Deprecated (16384): The ArrayAccess methods will be removed in 4.0.0.Use getParam(), getData() and getQuery() instead. - /home/brlfuser/public_html/src/Controller/ArtileDetailController.php, line: 150
 You can disable deprecation warnings by setting `Error.errorLevel` to `E_ALL & ~E_USER_DEPRECATED` in your config/app.php. [CORE/src/Core/functions.php, line 311]
Code Context


        trigger_error($message, E_USER_DEPRECATED);

    }
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 You can disable deprecation warnings by setting `Error.errorLevel` to `E_ALL & ~E_USER_DEPRECATED` in your config/app.php.'
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deprecationWarning - CORE/src/Core/functions.php, line 311
Cake\Http\ServerRequest::offsetGet() - CORE/src/Http/ServerRequest.php, line 2421
App\Controller\ArtileDetailController::index() - APP/Controller/ArtileDetailController.php, line 150
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Cake\Http\ActionDispatcher::_invoke() - CORE/src/Http/ActionDispatcher.php, line 120
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Cake\Http\Runner::__invoke() - CORE/src/Http/Runner.php, line 65
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Cake\Http\Runner::__invoke() - CORE/src/Http/Runner.php, line 65
Cake\Http\Runner::run() - CORE/src/Http/Runner.php, line 51
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Deprecated (16384): The ArrayAccess methods will be removed in 4.0.0.Use getParam(), getData() and getQuery() instead. - /home/brlfuser/public_html/src/Controller/ArtileDetailController.php, line: 151
 You can disable deprecation warnings by setting `Error.errorLevel` to `E_ALL & ~E_USER_DEPRECATED` in your config/app.php. [CORE/src/Core/functions.php, line 311]
Code Context


        trigger_error($message, E_USER_DEPRECATED);

    }
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 You can disable deprecation warnings by setting `Error.errorLevel` to `E_ALL & ~E_USER_DEPRECATED` in your config/app.php.'
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deprecationWarning - CORE/src/Core/functions.php, line 311
Cake\Http\ServerRequest::offsetGet() - CORE/src/Http/ServerRequest.php, line 2421
App\Controller\ArtileDetailController::index() - APP/Controller/ArtileDetailController.php, line 151
Cake\Controller\Controller::invokeAction() - CORE/src/Controller/Controller.php, line 610
Cake\Http\ActionDispatcher::_invoke() - CORE/src/Http/ActionDispatcher.php, line 120
Cake\Http\ActionDispatcher::dispatch() - CORE/src/Http/ActionDispatcher.php, line 94
Cake\Http\BaseApplication::__invoke() - CORE/src/Http/BaseApplication.php, line 235
Cake\Http\Runner::__invoke() - CORE/src/Http/Runner.php, line 65
Cake\Routing\Middleware\RoutingMiddleware::__invoke() - CORE/src/Routing/Middleware/RoutingMiddleware.php, line 162
Cake\Http\Runner::__invoke() - CORE/src/Http/Runner.php, line 65
Cake\Routing\Middleware\AssetMiddleware::__invoke() - CORE/src/Routing/Middleware/AssetMiddleware.php, line 97
Cake\Http\Runner::__invoke() - CORE/src/Http/Runner.php, line 65
Cake\Error\Middleware\ErrorHandlerMiddleware::__invoke() - CORE/src/Error/Middleware/ErrorHandlerMiddleware.php, line 96
Cake\Http\Runner::__invoke() - CORE/src/Http/Runner.php, line 65
Cake\Http\Runner::run() - CORE/src/Http/Runner.php, line 51
Cake\Http\Server::run() - CORE/src/Http/Server.php, line 98

Warning (512): Unable to emit headers. Headers sent in file=/home/brlfuser/public_html/vendor/cakephp/cakephp/src/Error/Debugger.php line=853 [CORE/src/Http/ResponseEmitter.php, line 48]
Code Context
            if (Configure::read('debug')) {

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        Hunger / HDI | Poverty and inequality    </title>
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&bull; Oxfam India&#39;s 2023 India Supplement report on poverty and inequality in India&nbsp;reveals that the gap between the rich and the poor is widening. Following the pandemic in 2019, the bottom 50 per cent of the population have continued..."/>
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                                            <h2 style="font-weight: bold; font-size: 13px;">What's Inside</h2>
                                            <ul class="whatsinside">
                                                                                                    <li>
                                                        <a href="https://im4change.in/hunger-hdi/poverty-and-inequality-20499.html?pgno=2#poverty-and-shared-prosperity-2022-correcting-course-released-in-october-2022">Poverty and Shared Prosperity 2022: Correcting Course (released in October 2022)</a>
                                                    </li>
                                                                                                        <li>
                                                        <a href="https://im4change.in/hunger-hdi/poverty-and-inequality-20499.html?pgno=2#malcolm-adiseshiah-memorial-lecturenbsptitled-39understanding-inequality39-released-in-2022-delivered-by-prof-reetika-khera">Malcolm Adiseshiah Memorial Lecture&nbsp;titled &#39;Understanding Inequality&#39; (released in 2022) delivered by Prof. Reetika Khera</a>
                                                    </li>
