Police Forces - Rs. 3,750 crore in 2023-24 (B.E.) Vs. Rs. 2,432 crore in 2022-23 (R.E.)

• Infrastructure Facilities for Judiciary - Rs. 1,061 crore in 2023-24 (B.E.) Vs. Rs. 858 crore in 2022-23 (R.E.)

• Border Area Development Programme - Rs. 600 crore in 2023-24 (B.E.) Vs. Rs. 160 crore in 2022-23 (R.E.)

• Rashtriya Gram Swaraj Abhiyan (RGSA) - Rs. 895 crore in 2023-24 (B.E.) Vs. Rs. 762 crore in 2022-23 (R.E.)

---

(C) Some Important Central Sector Schemes (please click here to access)

• Crop Insurance Scheme - Rs. 13,625  in 2023-24 (B.E.) Vs. Rs. 12,376 crore in 2022-23 (R.E.)

• Modified Interest Subvention Scheme (MISS) - Rs. 23,000 in 2023-24 (B.E.) Vs. Rs. 22,000 crore in 2022-23 (R.E.)

• Pradhan Mantri Kisan Samman Nidhi/ Income Support Scheme (PM-KISAN) - Rs. 60,000 in 2023-24 (B.E.) Vs. Rs. 60,000 crore in 2022-23 (R.E.)

• Pradhan Mantri Kisan Sampada Yojana - Rs. 923 in 2023-24 (B.E.) Vs. Rs. 673 crore in 2022-23 (R.E.)

• Pradhan Mantri Swasthya Suraksha Yojana - Rs. 3,365 in 2023-24 (B.E.) Vs. Rs. 8,270 crore in 2022-23 (R.E.)

• Police Infrastructure - Rs. 3,637 in 2023-24 (B.E.) Vs. Rs. 2,188 crore in 2022-23 (R.E.)

• Prime Minister Employment Generation Programme (PMEGP) - Rs. 2,700 in 2023-24 (B.E.) Vs. Rs. 2,484 crore in 2022-23 (R.E.)

• Amended Technology Upgradation Fund Scheme (ATUFS) - Rs. 900 in 2023-24 (B.E.) Vs. Rs. 650 crore in 2022-23 (R.E.)

• Kisan Urja Suraksha evam Utthaan Mahabhiyan (KUSUM) - Rs. 1,996 in 2023-24 (B.E.) Vs. Rs. 1,325 crore in 2022-23 (R.E.)

• Eklavya Model Residential School (EMRS) - Rs. 5,943 in 2023-24 (B.E.) Vs. Rs. 2,000 crore in 2022-23 (R.E.)

• Food Subsidy to Food Corporation of India under National Food Security Act - Rs. 1,37,207 in 2023-24 (B.E.) Vs. Rs. 2,14,696 crore in 2022-23 (R.E.)

• Food Subsidy for Decentralized Procurement of Foodgrains under NFSA - Rs. 59,793 in 2023-24 (B.E.) Vs. Rs. 72,283 crore in 2022-23 (R.E.)

• Scheme for Faster Adoption and Manufacturing of (Hybrid and) Electric Vehicle in India-(FAME - India) - Rs. 5,172 in 2023-24 (B.E.) Vs. Rs. 2,898 crore in 2022-23 (R.E.)

---

Please click here  to access the report Walking the Tightrope: An Analysis of Union Budget 2023-24 (released in February 2023), by the Centre for Budget and Governance Accountability (CBGA).

---

Budget Briefs on important schemes and programmes (Pre-Budget Analysis), prepared by Accountability Initiative, Centre for Policy Research:

Click here to access the Budget Brief titled Food Subsidy and the National Food Security Act, by Jenny Susan John, Avani Kapur and Ria Kasliwal (2023) of the Accountability Initiative, Centre for Policy Research. 

Food Subsidy is provided by the Government of India (GoI) for the supply and distribution of foodgrains and other essential commodities. With the passing of the National Food Security Act (NFSA) in 2013, nutritional security became a right. Under the Act, adequate quantities of quality food at affordable prices are to be provided to two-thirds of India’s population.

