Deprecated (16384): The ArrayAccess methods will be removed in 4.0.0.Use getParam(), getData() and getQuery() instead. - /home/brlfuser/public_html/src/Controller/ArtileDetailController.php, line: 150
 You can disable deprecation warnings by setting `Error.errorLevel` to `E_ALL & ~E_USER_DEPRECATED` in your config/app.php. [CORE/src/Core/functions.php, line 311]
Code Context


        trigger_error($message, E_USER_DEPRECATED);

    }
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 You can disable deprecation warnings by setting `Error.errorLevel` to `E_ALL & ~E_USER_DEPRECATED` in your config/app.php.'
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deprecationWarning - CORE/src/Core/functions.php, line 311
Cake\Http\ServerRequest::offsetGet() - CORE/src/Http/ServerRequest.php, line 2421
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Cake\Http\Runner::__invoke() - CORE/src/Http/Runner.php, line 65
Cake\Error\Middleware\ErrorHandlerMiddleware::__invoke() - CORE/src/Error/Middleware/ErrorHandlerMiddleware.php, line 96
Cake\Http\Runner::__invoke() - CORE/src/Http/Runner.php, line 65
Cake\Http\Runner::run() - CORE/src/Http/Runner.php, line 51
Cake\Http\Server::run() - CORE/src/Http/Server.php, line 98

Deprecated (16384): The ArrayAccess methods will be removed in 4.0.0.Use getParam(), getData() and getQuery() instead. - /home/brlfuser/public_html/src/Controller/ArtileDetailController.php, line: 151
 You can disable deprecation warnings by setting `Error.errorLevel` to `E_ALL & ~E_USER_DEPRECATED` in your config/app.php. [CORE/src/Core/functions.php, line 311]
Code Context


        trigger_error($message, E_USER_DEPRECATED);

    }
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 You can disable deprecation warnings by setting `Error.errorLevel` to `E_ALL & ~E_USER_DEPRECATED` in your config/app.php.'
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deprecationWarning - CORE/src/Core/functions.php, line 311
Cake\Http\ServerRequest::offsetGet() - CORE/src/Http/ServerRequest.php, line 2421
App\Controller\ArtileDetailController::index() - APP/Controller/ArtileDetailController.php, line 151
Cake\Controller\Controller::invokeAction() - CORE/src/Controller/Controller.php, line 610
Cake\Http\ActionDispatcher::_invoke() - CORE/src/Http/ActionDispatcher.php, line 120
Cake\Http\ActionDispatcher::dispatch() - CORE/src/Http/ActionDispatcher.php, line 94
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Cake\Http\Runner::__invoke() - CORE/src/Http/Runner.php, line 65
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&nbsp;खास बात

&bull; 2018 में,&nbsp;189 देशों और संयुक्त राष्ट्र द्वारा मान्यता प्राप्त&nbsp;क्षेत्रों में&nbsp;भारत मानव&nbsp;विकास सूचकांक&nbsp;(एचडीआई) में&nbsp;129वें पायदान पर&nbsp;(एचडीआई वेल्यू 0.647) था, जबकि चीन 85वें (एचडीआई वेल्यू 0.758), श्रीलंका 71वें (एचडीआई वेल्यू 0.780), भूटान 134वें&nbsp; (एचडीआई वेल्यू 0.617), बांग्लादेश 135 वें (एचडीआई..."/>
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&bull; 2018 में,&nbsp;189 देशों और संयुक्त राष्ट्र द्वारा मान्यता प्राप्त&nbsp;क्षेत्रों में&nbsp;भारत मानव&nbsp;विकास सूचकांक&nbsp;(एचडीआई) में&nbsp;129वें पायदान पर&nbsp;(एचडीआई वेल्यू 0.647) था, जबकि चीन 85वें (एचडीआई वेल्यू 0.758), श्रीलंका 71वें (एचडीआई वेल्यू 0.780), भूटान 134वें&nbsp; (एचडीआई वेल्यू 0.617), बांग्लादेश 135 वें (एचडीआई..." />
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                                            <h2 style="font-weight: bold; font-size: 13px;">What's Inside</h2>
                                            <ul class="whatsinside">
                                                                                                    <li>
                                                        <a href="https://im4change.in/hindi/hunger/मानव-विकास-सूचकांक-45.html?pgno=2#संयुक्त-राष्ट्र-विकास-कार्यक्रम-यूएनडीपी-ने-जारी-की-मानव-विकास-रिपोर्ट-2023-24-पढ़ें-इसकी-खास-बातें">संयुक्त राष्ट्र विकास कार्यक्रम (यूएनडीपी) ने जारी की मानव विकास रिपोर्ट 2023-24 , पढ़ें इसकी खास बातें</a>
                                                    </li>
                                                                                                        <li>
                                                        <a href="https://im4change.in/hindi/hunger/मानव-विकास-सूचकांक-45.html?pgno=3#संयुक्त-राष्ट्र-विकास-कार्यक्रमnbspयूएनडीपीnbspनेnbspमानव-विकास-रिपोर्ट-2021-22-जारी-की-है">संयुक्त राष्ट्र विकास कार्यक्रम&nbsp;(यूएनडीपी)&nbsp;ने&nbsp;मानव विकास रिपोर्ट 2021-22 जारी की है</a>
                                                    </li>
                                                                                                        <li>
                                                        <a href="https://im4change.in/hindi/hunger/मानव-विकास-सूचकांक-45.html?pgno=4#मानव-विकास-रिपोर्ट-2020-द-नेक्सट-फर्न्टियर-ndash-ह्युमन-डेवलपमेंट-एंड-द-मानव-विकास-और-एंथ्रोप्रसीन-दिसंबर-2020-में-जारी">मानव विकास रिपोर्ट 2020: द नेक्सट फर्न्टियर &ndash; ह्युमन डेवलपमेंट एंड द मानव विकास और एंथ्रोप्रसीन (दिसंबर 2020 में जारी)</a>
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                                                                                                        <li>
                                                        <a href="https://im4change.in/hindi/hunger/मानव-विकास-सूचकांक-45.html?pgno=5#मानव-विकास-रिपोर्ट-2019">मानव विकास रिपोर्ट 2019 </a>
                                                    </li>
                                                                                                        <li>
                                                        <a href="https://im4change.in/hindi/hunger/मानव-विकास-सूचकांक-45.html?pgno=6#मानव-विकास-सूचकांक-और-संकेतक-2018">मानव विकास सूचकांक और संकेतक: 2018</a>
                                                    </li>
                                                                                                        <li>
                                                        <a href="https://im4change.in/hindi/hunger/मानव-विकास-सूचकांक-45.html?pgno=7#मानव-विकास-रिपोर्ट-2016">मानव विकास रिपोर्ट 2016</a>
                                                    </li>
                                                                                                        <li>
                                                        <a href="https://im4change.in/hindi/hunger/मानव-विकास-सूचकांक-45.html?pgno=8#ह्युमन-डेवलपमेंट-रिपोर्ट-2015-वर्क-फॉर-ह्यूमन-डेवलपमेंट">ह्युमन डेवलपमेंट रिपोर्ट 2015: वर्क फॉर ह्यूमन डेवलपमेंट</a>
                                                    </li>
                                                                                                        <li>
                                                        <a href="https://im4change.in/hindi/hunger/मानव-विकास-सूचकांक-45.html?pgno=9#मानव-विकास-रिपोर्ट-2014">मानव विकास रिपोर्ट 2014</a>
                                                    </li>
                                                                                                        <li>
                                                        <a href="https://im4change.in/hindi/hunger/मानव-विकास-सूचकांक-45.html?pgno=10#मानव-विकास-रिपोर्ट-2013-द-राइज़-ऑफ़-द-साउथ-ह्यूमन-प्रोग्रेस-इन-अ-डाइवर्स-वर्ल्ड">मानव विकास रिपोर्ट-2013: &quot;द राइज़ ऑफ़ द साउथ: ह्यूमन प्रोग्रेस इन अ डाइवर्स वर्ल्ड&quot;</a>
                                                    </li>
                                                                                                        <li>
                                                        <a href="https://im4change.in/hindi/hunger/मानव-विकास-सूचकांक-45.html?pgno=11#योजना-आयोग-द्वारा-जारी-गरीबी-संबंधी-आकलन2009-10">योजना आयोग द्वारा जारी गरीबी संबंधी आकलन(2009-10) </a>
                                                    </li>
                                                                                                </ul>
                                                                                            <div><a href="javascript:void(0)" id="morewhatsinsidelink" onClick="javascript:$('#morewhatsinside').show();$('#morewhatsinsidelink').hide();$('#lesswhatsinsidelink').show();">More</a></div>
                                                                                            <ul class="whatsinside" id="morewhatsinside" style="display:none">
                                                                                                    <li>
                                                        <a href="https://im4change.in/hindi/hunger/मानव-विकास-सूचकांक-45.html?pgno=12#ह्यूमन-डेवलपमेंट-रिपोर्ट-2011-सस्टेनेबेलिटी-एंड-इक्यूटीअ-बेटर-फ्यूचर-फॉर-ऑल">ह्यूमन डेवलपमेंट रिपोर्ट 2011- सस्टेनेबेलिटी एंड इक्यूटी:अ बेटर फ्यूचर फॉर ऑल</a>
                                                    </li>
                                                                                                        <li>
                                                        <a href="https://im4change.in/hindi/hunger/मानव-विकास-सूचकांक-45.html?pgno=13#मानव-विकास-रिपोर्ट-ndash-2010">मानव विकास रिपोर्ट &ndash; 2010</a>
                                                    </li>
                                                                                                        <li>
                                                        <a href="https://im4change.in/hindi/hunger/मानव-विकास-सूचकांक-45.html?pgno=13#मानव-विकास-रिपोर्ट-2007-08">मानव विकास रिपोर्ट 2007-08</a>
                                                    </li>
                                                                                                        <li>
                                                        <a href="https://im4change.in/hindi/hunger/मानव-विकास-सूचकांक-45.html?pgno=13#राष्ट्रीय-मानव-विकास-रिपोर्ट-2001">राष्ट्रीय मानव विकास रिपोर्ट (2001)</a>
                                                    </li>
                                                                                                        <li>
                                                        <a href="https://im4change.in/hindi/hunger/मानव-विकास-सूचकांक-45.html?pgno=14#योजना-आयोग-द्वारा-प्रस्तुत-ग्यारहवीं-पंचवर्षीय-योजना-के-दस्तावेज-के-अनुसार">योजना आयोग द्वारा प्रस्तुत ग्यारहवीं पंचवर्षीय योजना के दस्तावेज के अनुसार</a>
                                                    </li>
                                                                                                </ul>
                                            <div><a style="display:none" href="javascript:void(0)" id="lesswhatsinsidelink" onClick="javascript:$('#morewhatsinside').hide();$('#morewhatsinsidelink').show();$('#lesswhatsinsidelink').hide();">Less</a></div>
                                                                                    </div>
                                    </div>
                                </div>
                            </div>
                                                    <div>
                            </p>

<p>[inside]संयुक्त राष्ट्र विकास कार्यक्रम&nbsp;<span><span><span>(यूएनडीपी)</span></span></span>&nbsp;ने&nbsp;मानव विकास रिपोर्ट 2021-22 जारी की है[/inside]<br />
रिपोर्ट के लिए&nbsp;<span><span><span>कृपया</span></span></span>&nbsp;<a href="/upload/files/HDR%202021-22%20Full%20Report%281%29.pdf" title="/upload/files/HDR%202021-22%20Full%20Report%281%29.pdf">यहाँ</a>, <a href="/upload/files/Press%20Release%20HDR%2021-22%20on%20India%281%29.pdf" title="/upload/files/Press%20Release%20HDR%2021-22%20on%20India%281%29.pdf">यहाँ</a>,<a href="/upload/files/India%20Specific%20country%20data%20_%20Human%20Development%20Report%202021-22%281%29.pdf" title="/upload/files/India%20Specific%20country%20data%20_%20Human%20Development%20Report%202021-22%281%29.pdf"> यहाँ</a>, <a href="/upload/files/Technical%20notes%20hdr2021-22_technical_notes%281%29.pdf" title="/upload/files/Technical%20notes%20hdr2021-22_technical_notes%281%29.pdf">यहाँ </a>और <a href="/upload/files/HDR21-22_Press%20Release%20English%282%29.pdf" title="/upload/files/HDR21-22_Press%20Release%20English%282%29.pdf">यहाँ </a>क्लिक कीजिए.</p>

<p><br />
इस रिपोर्ट का थीम है-<strong> &quot;अनिश्चित समय, अनसुलझा जीवन: बदलती दुनिया में हमारे भविष्य को आकार देना&quot;&nbsp;</strong></p>

<p><br />
मानव विकास<a href="/upload/files/HDR%202021-22%20Full%20Report%282%29.pdf" title="/upload/files/HDR%202021-22%20Full%20Report%282%29.pdf"> रिपोर्ट</a> (HDR) के एक भाग के रूप में मानव विकास सूचकांक (HDI) रहता है. वर्ष 2021 के मानव विकास सूचकांक में विश्व के 191 देशों में भारत ने <a href="https://docs.google.com/spreadsheets/d/1O_Kzjk0qf7gJXoAJvgf9xsaln6BMLZbf/edit?usp=sharing&amp;ouid=112233925171588304692&amp;rtpof=true&amp;sd=true" title="https://docs.google.com/spreadsheets/d/1O_Kzjk0qf7gJXoAJvgf9xsaln6BMLZbf/edit?usp=sharing&amp;ouid=112233925171588304692&amp;rtpof=true&amp;sd=true">132</a> वीं रैंक हासिल की है.</p>

<p>कोविड पूर्व वर्ष 2019 में भारत का मानव विकास सूचकांक मूल्य <a href="https://docs.google.com/spreadsheets/d/1h3G42IZ_vibg02L3aQGx-2UL5dS8zHe_/edit#gid=363141873" title="https://docs.google.com/spreadsheets/d/1h3G42IZ_vibg02L3aQGx-2UL5dS8zHe_/edit#gid=363141873">0.645</a> था जो घटकर 2020 में <a href="https://docs.google.com/spreadsheets/d/1h3G42IZ_vibg02L3aQGx-2UL5dS8zHe_/edit#gid=363141873" title="https://docs.google.com/spreadsheets/d/1h3G42IZ_vibg02L3aQGx-2UL5dS8zHe_/edit#gid=363141873">0.642</a> और 2021 में फिर घटकर <a href="https://docs.google.com/spreadsheets/d/1h3G42IZ_vibg02L3aQGx-2UL5dS8zHe_/edit#gid=363141873" title="https://docs.google.com/spreadsheets/d/1h3G42IZ_vibg02L3aQGx-2UL5dS8zHe_/edit#gid=363141873">0.633 </a>हो गया है.</p>

<p><br />
वर्ष 2021 के लिए वैश्विक मानव विकास सूचकांक मूल्य 0.732 है. वैश्विक मानव विकास सूचकांक मूल्य से भारत का मूल्य 0.099 कम है.</p>

<p><br />
<a href="/upload/files/HDR%202021-22%20Full%20Report%282%29.pdf" title="/upload/files/HDR%202021-22%20Full%20Report%282%29.pdf">रिपोर्ट</a> के अनुसार 90% देशों में वर्ष 2020 या 2021 में मानव विकास सूचकांक मूल्य कम हुआ है. जोकि सतत विकास लक्ष्यों के प्राप्ति में प्रमुख चुनौती हो&nbsp;सकता&nbsp;है.</p>

<p><span><strong><span style="color:#e74c3c">क्या है </span><a href="/upload/files/HDR%202021-22%20Full%20Report%282%29.pdf" title="/upload/files/HDR%202021-22%20Full%20Report%282%29.pdf">रिपोर्ट</a></strong>-</span></p>

<p>वर्ष 1990 से <a href="https://hdr.undp.org/data-center/human-development-index#/indicies/HDI" title="https://hdr.undp.org/data-center/human-development-index#/indicies/HDI">मानव विकास रिपोर्ट</a> जारी की जाती है. जिसका प्राथमिक उद्देश्य मानव विकास को मध्यनजर रखते हुए विश्वभर के देशों का आंकलन करना है.</p>

<blockquote>
<p><br />
मानव विकास सूचकांक चार संकेतकों से मिलकर बनता है-</p>

<p>जन्म के समय जीवन प्रत्याशा --सतत् विकास लक्ष्य 3),<br />
स्कूली शिक्षा के अपेक्षित वर्ष --सतत् विकास लक्ष्य 4.3),<br />
स्कूली शिक्षा के औसत वर्ष --सतत् विकास लक्ष्य 4.4),<br />
सकल राष्ट्रीय आय-GNI--सतत् विकास लक्ष्य 8.5)।</p>
</blockquote>

<p><a href="/upload/files/HDR%202021-22%20Full%20Report%282%29.pdf" title="/upload/files/HDR%202021-22%20Full%20Report%282%29.pdf">रिपोर्ट</a> के प्रमुख बिंदु-</p>