                                                                                                        <li>
                                                        <a href="https://im4change.in/hunger-hdi/poverty-and-inequality-20499.html?pgno=2#inequality-kills-released-in-january-2022">Inequality Kills (released in January 2022)</a>
                                                    </li>
                                                                                                        <li>
                                                        <a href="https://im4change.in/hunger-hdi/poverty-and-inequality-20499.html?pgno=2#inequality-kills-india-supplement-released-in-january-2022">Inequality Kills -- India Supplement (released in January 2022)</a>
                                                    </li>
                                                                                                        <li>
                                                        <a href="https://im4change.in/hunger-hdi/poverty-and-inequality-20499.html?pgno=3#world-inequality-report-2022-released-on-7-december-2021">World Inequality Report 2022 (released on 7 December, 2021)</a>
                                                    </li>
                                                                                                        <li>
                                                        <a href="https://im4change.in/hunger-hdi/poverty-and-inequality-20499.html?pgno=3#the-pandemic-stalls-growth-in-the-global-middle-class-pushes-poverty-up-sharply-released-on-march-18th-2021">The Pandemic Stalls Growth in the Global Middle Class, Pushes Poverty Up Sharply (released on March 18th, 2021)</a>
                                                    </li>
                                                                                                        <li>
                                                        <a href="https://im4change.in/hunger-hdi/poverty-and-inequality-20499.html?pgno=4#nss-77th-round-report-titled-all-india-debt-and-investment-survey-2019-january-december-2019-released-in-september-2021">NSS 77th Round Report titled All India Debt and Investment Survey 2019, January-December 2019 (released in September 2021)</a>
                                                    </li>
                                                                                                        <li>
                                                        <a href="https://im4change.in/hunger-hdi/poverty-and-inequality-20499.html?pgno=5#global-economic-prospects-gep-released-in-january-2021">Global Economic Prospects (GEP) (released in January 2021)</a>
                                                    </li>
                                                                                                        <li>
                                                        <a href="https://im4change.in/hunger-hdi/poverty-and-inequality-20499.html?pgno=5#global-multidimensional-poverty-index-2020-released-in-july-2020">Global Multidimensional Poverty Index 2020 (released in July 2020)</a>
                                                    </li>
                                                                                                        <li>
                                                        <a href="https://im4change.in/hunger-hdi/poverty-and-inequality-20499.html?pgno=5#global-multidimensional-poverty-index-2019-illuminating-inequalities-released-in-july-2019">Global Multidimensional Poverty Index 2019: Illuminating Inequalities (released in July, 2019)</a>
                                                    </li>
                                                                                                </ul>
                                                                                            <div><a href="javascript:void(0)" id="morewhatsinsidelink" onClick="javascript:$('#morewhatsinside').show();$('#morewhatsinsidelink').hide();$('#lesswhatsinsidelink').show();">More</a></div>
                                                                                            <ul class="whatsinside" id="morewhatsinside" style="display:none">
                                                                                                    <li>
                                                        <a href="https://im4change.in/hunger-hdi/poverty-and-inequality-20499.html?pgno=6#wealth-inequality-class-and-caste-in-india-1961-2012">Wealth Inequality, Class and Caste in India 1961-2012</a>
                                                    </li>
                                                                                                        <li>
                                                        <a href="https://im4change.in/hunger-hdi/poverty-and-inequality-20499.html?pgno=7#global-mpi-2018-report">Global MPI 2018 report</a>
                                                    </li>
                                                                                                        <li>