According to the brief:

• For Financial Year (FY) 2023-24, GoI has allocated Rs. 1,97,350 crore for food subsidy, a 31 per cent decrease from the previous year’s Revised Estimates (REs) and 5 per cent lower than the Budget Estimates (BEs)
• The decrease is partly due to the removal of additional foodgrain  allocations under PMGKAY and other pandemic relief measures.
• GoI, however, has announced free foodgrains to all eligible households under NFSA for one year from 1 January 2023 to 31 December 2023
• Coverage under NFSA is still measured using Census 2011 data. Using the population projections for 2022, only 87 per cent of eligible citizens under NFSA are covered under the scheme. Therefore, 
approximately 12.3 crore eligible citizens are being excluded at present. 

---

Click here to access the Centre for Policy Research's budget brief on Jal Jeevan Mission, analyzed and written by Neeha Susan Jacob, Sidharth Santhosh, and Avani Kapur (2023) of the Accountability Initiative. 

Jal Jeevan Mission (JJM) is Government of India’s (GoI’s) rural drinking water programme. It aims to provide functional tap connections to every household for drinking, cooking, and other domestic needs on a sustainable basis by 2024. It subsumes the previous National Rural Drinking Water Programme (NRDWP).

Against the backdrop of the COVID-19 pandemic, this brief uses government data to report on:

• For FY 2023-24, GoI has allocated Rs. 70,000 crore to Jal Jeevan Mission (JJM) - a 27 per cent increase over the previous year's Revised Estimates (REs) which stood at Rs. 55,000 crore
• Pace of fund utilisation is high. In FY 2022-23, till 1 January 2023, 66 per cent of total available GoI funds had been spent, compared to 57 per cent  for full FY 2021-22
• There are differences, however, between GoI allocations as per the Union budget and those reported in the JJM Management Information System (MIS). In FY 2022-23, while REs stood at Rs. 55,000 crore, the MIS reports Rs. 1,00,753 crore, nearly double as on 1 January 2023.
---

Click here to access the Centre for Policy Research's budget brief on Pradhan Mantri Poshan Shakti Nirman, analyzed and written by Avani Kapur, Sharad Pandey, and Madhur Sharma (2023) of the Accountability Initiative.  

The National Programme of PM POSHAN previously known as the National Scheme for Mid-Day Meals in schools (MDM) is a scheme to provide one hot cooked meal in government and government-aided schools. It aims at improving the nutritional status of students.

This brief uses government data to analyse:

• For FY 2023-24, GoI has allocated Rs. 11,600 crore for PM POSHAN, 13 per cent higher than the Budget Estimates (BEs) but 9 per cent lower than the Revised Estimates (REs) for FY 2022-23. However, it is important to note that REs for the scheme in FY 2022-23 saw a 25 per cent increase over BEs.
• Accounting for inflation, allocations for the scheme have been declining over the years. For FY 2023-24, using inflation numbers for FY 2022-23, real term allocations are 10 per cent lower than those in FY 2017-18.

---

Click here to access the Centre for Policy Research's budget brief on Samagra Shiksha, analyzed and written by Mridusmita Bordoloi, Avani Kapur, and Sidharth Santhosh (2023) of the Accountability Initiative. 

Samagra Shiksha is Government of India’s (GoI’s) school education programme extending from the pre-primary to higher-secondary level. The scheme was launched in April 2018 to ensure equitable and inclusive quality education.

• For FY 2023-24, GoI has allocated Rs. 37,453 crore for Samagra Shiksha as per the Budget Estimates (BEs). This was 16 per cent higher than the Revised Estimates (REs) for FY 2022-23, but only 0.2 per cent higher than the BEs. It is important to note that REs for FY 2022-23 were lower than the BEs for the year by 14 per cent. 
• The pace of GoI releases, however, has been slow. Till 30 November 2022, 60 per cent of total GoI allocations (REs) for FY 2022-23, had been released to the states. This pace of releases has been slightly better than in FY 2021-22, when till October 2021 only 40 per cent had been released.
---

Click here to access the Centre for Policy Research's budget brief on Saksham Anganwadi and POSHAN 2.0, by Avani Kapur, Tanya Rana and Ritwick Shukla (2023) of the Accountability Initiative. 