<ul>
	<li>सन् 1990 से 2021 तक भारत के मानव विकास सूचकांक मूल्य में <a href="https://docs.google.com/spreadsheets/d/1h3G42IZ_vibg02L3aQGx-2UL5dS8zHe_/edit?usp=sharing&amp;ouid=112233925171588304692&amp;rtpof=true&amp;sd=true" title="https://docs.google.com/spreadsheets/d/1h3G42IZ_vibg02L3aQGx-2UL5dS8zHe_/edit?usp=sharing&amp;ouid=112233925171588304692&amp;rtpof=true&amp;sd=true">45.85%</a> की वृद्धि हुई है. (<a href="https://docs.google.com/spreadsheets/d/1h3G42IZ_vibg02L3aQGx-2UL5dS8zHe_/edit?usp=sharing&amp;ouid=112233925171588304692&amp;rtpof=true&amp;sd=true" title="https://docs.google.com/spreadsheets/d/1h3G42IZ_vibg02L3aQGx-2UL5dS8zHe_/edit?usp=sharing&amp;ouid=112233925171588304692&amp;rtpof=true&amp;sd=true">0.434 से 0.63</a>3)</li>
	<li>2021 की इस रिपोर्ट में भारत के लोगों की जन्म के समय जीवन प्रत्याशा दर <a href="https://hdr.undp.org/data-center/specific-country-data#/countries/IND" title="https://hdr.undp.org/data-center/specific-country-data#/countries/IND">67.2 </a>वर्ष है. इसी रिपोर्ट के अनुसार अनुमानित स्कूली शिक्षा के वर्ष <a href="https://hdr.undp.org/data-center/specific-country-data#/countries/IND" title="https://hdr.undp.org/data-center/specific-country-data#/countries/IND">11.9 </a>वर्ष. स्कूली शिक्षा के औसत वर्ष <a href="https://hdr.undp.org/data-center/specific-country-data#/countries/IND" title="https://hdr.undp.org/data-center/specific-country-data#/countries/IND">6.7</a> वर्ष.</li>
	<li>वहीं प्रति व्यक्ति सकल राष्ट्रीय आय 6,590 अमेरिकी डॉलर थी।</li>
	<li>भारत ने वर्ष 2021 के लिए 132 वीं रैंक हासिल की है वहीं 2020 में 130 वीं रैंक हासिल की थी.<a href="https://www.im4change.org/news-alerts-57/global-human-development-report-2021-22-hdr-methdology-hdi-human-development-index-undp-rank-score-value.html" title="https://www.im4change.org/news-alerts-57/global-human-development-report-2021-22-hdr-methdology-hdi-human-development-index-undp-rank-score-value.html"> स्मरणीय</a> है एक रिपोर्ट की <a href="https://im4change.org/upload/files/HDR%202021-22%20Comparison%20over%20time%20and%20across%20editions.jpg" title="https://im4change.org/upload/files/HDR%202021-22%20Comparison%20over%20time%20and%20across%20editions.jpg">तुलना</a> दूसरी रिपोर्ट के साथ नहीं की जा सकती है क्योंकि राष्ट्रीय और अंतरराष्ट्रीय संस्थाएं समय-समय पर आंकड़े संशोधित करती रहती हैं.</li>
	<li>लेकिन इसी रिपोर्ट में दी गई <a href="https://docs.google.com/spreadsheets/d/1h3G42IZ_vibg02L3aQGx-2UL5dS8zHe_/edit#gid=363141873" title="https://docs.google.com/spreadsheets/d/1h3G42IZ_vibg02L3aQGx-2UL5dS8zHe_/edit#gid=363141873">टेबल 2</a>, ऐसे आंकड़ों को लेकर बनाई गई है जिनकी तुलना की जा सकती है.&nbsp;</li>
	<li><a href="https://docs.google.com/spreadsheets/d/1h3G42IZ_vibg02L3aQGx-2UL5dS8zHe_/edit#gid=363141873" title="https://docs.google.com/spreadsheets/d/1h3G42IZ_vibg02L3aQGx-2UL5dS8zHe_/edit#gid=363141873">टेबल 2</a> के अनुसार 1990 से लेकर 2021 तक औसत वार्षिक मानव विकास सूचकांक में भारत के लिए वृद्धि <a href="https://docs.google.com/spreadsheets/d/1h3G42IZ_vibg02L3aQGx-2UL5dS8zHe_/edit?usp=sharing&amp;ouid=112233925171588304692&amp;rtpof=true&amp;sd=true" title="https://docs.google.com/spreadsheets/d/1h3G42IZ_vibg02L3aQGx-2UL5dS8zHe_/edit?usp=sharing&amp;ouid=112233925171588304692&amp;rtpof=true&amp;sd=true">1.22%</a> रही वहीं चीन के लिए यह वृद्धि <a href="https://docs.google.com/spreadsheets/d/1h3G42IZ_vibg02L3aQGx-2UL5dS8zHe_/edit?usp=sharing&amp;ouid=112233925171588304692&amp;rtpof=true&amp;sd=true" title="https://docs.google.com/spreadsheets/d/1h3G42IZ_vibg02L3aQGx-2UL5dS8zHe_/edit?usp=sharing&amp;ouid=112233925171588304692&amp;rtpof=true&amp;sd=true">1.50%</a> रही.</li>
	<li>भारत को इस रिपोर्ट में <a href="https://docs.google.com/spreadsheets/d/1O_Kzjk0qf7gJXoAJvgf9xsaln6BMLZbf/edit?usp=sharing&amp;ouid=112233925171588304692&amp;rtpof=true&amp;sd=true" title="https://docs.google.com/spreadsheets/d/1O_Kzjk0qf7gJXoAJvgf9xsaln6BMLZbf/edit?usp=sharing&amp;ouid=112233925171588304692&amp;rtpof=true&amp;sd=true">मध्यम मानव विकास समूह</a> वाले देशों में रखा गया है. परन्तु भारत का मूल्य (<a href="https://docs.google.com/spreadsheets/d/1O_Kzjk0qf7gJXoAJvgf9xsaln6BMLZbf/edit?usp=sharing&amp;ouid=112233925171588304692&amp;rtpof=true&amp;sd=true" title="https://docs.google.com/spreadsheets/d/1O_Kzjk0qf7gJXoAJvgf9xsaln6BMLZbf/edit?usp=sharing&amp;ouid=112233925171588304692&amp;rtpof=true&amp;sd=true">0.633</a>) <em>मध्यम मानव विकास समूह वाले देशों</em> के औसत मूल्य (<a href="https://docs.google.com/spreadsheets/d/1O_Kzjk0qf7gJXoAJvgf9xsaln6BMLZbf/edit?usp=sharing&amp;ouid=112233925171588304692&amp;rtpof=true&amp;sd=true" title="https://docs.google.com/spreadsheets/d/1O_Kzjk0qf7gJXoAJvgf9xsaln6BMLZbf/edit?usp=sharing&amp;ouid=112233925171588304692&amp;rtpof=true&amp;sd=true">0.636</a>) से कम है.</li>
</ul>

<p><strong>रिपोर्ट में मानव विकास सूचकांक के मूल्य को मौजूद असमानता के साथ समायोजित किया जाता है. समायोजन के बाद भारत का एचडीआई स्कोर 25% की गिरावट के साथ 0.475 पर पहुँच गया है.&nbsp;</strong></p>

<p>लैंगिक असमानता सूचकांक- &nbsp;महिला और पुरुष के मानव विकास सूचकांक मूल्यों में अंतर को लैंगिक असमानता अनुपात के रूप में देखते हैं.</p>

<p>वर्ष 2021 में भारत को लैंगिक असमानता सूचकांक में 170 देशों में से <a href="https://docs.google.com/spreadsheets/d/1p32NEI6B4FdTM_uq0S84Wk3EID7Xgbhm/edit?usp=sharing&amp;ouid=112233925171588304692&amp;rtpof=true&amp;sd=true" title="https://docs.google.com/spreadsheets/d/1p32NEI6B4FdTM_uq0S84Wk3EID7Xgbhm/edit?usp=sharing&amp;ouid=112233925171588304692&amp;rtpof=true&amp;sd=true">122 वीं</a> रैंक प्राप्त हुई है. भारत का लैंगिक असमानता सूचकांक मूल्य<a href="https://docs.google.com/spreadsheets/d/1p32NEI6B4FdTM_uq0S84Wk3EID7Xgbhm/edit?usp=sharing&amp;ouid=112233925171588304692&amp;rtpof=true&amp;sd=true" title="https://docs.google.com/spreadsheets/d/1p32NEI6B4FdTM_uq0S84Wk3EID7Xgbhm/edit?usp=sharing&amp;ouid=112233925171588304692&amp;rtpof=true&amp;sd=true"> 0.490</a> था. वहीं चीन का <a href="https://docs.google.com/spreadsheets/d/1p32NEI6B4FdTM_uq0S84Wk3EID7Xgbhm/edit?usp=sharing&amp;ouid=112233925171588304692&amp;rtpof=true&amp;sd=true" title="https://docs.google.com/spreadsheets/d/1p32NEI6B4FdTM_uq0S84Wk3EID7Xgbhm/edit?usp=sharing&amp;ouid=112233925171588304692&amp;rtpof=true&amp;sd=true">0.192,</a> बांग्लादेश का <a href="https://docs.google.com/spreadsheets/d/1p32NEI6B4FdTM_uq0S84Wk3EID7Xgbhm/edit?usp=sharing&amp;ouid=112233925171588304692&amp;rtpof=true&amp;sd=true" title="https://docs.google.com/spreadsheets/d/1p32NEI6B4FdTM_uq0S84Wk3EID7Xgbhm/edit?usp=sharing&amp;ouid=112233925171588304692&amp;rtpof=true&amp;sd=true">0.530</a>, पाकिस्तान का <a href="https://docs.google.com/spreadsheets/d/1p32NEI6B4FdTM_uq0S84Wk3EID7Xgbhm/edit?usp=sharing&amp;ouid=112233925171588304692&amp;rtpof=true&amp;sd=true" title="https://docs.google.com/spreadsheets/d/1p32NEI6B4FdTM_uq0S84Wk3EID7Xgbhm/edit?usp=sharing&amp;ouid=112233925171588304692&amp;rtpof=true&amp;sd=true">0.534.</a> (170 देशों में इनकी रैंक क्रमश:&nbsp;<a href="https://docs.google.com/spreadsheets/d/1p32NEI6B4FdTM_uq0S84Wk3EID7Xgbhm/edit?usp=sharing&amp;ouid=112233925171588304692&amp;rtpof=true&amp;sd=true" title="https://docs.google.com/spreadsheets/d/1p32NEI6B4FdTM_uq0S84Wk3EID7Xgbhm/edit?usp=sharing&amp;ouid=112233925171588304692&amp;rtpof=true&amp;sd=true">48वीं</a>, <a href="https://docs.google.com/spreadsheets/d/1p32NEI6B4FdTM_uq0S84Wk3EID7Xgbhm/edit?usp=sharing&amp;ouid=112233925171588304692&amp;rtpof=true&amp;sd=true" title="https://docs.google.com/spreadsheets/d/1p32NEI6B4FdTM_uq0S84Wk3EID7Xgbhm/edit?usp=sharing&amp;ouid=112233925171588304692&amp;rtpof=true&amp;sd=true">131वीं</a>, <a href="https://docs.google.com/spreadsheets/d/1p32NEI6B4FdTM_uq0S84Wk3EID7Xgbhm/edit?usp=sharing&amp;ouid=112233925171588304692&amp;rtpof=true&amp;sd=true" title="https://docs.google.com/spreadsheets/d/1p32NEI6B4FdTM_uq0S84Wk3EID7Xgbhm/edit?usp=sharing&amp;ouid=112233925171588304692&amp;rtpof=true&amp;sd=true">135वीं</a> )</p>

<p><br />
भारतीय संसद की कुल सीटों में से <a href="https://docs.google.com/spreadsheets/d/1p32NEI6B4FdTM_uq0S84Wk3EID7Xgbhm/edit?usp=sharing&amp;ouid=112233925171588304692&amp;rtpof=true&amp;sd=true" title="https://docs.google.com/spreadsheets/d/1p32NEI6B4FdTM_uq0S84Wk3EID7Xgbhm/edit?usp=sharing&amp;ouid=112233925171588304692&amp;rtpof=true&amp;sd=true">13.4</a> प्रतिशत सीटों पर महिला सदस्य बैठती हैं वहीं चीन में यह आंकड़ा <a href="https://docs.google.com/spreadsheets/d/1p32NEI6B4FdTM_uq0S84Wk3EID7Xgbhm/edit?usp=sharing&amp;ouid=112233925171588304692&amp;rtpof=true&amp;sd=true" title="https://docs.google.com/spreadsheets/d/1p32NEI6B4FdTM_uq0S84Wk3EID7Xgbhm/edit?usp=sharing&amp;ouid=112233925171588304692&amp;rtpof=true&amp;sd=true">24.9%</a> हो जाता है (2021 के आंकड़ों के अनुसार)</p>

<p><br />
2017 से 2020 के दौरान भारत में सैन्य गतिविधियों पर किया गया खर्च सकल&nbsp;घरेलू उत्पाद का <a href="https://docs.google.com/spreadsheets/d/1YPg04t4HaUbeuR6qusmH2_lVbtkjA4ld/edit?usp=sharing&amp;ouid=112233925171588304692&amp;rtpof=true&amp;sd=true" title="https://docs.google.com/spreadsheets/d/1YPg04t4HaUbeuR6qusmH2_lVbtkjA4ld/edit?usp=sharing&amp;ouid=112233925171588304692&amp;rtpof=true&amp;sd=true">2.9%</a> था. इसी समय काल में चीन का <a href="https://docs.google.com/spreadsheets/d/1YPg04t4HaUbeuR6qusmH2_lVbtkjA4ld/edit?usp=sharing&amp;ouid=112233925171588304692&amp;rtpof=true&amp;sd=true" title="https://docs.google.com/spreadsheets/d/1YPg04t4HaUbeuR6qusmH2_lVbtkjA4ld/edit?usp=sharing&amp;ouid=112233925171588304692&amp;rtpof=true&amp;sd=true">1.7%</a>, पाकिस्तान का <a href="https://docs.google.com/spreadsheets/d/1YPg04t4HaUbeuR6qusmH2_lVbtkjA4ld/edit?usp=sharing&amp;ouid=112233925171588304692&amp;rtpof=true&amp;sd=true" title="https://docs.google.com/spreadsheets/d/1YPg04t4HaUbeuR6qusmH2_lVbtkjA4ld/edit?usp=sharing&amp;ouid=112233925171588304692&amp;rtpof=true&amp;sd=true">4.0</a>%, बांग्लादेश का <a href="https://docs.google.com/spreadsheets/d/1YPg04t4HaUbeuR6qusmH2_lVbtkjA4ld/edit?usp=sharing&amp;ouid=112233925171588304692&amp;rtpof=true&amp;sd=true" title="https://docs.google.com/spreadsheets/d/1YPg04t4HaUbeuR6qusmH2_lVbtkjA4ld/edit?usp=sharing&amp;ouid=112233925171588304692&amp;rtpof=true&amp;sd=true">1.3%</a>, श्रीलंका का <a href="https://docs.google.com/spreadsheets/d/1YPg04t4HaUbeuR6qusmH2_lVbtkjA4ld/edit?usp=sharing&amp;ouid=112233925171588304692&amp;rtpof=true&amp;sd=true" title="https://docs.google.com/spreadsheets/d/1YPg04t4HaUbeuR6qusmH2_lVbtkjA4ld/edit?usp=sharing&amp;ouid=112233925171588304692&amp;rtpof=true&amp;sd=true">1.9</a>%, ब्रिटेन का <a href="https://docs.google.com/spreadsheets/d/1YPg04t4HaUbeuR6qusmH2_lVbtkjA4ld/edit?usp=sharing&amp;ouid=112233925171588304692&amp;rtpof=true&amp;sd=true" title="https://docs.google.com/spreadsheets/d/1YPg04t4HaUbeuR6qusmH2_lVbtkjA4ld/edit?usp=sharing&amp;ouid=112233925171588304692&amp;rtpof=true&amp;sd=true">2.2%</a>, संयुक्त राज्य अमेरिका का<a href="https://docs.google.com/spreadsheets/d/1YPg04t4HaUbeuR6qusmH2_lVbtkjA4ld/edit?usp=sharing&amp;ouid=112233925171588304692&amp;rtpof=true&amp;sd=true" title="https://docs.google.com/spreadsheets/d/1YPg04t4HaUbeuR6qusmH2_lVbtkjA4ld/edit?usp=sharing&amp;ouid=112233925171588304692&amp;rtpof=true&amp;sd=true"> 3.7% </a>जीडीपी का भाग सैन्य गतिविधियों पर खर्च किया जाता है.</p>

<p><br />
2021 में भारत की<a href="https://docs.google.com/spreadsheets/d/1p32NEI6B4FdTM_uq0S84Wk3EID7Xgbhm/edit?usp=sharing&amp;ouid=112233925171588304692&amp;rtpof=true&amp;sd=true" title="https://docs.google.com/spreadsheets/d/1p32NEI6B4FdTM_uq0S84Wk3EID7Xgbhm/edit?usp=sharing&amp;ouid=112233925171588304692&amp;rtpof=true&amp;sd=true"> 41.8%</a> वयस्क महिलाओं (25 वर्ष या उससे ऊपर) ने कम से कम माध्यमिक स्तर तक की शिक्षा प्राप्त की थी अगर इसकी तुलना&nbsp;पुरुषों&nbsp;&nbsp;से करें तो पुरुषों में यह आंकड़ा<a href="https://docs.google.com/spreadsheets/d/1p32NEI6B4FdTM_uq0S84Wk3EID7Xgbhm/edit?usp=sharing&amp;ouid=112233925171588304692&amp;rtpof=true&amp;sd=true" title="https://docs.google.com/spreadsheets/d/1p32NEI6B4FdTM_uq0S84Wk3EID7Xgbhm/edit?usp=sharing&amp;ouid=112233925171588304692&amp;rtpof=true&amp;sd=true"> 53.8</a>% पर पहुंच जाता है.</p>

<p><br />
2021 में महिलाओं (15 वर्ष और उससे ऊपर) में श्रम बल भागीदारी दर <a href="https://docs.google.com/spreadsheets/d/1p32NEI6B4FdTM_uq0S84Wk3EID7Xgbhm/edit?usp=sharing&amp;ouid=112233925171588304692&amp;rtpof=true&amp;sd=true" title="https://docs.google.com/spreadsheets/d/1p32NEI6B4FdTM_uq0S84Wk3EID7Xgbhm/edit?usp=sharing&amp;ouid=112233925171588304692&amp;rtpof=true&amp;sd=true">19.3</a> प्रतिशत थी वहीं पुरुषों में श्रम बल भागीदारी दर 70.1% थी.&nbsp;अगर चीन में देखें तो महिलाओं की श्रम बल में भागीदारी दर <a href="https://docs.google.com/spreadsheets/d/1p32NEI6B4FdTM_uq0S84Wk3EID7Xgbhm/edit?usp=sharing&amp;ouid=112233925171588304692&amp;rtpof=true&amp;sd=true" title="https://docs.google.com/spreadsheets/d/1p32NEI6B4FdTM_uq0S84Wk3EID7Xgbhm/edit?usp=sharing&amp;ouid=112233925171588304692&amp;rtpof=true&amp;sd=true">61.6%</a> थी और पुरुषों की <a href="https://docs.google.com/spreadsheets/d/1p32NEI6B4FdTM_uq0S84Wk3EID7Xgbhm/edit?usp=sharing&amp;ouid=112233925171588304692&amp;rtpof=true&amp;sd=true" title="https://docs.google.com/spreadsheets/d/1p32NEI6B4FdTM_uq0S84Wk3EID7Xgbhm/edit?usp=sharing&amp;ouid=112233925171588304692&amp;rtpof=true&amp;sd=true">74.3%.</a></p>