                                                        <a href="https://im4change.in/hunger-hdi/poverty-and-inequality-20499.html?pgno=8#ending-extreme-poverty-sharing-prosperity-progress-and-policies-released-in-october-2015">Ending Extreme Poverty, Sharing Prosperity: Progress and Policies (released in October 2015)</a>
                                                    </li>
                                                                                                        <li>
                                                        <a href="https://im4change.in/hunger-hdi/poverty-and-inequality-20499.html?pgno=9#socio-economic-and-caste-census-2011-released-in-july-2015">Socio Economic and Caste Census 2011 (released in July 2015)</a>
                                                    </li>
                                                                                                        <li>
                                                        <a href="https://im4change.in/hunger-hdi/poverty-and-inequality-20499.html?pgno=10#household-consumer-expenditure-across-socio-economic-groups-2011-12-published-in-february-2015">Household Consumer Expenditure across Socio-Economic Groups 2011-12 (published in February 2015) </a>
                                                    </li>
                                                                                                        <li>
                                                        <a href="https://im4change.in/hunger-hdi/poverty-and-inequality-20499.html?pgno=11#addressing-inequality-in-south-asia-published-in-january-2015">Addressing Inequality in South Asia (published in January 2015)</a>
                                                    </li>
                                                                                                        <li>
                                                        <a href="https://im4change.in/hunger-hdi/poverty-and-inequality-20499.html?pgno=12#rangarajan-committee-report-on-measurement-of-poverty-2014">Rangarajan Committee Report on Measurement of Poverty 2014</a>
                                                    </li>
                                                                                                        <li>
                                                        <a href="https://im4change.in/hunger-hdi/poverty-and-inequality-20499.html?pgno=13#global-multidimensional-poverty-index-mpi-2014">Global Multidimensional Poverty Index (MPI) 2014</a>
                                                    </li>
                                                                                                        <li>
                                                        <a href="https://im4change.in/hunger-hdi/poverty-and-inequality-20499.html?pgno=14#humanity-divided-confronting-inequality-in-developing-countries-undp-january-2014">Humanity divided: Confronting inequality in Developing Countries, UNDP (January, 2014)</a>
                                                    </li>
                                                                                                        <li>
                                                        <a href="https://im4change.in/hunger-hdi/poverty-and-inequality-20499.html?pgno=14#from-poverty-to-empowerment-indiarsquos-imperative-for-jobs-growth-and-effective-basic-services-2014">From poverty to empowerment: India&rsquo;s imperative for jobs, growth, and effective basic services (2014)</a>
                                                    </li>
                                                                                                        <li>
                                                        <a href="https://im4change.in/hunger-hdi/poverty-and-inequality-20499.html?pgno=15#key-indicators-of-urban-slums-in-india-july-2012-to-december-2012">Key Indicators of Urban Slums in India (July 2012 to December 2012)</a>
                                                    </li>
                                                                                                        <li>
                                                        <a href="https://im4change.in/hunger-hdi/poverty-and-inequality-20499.html?pgno=15#appraisal-of-bpl-criteria">Appraisal of BPL Criteria</a>
                                                    </li>
                                                                                                        <li>
                                                        <a href="https://im4change.in/hunger-hdi/poverty-and-inequality-20499.html?pgno=15#press-note-on-poverty-estimates-2011-12">Press Note on Poverty Estimates, 2011-12</a>
                                                    </li>
                                                                                                        <li>
                                                        <a href="https://im4change.in/hunger-hdi/poverty-and-inequality-20499.html?pgno=16#key-indicators-of-household-consumer-expenditure-in-india-68th-round-nss-2011-12">Key Indicators of Household Consumer Expenditure in India: 68th round NSS (2011-12)</a>
                                                    </li>
                                                                                                        <li>