In Financial Year (FY) 2021-22, the Government of India (GoI) restructured the Integrated Child Development Services (ICDS), POSHAN (Prime Minister’s Overarching Scheme for Holistic Nourishment) Abhiyaan, the Scheme for Adolescent Girls, and the National Creche Scheme into Saksham Anganwadi and POSHAN 2.0 to converge and strengthen nutrition-related
initiatives across ministries and strengthen outcomes.

---

Click here to access the Centre for Policy Research's budget brief on National Health Mission, analyzed and written by Avani Kapur, Ritwik Shukla, and Sharad Pandey (2023) of the Accountability Initiative. 

National Health Mission (NHM) is Government of India’s (GoI’s) largest public health programme. It consists of two sub-missions:

• National Rural Health Mission (NRHM), and
• National Urban Health Mission (NUHM).

This brief uses government data to analyse:

• NHM is the largest scheme of the Ministry of Health and Family Welfare (MoHFW). For FY 2023-24 Budget Estimates BEs, Rs. 35,947 crore has been allocated to NHM. This is 8 per cent more than the previous year's Revised Estimates (REs) but 3 per cent lower than the BEs.
• Per capita NHM expenditures have been increasing over time. In FY 2013-14, this figure stood at Rs. 177, and it rose to Rs. 344 in FY 2021-22. 

---

Click here to access the Centre for Policy Research's budget brief on the Pradhan Mantri Awaas Yojana – Gramin, analyzed and written by Neeha Susan Jacob, Anwesha Mallick and Avani Kapur (2023) of the Accountability Initiative. 

Pradhan Mantri Awaas Yojana – Gramin (PMAY-G) is Government of India’s (GoI) flagship ‘Housing for All’ scheme. The scheme was launched in November 2016 and aims to provide monetary assistance for the construction of a pucca house with basic amenities to all rural houseless houseless families and those living in dilapidated and kutcha houses.

• Pradhan Mantri Awaas Yojana - Gramin (PMAY-G) is the second largest scheme in the Ministry of Rural Development (MoRD) in Financial Year (FY) 2023-24
• In FY 2023-24, GoI allocated Rs. 54,487 crore Budget Estimates (BEs) for PMAY-G. This is 13 per cent more than the previous year's Revised Estimates (REs) of Rs. 48,422 crore

---

Click here to access the Centre for Policy Research's budget brief on the Mahatma Gandhi National Rural Employment Guarantee Scheme, analyzed by Avani Kapur, Ria Kasliwal, and Mridusmita Bordoloi (2023) of the Accountability Initiative. 

Mahatma Gandhi National Rural Employment Guarantee Scheme (MGNREGS) is Government of India’s (GoI’s) flagship scheme to provide at least 100 days of guaranteed wage employment in a Financial Year (FY) to every rural household that demands work.

• For Financial Year (FY) 2023-24 Budget Estimates (BEs), GoI allocated Rs. 60,000 crore to MGNREGS. This is 33 per cent lower than FY 2022-23 Revised Estimates (REs) which were Rs. 89,400 crore and 18 per cent lower than FY 2022-23 BEs, which were Rs. 73,000 crore. 
• Expenditure continued to be higher than the funds available and by the third quarter of FY 2022-23, 117 per cent of available funds had already been spent by states. Accumulated payments due, also known as pending liabilities, were Rs. 8,449 crore in FY 2022-23 till 31 December 2022.
 

Rural Expert


Related Articles

 

Write Comments

Your email address will not be published. Required fields are marked *

*

Video Archives

Archives

Im4Change.org हिंदी वेबसाइट का परिचय. Short Video on im4change.org...

Im4Change.org हिंदी वेबसाइट का परिचय. Short Video on im4change.org...

"Session 1: Scope of IDEA and AgriStack" in Exploring...

"Session 2: Farmer Centric Digitalisation in Agriculture" in Exploring...

"Session 3: Future of Digitalisation in Agriculture" in Exploring...

Objectives | About Us | Workshops | Disclaimer
share on Facebook
Twitter
RSS
Feedback
Read Later

Contact Form

Please enter security code
      Close