<blockquote>
<p><br />
श्रम बल भागीदारी दर से तात्पर्य 15 वर्ष या उससे ऊपर के ऐसे लोग जो या तो कहीं कार्यरत हैं या फिर रोजगार की तलाश में हैं, का कुल काम करने की उम्र वाले लोगों के साथ अनुपात.&nbsp;यानी श्रम बल भागीदारी दर अर्थव्यवस्था में नौकरियों की मांग को दर्शाता है.</p>
</blockquote>

<p><br />
वर्ष 2017 में प्रति दस लाख जीवित बच्चों के जन्म पर <a href="https://docs.google.com/spreadsheets/d/1p32NEI6B4FdTM_uq0S84Wk3EID7Xgbhm/edit?usp=sharing&amp;ouid=112233925171588304692&amp;rtpof=true&amp;sd=true" title="https://docs.google.com/spreadsheets/d/1p32NEI6B4FdTM_uq0S84Wk3EID7Xgbhm/edit?usp=sharing&amp;ouid=112233925171588304692&amp;rtpof=true&amp;sd=true">135.0 </a>महिलाओं की मृत्यु हुई थी.</p>

<p>वर्ष 2021 में 15 से 18 वर्ष की प्रति 1000 किशोरियों ने <a href="https://docs.google.com/spreadsheets/d/1p32NEI6B4FdTM_uq0S84Wk3EID7Xgbhm/edit?usp=sharing&amp;ouid=112233925171588304692&amp;rtpof=true&amp;sd=true" title="https://docs.google.com/spreadsheets/d/1p32NEI6B4FdTM_uq0S84Wk3EID7Xgbhm/edit?usp=sharing&amp;ouid=112233925171588304692&amp;rtpof=true&amp;sd=true">17.2</a> बच्चों को जन्म दिया था.मानव के विकास में पर्यावरण भी एक प्रमुख कारक है इसलिए मानव विकास रिपोर्ट में&nbsp;&nbsp;&quot;प्लेनेटरी प्रेशर एडजस्ट एचडीआई&quot; (P-HDI) की घोषणा की जाती है. वर्ष 2021 में भारत के लिए इसका (P-HDI) मान <a href="https://hdr.undp.org/data-center/specific-country-data#/countries/IND" title="https://hdr.undp.org/data-center/specific-country-data#/countries/IND">0.609</a> था.</p>

<p><br />
<span style="color:#e74c3c"><strong><span>गरीबी और असमानता</span></strong></span></p>

<p>भारत में पिछले दशक में बहुआयामी गरीबी को कम करने में बेहतरीन काम किया है. भारत का हेड काउंट अनुपात (Head Count Ratio- HCR) 2015&ndash;16 में <a href="https://docs.google.com/spreadsheets/d/1a4-k-z1_cQmvpFfbwgDd-9fD-rUGpLl4/edit?usp=sharing&amp;ouid=112233925171588304692&amp;rtpof=true&amp;sd=true" title="https://docs.google.com/spreadsheets/d/1a4-k-z1_cQmvpFfbwgDd-9fD-rUGpLl4/edit?usp=sharing&amp;ouid=112233925171588304692&amp;rtpof=true&amp;sd=true">27.9%</a> की कमी हुई थी.</p>

<p><br />
<em>समाज में गरीबी या गरीबी रेखा से नीचे रहने वाले लोगों को दर्शाने के लिए <strong>हेड काउंट अनुपात</strong> का प्रयोग किया जाता है.</em>&nbsp;</p>

<p>भारत में बहुआयामी गरीबी का हेड काउंट अनुपात आय के हेड काउंट अनुपात से 6% पॉइंट अधिक है. तात्पर्य है गरीबी रेखा से ऊपर जीवन जीने वाला व्यक्ति भी स्वास्थ्य, शिक्षा या किसी अन्य मापदंड में विचलन प्राप्त करता होगा.<br />
2005&ndash;06 से 2015&ndash;16 के बीच बहुआयामी गरीबों की संख्या में <a href="https://docs.google.com/spreadsheets/d/1a4-k-z1_cQmvpFfbwgDd-9fD-rUGpLl4/edit?usp=sharing&amp;ouid=112233925171588304692&amp;rtpof=true&amp;sd=true" title="https://docs.google.com/spreadsheets/d/1a4-k-z1_cQmvpFfbwgDd-9fD-rUGpLl4/edit?usp=sharing&amp;ouid=112233925171588304692&amp;rtpof=true&amp;sd=true">273</a> मिलियन की कमी आई थी.</p>

<p>2015-16 में बहुआयामी गरीबी इंडेक्स का मान अनुसूचित जनजाति के लिए<a href="https://docs.google.com/spreadsheets/d/1nfEWe4SSeIRAGrHQs3HMCy1DGOZ8RU6b/edit?usp=sharing&amp;ouid=112233925171588304692&amp;rtpof=true&amp;sd=true" title="https://docs.google.com/spreadsheets/d/1nfEWe4SSeIRAGrHQs3HMCy1DGOZ8RU6b/edit?usp=sharing&amp;ouid=112233925171588304692&amp;rtpof=true&amp;sd=true"> 0.232,</a> अनुसूचित जाति के लिए <a href="https://docs.google.com/spreadsheets/d/1nfEWe4SSeIRAGrHQs3HMCy1DGOZ8RU6b/edit?usp=sharing&amp;ouid=112233925171588304692&amp;rtpof=true&amp;sd=true" title="https://docs.google.com/spreadsheets/d/1nfEWe4SSeIRAGrHQs3HMCy1DGOZ8RU6b/edit?usp=sharing&amp;ouid=112233925171588304692&amp;rtpof=true&amp;sd=true">0.147, </a>अन्य पिछड़ा वर्ग के लिए <a href="https://docs.google.com/spreadsheets/d/1nfEWe4SSeIRAGrHQs3HMCy1DGOZ8RU6b/edit?usp=sharing&amp;ouid=112233925171588304692&amp;rtpof=true&amp;sd=true" title="https://docs.google.com/spreadsheets/d/1nfEWe4SSeIRAGrHQs3HMCy1DGOZ8RU6b/edit?usp=sharing&amp;ouid=112233925171588304692&amp;rtpof=true&amp;sd=true">0.118</a>, इन तीनों श्रेणियों से इतर वाले समूह के लिए <a href="https://docs.google.com/spreadsheets/d/1nfEWe4SSeIRAGrHQs3HMCy1DGOZ8RU6b/edit?usp=sharing&amp;ouid=112233925171588304692&amp;rtpof=true&amp;sd=true" title="https://docs.google.com/spreadsheets/d/1nfEWe4SSeIRAGrHQs3HMCy1DGOZ8RU6b/edit?usp=sharing&amp;ouid=112233925171588304692&amp;rtpof=true&amp;sd=true">0.066,</a> ना ही कोई जाति और ना ही किसी जनजाति के लिए <a href="https://docs.google.com/spreadsheets/d/1nfEWe4SSeIRAGrHQs3HMCy1DGOZ8RU6b/edit?usp=sharing&amp;ouid=112233925171588304692&amp;rtpof=true&amp;sd=true" title="https://docs.google.com/spreadsheets/d/1nfEWe4SSeIRAGrHQs3HMCy1DGOZ8RU6b/edit?usp=sharing&amp;ouid=112233925171588304692&amp;rtpof=true&amp;sd=true">0.093</a> था.<br />
2010 से 2021 के बीच में गिनी गुणांक का मान भारत के लिए <a href="https://docs.google.com/spreadsheets/d/1P6AJpEKdwQipQGywkezk6JEXQq7qtmM0/edit?usp=sharing&amp;ouid=112233925171588304692&amp;rtpof=true&amp;sd=true" title="https://docs.google.com/spreadsheets/d/1P6AJpEKdwQipQGywkezk6JEXQq7qtmM0/edit?usp=sharing&amp;ouid=112233925171588304692&amp;rtpof=true&amp;sd=true">35.7</a>, चीन के लिए <a href="https://docs.google.com/spreadsheets/d/1P6AJpEKdwQipQGywkezk6JEXQq7qtmM0/edit?usp=sharing&amp;ouid=112233925171588304692&amp;rtpof=true&amp;sd=true" title="https://docs.google.com/spreadsheets/d/1P6AJpEKdwQipQGywkezk6JEXQq7qtmM0/edit?usp=sharing&amp;ouid=112233925171588304692&amp;rtpof=true&amp;sd=true">38.2</a>, बांग्लादेश के लिए <a href="https://docs.google.com/spreadsheets/d/1P6AJpEKdwQipQGywkezk6JEXQq7qtmM0/edit?usp=sharing&amp;ouid=112233925171588304692&amp;rtpof=true&amp;sd=true" title="https://docs.google.com/spreadsheets/d/1P6AJpEKdwQipQGywkezk6JEXQq7qtmM0/edit?usp=sharing&amp;ouid=112233925171588304692&amp;rtpof=true&amp;sd=true">32.4</a>, पाकिस्तान के लिए <a href="https://docs.google.com/spreadsheets/d/1P6AJpEKdwQipQGywkezk6JEXQq7qtmM0/edit?usp=sharing&amp;ouid=112233925171588304692&amp;rtpof=true&amp;sd=true" title="https://docs.google.com/spreadsheets/d/1P6AJpEKdwQipQGywkezk6JEXQq7qtmM0/edit?usp=sharing&amp;ouid=112233925171588304692&amp;rtpof=true&amp;sd=true">29.6</a>, श्रीलंका के लिए <a href="https://docs.google.com/spreadsheets/d/1P6AJpEKdwQipQGywkezk6JEXQq7qtmM0/edit?usp=sharing&amp;ouid=112233925171588304692&amp;rtpof=true&amp;sd=true" title="https://docs.google.com/spreadsheets/d/1P6AJpEKdwQipQGywkezk6JEXQq7qtmM0/edit?usp=sharing&amp;ouid=112233925171588304692&amp;rtpof=true&amp;sd=true">39.3</a> और भूटान के लिए <a href="https://docs.google.com/spreadsheets/d/1P6AJpEKdwQipQGywkezk6JEXQq7qtmM0/edit?usp=sharing&amp;ouid=112233925171588304692&amp;rtpof=true&amp;sd=true" title="https://docs.google.com/spreadsheets/d/1P6AJpEKdwQipQGywkezk6JEXQq7qtmM0/edit?usp=sharing&amp;ouid=112233925171588304692&amp;rtpof=true&amp;sd=true">37.4</a> था.गिनी गुणांक में जीरो से लेकर 100 तक <strong>असमानता</strong> को मापा जाता है.</p>

<p><u><em>गिनी गुणांक में जीरो मान&nbsp;का मतलब पूरी तरह से समानता होता है.</em></u></p>

<p><br />
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                                            <h2 style="font-weight: bold; font-size: 13px;">What's Inside</h2>
                                            <ul class="whatsinside">
                                                                                                    <li>
                                                        <a href="https://im4change.in/hindi/hunger/मानव-विकास-सूचकांक-45.html?pgno=2#संयुक्त-राष्ट्र-विकास-कार्यक्रम-यूएनडीपी-ने-जारी-की-मानव-विकास-रिपोर्ट-2023-24-पढ़ें-इसकी-खास-बातें">संयुक्त राष्ट्र विकास कार्यक्रम (यूएनडीपी) ने जारी की मानव विकास रिपोर्ट 2023-24 , पढ़ें इसकी खास बातें</a>
                                                    </li>
                                                                                                        <li>
                                                        <a href="https://im4change.in/hindi/hunger/मानव-विकास-सूचकांक-45.html?pgno=3#संयुक्त-राष्ट्र-विकास-कार्यक्रमnbspयूएनडीपीnbspनेnbspमानव-विकास-रिपोर्ट-2021-22-जारी-की-है">संयुक्त राष्ट्र विकास कार्यक्रम&nbsp;(यूएनडीपी)&nbsp;ने&nbsp;मानव विकास रिपोर्ट 2021-22 जारी की है</a>
                                                    </li>
                                                                                                        <li>
                                                        <a href="https://im4change.in/hindi/hunger/मानव-विकास-सूचकांक-45.html?pgno=4#मानव-विकास-रिपोर्ट-2020-द-नेक्सट-फर्न्टियर-ndash-ह्युमन-डेवलपमेंट-एंड-द-मानव-विकास-और-एंथ्रोप्रसीन-दिसंबर-2020-में-जारी">मानव विकास रिपोर्ट 2020: द नेक्सट फर्न्टियर &ndash; ह्युमन डेवलपमेंट एंड द मानव विकास और एंथ्रोप्रसीन (दिसंबर 2020 में जारी)</a>
                                                    </li>
                                                                                                        <li>
                                                        <a href="https://im4change.in/hindi/hunger/मानव-विकास-सूचकांक-45.html?pgno=5#मानव-विकास-रिपोर्ट-2019">मानव विकास रिपोर्ट 2019 </a>
                                                    </li>
                                                                                                        <li>
                                                        <a href="https://im4change.in/hindi/hunger/मानव-विकास-सूचकांक-45.html?pgno=6#मानव-विकास-सूचकांक-और-संकेतक-2018">मानव विकास सूचकांक और संकेतक: 2018</a>
                                                    </li>
                                                                                                        <li>
                                                        <a href="https://im4change.in/hindi/hunger/मानव-विकास-सूचकांक-45.html?pgno=7#मानव-विकास-रिपोर्ट-2016">मानव विकास रिपोर्ट 2016</a>
                                                    </li>
                                                                                                        <li>
                                                        <a href="https://im4change.in/hindi/hunger/मानव-विकास-सूचकांक-45.html?pgno=8#ह्युमन-डेवलपमेंट-रिपोर्ट-2015-वर्क-फॉर-ह्यूमन-डेवलपमेंट">ह्युमन डेवलपमेंट रिपोर्ट 2015: वर्क फॉर ह्यूमन डेवलपमेंट</a>
                                                    </li>
                                                                                                        <li>
                                                        <a href="https://im4change.in/hindi/hunger/मानव-विकास-सूचकांक-45.html?pgno=9#मानव-विकास-रिपोर्ट-2014">मानव विकास रिपोर्ट 2014</a>
                                                    </li>
                                                                                                        <li>
                                                        <a href="https://im4change.in/hindi/hunger/मानव-विकास-सूचकांक-45.html?pgno=10#मानव-विकास-रिपोर्ट-2013-द-राइज़-ऑफ़-द-साउथ-ह्यूमन-प्रोग्रेस-इन-अ-डाइवर्स-वर्ल्ड">मानव विकास रिपोर्ट-2013: &quot;द राइज़ ऑफ़ द साउथ: ह्यूमन प्रोग्रेस इन अ डाइवर्स वर्ल्ड&quot;</a>
                                                    </li>
                                                                                                        <li>
                                                        <a href="https://im4change.in/hindi/hunger/मानव-विकास-सूचकांक-45.html?pgno=11#योजना-आयोग-द्वारा-जारी-गरीबी-संबंधी-आकलन2009-10">योजना आयोग द्वारा जारी गरीबी संबंधी आकलन(2009-10) </a>
                                                    </li>
                                                                                                </ul>
                                                                                            <div><a href="javascript:void(0)" id="morewhatsinsidelink" onClick="javascript:$('#morewhatsinside').show();$('#morewhatsinsidelink').hide();$('#lesswhatsinsidelink').show();">More</a></div>
                                                                                            <ul class="whatsinside" id="morewhatsinside" style="display:none">
                                                                                                    <li>
                                                        <a href="https://im4change.in/hindi/hunger/मानव-विकास-सूचकांक-45.html?pgno=12#ह्यूमन-डेवलपमेंट-रिपोर्ट-2011-सस्टेनेबेलिटी-एंड-इक्यूटीअ-बेटर-फ्यूचर-फॉर-ऑल">ह्यूमन डेवलपमेंट रिपोर्ट 2011- सस्टेनेबेलिटी एंड इक्यूटी:अ बेटर फ्यूचर फॉर ऑल</a>
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                                                        <a href="https://im4change.in/hindi/hunger/मानव-विकास-सूचकांक-45.html?pgno=13#मानव-विकास-रिपोर्ट-ndash-2010">मानव विकास रिपोर्ट &ndash; 2010</a>
                                                    </li>
                                                                                                        <li>
                                                        <a href="https://im4change.in/hindi/hunger/मानव-विकास-सूचकांक-45.html?pgno=13#मानव-विकास-रिपोर्ट-2007-08">मानव विकास रिपोर्ट 2007-08</a>
                                                    </li>
                                                                                                        <li>
                                                        <a href="https://im4change.in/hindi/hunger/मानव-विकास-सूचकांक-45.html?pgno=13#राष्ट्रीय-मानव-विकास-रिपोर्ट-2001">राष्ट्रीय मानव विकास रिपोर्ट (2001)</a>
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<p>[inside]संयुक्त राष्ट्र विकास कार्यक्रम&nbsp;<span><span><span>(यूएनडीपी)</span></span></span>&nbsp;ने&nbsp;मानव विकास रिपोर्ट 2021-22 जारी की है[/inside]<br />
रिपोर्ट के लिए&nbsp;<span><span><span>कृपया</span></span></span>&nbsp;<a href="/upload/files/HDR%202021-22%20Full%20Report%281%29.pdf" title="/upload/files/HDR%202021-22%20Full%20Report%281%29.pdf">यहाँ</a>, <a href="/upload/files/Press%20Release%20HDR%2021-22%20on%20India%281%29.pdf" title="/upload/files/Press%20Release%20HDR%2021-22%20on%20India%281%29.pdf">यहाँ</a>,<a href="/upload/files/India%20Specific%20country%20data%20_%20Human%20Development%20Report%202021-22%281%29.pdf" title="/upload/files/India%20Specific%20country%20data%20_%20Human%20Development%20Report%202021-22%281%29.pdf"> यहाँ</a>, <a href="/upload/files/Technical%20notes%20hdr2021-22_technical_notes%281%29.pdf" title="/upload/files/Technical%20notes%20hdr2021-22_technical_notes%281%29.pdf">यहाँ </a>और <a href="/upload/files/HDR21-22_Press%20Release%20English%282%29.pdf" title="/upload/files/HDR21-22_Press%20Release%20English%282%29.pdf">यहाँ </a>क्लिक कीजिए.</p>