                                                        <a href="https://im4change.in/hunger-hdi/poverty-and-inequality-20499.html?pgno=17#the-state-of-the-poor-where-are-the-poor-and-where-are-the-poorest-2013">&quot;The State of the Poor: Where are the Poor and Where are the Poorest?&quot; (2013)</a>
                                                    </li>
                                                                                                        <li>
                                                        <a href="https://im4change.in/hunger-hdi/poverty-and-inequality-20499.html?pgno=17#report-of-the-expert-group-to-recommend-the-detailed-methodology-for-identification-of-families-living-below-poverty-line-in-the-urban-areas">Report of the Expert Group to Recommend the Detailed Methodology for Identification of Families Living below Poverty Line in the Urban Areas</a>
                                                    </li>
                                                                                                        <li>
                                                        <a href="https://im4change.in/hunger-hdi/poverty-and-inequality-20499.html?pgno=18#press-note-on-poverty-estimates-2009-10">Press Note on Poverty Estimates, 2009-10</a>
                                                    </li>
                                                                                                        <li>
                                                        <a href="https://im4change.in/hunger-hdi/poverty-and-inequality-20499.html?pgno=19#born-equal-how-reducing-inequality-could-give-our-children-a-better-future-2012">Born Equal: How reducing inequality could give our children a better future (2012)</a>
                                                    </li>
                                                                                                        <li>
                                                        <a href="https://im4change.in/hunger-hdi/poverty-and-inequality-20499.html?pgno=20#unctad-2012-report-entitled-policies-for-inclusive-and-balanced-growth">UNCTAD 2012 report entitled Policies for Inclusive and Balanced Growth</a>
                                                    </li>
                                                                                                        <li>
                                                        <a href="https://im4change.in/hunger-hdi/poverty-and-inequality-20499.html?pgno=21#asian-development-outlook-2012-confronting-rising-inequality-in-asia">Asian Development Outlook 2012: Confronting Rising Inequality in Asia</a>
                                                    </li>
                                                                                                        <li>
                                                        <a href="https://im4change.in/hunger-hdi/poverty-and-inequality-20499.html?pgno=22#suresh-tendulkar-committee-report-on-poverty">Suresh Tendulkar Committee Report on poverty</a>
                                                    </li>
                                                                                                        <li>
                                                        <a href="https://im4change.in/hunger-hdi/poverty-and-inequality-20499.html?pgno=22#11th-five-year-plan-of-the-planning-commission">11th Five-Year Plan of the Planning Commission</a>
                                                    </li>
                                                                                                </ul>
                                            <div><a style="display:none" href="javascript:void(0)" id="lesswhatsinsidelink" onClick="javascript:$('#morewhatsinside').hide();$('#morewhatsinsidelink').show();$('#lesswhatsinsidelink').hide();">Less</a></div>
                                                                                    </div>
                                    </div>
                                </div>
                            </div>
                                                    <div>
                            </p><div style="text-align:justify">Please <a href="https://www.im4change.org/upload/files/Global%20Economic%20Prospect%20World%20Bank%20Jan%202021.pdf" title="https://www.im4change.org/upload/files/Global%20Economic%20Prospect%20World%20Bank%20Jan%202021.pdf">click here</a> to read the World Bank flagship report entitled <a name="global-economic-prospects-gep-released-in-january-2021">Global Economic Prospects (GEP) (released in January 2021)</a>.</div><div style="text-align:justify"><strong>---</strong></div><div style="text-align:justify">&nbsp;</div><div style="text-align:justify">Please click <a href="https://www.im4change.org/news-alerts-57/sustained-efforts-required-to-reduce-multidimensional-poverty-amidst-pandemic.html" title="https://www.im4change.org/news-alerts-57/sustained-efforts-required-to-reduce-multidimensional-poverty-amidst-pandemic.html">here</a>, <a href="https://www.im4change.org/upload/files/2020_mpi_report_en%281%29.pdf" title="https://www.im4change.org/upload/files/2020_mpi_report_en%281%29.pdf">here</a>, <a href="https://www.im4change.org/upload/files/Changes%20over%20Time%20Country%20Briefing%202020%20India.pdf" title="https://www.im4change.org/upload/files/Changes%20over%20Time%20Country%20Briefing%202020%20India.pdf">here</a> and <a href="https://ophi.org.uk/wp-content/uploads/Table-6-Change-over-Time-2020-vs2.xlsx" title="https://ophi.org.uk/wp-content/uploads/Table-6-Change-over-Time-2020-vs2.xlsx">here</a> to access the <a name="global-multidimensional-poverty-index-2020-released-in-july-2020">Global Multidimensional Poverty Index 2020 (released in July 2020)</a>.</div><div style="text-align:justify"><strong>---</strong></div><div style="text-align:justify">&nbsp;</div><div style="text-align:justify">According to the report entitled <a name="global-multidimensional-poverty-index-2019-illuminating-inequalities-released-in-july-2019">Global Multidimensional Poverty Index 2019: Illuminating Inequalities (released in July, 2019)</a>, which has been produced by Oxford Poverty and Human Development Initiative (OPHI) and United Nations Development Programme (UNDP) (please click <a href="https://im4change.org/docs/438Global_Multidimensional_Poverty_Index_2019_Illuminating_Inequalities.pdf" title="https://im4change.org/docs/438Global_Multidimensional_Poverty_Index_2019_Illuminating_Inequalities.pdf">here</a> and <a href="https://im4change.in/siteadmin/tinymce/uploaded/2019_mpi_press_release_en.pdf" title="2019_mpi_press_release_en" title="https://im4change.in/siteadmin/tinymce/uploaded/2019_mpi_press_release_en.pdf" title="2019_mpi_press_release_en">here</a> to access):<br /><br />&bull; India&#39;s multidimensional headcount ratio (H) viz. the proportion or incidence of people (within a given population) who experience multiple deprivations has reduced from 55.1 percent to 27.9 percent during the last 10 years viz. between 2005-06 and 2015-16.<br /><br />&bull; The total number of poor people in India, who face multiple deprivations in education, health and living standards, has fallen by 271 million in the last one decade viz. from 640.6 to 369.5 million between 2005-06 and 2015-16. However, the population in multidimensional poverty has increased from 369.5 million in 2015-16 to 373.7 million in 2017 viz. by 4.2 million.<br /><br />&bull; Intensity of poverty (A), which measures deprivations that multidimensionally poor people face on an average, has declined from 51.3 percent to 43.9 percent between 2005-06 and 2015-16.<br /><br />&bull; Multidimensional poverty index (MPI) of the country, which is the product of multidimensional headcount ratio (H) and intensity (or breadth) of poverty (A), has reduced from 0.283 to 0.123 between 2005-06 and 2015-16.<br /><br />&bull; Proportion of the population in severe multidimensional poverty viz. those with a deprivation score of 50 percent or more is 8.8 percent. The proportion of the population at risk of suffering multiple deprivations viz. those with a deprivation score of 20&ndash;33 percent is 19.3 percent.<br /><br />&bull; Latest available data shows that the proportion of population living below the national poverty line is 21.9 percent and the proportion of population living below $ 1.90 a day in terms of purchasing power parity (PPP) is 21.2 percent.<br /><br />&bull; The percentage of population that is multidimensionally poor and deprived in nutrition, cooking fuel, sanitation and housing are 21.2 percent, 26.2 percent, 24.6 percent and 23.6 percent, respectively.<br /><br />&bull; In Jharkhand, multidimensional poverty (H) reduced from 74.9 percent to 46.5 percent between 2005-06 and 2015-16. India strongly improved assets, cooking fuel, sanitation and nutrition.<br /><br />&bull; India demonstrates the clearest pro-poor pattern at the subnational level: the poorest regions reduced multidimensional poverty the fastest in absolute terms. In India poverty reduction in rural areas outpaced that in urban areas demonstrating pro-poor development.<br /><br />&bull; In India there were 271 million fewer people in multidimensional poverty in 2016 than in 2006, while in Bangladesh the number dropped by 19 million between 2004 and 2014.<br /><br />&bull; Of 10 selected countries for which changes over time were analysed, India and Cambodia&nbsp; reduced their MPI values the fastest and they did not leave the poorest groups behind.<br /><br />&bull; Child poverty fell markedly faster than adult poverty in Bangladesh, Cambodia, Haiti, India and Peru.</div><div style="text-align:justify"><br />&bull; In terms of gender disparities, 9 percent of boys in South Asia are out of school and live in a multidimensionally poor household, compared with 10.7 percent of girls. In India, there is a higher percentage of girls who are multidimensionally poor and out of school than boys. However, the figures for India are lower than the South Asian average for both boys and girls.</div><div style="text-align:justify">&nbsp;</div><div style="text-align:justify">                                                                    <br>
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                                                        <a href="https://im4change.in/hunger-hdi/poverty-and-inequality-20499.html?pgno=2#poverty-and-shared-prosperity-2022-correcting-course-released-in-october-2022">Poverty and Shared Prosperity 2022: Correcting Course (released in October 2022)</a>