<p><br />
इस रिपोर्ट का थीम है-<strong> &quot;अनिश्चित समय, अनसुलझा जीवन: बदलती दुनिया में हमारे भविष्य को आकार देना&quot;&nbsp;</strong></p>

<p><br />
मानव विकास<a href="/upload/files/HDR%202021-22%20Full%20Report%282%29.pdf" title="/upload/files/HDR%202021-22%20Full%20Report%282%29.pdf"> रिपोर्ट</a> (HDR) के एक भाग के रूप में मानव विकास सूचकांक (HDI) रहता है. वर्ष 2021 के मानव विकास सूचकांक में विश्व के 191 देशों में भारत ने <a href="https://docs.google.com/spreadsheets/d/1O_Kzjk0qf7gJXoAJvgf9xsaln6BMLZbf/edit?usp=sharing&amp;ouid=112233925171588304692&amp;rtpof=true&amp;sd=true" title="https://docs.google.com/spreadsheets/d/1O_Kzjk0qf7gJXoAJvgf9xsaln6BMLZbf/edit?usp=sharing&amp;ouid=112233925171588304692&amp;rtpof=true&amp;sd=true">132</a> वीं रैंक हासिल की है.</p>

<p>कोविड पूर्व वर्ष 2019 में भारत का मानव विकास सूचकांक मूल्य <a href="https://docs.google.com/spreadsheets/d/1h3G42IZ_vibg02L3aQGx-2UL5dS8zHe_/edit#gid=363141873" title="https://docs.google.com/spreadsheets/d/1h3G42IZ_vibg02L3aQGx-2UL5dS8zHe_/edit#gid=363141873">0.645</a> था जो घटकर 2020 में <a href="https://docs.google.com/spreadsheets/d/1h3G42IZ_vibg02L3aQGx-2UL5dS8zHe_/edit#gid=363141873" title="https://docs.google.com/spreadsheets/d/1h3G42IZ_vibg02L3aQGx-2UL5dS8zHe_/edit#gid=363141873">0.642</a> और 2021 में फिर घटकर <a href="https://docs.google.com/spreadsheets/d/1h3G42IZ_vibg02L3aQGx-2UL5dS8zHe_/edit#gid=363141873" title="https://docs.google.com/spreadsheets/d/1h3G42IZ_vibg02L3aQGx-2UL5dS8zHe_/edit#gid=363141873">0.633 </a>हो गया है.</p>

<p><br />
वर्ष 2021 के लिए वैश्विक मानव विकास सूचकांक मूल्य 0.732 है. वैश्विक मानव विकास सूचकांक मूल्य से भारत का मूल्य 0.099 कम है.</p>

<p><br />
<a href="/upload/files/HDR%202021-22%20Full%20Report%282%29.pdf" title="/upload/files/HDR%202021-22%20Full%20Report%282%29.pdf">रिपोर्ट</a> के अनुसार 90% देशों में वर्ष 2020 या 2021 में मानव विकास सूचकांक मूल्य कम हुआ है. जोकि सतत विकास लक्ष्यों के प्राप्ति में प्रमुख चुनौती हो&nbsp;सकता&nbsp;है.</p>

<p><span><strong><span style="color:#e74c3c">क्या है </span><a href="/upload/files/HDR%202021-22%20Full%20Report%282%29.pdf" title="/upload/files/HDR%202021-22%20Full%20Report%282%29.pdf">रिपोर्ट</a></strong>-</span></p>

<p>वर्ष 1990 से <a href="https://hdr.undp.org/data-center/human-development-index#/indicies/HDI" title="https://hdr.undp.org/data-center/human-development-index#/indicies/HDI">मानव विकास रिपोर्ट</a> जारी की जाती है. जिसका प्राथमिक उद्देश्य मानव विकास को मध्यनजर रखते हुए विश्वभर के देशों का आंकलन करना है.</p>

<blockquote>
<p><br />
मानव विकास सूचकांक चार संकेतकों से मिलकर बनता है-</p>

<p>जन्म के समय जीवन प्रत्याशा --सतत् विकास लक्ष्य 3),<br />
स्कूली शिक्षा के अपेक्षित वर्ष --सतत् विकास लक्ष्य 4.3),<br />
स्कूली शिक्षा के औसत वर्ष --सतत् विकास लक्ष्य 4.4),<br />
सकल राष्ट्रीय आय-GNI--सतत् विकास लक्ष्य 8.5)।</p>
</blockquote>

<p><a href="/upload/files/HDR%202021-22%20Full%20Report%282%29.pdf" title="/upload/files/HDR%202021-22%20Full%20Report%282%29.pdf">रिपोर्ट</a> के प्रमुख बिंदु-</p>

<ul>
	<li>सन् 1990 से 2021 तक भारत के मानव विकास सूचकांक मूल्य में <a href="https://docs.google.com/spreadsheets/d/1h3G42IZ_vibg02L3aQGx-2UL5dS8zHe_/edit?usp=sharing&amp;ouid=112233925171588304692&amp;rtpof=true&amp;sd=true" title="https://docs.google.com/spreadsheets/d/1h3G42IZ_vibg02L3aQGx-2UL5dS8zHe_/edit?usp=sharing&amp;ouid=112233925171588304692&amp;rtpof=true&amp;sd=true">45.85%</a> की वृद्धि हुई है. (<a href="https://docs.google.com/spreadsheets/d/1h3G42IZ_vibg02L3aQGx-2UL5dS8zHe_/edit?usp=sharing&amp;ouid=112233925171588304692&amp;rtpof=true&amp;sd=true" title="https://docs.google.com/spreadsheets/d/1h3G42IZ_vibg02L3aQGx-2UL5dS8zHe_/edit?usp=sharing&amp;ouid=112233925171588304692&amp;rtpof=true&amp;sd=true">0.434 से 0.63</a>3)</li>
	<li>2021 की इस रिपोर्ट में भारत के लोगों की जन्म के समय जीवन प्रत्याशा दर <a href="https://hdr.undp.org/data-center/specific-country-data#/countries/IND" title="https://hdr.undp.org/data-center/specific-country-data#/countries/IND">67.2 </a>वर्ष है. इसी रिपोर्ट के अनुसार अनुमानित स्कूली शिक्षा के वर्ष <a href="https://hdr.undp.org/data-center/specific-country-data#/countries/IND" title="https://hdr.undp.org/data-center/specific-country-data#/countries/IND">11.9 </a>वर्ष. स्कूली शिक्षा के औसत वर्ष <a href="https://hdr.undp.org/data-center/specific-country-data#/countries/IND" title="https://hdr.undp.org/data-center/specific-country-data#/countries/IND">6.7</a> वर्ष.</li>
	<li>वहीं प्रति व्यक्ति सकल राष्ट्रीय आय 6,590 अमेरिकी डॉलर थी।</li>
	<li>भारत ने वर्ष 2021 के लिए 132 वीं रैंक हासिल की है वहीं 2020 में 130 वीं रैंक हासिल की थी.<a href="https://www.im4change.org/news-alerts-57/global-human-development-report-2021-22-hdr-methdology-hdi-human-development-index-undp-rank-score-value.html" title="https://www.im4change.org/news-alerts-57/global-human-development-report-2021-22-hdr-methdology-hdi-human-development-index-undp-rank-score-value.html"> स्मरणीय</a> है एक रिपोर्ट की <a href="https://im4change.org/upload/files/HDR%202021-22%20Comparison%20over%20time%20and%20across%20editions.jpg" title="https://im4change.org/upload/files/HDR%202021-22%20Comparison%20over%20time%20and%20across%20editions.jpg">तुलना</a> दूसरी रिपोर्ट के साथ नहीं की जा सकती है क्योंकि राष्ट्रीय और अंतरराष्ट्रीय संस्थाएं समय-समय पर आंकड़े संशोधित करती रहती हैं.</li>
	<li>लेकिन इसी रिपोर्ट में दी गई <a href="https://docs.google.com/spreadsheets/d/1h3G42IZ_vibg02L3aQGx-2UL5dS8zHe_/edit#gid=363141873" title="https://docs.google.com/spreadsheets/d/1h3G42IZ_vibg02L3aQGx-2UL5dS8zHe_/edit#gid=363141873">टेबल 2</a>, ऐसे आंकड़ों को लेकर बनाई गई है जिनकी तुलना की जा सकती है.&nbsp;</li>
	<li><a href="https://docs.google.com/spreadsheets/d/1h3G42IZ_vibg02L3aQGx-2UL5dS8zHe_/edit#gid=363141873" title="https://docs.google.com/spreadsheets/d/1h3G42IZ_vibg02L3aQGx-2UL5dS8zHe_/edit#gid=363141873">टेबल 2</a> के अनुसार 1990 से लेकर 2021 तक औसत वार्षिक मानव विकास सूचकांक में भारत के लिए वृद्धि <a href="https://docs.google.com/spreadsheets/d/1h3G42IZ_vibg02L3aQGx-2UL5dS8zHe_/edit?usp=sharing&amp;ouid=112233925171588304692&amp;rtpof=true&amp;sd=true" title="https://docs.google.com/spreadsheets/d/1h3G42IZ_vibg02L3aQGx-2UL5dS8zHe_/edit?usp=sharing&amp;ouid=112233925171588304692&amp;rtpof=true&amp;sd=true">1.22%</a> रही वहीं चीन के लिए यह वृद्धि <a href="https://docs.google.com/spreadsheets/d/1h3G42IZ_vibg02L3aQGx-2UL5dS8zHe_/edit?usp=sharing&amp;ouid=112233925171588304692&amp;rtpof=true&amp;sd=true" title="https://docs.google.com/spreadsheets/d/1h3G42IZ_vibg02L3aQGx-2UL5dS8zHe_/edit?usp=sharing&amp;ouid=112233925171588304692&amp;rtpof=true&amp;sd=true">1.50%</a> रही.</li>
	<li>भारत को इस रिपोर्ट में <a href="https://docs.google.com/spreadsheets/d/1O_Kzjk0qf7gJXoAJvgf9xsaln6BMLZbf/edit?usp=sharing&amp;ouid=112233925171588304692&amp;rtpof=true&amp;sd=true" title="https://docs.google.com/spreadsheets/d/1O_Kzjk0qf7gJXoAJvgf9xsaln6BMLZbf/edit?usp=sharing&amp;ouid=112233925171588304692&amp;rtpof=true&amp;sd=true">मध्यम मानव विकास समूह</a> वाले देशों में रखा गया है. परन्तु भारत का मूल्य (<a href="https://docs.google.com/spreadsheets/d/1O_Kzjk0qf7gJXoAJvgf9xsaln6BMLZbf/edit?usp=sharing&amp;ouid=112233925171588304692&amp;rtpof=true&amp;sd=true" title="https://docs.google.com/spreadsheets/d/1O_Kzjk0qf7gJXoAJvgf9xsaln6BMLZbf/edit?usp=sharing&amp;ouid=112233925171588304692&amp;rtpof=true&amp;sd=true">0.633</a>) <em>मध्यम मानव विकास समूह वाले देशों</em> के औसत मूल्य (<a href="https://docs.google.com/spreadsheets/d/1O_Kzjk0qf7gJXoAJvgf9xsaln6BMLZbf/edit?usp=sharing&amp;ouid=112233925171588304692&amp;rtpof=true&amp;sd=true" title="https://docs.google.com/spreadsheets/d/1O_Kzjk0qf7gJXoAJvgf9xsaln6BMLZbf/edit?usp=sharing&amp;ouid=112233925171588304692&amp;rtpof=true&amp;sd=true">0.636</a>) से कम है.</li>
</ul>

<p><strong>रिपोर्ट में मानव विकास सूचकांक के मूल्य को मौजूद असमानता के साथ समायोजित किया जाता है. समायोजन के बाद भारत का एचडीआई स्कोर 25% की गिरावट के साथ 0.475 पर पहुँच गया है.&nbsp;</strong></p>

<p>लैंगिक असमानता सूचकांक- &nbsp;महिला और पुरुष के मानव विकास सूचकांक मूल्यों में अंतर को लैंगिक असमानता अनुपात के रूप में देखते हैं.</p>

<p>वर्ष 2021 में भारत को लैंगिक असमानता सूचकांक में 170 देशों में से <a href="https://docs.google.com/spreadsheets/d/1p32NEI6B4FdTM_uq0S84Wk3EID7Xgbhm/edit?usp=sharing&amp;ouid=112233925171588304692&amp;rtpof=true&amp;sd=true" title="https://docs.google.com/spreadsheets/d/1p32NEI6B4FdTM_uq0S84Wk3EID7Xgbhm/edit?usp=sharing&amp;ouid=112233925171588304692&amp;rtpof=true&amp;sd=true">122 वीं</a> रैंक प्राप्त हुई है. भारत का लैंगिक असमानता सूचकांक मूल्य<a href="https://docs.google.com/spreadsheets/d/1p32NEI6B4FdTM_uq0S84Wk3EID7Xgbhm/edit?usp=sharing&amp;ouid=112233925171588304692&amp;rtpof=true&amp;sd=true" title="https://docs.google.com/spreadsheets/d/1p32NEI6B4FdTM_uq0S84Wk3EID7Xgbhm/edit?usp=sharing&amp;ouid=112233925171588304692&amp;rtpof=true&amp;sd=true"> 0.490</a> था. वहीं चीन का <a href="https://docs.google.com/spreadsheets/d/1p32NEI6B4FdTM_uq0S84Wk3EID7Xgbhm/edit?usp=sharing&amp;ouid=112233925171588304692&amp;rtpof=true&amp;sd=true" title="https://docs.google.com/spreadsheets/d/1p32NEI6B4FdTM_uq0S84Wk3EID7Xgbhm/edit?usp=sharing&amp;ouid=112233925171588304692&amp;rtpof=true&amp;sd=true">0.192,</a> बांग्लादेश का <a href="https://docs.google.com/spreadsheets/d/1p32NEI6B4FdTM_uq0S84Wk3EID7Xgbhm/edit?usp=sharing&amp;ouid=112233925171588304692&amp;rtpof=true&amp;sd=true" title="https://docs.google.com/spreadsheets/d/1p32NEI6B4FdTM_uq0S84Wk3EID7Xgbhm/edit?usp=sharing&amp;ouid=112233925171588304692&amp;rtpof=true&amp;sd=true">0.530</a>, पाकिस्तान का <a href="https://docs.google.com/spreadsheets/d/1p32NEI6B4FdTM_uq0S84Wk3EID7Xgbhm/edit?usp=sharing&amp;ouid=112233925171588304692&amp;rtpof=true&amp;sd=true" title="https://docs.google.com/spreadsheets/d/1p32NEI6B4FdTM_uq0S84Wk3EID7Xgbhm/edit?usp=sharing&amp;ouid=112233925171588304692&amp;rtpof=true&amp;sd=true">0.534.</a> (170 देशों में इनकी रैंक क्रमश:&nbsp;<a href="https://docs.google.com/spreadsheets/d/1p32NEI6B4FdTM_uq0S84Wk3EID7Xgbhm/edit?usp=sharing&amp;ouid=112233925171588304692&amp;rtpof=true&amp;sd=true" title="https://docs.google.com/spreadsheets/d/1p32NEI6B4FdTM_uq0S84Wk3EID7Xgbhm/edit?usp=sharing&amp;ouid=112233925171588304692&amp;rtpof=true&amp;sd=true">48वीं</a>, <a href="https://docs.google.com/spreadsheets/d/1p32NEI6B4FdTM_uq0S84Wk3EID7Xgbhm/edit?usp=sharing&amp;ouid=112233925171588304692&amp;rtpof=true&amp;sd=true" title="https://docs.google.com/spreadsheets/d/1p32NEI6B4FdTM_uq0S84Wk3EID7Xgbhm/edit?usp=sharing&amp;ouid=112233925171588304692&amp;rtpof=true&amp;sd=true">131वीं</a>, <a href="https://docs.google.com/spreadsheets/d/1p32NEI6B4FdTM_uq0S84Wk3EID7Xgbhm/edit?usp=sharing&amp;ouid=112233925171588304692&amp;rtpof=true&amp;sd=true" title="https://docs.google.com/spreadsheets/d/1p32NEI6B4FdTM_uq0S84Wk3EID7Xgbhm/edit?usp=sharing&amp;ouid=112233925171588304692&amp;rtpof=true&amp;sd=true">135वीं</a> )</p>

<p><br />
भारतीय संसद की कुल सीटों में से <a href="https://docs.google.com/spreadsheets/d/1p32NEI6B4FdTM_uq0S84Wk3EID7Xgbhm/edit?usp=sharing&amp;ouid=112233925171588304692&amp;rtpof=true&amp;sd=true" title="https://docs.google.com/spreadsheets/d/1p32NEI6B4FdTM_uq0S84Wk3EID7Xgbhm/edit?usp=sharing&amp;ouid=112233925171588304692&amp;rtpof=true&amp;sd=true">13.4</a> प्रतिशत सीटों पर महिला सदस्य बैठती हैं वहीं चीन में यह आंकड़ा <a href="https://docs.google.com/spreadsheets/d/1p32NEI6B4FdTM_uq0S84Wk3EID7Xgbhm/edit?usp=sharing&amp;ouid=112233925171588304692&amp;rtpof=true&amp;sd=true" title="https://docs.google.com/spreadsheets/d/1p32NEI6B4FdTM_uq0S84Wk3EID7Xgbhm/edit?usp=sharing&amp;ouid=112233925171588304692&amp;rtpof=true&amp;sd=true">24.9%</a> हो जाता है (2021 के आंकड़ों के अनुसार)</p>