                                                    </li>
                                                                                                        <li>
                                                        <a href="https://im4change.in/hunger-hdi/poverty-and-inequality-20499.html?pgno=2#malcolm-adiseshiah-memorial-lecturenbsptitled-39understanding-inequality39-released-in-2022-delivered-by-prof-reetika-khera">Malcolm Adiseshiah Memorial Lecture&nbsp;titled &#39;Understanding Inequality&#39; (released in 2022) delivered by Prof. Reetika Khera</a>
                                                    </li>
                                                                                                        <li>
                                                        <a href="https://im4change.in/hunger-hdi/poverty-and-inequality-20499.html?pgno=2#inequality-kills-released-in-january-2022">Inequality Kills (released in January 2022)</a>
                                                    </li>
                                                                                                        <li>
                                                        <a href="https://im4change.in/hunger-hdi/poverty-and-inequality-20499.html?pgno=2#inequality-kills-india-supplement-released-in-january-2022">Inequality Kills -- India Supplement (released in January 2022)</a>
                                                    </li>
                                                                                                        <li>
                                                        <a href="https://im4change.in/hunger-hdi/poverty-and-inequality-20499.html?pgno=3#world-inequality-report-2022-released-on-7-december-2021">World Inequality Report 2022 (released on 7 December, 2021)</a>
                                                    </li>
                                                                                                        <li>
                                                        <a href="https://im4change.in/hunger-hdi/poverty-and-inequality-20499.html?pgno=3#the-pandemic-stalls-growth-in-the-global-middle-class-pushes-poverty-up-sharply-released-on-march-18th-2021">The Pandemic Stalls Growth in the Global Middle Class, Pushes Poverty Up Sharply (released on March 18th, 2021)</a>
                                                    </li>
                                                                                                        <li>
                                                        <a href="https://im4change.in/hunger-hdi/poverty-and-inequality-20499.html?pgno=4#nss-77th-round-report-titled-all-india-debt-and-investment-survey-2019-january-december-2019-released-in-september-2021">NSS 77th Round Report titled All India Debt and Investment Survey 2019, January-December 2019 (released in September 2021)</a>
                                                    </li>
                                                                                                        <li>
                                                        <a href="https://im4change.in/hunger-hdi/poverty-and-inequality-20499.html?pgno=5#global-economic-prospects-gep-released-in-january-2021">Global Economic Prospects (GEP) (released in January 2021)</a>
                                                    </li>
                                                                                                        <li>
                                                        <a href="https://im4change.in/hunger-hdi/poverty-and-inequality-20499.html?pgno=5#global-multidimensional-poverty-index-2020-released-in-july-2020">Global Multidimensional Poverty Index 2020 (released in July 2020)</a>
                                                    </li>
                                                                                                        <li>
                                                        <a href="https://im4change.in/hunger-hdi/poverty-and-inequality-20499.html?pgno=5#global-multidimensional-poverty-index-2019-illuminating-inequalities-released-in-july-2019">Global Multidimensional Poverty Index 2019: Illuminating Inequalities (released in July, 2019)</a>
                                                    </li>
                                                                                                </ul>
                                                                                            <div><a href="javascript:void(0)" id="morewhatsinsidelink" onClick="javascript:$('#morewhatsinside').show();$('#morewhatsinsidelink').hide();$('#lesswhatsinsidelink').show();">More</a></div>
                                                                                            <ul class="whatsinside" id="morewhatsinside" style="display:none">
                                                                                                    <li>
                                                        <a href="https://im4change.in/hunger-hdi/poverty-and-inequality-20499.html?pgno=6#wealth-inequality-class-and-caste-in-india-1961-2012">Wealth Inequality, Class and Caste in India 1961-2012</a>
                                                    </li>
                                                                                                        <li>
                                                        <a href="https://im4change.in/hunger-hdi/poverty-and-inequality-20499.html?pgno=7#global-mpi-2018-report">Global MPI 2018 report</a>
                                                    </li>
                                                                                                        <li>
                                                        <a href="https://im4change.in/hunger-hdi/poverty-and-inequality-20499.html?pgno=8#ending-extreme-poverty-sharing-prosperity-progress-and-policies-released-in-october-2015">Ending Extreme Poverty, Sharing Prosperity: Progress and Policies (released in October 2015)</a>
                                                    </li>
                                                                                                        <li>
                                                        <a href="https://im4change.in/hunger-hdi/poverty-and-inequality-20499.html?pgno=9#socio-economic-and-caste-census-2011-released-in-july-2015">Socio Economic and Caste Census 2011 (released in July 2015)</a>
                                                    </li>
                                                                                                        <li>
                                                        <a href="https://im4change.in/hunger-hdi/poverty-and-inequality-20499.html?pgno=10#household-consumer-expenditure-across-socio-economic-groups-2011-12-published-in-february-2015">Household Consumer Expenditure across Socio-Economic Groups 2011-12 (published in February 2015) </a>
                                                    </li>
                                                                                                        <li>
                                                        <a href="https://im4change.in/hunger-hdi/poverty-and-inequality-20499.html?pgno=11#addressing-inequality-in-south-asia-published-in-january-2015">Addressing Inequality in South Asia (published in January 2015)</a>
                                                    </li>
                                                                                                        <li>
                                                        <a href="https://im4change.in/hunger-hdi/poverty-and-inequality-20499.html?pgno=12#rangarajan-committee-report-on-measurement-of-poverty-2014">Rangarajan Committee Report on Measurement of Poverty 2014</a>
                                                    </li>
                                                                                                        <li>
                                                        <a href="https://im4change.in/hunger-hdi/poverty-and-inequality-20499.html?pgno=13#global-multidimensional-poverty-index-mpi-2014">Global Multidimensional Poverty Index (MPI) 2014</a>
                                                    </li>
                                                                                                        <li>
                                                        <a href="https://im4change.in/hunger-hdi/poverty-and-inequality-20499.html?pgno=14#humanity-divided-confronting-inequality-in-developing-countries-undp-january-2014">Humanity divided: Confronting inequality in Developing Countries, UNDP (January, 2014)</a>
                                                    </li>
                                                                                                        <li>
                                                        <a href="https://im4change.in/hunger-hdi/poverty-and-inequality-20499.html?pgno=14#from-poverty-to-empowerment-indiarsquos-imperative-for-jobs-growth-and-effective-basic-services-2014">From poverty to empowerment: India&rsquo;s imperative for jobs, growth, and effective basic services (2014)</a>
                                                    </li>
                                                                                                        <li>
                                                        <a href="https://im4change.in/hunger-hdi/poverty-and-inequality-20499.html?pgno=15#key-indicators-of-urban-slums-in-india-july-2012-to-december-2012">Key Indicators of Urban Slums in India (July 2012 to December 2012)</a>
                                                    </li>
                                                                                                        <li>
                                                        <a href="https://im4change.in/hunger-hdi/poverty-and-inequality-20499.html?pgno=15#appraisal-of-bpl-criteria">Appraisal of BPL Criteria</a>
                                                    </li>
                                                                                                        <li>
                                                        <a href="https://im4change.in/hunger-hdi/poverty-and-inequality-20499.html?pgno=15#press-note-on-poverty-estimates-2011-12">Press Note on Poverty Estimates, 2011-12</a>
                                                    </li>