<p><br />
2017 से 2020 के दौरान भारत में सैन्य गतिविधियों पर किया गया खर्च सकल&nbsp;घरेलू उत्पाद का <a href="https://docs.google.com/spreadsheets/d/1YPg04t4HaUbeuR6qusmH2_lVbtkjA4ld/edit?usp=sharing&amp;ouid=112233925171588304692&amp;rtpof=true&amp;sd=true" title="https://docs.google.com/spreadsheets/d/1YPg04t4HaUbeuR6qusmH2_lVbtkjA4ld/edit?usp=sharing&amp;ouid=112233925171588304692&amp;rtpof=true&amp;sd=true">2.9%</a> था. इसी समय काल में चीन का <a href="https://docs.google.com/spreadsheets/d/1YPg04t4HaUbeuR6qusmH2_lVbtkjA4ld/edit?usp=sharing&amp;ouid=112233925171588304692&amp;rtpof=true&amp;sd=true" title="https://docs.google.com/spreadsheets/d/1YPg04t4HaUbeuR6qusmH2_lVbtkjA4ld/edit?usp=sharing&amp;ouid=112233925171588304692&amp;rtpof=true&amp;sd=true">1.7%</a>, पाकिस्तान का <a href="https://docs.google.com/spreadsheets/d/1YPg04t4HaUbeuR6qusmH2_lVbtkjA4ld/edit?usp=sharing&amp;ouid=112233925171588304692&amp;rtpof=true&amp;sd=true" title="https://docs.google.com/spreadsheets/d/1YPg04t4HaUbeuR6qusmH2_lVbtkjA4ld/edit?usp=sharing&amp;ouid=112233925171588304692&amp;rtpof=true&amp;sd=true">4.0</a>%, बांग्लादेश का <a href="https://docs.google.com/spreadsheets/d/1YPg04t4HaUbeuR6qusmH2_lVbtkjA4ld/edit?usp=sharing&amp;ouid=112233925171588304692&amp;rtpof=true&amp;sd=true" title="https://docs.google.com/spreadsheets/d/1YPg04t4HaUbeuR6qusmH2_lVbtkjA4ld/edit?usp=sharing&amp;ouid=112233925171588304692&amp;rtpof=true&amp;sd=true">1.3%</a>, श्रीलंका का <a href="https://docs.google.com/spreadsheets/d/1YPg04t4HaUbeuR6qusmH2_lVbtkjA4ld/edit?usp=sharing&amp;ouid=112233925171588304692&amp;rtpof=true&amp;sd=true" title="https://docs.google.com/spreadsheets/d/1YPg04t4HaUbeuR6qusmH2_lVbtkjA4ld/edit?usp=sharing&amp;ouid=112233925171588304692&amp;rtpof=true&amp;sd=true">1.9</a>%, ब्रिटेन का <a href="https://docs.google.com/spreadsheets/d/1YPg04t4HaUbeuR6qusmH2_lVbtkjA4ld/edit?usp=sharing&amp;ouid=112233925171588304692&amp;rtpof=true&amp;sd=true" title="https://docs.google.com/spreadsheets/d/1YPg04t4HaUbeuR6qusmH2_lVbtkjA4ld/edit?usp=sharing&amp;ouid=112233925171588304692&amp;rtpof=true&amp;sd=true">2.2%</a>, संयुक्त राज्य अमेरिका का<a href="https://docs.google.com/spreadsheets/d/1YPg04t4HaUbeuR6qusmH2_lVbtkjA4ld/edit?usp=sharing&amp;ouid=112233925171588304692&amp;rtpof=true&amp;sd=true" title="https://docs.google.com/spreadsheets/d/1YPg04t4HaUbeuR6qusmH2_lVbtkjA4ld/edit?usp=sharing&amp;ouid=112233925171588304692&amp;rtpof=true&amp;sd=true"> 3.7% </a>जीडीपी का भाग सैन्य गतिविधियों पर खर्च किया जाता है.</p>

<p><br />
2021 में भारत की<a href="https://docs.google.com/spreadsheets/d/1p32NEI6B4FdTM_uq0S84Wk3EID7Xgbhm/edit?usp=sharing&amp;ouid=112233925171588304692&amp;rtpof=true&amp;sd=true" title="https://docs.google.com/spreadsheets/d/1p32NEI6B4FdTM_uq0S84Wk3EID7Xgbhm/edit?usp=sharing&amp;ouid=112233925171588304692&amp;rtpof=true&amp;sd=true"> 41.8%</a> वयस्क महिलाओं (25 वर्ष या उससे ऊपर) ने कम से कम माध्यमिक स्तर तक की शिक्षा प्राप्त की थी अगर इसकी तुलना&nbsp;पुरुषों&nbsp;&nbsp;से करें तो पुरुषों में यह आंकड़ा<a href="https://docs.google.com/spreadsheets/d/1p32NEI6B4FdTM_uq0S84Wk3EID7Xgbhm/edit?usp=sharing&amp;ouid=112233925171588304692&amp;rtpof=true&amp;sd=true" title="https://docs.google.com/spreadsheets/d/1p32NEI6B4FdTM_uq0S84Wk3EID7Xgbhm/edit?usp=sharing&amp;ouid=112233925171588304692&amp;rtpof=true&amp;sd=true"> 53.8</a>% पर पहुंच जाता है.</p>

<p><br />
2021 में महिलाओं (15 वर्ष और उससे ऊपर) में श्रम बल भागीदारी दर <a href="https://docs.google.com/spreadsheets/d/1p32NEI6B4FdTM_uq0S84Wk3EID7Xgbhm/edit?usp=sharing&amp;ouid=112233925171588304692&amp;rtpof=true&amp;sd=true" title="https://docs.google.com/spreadsheets/d/1p32NEI6B4FdTM_uq0S84Wk3EID7Xgbhm/edit?usp=sharing&amp;ouid=112233925171588304692&amp;rtpof=true&amp;sd=true">19.3</a> प्रतिशत थी वहीं पुरुषों में श्रम बल भागीदारी दर 70.1% थी.&nbsp;अगर चीन में देखें तो महिलाओं की श्रम बल में भागीदारी दर <a href="https://docs.google.com/spreadsheets/d/1p32NEI6B4FdTM_uq0S84Wk3EID7Xgbhm/edit?usp=sharing&amp;ouid=112233925171588304692&amp;rtpof=true&amp;sd=true" title="https://docs.google.com/spreadsheets/d/1p32NEI6B4FdTM_uq0S84Wk3EID7Xgbhm/edit?usp=sharing&amp;ouid=112233925171588304692&amp;rtpof=true&amp;sd=true">61.6%</a> थी और पुरुषों की <a href="https://docs.google.com/spreadsheets/d/1p32NEI6B4FdTM_uq0S84Wk3EID7Xgbhm/edit?usp=sharing&amp;ouid=112233925171588304692&amp;rtpof=true&amp;sd=true" title="https://docs.google.com/spreadsheets/d/1p32NEI6B4FdTM_uq0S84Wk3EID7Xgbhm/edit?usp=sharing&amp;ouid=112233925171588304692&amp;rtpof=true&amp;sd=true">74.3%.</a></p>

<blockquote>
<p><br />
श्रम बल भागीदारी दर से तात्पर्य 15 वर्ष या उससे ऊपर के ऐसे लोग जो या तो कहीं कार्यरत हैं या फिर रोजगार की तलाश में हैं, का कुल काम करने की उम्र वाले लोगों के साथ अनुपात.&nbsp;यानी श्रम बल भागीदारी दर अर्थव्यवस्था में नौकरियों की मांग को दर्शाता है.</p>
</blockquote>

<p><br />
वर्ष 2017 में प्रति दस लाख जीवित बच्चों के जन्म पर <a href="https://docs.google.com/spreadsheets/d/1p32NEI6B4FdTM_uq0S84Wk3EID7Xgbhm/edit?usp=sharing&amp;ouid=112233925171588304692&amp;rtpof=true&amp;sd=true" title="https://docs.google.com/spreadsheets/d/1p32NEI6B4FdTM_uq0S84Wk3EID7Xgbhm/edit?usp=sharing&amp;ouid=112233925171588304692&amp;rtpof=true&amp;sd=true">135.0 </a>महिलाओं की मृत्यु हुई थी.</p>

<p>वर्ष 2021 में 15 से 18 वर्ष की प्रति 1000 किशोरियों ने <a href="https://docs.google.com/spreadsheets/d/1p32NEI6B4FdTM_uq0S84Wk3EID7Xgbhm/edit?usp=sharing&amp;ouid=112233925171588304692&amp;rtpof=true&amp;sd=true" title="https://docs.google.com/spreadsheets/d/1p32NEI6B4FdTM_uq0S84Wk3EID7Xgbhm/edit?usp=sharing&amp;ouid=112233925171588304692&amp;rtpof=true&amp;sd=true">17.2</a> बच्चों को जन्म दिया था.मानव के विकास में पर्यावरण भी एक प्रमुख कारक है इसलिए मानव विकास रिपोर्ट में&nbsp;&nbsp;&quot;प्लेनेटरी प्रेशर एडजस्ट एचडीआई&quot; (P-HDI) की घोषणा की जाती है. वर्ष 2021 में भारत के लिए इसका (P-HDI) मान <a href="https://hdr.undp.org/data-center/specific-country-data#/countries/IND" title="https://hdr.undp.org/data-center/specific-country-data#/countries/IND">0.609</a> था.</p>

<p><br />
<span style="color:#e74c3c"><strong><span>गरीबी और असमानता</span></strong></span></p>

<p>भारत में पिछले दशक में बहुआयामी गरीबी को कम करने में बेहतरीन काम किया है. भारत का हेड काउंट अनुपात (Head Count Ratio- HCR) 2015&ndash;16 में <a href="https://docs.google.com/spreadsheets/d/1a4-k-z1_cQmvpFfbwgDd-9fD-rUGpLl4/edit?usp=sharing&amp;ouid=112233925171588304692&amp;rtpof=true&amp;sd=true" title="https://docs.google.com/spreadsheets/d/1a4-k-z1_cQmvpFfbwgDd-9fD-rUGpLl4/edit?usp=sharing&amp;ouid=112233925171588304692&amp;rtpof=true&amp;sd=true">27.9%</a> की कमी हुई थी.</p>

<p><br />
<em>समाज में गरीबी या गरीबी रेखा से नीचे रहने वाले लोगों को दर्शाने के लिए <strong>हेड काउंट अनुपात</strong> का प्रयोग किया जाता है.</em>&nbsp;</p>

<p>भारत में बहुआयामी गरीबी का हेड काउंट अनुपात आय के हेड काउंट अनुपात से 6% पॉइंट अधिक है. तात्पर्य है गरीबी रेखा से ऊपर जीवन जीने वाला व्यक्ति भी स्वास्थ्य, शिक्षा या किसी अन्य मापदंड में विचलन प्राप्त करता होगा.<br />
2005&ndash;06 से 2015&ndash;16 के बीच बहुआयामी गरीबों की संख्या में <a href="https://docs.google.com/spreadsheets/d/1a4-k-z1_cQmvpFfbwgDd-9fD-rUGpLl4/edit?usp=sharing&amp;ouid=112233925171588304692&amp;rtpof=true&amp;sd=true" title="https://docs.google.com/spreadsheets/d/1a4-k-z1_cQmvpFfbwgDd-9fD-rUGpLl4/edit?usp=sharing&amp;ouid=112233925171588304692&amp;rtpof=true&amp;sd=true">273</a> मिलियन की कमी आई थी.</p>

<p>2015-16 में बहुआयामी गरीबी इंडेक्स का मान अनुसूचित जनजाति के लिए<a href="https://docs.google.com/spreadsheets/d/1nfEWe4SSeIRAGrHQs3HMCy1DGOZ8RU6b/edit?usp=sharing&amp;ouid=112233925171588304692&amp;rtpof=true&amp;sd=true" title="https://docs.google.com/spreadsheets/d/1nfEWe4SSeIRAGrHQs3HMCy1DGOZ8RU6b/edit?usp=sharing&amp;ouid=112233925171588304692&amp;rtpof=true&amp;sd=true"> 0.232,</a> अनुसूचित जाति के लिए <a href="https://docs.google.com/spreadsheets/d/1nfEWe4SSeIRAGrHQs3HMCy1DGOZ8RU6b/edit?usp=sharing&amp;ouid=112233925171588304692&amp;rtpof=true&amp;sd=true" title="https://docs.google.com/spreadsheets/d/1nfEWe4SSeIRAGrHQs3HMCy1DGOZ8RU6b/edit?usp=sharing&amp;ouid=112233925171588304692&amp;rtpof=true&amp;sd=true">0.147, </a>अन्य पिछड़ा वर्ग के लिए <a href="https://docs.google.com/spreadsheets/d/1nfEWe4SSeIRAGrHQs3HMCy1DGOZ8RU6b/edit?usp=sharing&amp;ouid=112233925171588304692&amp;rtpof=true&amp;sd=true" title="https://docs.google.com/spreadsheets/d/1nfEWe4SSeIRAGrHQs3HMCy1DGOZ8RU6b/edit?usp=sharing&amp;ouid=112233925171588304692&amp;rtpof=true&amp;sd=true">0.118</a>, इन तीनों श्रेणियों से इतर वाले समूह के लिए <a href="https://docs.google.com/spreadsheets/d/1nfEWe4SSeIRAGrHQs3HMCy1DGOZ8RU6b/edit?usp=sharing&amp;ouid=112233925171588304692&amp;rtpof=true&amp;sd=true" title="https://docs.google.com/spreadsheets/d/1nfEWe4SSeIRAGrHQs3HMCy1DGOZ8RU6b/edit?usp=sharing&amp;ouid=112233925171588304692&amp;rtpof=true&amp;sd=true">0.066,</a> ना ही कोई जाति और ना ही किसी जनजाति के लिए <a href="https://docs.google.com/spreadsheets/d/1nfEWe4SSeIRAGrHQs3HMCy1DGOZ8RU6b/edit?usp=sharing&amp;ouid=112233925171588304692&amp;rtpof=true&amp;sd=true" title="https://docs.google.com/spreadsheets/d/1nfEWe4SSeIRAGrHQs3HMCy1DGOZ8RU6b/edit?usp=sharing&amp;ouid=112233925171588304692&amp;rtpof=true&amp;sd=true">0.093</a> था.<br />
2010 से 2021 के बीच में गिनी गुणांक का मान भारत के लिए <a href="https://docs.google.com/spreadsheets/d/1P6AJpEKdwQipQGywkezk6JEXQq7qtmM0/edit?usp=sharing&amp;ouid=112233925171588304692&amp;rtpof=true&amp;sd=true" title="https://docs.google.com/spreadsheets/d/1P6AJpEKdwQipQGywkezk6JEXQq7qtmM0/edit?usp=sharing&amp;ouid=112233925171588304692&amp;rtpof=true&amp;sd=true">35.7</a>, चीन के लिए <a href="https://docs.google.com/spreadsheets/d/1P6AJpEKdwQipQGywkezk6JEXQq7qtmM0/edit?usp=sharing&amp;ouid=112233925171588304692&amp;rtpof=true&amp;sd=true" title="https://docs.google.com/spreadsheets/d/1P6AJpEKdwQipQGywkezk6JEXQq7qtmM0/edit?usp=sharing&amp;ouid=112233925171588304692&amp;rtpof=true&amp;sd=true">38.2</a>, बांग्लादेश के लिए <a href="https://docs.google.com/spreadsheets/d/1P6AJpEKdwQipQGywkezk6JEXQq7qtmM0/edit?usp=sharing&amp;ouid=112233925171588304692&amp;rtpof=true&amp;sd=true" title="https://docs.google.com/spreadsheets/d/1P6AJpEKdwQipQGywkezk6JEXQq7qtmM0/edit?usp=sharing&amp;ouid=112233925171588304692&amp;rtpof=true&amp;sd=true">32.4</a>, पाकिस्तान के लिए <a href="https://docs.google.com/spreadsheets/d/1P6AJpEKdwQipQGywkezk6JEXQq7qtmM0/edit?usp=sharing&amp;ouid=112233925171588304692&amp;rtpof=true&amp;sd=true" title="https://docs.google.com/spreadsheets/d/1P6AJpEKdwQipQGywkezk6JEXQq7qtmM0/edit?usp=sharing&amp;ouid=112233925171588304692&amp;rtpof=true&amp;sd=true">29.6</a>, श्रीलंका के लिए <a href="https://docs.google.com/spreadsheets/d/1P6AJpEKdwQipQGywkezk6JEXQq7qtmM0/edit?usp=sharing&amp;ouid=112233925171588304692&amp;rtpof=true&amp;sd=true" title="https://docs.google.com/spreadsheets/d/1P6AJpEKdwQipQGywkezk6JEXQq7qtmM0/edit?usp=sharing&amp;ouid=112233925171588304692&amp;rtpof=true&amp;sd=true">39.3</a> और भूटान के लिए <a href="https://docs.google.com/spreadsheets/d/1P6AJpEKdwQipQGywkezk6JEXQq7qtmM0/edit?usp=sharing&amp;ouid=112233925171588304692&amp;rtpof=true&amp;sd=true" title="https://docs.google.com/spreadsheets/d/1P6AJpEKdwQipQGywkezk6JEXQq7qtmM0/edit?usp=sharing&amp;ouid=112233925171588304692&amp;rtpof=true&amp;sd=true">37.4</a> था.गिनी गुणांक में जीरो से लेकर 100 तक <strong>असमानता</strong> को मापा जाता है.</p>

<p><u><em>गिनी गुणांक में जीरो मान&nbsp;का मतलब पूरी तरह से समानता होता है.</em></u></p>

<p><br />
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&bull; 2018 में,&nbsp;189 देशों और संयुक्त राष्ट्र द्वारा मान्यता प्राप्त&nbsp;क्षेत्रों में&nbsp;भारत मानव&nbsp;विकास सूचकांक&nbsp;(एचडीआई) में&nbsp;129वें पायदान पर&nbsp;(एचडीआई वेल्यू 0.647) था, जबकि चीन 85वें (एचडीआई वेल्यू 0.758), श्रीलंका 71वें (एचडीआई वेल्यू 0.780), भूटान 134वें&nbsp; (एचडीआई वेल्यू 0.617), बांग्लादेश 135 वें (एचडीआई..."/>
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                                            <h2 style="font-weight: bold; font-size: 13px;">What's Inside</h2>
                                            <ul class="whatsinside">
                                                                                                    <li>
                                                        <a href="https://im4change.in/hindi/hunger/मानव-विकास-सूचकांक-45.html?pgno=2#संयुक्त-राष्ट्र-विकास-कार्यक्रम-यूएनडीपी-ने-जारी-की-मानव-विकास-रिपोर्ट-2023-24-पढ़ें-इसकी-खास-बातें">संयुक्त राष्ट्र विकास कार्यक्रम (यूएनडीपी) ने जारी की मानव विकास रिपोर्ट 2023-24 , पढ़ें इसकी खास बातें</a>
                                                    </li>
                                                                                                        <li>
                                                        <a href="https://im4change.in/hindi/hunger/मानव-विकास-सूचकांक-45.html?pgno=3#संयुक्त-राष्ट्र-विकास-कार्यक्रमnbspयूएनडीपीnbspनेnbspमानव-विकास-रिपोर्ट-2021-22-जारी-की-है">संयुक्त राष्ट्र विकास कार्यक्रम&nbsp;(यूएनडीपी)&nbsp;ने&nbsp;मानव विकास रिपोर्ट 2021-22 जारी की है</a>
                                                    </li>
                                                                                                        <li>
                                                        <a href="https://im4change.in/hindi/hunger/मानव-विकास-सूचकांक-45.html?pgno=4#मानव-विकास-रिपोर्ट-2020-द-नेक्सट-फर्न्टियर-ndash-ह्युमन-डेवलपमेंट-एंड-द-मानव-विकास-और-एंथ्रोप्रसीन-दिसंबर-2020-में-जारी">मानव विकास रिपोर्ट 2020: द नेक्सट फर्न्टियर &ndash; ह्युमन डेवलपमेंट एंड द मानव विकास और एंथ्रोप्रसीन (दिसंबर 2020 में जारी)</a>
                                                    </li>
                                                                                                        <li>
                                                        <a href="https://im4change.in/hindi/hunger/मानव-विकास-सूचकांक-45.html?pgno=5#मानव-विकास-रिपोर्ट-2019">मानव विकास रिपोर्ट 2019 </a>
                                                    </li>
                                                                                                        <li>
                                                        <a href="https://im4change.in/hindi/hunger/मानव-विकास-सूचकांक-45.html?pgno=6#मानव-विकास-सूचकांक-और-संकेतक-2018">मानव विकास सूचकांक और संकेतक: 2018</a>
                                                    </li>
                                                                                                        <li>
                                                        <a href="https://im4change.in/hindi/hunger/मानव-विकास-सूचकांक-45.html?pgno=7#मानव-विकास-रिपोर्ट-2016">मानव विकास रिपोर्ट 2016</a>
                                                    </li>
                                                                                                        <li>
                                                        <a href="https://im4change.in/hindi/hunger/मानव-विकास-सूचकांक-45.html?pgno=8#ह्युमन-डेवलपमेंट-रिपोर्ट-2015-वर्क-फॉर-ह्यूमन-डेवलपमेंट">ह्युमन डेवलपमेंट रिपोर्ट 2015: वर्क फॉर ह्यूमन डेवलपमेंट</a>
                                                    </li>
                                                                                                        <li>
                                                        <a href="https://im4change.in/hindi/hunger/मानव-विकास-सूचकांक-45.html?pgno=9#मानव-विकास-रिपोर्ट-2014">मानव विकास रिपोर्ट 2014</a>
                                                    </li>
                                                                                                        <li>
                                                        <a href="https://im4change.in/hindi/hunger/मानव-विकास-सूचकांक-45.html?pgno=10#मानव-विकास-रिपोर्ट-2013-द-राइज़-ऑफ़-द-साउथ-ह्यूमन-प्रोग्रेस-इन-अ-डाइवर्स-वर्ल्ड">मानव विकास रिपोर्ट-2013: &quot;द राइज़ ऑफ़ द साउथ: ह्यूमन प्रोग्रेस इन अ डाइवर्स वर्ल्ड&quot;</a>
                                                    </li>
                                                                                                        <li>
                                                        <a href="https://im4change.in/hindi/hunger/मानव-विकास-सूचकांक-45.html?pgno=11#योजना-आयोग-द्वारा-जारी-गरीबी-संबंधी-आकलन2009-10">योजना आयोग द्वारा जारी गरीबी संबंधी आकलन(2009-10) </a>
                                                    </li>
                                                                                                </ul>
                                                                                            <div><a href="javascript:void(0)" id="morewhatsinsidelink" onClick="javascript:$('#morewhatsinside').show();$('#morewhatsinsidelink').hide();$('#lesswhatsinsidelink').show();">More</a></div>
                                                                                            <ul class="whatsinside" id="morewhatsinside" style="display:none">
                                                                                                    <li>
                                                        <a href="https://im4change.in/hindi/hunger/मानव-विकास-सूचकांक-45.html?pgno=12#ह्यूमन-डेवलपमेंट-रिपोर्ट-2011-सस्टेनेबेलिटी-एंड-इक्यूटीअ-बेटर-फ्यूचर-फॉर-ऑल">ह्यूमन डेवलपमेंट रिपोर्ट 2011- सस्टेनेबेलिटी एंड इक्यूटी:अ बेटर फ्यूचर फॉर ऑल</a>
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                                                        <a href="https://im4change.in/hindi/hunger/मानव-विकास-सूचकांक-45.html?pgno=13#मानव-विकास-रिपोर्ट-ndash-2010">मानव विकास रिपोर्ट &ndash; 2010</a>
                                                    </li>
                                                                                                        <li>
                                                        <a href="https://im4change.in/hindi/hunger/मानव-विकास-सूचकांक-45.html?pgno=13#मानव-विकास-रिपोर्ट-2007-08">मानव विकास रिपोर्ट 2007-08</a>
                                                    </li>
                                                                                                        <li>
                                                        <a href="https://im4change.in/hindi/hunger/मानव-विकास-सूचकांक-45.html?pgno=13#राष्ट्रीय-मानव-विकास-रिपोर्ट-2001">राष्ट्रीय मानव विकास रिपोर्ट (2001)</a>
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<p>[inside]संयुक्त राष्ट्र विकास कार्यक्रम&nbsp;<span><span><span>(यूएनडीपी)</span></span></span>&nbsp;ने&nbsp;मानव विकास रिपोर्ट 2021-22 जारी की है[/inside]<br />
रिपोर्ट के लिए&nbsp;<span><span><span>कृपया</span></span></span>&nbsp;<a href="/upload/files/HDR%202021-22%20Full%20Report%281%29.pdf" title="/upload/files/HDR%202021-22%20Full%20Report%281%29.pdf">यहाँ</a>, <a href="/upload/files/Press%20Release%20HDR%2021-22%20on%20India%281%29.pdf" title="/upload/files/Press%20Release%20HDR%2021-22%20on%20India%281%29.pdf">यहाँ</a>,<a href="/upload/files/India%20Specific%20country%20data%20_%20Human%20Development%20Report%202021-22%281%29.pdf" title="/upload/files/India%20Specific%20country%20data%20_%20Human%20Development%20Report%202021-22%281%29.pdf"> यहाँ</a>, <a href="/upload/files/Technical%20notes%20hdr2021-22_technical_notes%281%29.pdf" title="/upload/files/Technical%20notes%20hdr2021-22_technical_notes%281%29.pdf">यहाँ </a>और <a href="/upload/files/HDR21-22_Press%20Release%20English%282%29.pdf" title="/upload/files/HDR21-22_Press%20Release%20English%282%29.pdf">यहाँ </a>क्लिक कीजिए.</p>

<p><br />
इस रिपोर्ट का थीम है-<strong> &quot;अनिश्चित समय, अनसुलझा जीवन: बदलती दुनिया में हमारे भविष्य को आकार देना&quot;&nbsp;</strong></p>

<p><br />
मानव विकास<a href="/upload/files/HDR%202021-22%20Full%20Report%282%29.pdf" title="/upload/files/HDR%202021-22%20Full%20Report%282%29.pdf"> रिपोर्ट</a> (HDR) के एक भाग के रूप में मानव विकास सूचकांक (HDI) रहता है. वर्ष 2021 के मानव विकास सूचकांक में विश्व के 191 देशों में भारत ने <a href="https://docs.google.com/spreadsheets/d/1O_Kzjk0qf7gJXoAJvgf9xsaln6BMLZbf/edit?usp=sharing&amp;ouid=112233925171588304692&amp;rtpof=true&amp;sd=true" title="https://docs.google.com/spreadsheets/d/1O_Kzjk0qf7gJXoAJvgf9xsaln6BMLZbf/edit?usp=sharing&amp;ouid=112233925171588304692&amp;rtpof=true&amp;sd=true">132</a> वीं रैंक हासिल की है.</p>

<p>कोविड पूर्व वर्ष 2019 में भारत का मानव विकास सूचकांक मूल्य <a href="https://docs.google.com/spreadsheets/d/1h3G42IZ_vibg02L3aQGx-2UL5dS8zHe_/edit#gid=363141873" title="https://docs.google.com/spreadsheets/d/1h3G42IZ_vibg02L3aQGx-2UL5dS8zHe_/edit#gid=363141873">0.645</a> था जो घटकर 2020 में <a href="https://docs.google.com/spreadsheets/d/1h3G42IZ_vibg02L3aQGx-2UL5dS8zHe_/edit#gid=363141873" title="https://docs.google.com/spreadsheets/d/1h3G42IZ_vibg02L3aQGx-2UL5dS8zHe_/edit#gid=363141873">0.642</a> और 2021 में फिर घटकर <a href="https://docs.google.com/spreadsheets/d/1h3G42IZ_vibg02L3aQGx-2UL5dS8zHe_/edit#gid=363141873" title="https://docs.google.com/spreadsheets/d/1h3G42IZ_vibg02L3aQGx-2UL5dS8zHe_/edit#gid=363141873">0.633 </a>हो गया है.</p>

<p><br />
वर्ष 2021 के लिए वैश्विक मानव विकास सूचकांक मूल्य 0.732 है. वैश्विक मानव विकास सूचकांक मूल्य से भारत का मूल्य 0.099 कम है.</p>

<p><br />
<a href="/upload/files/HDR%202021-22%20Full%20Report%282%29.pdf" title="/upload/files/HDR%202021-22%20Full%20Report%282%29.pdf">रिपोर्ट</a> के अनुसार 90% देशों में वर्ष 2020 या 2021 में मानव विकास सूचकांक मूल्य कम हुआ है. जोकि सतत विकास लक्ष्यों के प्राप्ति में प्रमुख चुनौती हो&nbsp;सकता&nbsp;है.</p>

<p><span><strong><span style="color:#e74c3c">क्या है </span><a href="/upload/files/HDR%202021-22%20Full%20Report%282%29.pdf" title="/upload/files/HDR%202021-22%20Full%20Report%282%29.pdf">रिपोर्ट</a></strong>-</span></p>

<p>वर्ष 1990 से <a href="https://hdr.undp.org/data-center/human-development-index#/indicies/HDI" title="https://hdr.undp.org/data-center/human-development-index#/indicies/HDI">मानव विकास रिपोर्ट</a> जारी की जाती है. जिसका प्राथमिक उद्देश्य मानव विकास को मध्यनजर रखते हुए विश्वभर के देशों का आंकलन करना है.</p>

<blockquote>
<p><br />
मानव विकास सूचकांक चार संकेतकों से मिलकर बनता है-</p>

<p>जन्म के समय जीवन प्रत्याशा --सतत् विकास लक्ष्य 3),<br />
स्कूली शिक्षा के अपेक्षित वर्ष --सतत् विकास लक्ष्य 4.3),<br />
स्कूली शिक्षा के औसत वर्ष --सतत् विकास लक्ष्य 4.4),<br />
सकल राष्ट्रीय आय-GNI--सतत् विकास लक्ष्य 8.5)।</p>
</blockquote>

<p><a href="/upload/files/HDR%202021-22%20Full%20Report%282%29.pdf" title="/upload/files/HDR%202021-22%20Full%20Report%282%29.pdf">रिपोर्ट</a> के प्रमुख बिंदु-</p>

<ul>
	<li>सन् 1990 से 2021 तक भारत के मानव विकास सूचकांक मूल्य में <a href="https://docs.google.com/spreadsheets/d/1h3G42IZ_vibg02L3aQGx-2UL5dS8zHe_/edit?usp=sharing&amp;ouid=112233925171588304692&amp;rtpof=true&amp;sd=true" title="https://docs.google.com/spreadsheets/d/1h3G42IZ_vibg02L3aQGx-2UL5dS8zHe_/edit?usp=sharing&amp;ouid=112233925171588304692&amp;rtpof=true&amp;sd=true">45.85%</a> की वृद्धि हुई है. (<a href="https://docs.google.com/spreadsheets/d/1h3G42IZ_vibg02L3aQGx-2UL5dS8zHe_/edit?usp=sharing&amp;ouid=112233925171588304692&amp;rtpof=true&amp;sd=true" title="https://docs.google.com/spreadsheets/d/1h3G42IZ_vibg02L3aQGx-2UL5dS8zHe_/edit?usp=sharing&amp;ouid=112233925171588304692&amp;rtpof=true&amp;sd=true">0.434 से 0.63</a>3)</li>
	<li>2021 की इस रिपोर्ट में भारत के लोगों की जन्म के समय जीवन प्रत्याशा दर <a href="https://hdr.undp.org/data-center/specific-country-data#/countries/IND" title="https://hdr.undp.org/data-center/specific-country-data#/countries/IND">67.2 </a>वर्ष है. इसी रिपोर्ट के अनुसार अनुमानित स्कूली शिक्षा के वर्ष <a href="https://hdr.undp.org/data-center/specific-country-data#/countries/IND" title="https://hdr.undp.org/data-center/specific-country-data#/countries/IND">11.9 </a>वर्ष. स्कूली शिक्षा के औसत वर्ष <a href="https://hdr.undp.org/data-center/specific-country-data#/countries/IND" title="https://hdr.undp.org/data-center/specific-country-data#/countries/IND">6.7</a> वर्ष.</li>
	<li>वहीं प्रति व्यक्ति सकल राष्ट्रीय आय 6,590 अमेरिकी डॉलर थी।</li>
	<li>भारत ने वर्ष 2021 के लिए 132 वीं रैंक हासिल की है वहीं 2020 में 130 वीं रैंक हासिल की थी.<a href="https://www.im4change.org/news-alerts-57/global-human-development-report-2021-22-hdr-methdology-hdi-human-development-index-undp-rank-score-value.html" title="https://www.im4change.org/news-alerts-57/global-human-development-report-2021-22-hdr-methdology-hdi-human-development-index-undp-rank-score-value.html"> स्मरणीय</a> है एक रिपोर्ट की <a href="https://im4change.org/upload/files/HDR%202021-22%20Comparison%20over%20time%20and%20across%20editions.jpg" title="https://im4change.org/upload/files/HDR%202021-22%20Comparison%20over%20time%20and%20across%20editions.jpg">तुलना</a> दूसरी रिपोर्ट के साथ नहीं की जा सकती है क्योंकि राष्ट्रीय और अंतरराष्ट्रीय संस्थाएं समय-समय पर आंकड़े संशोधित करती रहती हैं.</li>
	<li>लेकिन इसी रिपोर्ट में दी गई <a href="https://docs.google.com/spreadsheets/d/1h3G42IZ_vibg02L3aQGx-2UL5dS8zHe_/edit#gid=363141873" title="https://docs.google.com/spreadsheets/d/1h3G42IZ_vibg02L3aQGx-2UL5dS8zHe_/edit#gid=363141873">टेबल 2</a>, ऐसे आंकड़ों को लेकर बनाई गई है जिनकी तुलना की जा सकती है.&nbsp;</li>
	<li><a href="https://docs.google.com/spreadsheets/d/1h3G42IZ_vibg02L3aQGx-2UL5dS8zHe_/edit#gid=363141873" title="https://docs.google.com/spreadsheets/d/1h3G42IZ_vibg02L3aQGx-2UL5dS8zHe_/edit#gid=363141873">टेबल 2</a> के अनुसार 1990 से लेकर 2021 तक औसत वार्षिक मानव विकास सूचकांक में भारत के लिए वृद्धि <a href="https://docs.google.com/spreadsheets/d/1h3G42IZ_vibg02L3aQGx-2UL5dS8zHe_/edit?usp=sharing&amp;ouid=112233925171588304692&amp;rtpof=true&amp;sd=true" title="https://docs.google.com/spreadsheets/d/1h3G42IZ_vibg02L3aQGx-2UL5dS8zHe_/edit?usp=sharing&amp;ouid=112233925171588304692&amp;rtpof=true&amp;sd=true">1.22%</a> रही वहीं चीन के लिए यह वृद्धि <a href="https://docs.google.com/spreadsheets/d/1h3G42IZ_vibg02L3aQGx-2UL5dS8zHe_/edit?usp=sharing&amp;ouid=112233925171588304692&amp;rtpof=true&amp;sd=true" title="https://docs.google.com/spreadsheets/d/1h3G42IZ_vibg02L3aQGx-2UL5dS8zHe_/edit?usp=sharing&amp;ouid=112233925171588304692&amp;rtpof=true&amp;sd=true">1.50%</a> रही.</li>
	<li>भारत को इस रिपोर्ट में <a href="https://docs.google.com/spreadsheets/d/1O_Kzjk0qf7gJXoAJvgf9xsaln6BMLZbf/edit?usp=sharing&amp;ouid=112233925171588304692&amp;rtpof=true&amp;sd=true" title="https://docs.google.com/spreadsheets/d/1O_Kzjk0qf7gJXoAJvgf9xsaln6BMLZbf/edit?usp=sharing&amp;ouid=112233925171588304692&amp;rtpof=true&amp;sd=true">मध्यम मानव विकास समूह</a> वाले देशों में रखा गया है. परन्तु भारत का मूल्य (<a href="https://docs.google.com/spreadsheets/d/1O_Kzjk0qf7gJXoAJvgf9xsaln6BMLZbf/edit?usp=sharing&amp;ouid=112233925171588304692&amp;rtpof=true&amp;sd=true" title="https://docs.google.com/spreadsheets/d/1O_Kzjk0qf7gJXoAJvgf9xsaln6BMLZbf/edit?usp=sharing&amp;ouid=112233925171588304692&amp;rtpof=true&amp;sd=true">0.633</a>) <em>मध्यम मानव विकास समूह वाले देशों</em> के औसत मूल्य (<a href="https://docs.google.com/spreadsheets/d/1O_Kzjk0qf7gJXoAJvgf9xsaln6BMLZbf/edit?usp=sharing&amp;ouid=112233925171588304692&amp;rtpof=true&amp;sd=true" title="https://docs.google.com/spreadsheets/d/1O_Kzjk0qf7gJXoAJvgf9xsaln6BMLZbf/edit?usp=sharing&amp;ouid=112233925171588304692&amp;rtpof=true&amp;sd=true">0.636</a>) से कम है.</li>
</ul>

<p><strong>रिपोर्ट में मानव विकास सूचकांक के मूल्य को मौजूद असमानता के साथ समायोजित किया जाता है. समायोजन के बाद भारत का एचडीआई स्कोर 25% की गिरावट के साथ 0.475 पर पहुँच गया है.&nbsp;</strong></p>

<p>लैंगिक असमानता सूचकांक- &nbsp;महिला और पुरुष के मानव विकास सूचकांक मूल्यों में अंतर को लैंगिक असमानता अनुपात के रूप में देखते हैं.</p>

<p>वर्ष 2021 में भारत को लैंगिक असमानता सूचकांक में 170 देशों में से <a href="https://docs.google.com/spreadsheets/d/1p32NEI6B4FdTM_uq0S84Wk3EID7Xgbhm/edit?usp=sharing&amp;ouid=112233925171588304692&amp;rtpof=true&amp;sd=true" title="https://docs.google.com/spreadsheets/d/1p32NEI6B4FdTM_uq0S84Wk3EID7Xgbhm/edit?usp=sharing&amp;ouid=112233925171588304692&amp;rtpof=true&amp;sd=true">122 वीं</a> रैंक प्राप्त हुई है. भारत का लैंगिक असमानता सूचकांक मूल्य<a href="https://docs.google.com/spreadsheets/d/1p32NEI6B4FdTM_uq0S84Wk3EID7Xgbhm/edit?usp=sharing&amp;ouid=112233925171588304692&amp;rtpof=true&amp;sd=true" title="https://docs.google.com/spreadsheets/d/1p32NEI6B4FdTM_uq0S84Wk3EID7Xgbhm/edit?usp=sharing&amp;ouid=112233925171588304692&amp;rtpof=true&amp;sd=true"> 0.490</a> था. वहीं चीन का <a href="https://docs.google.com/spreadsheets/d/1p32NEI6B4FdTM_uq0S84Wk3EID7Xgbhm/edit?usp=sharing&amp;ouid=112233925171588304692&amp;rtpof=true&amp;sd=true" title="https://docs.google.com/spreadsheets/d/1p32NEI6B4FdTM_uq0S84Wk3EID7Xgbhm/edit?usp=sharing&amp;ouid=112233925171588304692&amp;rtpof=true&amp;sd=true">0.192,</a> बांग्लादेश का <a href="https://docs.google.com/spreadsheets/d/1p32NEI6B4FdTM_uq0S84Wk3EID7Xgbhm/edit?usp=sharing&amp;ouid=112233925171588304692&amp;rtpof=true&amp;sd=true" title="https://docs.google.com/spreadsheets/d/1p32NEI6B4FdTM_uq0S84Wk3EID7Xgbhm/edit?usp=sharing&amp;ouid=112233925171588304692&amp;rtpof=true&amp;sd=true">0.530</a>, पाकिस्तान का <a href="https://docs.google.com/spreadsheets/d/1p32NEI6B4FdTM_uq0S84Wk3EID7Xgbhm/edit?usp=sharing&amp;ouid=112233925171588304692&amp;rtpof=true&amp;sd=true" title="https://docs.google.com/spreadsheets/d/1p32NEI6B4FdTM_uq0S84Wk3EID7Xgbhm/edit?usp=sharing&amp;ouid=112233925171588304692&amp;rtpof=true&amp;sd=true">0.534.</a> (170 देशों में इनकी रैंक क्रमश:&nbsp;<a href="https://docs.google.com/spreadsheets/d/1p32NEI6B4FdTM_uq0S84Wk3EID7Xgbhm/edit?usp=sharing&amp;ouid=112233925171588304692&amp;rtpof=true&amp;sd=true" title="https://docs.google.com/spreadsheets/d/1p32NEI6B4FdTM_uq0S84Wk3EID7Xgbhm/edit?usp=sharing&amp;ouid=112233925171588304692&amp;rtpof=true&amp;sd=true">48वीं</a>, <a href="https://docs.google.com/spreadsheets/d/1p32NEI6B4FdTM_uq0S84Wk3EID7Xgbhm/edit?usp=sharing&amp;ouid=112233925171588304692&amp;rtpof=true&amp;sd=true" title="https://docs.google.com/spreadsheets/d/1p32NEI6B4FdTM_uq0S84Wk3EID7Xgbhm/edit?usp=sharing&amp;ouid=112233925171588304692&amp;rtpof=true&amp;sd=true">131वीं</a>, <a href="https://docs.google.com/spreadsheets/d/1p32NEI6B4FdTM_uq0S84Wk3EID7Xgbhm/edit?usp=sharing&amp;ouid=112233925171588304692&amp;rtpof=true&amp;sd=true" title="https://docs.google.com/spreadsheets/d/1p32NEI6B4FdTM_uq0S84Wk3EID7Xgbhm/edit?usp=sharing&amp;ouid=112233925171588304692&amp;rtpof=true&amp;sd=true">135वीं</a> )</p>

<p><br />
भारतीय संसद की कुल सीटों में से <a href="https://docs.google.com/spreadsheets/d/1p32NEI6B4FdTM_uq0S84Wk3EID7Xgbhm/edit?usp=sharing&amp;ouid=112233925171588304692&amp;rtpof=true&amp;sd=true" title="https://docs.google.com/spreadsheets/d/1p32NEI6B4FdTM_uq0S84Wk3EID7Xgbhm/edit?usp=sharing&amp;ouid=112233925171588304692&amp;rtpof=true&amp;sd=true">13.4</a> प्रतिशत सीटों पर महिला सदस्य बैठती हैं वहीं चीन में यह आंकड़ा <a href="https://docs.google.com/spreadsheets/d/1p32NEI6B4FdTM_uq0S84Wk3EID7Xgbhm/edit?usp=sharing&amp;ouid=112233925171588304692&amp;rtpof=true&amp;sd=true" title="https://docs.google.com/spreadsheets/d/1p32NEI6B4FdTM_uq0S84Wk3EID7Xgbhm/edit?usp=sharing&amp;ouid=112233925171588304692&amp;rtpof=true&amp;sd=true">24.9%</a> हो जाता है (2021 के आंकड़ों के अनुसार)</p>

<p><br />
2017 से 2020 के दौरान भारत में सैन्य गतिविधियों पर किया गया खर्च सकल&nbsp;घरेलू उत्पाद का <a href="https://docs.google.com/spreadsheets/d/1YPg04t4HaUbeuR6qusmH2_lVbtkjA4ld/edit?usp=sharing&amp;ouid=112233925171588304692&amp;rtpof=true&amp;sd=true" title="https://docs.google.com/spreadsheets/d/1YPg04t4HaUbeuR6qusmH2_lVbtkjA4ld/edit?usp=sharing&amp;ouid=112233925171588304692&amp;rtpof=true&amp;sd=true">2.9%</a> था. इसी समय काल में चीन का <a href="https://docs.google.com/spreadsheets/d/1YPg04t4HaUbeuR6qusmH2_lVbtkjA4ld/edit?usp=sharing&amp;ouid=112233925171588304692&amp;rtpof=true&amp;sd=true" title="https://docs.google.com/spreadsheets/d/1YPg04t4HaUbeuR6qusmH2_lVbtkjA4ld/edit?usp=sharing&amp;ouid=112233925171588304692&amp;rtpof=true&amp;sd=true">1.7%</a>, पाकिस्तान का <a href="https://docs.google.com/spreadsheets/d/1YPg04t4HaUbeuR6qusmH2_lVbtkjA4ld/edit?usp=sharing&amp;ouid=112233925171588304692&amp;rtpof=true&amp;sd=true" title="https://docs.google.com/spreadsheets/d/1YPg04t4HaUbeuR6qusmH2_lVbtkjA4ld/edit?usp=sharing&amp;ouid=112233925171588304692&amp;rtpof=true&amp;sd=true">4.0</a>%, बांग्लादेश का <a href="https://docs.google.com/spreadsheets/d/1YPg04t4HaUbeuR6qusmH2_lVbtkjA4ld/edit?usp=sharing&amp;ouid=112233925171588304692&amp;rtpof=true&amp;sd=true" title="https://docs.google.com/spreadsheets/d/1YPg04t4HaUbeuR6qusmH2_lVbtkjA4ld/edit?usp=sharing&amp;ouid=112233925171588304692&amp;rtpof=true&amp;sd=true">1.3%</a>, श्रीलंका का <a href="https://docs.google.com/spreadsheets/d/1YPg04t4HaUbeuR6qusmH2_lVbtkjA4ld/edit?usp=sharing&amp;ouid=112233925171588304692&amp;rtpof=true&amp;sd=true" title="https://docs.google.com/spreadsheets/d/1YPg04t4HaUbeuR6qusmH2_lVbtkjA4ld/edit?usp=sharing&amp;ouid=112233925171588304692&amp;rtpof=true&amp;sd=true">1.9</a>%, ब्रिटेन का <a href="https://docs.google.com/spreadsheets/d/1YPg04t4HaUbeuR6qusmH2_lVbtkjA4ld/edit?usp=sharing&amp;ouid=112233925171588304692&amp;rtpof=true&amp;sd=true" title="https://docs.google.com/spreadsheets/d/1YPg04t4HaUbeuR6qusmH2_lVbtkjA4ld/edit?usp=sharing&amp;ouid=112233925171588304692&amp;rtpof=true&amp;sd=true">2.2%</a>, संयुक्त राज्य अमेरिका का<a href="https://docs.google.com/spreadsheets/d/1YPg04t4HaUbeuR6qusmH2_lVbtkjA4ld/edit?usp=sharing&amp;ouid=112233925171588304692&amp;rtpof=true&amp;sd=true" title="https://docs.google.com/spreadsheets/d/1YPg04t4HaUbeuR6qusmH2_lVbtkjA4ld/edit?usp=sharing&amp;ouid=112233925171588304692&amp;rtpof=true&amp;sd=true"> 3.7% </a>जीडीपी का भाग सैन्य गतिविधियों पर खर्च किया जाता है.</p>

<p><br />
2021 में भारत की<a href="https://docs.google.com/spreadsheets/d/1p32NEI6B4FdTM_uq0S84Wk3EID7Xgbhm/edit?usp=sharing&amp;ouid=112233925171588304692&amp;rtpof=true&amp;sd=true" title="https://docs.google.com/spreadsheets/d/1p32NEI6B4FdTM_uq0S84Wk3EID7Xgbhm/edit?usp=sharing&amp;ouid=112233925171588304692&amp;rtpof=true&amp;sd=true"> 41.8%</a> वयस्क महिलाओं (25 वर्ष या उससे ऊपर) ने कम से कम माध्यमिक स्तर तक की शिक्षा प्राप्त की थी अगर इसकी तुलना&nbsp;पुरुषों&nbsp;&nbsp;से करें तो पुरुषों में यह आंकड़ा<a href="https://docs.google.com/spreadsheets/d/1p32NEI6B4FdTM_uq0S84Wk3EID7Xgbhm/edit?usp=sharing&amp;ouid=112233925171588304692&amp;rtpof=true&amp;sd=true" title="https://docs.google.com/spreadsheets/d/1p32NEI6B4FdTM_uq0S84Wk3EID7Xgbhm/edit?usp=sharing&amp;ouid=112233925171588304692&amp;rtpof=true&amp;sd=true"> 53.8</a>% पर पहुंच जाता है.</p>

<p><br />
2021 में महिलाओं (15 वर्ष और उससे ऊपर) में श्रम बल भागीदारी दर <a href="https://docs.google.com/spreadsheets/d/1p32NEI6B4FdTM_uq0S84Wk3EID7Xgbhm/edit?usp=sharing&amp;ouid=112233925171588304692&amp;rtpof=true&amp;sd=true" title="https://docs.google.com/spreadsheets/d/1p32NEI6B4FdTM_uq0S84Wk3EID7Xgbhm/edit?usp=sharing&amp;ouid=112233925171588304692&amp;rtpof=true&amp;sd=true">19.3</a> प्रतिशत थी वहीं पुरुषों में श्रम बल भागीदारी दर 70.1% थी.&nbsp;अगर चीन में देखें तो महिलाओं की श्रम बल में भागीदारी दर <a href="https://docs.google.com/spreadsheets/d/1p32NEI6B4FdTM_uq0S84Wk3EID7Xgbhm/edit?usp=sharing&amp;ouid=112233925171588304692&amp;rtpof=true&amp;sd=true" title="https://docs.google.com/spreadsheets/d/1p32NEI6B4FdTM_uq0S84Wk3EID7Xgbhm/edit?usp=sharing&amp;ouid=112233925171588304692&amp;rtpof=true&amp;sd=true">61.6%</a> थी और पुरुषों की <a href="https://docs.google.com/spreadsheets/d/1p32NEI6B4FdTM_uq0S84Wk3EID7Xgbhm/edit?usp=sharing&amp;ouid=112233925171588304692&amp;rtpof=true&amp;sd=true" title="https://docs.google.com/spreadsheets/d/1p32NEI6B4FdTM_uq0S84Wk3EID7Xgbhm/edit?usp=sharing&amp;ouid=112233925171588304692&amp;rtpof=true&amp;sd=true">74.3%.</a></p>

<blockquote>
<p><br />
श्रम बल भागीदारी दर से तात्पर्य 15 वर्ष या उससे ऊपर के ऐसे लोग जो या तो कहीं कार्यरत हैं या फिर रोजगार की तलाश में हैं, का कुल काम करने की उम्र वाले लोगों के साथ अनुपात.&nbsp;यानी श्रम बल भागीदारी दर अर्थव्यवस्था में नौकरियों की मांग को दर्शाता है.</p>
</blockquote>

<p><br />
वर्ष 2017 में प्रति दस लाख जीवित बच्चों के जन्म पर <a href="https://docs.google.com/spreadsheets/d/1p32NEI6B4FdTM_uq0S84Wk3EID7Xgbhm/edit?usp=sharing&amp;ouid=112233925171588304692&amp;rtpof=true&amp;sd=true" title="https://docs.google.com/spreadsheets/d/1p32NEI6B4FdTM_uq0S84Wk3EID7Xgbhm/edit?usp=sharing&amp;ouid=112233925171588304692&amp;rtpof=true&amp;sd=true">135.0 </a>महिलाओं की मृत्यु हुई थी.</p>

<p>वर्ष 2021 में 15 से 18 वर्ष की प्रति 1000 किशोरियों ने <a href="https://docs.google.com/spreadsheets/d/1p32NEI6B4FdTM_uq0S84Wk3EID7Xgbhm/edit?usp=sharing&amp;ouid=112233925171588304692&amp;rtpof=true&amp;sd=true" title="https://docs.google.com/spreadsheets/d/1p32NEI6B4FdTM_uq0S84Wk3EID7Xgbhm/edit?usp=sharing&amp;ouid=112233925171588304692&amp;rtpof=true&amp;sd=true">17.2</a> बच्चों को जन्म दिया था.मानव के विकास में पर्यावरण भी एक प्रमुख कारक है इसलिए मानव विकास रिपोर्ट में&nbsp;&nbsp;&quot;प्लेनेटरी प्रेशर एडजस्ट एचडीआई&quot; (P-HDI) की घोषणा की जाती है. वर्ष 2021 में भारत के लिए इसका (P-HDI) मान <a href="https://hdr.undp.org/data-center/specific-country-data#/countries/IND" title="https://hdr.undp.org/data-center/specific-country-data#/countries/IND">0.609</a> था.</p>

<p><br />
<span style="color:#e74c3c"><strong><span>गरीबी और असमानता</span></strong></span></p>

<p>भारत में पिछले दशक में बहुआयामी गरीबी को कम करने में बेहतरीन काम किया है. भारत का हेड काउंट अनुपात (Head Count Ratio- HCR) 2015&ndash;16 में <a href="https://docs.google.com/spreadsheets/d/1a4-k-z1_cQmvpFfbwgDd-9fD-rUGpLl4/edit?usp=sharing&amp;ouid=112233925171588304692&amp;rtpof=true&amp;sd=true" title="https://docs.google.com/spreadsheets/d/1a4-k-z1_cQmvpFfbwgDd-9fD-rUGpLl4/edit?usp=sharing&amp;ouid=112233925171588304692&amp;rtpof=true&amp;sd=true">27.9%</a> की कमी हुई थी.</p>

<p><br />
<em>समाज में गरीबी या गरीबी रेखा से नीचे रहने वाले लोगों को दर्शाने के लिए <strong>हेड काउंट अनुपात</strong> का प्रयोग किया जाता है.</em>&nbsp;</p>

<p>भारत में बहुआयामी गरीबी का हेड काउंट अनुपात आय के हेड काउंट अनुपात से 6% पॉइंट अधिक है. तात्पर्य है गरीबी रेखा से ऊपर जीवन जीने वाला व्यक्ति भी स्वास्थ्य, शिक्षा या किसी अन्य मापदंड में विचलन प्राप्त करता होगा.<br />
2005&ndash;06 से 2015&ndash;16 के बीच बहुआयामी गरीबों की संख्या में <a href="https://docs.google.com/spreadsheets/d/1a4-k-z1_cQmvpFfbwgDd-9fD-rUGpLl4/edit?usp=sharing&amp;ouid=112233925171588304692&amp;rtpof=true&amp;sd=true" title="https://docs.google.com/spreadsheets/d/1a4-k-z1_cQmvpFfbwgDd-9fD-rUGpLl4/edit?usp=sharing&amp;ouid=112233925171588304692&amp;rtpof=true&amp;sd=true">273</a> मिलियन की कमी आई थी.</p>

<p>2015-16 में बहुआयामी गरीबी इंडेक्स का मान अनुसूचित जनजाति के लिए<a href="https://docs.google.com/spreadsheets/d/1nfEWe4SSeIRAGrHQs3HMCy1DGOZ8RU6b/edit?usp=sharing&amp;ouid=112233925171588304692&amp;rtpof=true&amp;sd=true" title="https://docs.google.com/spreadsheets/d/1nfEWe4SSeIRAGrHQs3HMCy1DGOZ8RU6b/edit?usp=sharing&amp;ouid=112233925171588304692&amp;rtpof=true&amp;sd=true"> 0.232,</a> अनुसूचित जाति के लिए <a href="https://docs.google.com/spreadsheets/d/1nfEWe4SSeIRAGrHQs3HMCy1DGOZ8RU6b/edit?usp=sharing&amp;ouid=112233925171588304692&amp;rtpof=true&amp;sd=true" title="https://docs.google.com/spreadsheets/d/1nfEWe4SSeIRAGrHQs3HMCy1DGOZ8RU6b/edit?usp=sharing&amp;ouid=112233925171588304692&amp;rtpof=true&amp;sd=true">0.147, </a>अन्य पिछड़ा वर्ग के लिए <a href="https://docs.google.com/spreadsheets/d/1nfEWe4SSeIRAGrHQs3HMCy1DGOZ8RU6b/edit?usp=sharing&amp;ouid=112233925171588304692&amp;rtpof=true&amp;sd=true" title="https://docs.google.com/spreadsheets/d/1nfEWe4SSeIRAGrHQs3HMCy1DGOZ8RU6b/edit?usp=sharing&amp;ouid=112233925171588304692&amp;rtpof=true&amp;sd=true">0.118</a>, इन तीनों श्रेणियों से इतर वाले समूह के लिए <a href="https://docs.google.com/spreadsheets/d/1nfEWe4SSeIRAGrHQs3HMCy1DGOZ8RU6b/edit?usp=sharing&amp;ouid=112233925171588304692&amp;rtpof=true&amp;sd=true" title="https://docs.google.com/spreadsheets/d/1nfEWe4SSeIRAGrHQs3HMCy1DGOZ8RU6b/edit?usp=sharing&amp;ouid=112233925171588304692&amp;rtpof=true&amp;sd=true">0.066,</a> ना ही कोई जाति और ना ही किसी जनजाति के लिए <a href="https://docs.google.com/spreadsheets/d/1nfEWe4SSeIRAGrHQs3HMCy1DGOZ8RU6b/edit?usp=sharing&amp;ouid=112233925171588304692&amp;rtpof=true&amp;sd=true" title="https://docs.google.com/spreadsheets/d/1nfEWe4SSeIRAGrHQs3HMCy1DGOZ8RU6b/edit?usp=sharing&amp;ouid=112233925171588304692&amp;rtpof=true&amp;sd=true">0.093</a> था.<br />
2010 से 2021 के बीच में गिनी गुणांक का मान भारत के लिए <a href="https://docs.google.com/spreadsheets/d/1P6AJpEKdwQipQGywkezk6JEXQq7qtmM0/edit?usp=sharing&amp;ouid=112233925171588304692&amp;rtpof=true&amp;sd=true" title="https://docs.google.com/spreadsheets/d/1P6AJpEKdwQipQGywkezk6JEXQq7qtmM0/edit?usp=sharing&amp;ouid=112233925171588304692&amp;rtpof=true&amp;sd=true">35.7</a>, चीन के लिए <a href="https://docs.google.com/spreadsheets/d/1P6AJpEKdwQipQGywkezk6JEXQq7qtmM0/edit?usp=sharing&amp;ouid=112233925171588304692&amp;rtpof=true&amp;sd=true" title="https://docs.google.com/spreadsheets/d/1P6AJpEKdwQipQGywkezk6JEXQq7qtmM0/edit?usp=sharing&amp;ouid=112233925171588304692&amp;rtpof=true&amp;sd=true">38.2</a>, बांग्लादेश के लिए <a href="https://docs.google.com/spreadsheets/d/1P6AJpEKdwQipQGywkezk6JEXQq7qtmM0/edit?usp=sharing&amp;ouid=112233925171588304692&amp;rtpof=true&amp;sd=true" title="https://docs.google.com/spreadsheets/d/1P6AJpEKdwQipQGywkezk6JEXQq7qtmM0/edit?usp=sharing&amp;ouid=112233925171588304692&amp;rtpof=true&amp;sd=true">32.4</a>, पाकिस्तान के लिए <a href="https://docs.google.com/spreadsheets/d/1P6AJpEKdwQipQGywkezk6JEXQq7qtmM0/edit?usp=sharing&amp;ouid=112233925171588304692&amp;rtpof=true&amp;sd=true" title="https://docs.google.com/spreadsheets/d/1P6AJpEKdwQipQGywkezk6JEXQq7qtmM0/edit?usp=sharing&amp;ouid=112233925171588304692&amp;rtpof=true&amp;sd=true">29.6</a>, श्रीलंका के लिए <a href="https://docs.google.com/spreadsheets/d/1P6AJpEKdwQipQGywkezk6JEXQq7qtmM0/edit?usp=sharing&amp;ouid=112233925171588304692&amp;rtpof=true&amp;sd=true" title="https://docs.google.com/spreadsheets/d/1P6AJpEKdwQipQGywkezk6JEXQq7qtmM0/edit?usp=sharing&amp;ouid=112233925171588304692&amp;rtpof=true&amp;sd=true">39.3</a> और भूटान के लिए <a href="https://docs.google.com/spreadsheets/d/1P6AJpEKdwQipQGywkezk6JEXQq7qtmM0/edit?usp=sharing&amp;ouid=112233925171588304692&amp;rtpof=true&amp;sd=true" title="https://docs.google.com/spreadsheets/d/1P6AJpEKdwQipQGywkezk6JEXQq7qtmM0/edit?usp=sharing&amp;ouid=112233925171588304692&amp;rtpof=true&amp;sd=true">37.4</a> था.गिनी गुणांक में जीरो से लेकर 100 तक <strong>असमानता</strong> को मापा जाता है.</p>

<p><u><em>गिनी गुणांक में जीरो मान&nbsp;का मतलब पूरी तरह से समानता होता है.</em></u></p>

<p><br />
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मानव विकास सूचकांक

What's Inside संयुक्त राष्ट्र विकास कार्यक्रम (यूएनडीपी) ने जारी की मानव विकास रिपोर्ट 2023-24 , पढ़ें इसकी खास बातें संयुक्त राष्ट्र विकास कार्यक्रम (यूएनडीपी) ने मानव विकास रिपोर्ट 2021-22 जारी की है मानव विकास रिपोर्ट 2020: द नेक्सट फर्न्टियर – ह्युमन डेवलपमेंट एंड द मानव विकास और एंथ्रोप्रसीन (दिसंबर 2020 में जारी) मानव विकास रिपोर्ट 2019 मानव विकास सूचकांक और संकेतक: 2018 मानव विकास रिपोर्ट 2016 ह्युमन डेवलपमेंट रिपोर्ट 2015: वर्क फॉर ह्यूमन डेवलपमेंट मानव विकास रिपोर्ट 2014 मानव विकास रिपोर्ट-2013: "द राइज़ ऑफ़ द साउथ: ह्यूमन प्रोग्रेस इन अ डाइवर्स वर्ल्ड" योजना आयोग द्वारा जारी गरीबी संबंधी आकलन(2009-10) More ह्यूमन डेवलपमेंट रिपोर्ट 2011- सस्टेनेबेलिटी एंड इक्यूटी:अ बेटर फ्यूचर फॉर ऑल मानव विकास रिपोर्ट – 2010 मानव विकास रिपोर्ट 2007-08 राष्ट्रीय मानव विकास रिपोर्ट (2001) योजना आयोग द्वारा प्रस्तुत ग्यारहवीं पंचवर्षीय योजना के दस्तावेज के अनुसार Less [inside]संयुक्त राष्ट्र विकास कार्यक्रम (यूएनडीपी) ने मानव विकास रिपोर्ट 2021-22 जारी की है[/inside] रिपोर्ट के लिए कृपया यहाँ, यहाँ, यहाँ, यहाँ और यहाँ क्लिक कीजिए. इस रिपोर्ट का थीम है- "अनिश्चित समय, अनसुलझा जीवन: बदलती दुनिया में हमारे भविष्य को आकार देना"  मानव विकास रिपोर्ट (HDR) के एक भाग के रूप में मानव विकास सूचकांक (HDI) रहता है. वर्ष 2021 के मानव विकास सूचकांक में विश्व के 191 देशों में भारत ने 132 वीं रैंक हासिल की है. कोविड पूर्व वर्ष 2019 में भारत का मानव विकास सूचकांक मूल्य 0.645 था जो घटकर 2020 में 0.642 और 2021 में फिर घटकर 0.633 हो गया है. वर्ष 2021 के लिए वैश्विक मानव विकास सूचकांक मूल्य 0.732 है. वैश्विक मानव विकास सूचकांक मूल्य से भारत का मूल्य 0.099 कम है. रिपोर्ट के अनुसार 90% देशों में वर्ष 2020 या 2021 में मानव विकास सूचकांक मूल्य कम हुआ है. जोकि सतत विकास लक्ष्यों के प्राप्ति में प्रमुख चुनौती हो सकता है. क्या है रिपोर्ट- वर्ष 1990 से मानव विकास रिपोर्ट जारी की जाती है. जिसका प्राथमिक उद्देश्य मानव विकास को मध्यनजर रखते हुए विश्वभर के देशों का आंकलन करना है. मानव विकास सूचकांक चार संकेतकों से मिलकर बनता है- जन्म के समय जीवन प्रत्याशा --सतत् विकास लक्ष्य 3), स्कूली शिक्षा के अपेक्षित वर्ष --सतत् विकास लक्ष्य 4.3), स्कूली शिक्षा के औसत वर्ष --सतत् विकास लक्ष्य 4.4), सकल राष्ट्रीय आय-GNI--सतत् विकास लक्ष्य 8.5)। रिपोर्ट के प्रमुख बिंदु- सन् 1990 से 2021 तक भारत के मानव विकास सूचकांक मूल्य में 45.85% की वृद्धि हुई है. (0.434 से 0.633) 2021 की इस रिपोर्ट में भारत के लोगों की जन्म के समय जीवन प्रत्याशा दर 67.2 वर्ष है. इसी रिपोर्ट के अनुसार अनुमानित स्कूली शिक्षा के वर्ष 11.9 वर्ष. स्कूली शिक्षा के औसत वर्ष 6.7 वर्ष. वहीं प्रति व्यक्ति सकल राष्ट्रीय आय 6,590 अमेरिकी डॉलर थी। भारत ने वर्ष 2021 के लिए 132 वीं रैंक हासिल की है वहीं 2020 में 130 वीं रैंक हासिल की थी. स्मरणीय है एक रिपोर्ट की तुलना दूसरी रिपोर्ट के साथ नहीं की जा सकती है क्योंकि राष्ट्रीय और अंतरराष्ट्रीय संस्थाएं समय-समय पर आंकड़े संशोधित करती रहती हैं. लेकिन इसी रिपोर्ट में दी गई टेबल 2, ऐसे आंकड़ों को लेकर बनाई गई है जिनकी तुलना की जा सकती है.  टेबल 2 के अनुसार 1990 से लेकर 2021 तक औसत वार्षिक मानव विकास सूचकांक में भारत के लिए वृद्धि 1.22% रही वहीं चीन के लिए यह वृद्धि 1.50% रही. भारत को इस रिपोर्ट में मध्यम मानव विकास समूह वाले देशों में रखा गया है. परन्तु भारत का मूल्य (0.633) मध्यम मानव विकास समूह वाले देशों के औसत मूल्य (0.636) से कम है. रिपोर्ट में मानव विकास सूचकांक के मूल्य को मौजूद असमानता के साथ समायोजित किया जाता है. समायोजन के बाद भारत का एचडीआई स्कोर 25% की गिरावट के साथ 0.475 पर पहुँच गया है.  लैंगिक असमानता सूचकांक-  महिला और पुरुष के मानव विकास सूचकांक मूल्यों में अंतर को लैंगिक असमानता अनुपात के रूप में देखते हैं. वर्ष 2021 में भारत को लैंगिक असमानता सूचकांक में 170 देशों में से 122 वीं रैंक प्राप्त हुई है. भारत का लैंगिक असमानता सूचकांक मूल्य 0.490 था. वहीं चीन का 0.192, बांग्लादेश का 0.530, पाकिस्तान का 0.534. (170 देशों में इनकी रैंक क्रमश: 48वीं, 131वीं, 135वीं ) भारतीय संसद की कुल सीटों में से 13.4 प्रतिशत सीटों पर महिला सदस्य बैठती हैं वहीं चीन में यह आंकड़ा 24.9% हो जाता है (2021 के आंकड़ों के अनुसार) 2017 से 2020 के दौरान भारत में सैन्य गतिविधियों पर किया गया खर्च सकल घरेलू उत्पाद का 2.9% था. इसी समय काल में चीन का 1.7%, पाकिस्तान का 4.0%, बांग्लादेश का 1.3%, श्रीलंका का 1.9%, ब्रिटेन का 2.2%, संयुक्त राज्य अमेरिका का 3.7% जीडीपी का भाग सैन्य गतिविधियों पर खर्च किया जाता है. 2021 में भारत की 41.8% वयस्क महिलाओं (25 वर्ष या उससे ऊपर) ने कम से कम माध्यमिक स्तर तक की शिक्षा प्राप्त की थी अगर इसकी तुलना पुरुषों  से करें तो पुरुषों में यह आंकड़ा 53.8% पर पहुंच जाता है. 2021 में महिलाओं (15 वर्ष और उससे ऊपर) में श्रम बल भागीदारी दर 19.3 प्रतिशत थी वहीं पुरुषों में श्रम बल भागीदारी दर 70.1% थी. अगर चीन में देखें तो महिलाओं की श्रम बल में भागीदारी दर 61.6% थी और पुरुषों की 74.3%. श्रम बल भागीदारी दर से तात्पर्य 15 वर्ष या उससे ऊपर के ऐसे लोग जो या तो कहीं कार्यरत हैं या फिर रोजगार की तलाश में हैं, का कुल काम करने की उम्र वाले लोगों के साथ अनुपात. यानी श्रम बल भागीदारी दर अर्थव्यवस्था में नौकरियों की मांग को दर्शाता है. वर्ष 2017 में प्रति दस लाख जीवित बच्चों के जन्म पर 135.0 महिलाओं की मृत्यु हुई थी. वर्ष 2021 में 15 से 18 वर्ष की प्रति 1000 किशोरियों ने 17.2 बच्चों को जन्म दिया था.मानव के विकास में पर्यावरण भी एक प्रमुख कारक है इसलिए मानव विकास रिपोर्ट में  "प्लेनेटरी प्रेशर एडजस्ट एचडीआई" (P-HDI) की घोषणा की जाती है. वर्ष 2021 में भारत के लिए इसका (P-HDI) मान 0.609 था. गरीबी और असमानता भारत में पिछले दशक में बहुआयामी गरीबी को कम करने में बेहतरीन काम किया है. भारत का हेड काउंट अनुपात (Head Count Ratio- HCR) 2015–16 में 27.9% की कमी हुई थी. समाज में गरीबी या गरीबी रेखा से नीचे रहने वाले लोगों को दर्शाने के लिए हेड काउंट अनुपात का प्रयोग किया जाता है.  भारत में बहुआयामी गरीबी का हेड काउंट अनुपात आय के हेड काउंट अनुपात से 6% पॉइंट अधिक है. तात्पर्य है गरीबी रेखा से ऊपर जीवन जीने वाला व्यक्ति भी स्वास्थ्य, शिक्षा या किसी अन्य मापदंड में विचलन प्राप्त करता होगा. 2005–06 से 2015–16 के बीच बहुआयामी गरीबों की संख्या में 273 मिलियन की कमी आई थी. 2015-16 में बहुआयामी गरीबी इंडेक्स का मान अनुसूचित जनजाति के लिए 0.232, अनुसूचित जाति के लिए 0.147, अन्य पिछड़ा वर्ग के लिए 0.118, इन तीनों श्रेणियों से इतर वाले समूह के लिए 0.066, ना ही कोई जाति और ना ही किसी जनजाति के लिए 0.093 था. 2010 से 2021 के बीच में गिनी गुणांक का मान भारत के लिए 35.7, चीन के लिए 38.2, बांग्लादेश के लिए 32.4, पाकिस्तान के लिए 29.6, श्रीलंका के लिए 39.3 और भूटान के लिए 37.4 था.गिनी गुणांक में जीरो से लेकर 100 तक असमानता को मापा जाता है. गिनी गुणांक में जीरो मान का मतलब पूरी तरह से समानता होता है. « previous1234567891011121314next »

 

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