                                                                                                        <li>
                                                        <a href="https://im4change.in/hunger-hdi/poverty-and-inequality-20499.html?pgno=16#key-indicators-of-household-consumer-expenditure-in-india-68th-round-nss-2011-12">Key Indicators of Household Consumer Expenditure in India: 68th round NSS (2011-12)</a>
                                                    </li>
                                                                                                        <li>
                                                        <a href="https://im4change.in/hunger-hdi/poverty-and-inequality-20499.html?pgno=17#the-state-of-the-poor-where-are-the-poor-and-where-are-the-poorest-2013">&quot;The State of the Poor: Where are the Poor and Where are the Poorest?&quot; (2013)</a>
                                                    </li>
                                                                                                        <li>
                                                        <a href="https://im4change.in/hunger-hdi/poverty-and-inequality-20499.html?pgno=17#report-of-the-expert-group-to-recommend-the-detailed-methodology-for-identification-of-families-living-below-poverty-line-in-the-urban-areas">Report of the Expert Group to Recommend the Detailed Methodology for Identification of Families Living below Poverty Line in the Urban Areas</a>
                                                    </li>
                                                                                                        <li>
                                                        <a href="https://im4change.in/hunger-hdi/poverty-and-inequality-20499.html?pgno=18#press-note-on-poverty-estimates-2009-10">Press Note on Poverty Estimates, 2009-10</a>
                                                    </li>
                                                                                                        <li>
                                                        <a href="https://im4change.in/hunger-hdi/poverty-and-inequality-20499.html?pgno=19#born-equal-how-reducing-inequality-could-give-our-children-a-better-future-2012">Born Equal: How reducing inequality could give our children a better future (2012)</a>
                                                    </li>
                                                                                                        <li>
                                                        <a href="https://im4change.in/hunger-hdi/poverty-and-inequality-20499.html?pgno=20#unctad-2012-report-entitled-policies-for-inclusive-and-balanced-growth">UNCTAD 2012 report entitled Policies for Inclusive and Balanced Growth</a>
                                                    </li>
                                                                                                        <li>
                                                        <a href="https://im4change.in/hunger-hdi/poverty-and-inequality-20499.html?pgno=21#asian-development-outlook-2012-confronting-rising-inequality-in-asia">Asian Development Outlook 2012: Confronting Rising Inequality in Asia</a>
                                                    </li>
                                                                                                        <li>
                                                        <a href="https://im4change.in/hunger-hdi/poverty-and-inequality-20499.html?pgno=22#suresh-tendulkar-committee-report-on-poverty">Suresh Tendulkar Committee Report on poverty</a>
                                                    </li>
                                                                                                        <li>
                                                        <a href="https://im4change.in/hunger-hdi/poverty-and-inequality-20499.html?pgno=22#11th-five-year-plan-of-the-planning-commission">11th Five-Year Plan of the Planning Commission</a>
                                                    </li>
                                                                                                </ul>
                                            <div><a style="display:none" href="javascript:void(0)" id="lesswhatsinsidelink" onClick="javascript:$('#morewhatsinside').hide();$('#morewhatsinsidelink').show();$('#lesswhatsinsidelink').hide();">Less</a></div>
                                                                                    </div>
                                    </div>
                                </div>
                            </div>
                                                    <div>
                            </p><div style="text-align:justify">Please <a href="https://www.im4change.org/upload/files/Global%20Economic%20Prospect%20World%20Bank%20Jan%202021.pdf" title="https://www.im4change.org/upload/files/Global%20Economic%20Prospect%20World%20Bank%20Jan%202021.pdf">click here</a> to read the World Bank flagship report entitled <a name="global-economic-prospects-gep-released-in-january-2021">Global Economic Prospects (GEP) (released in January 2021)</a>.</div><div style="text-align:justify"><strong>---</strong></div><div style="text-align:justify">&nbsp;</div><div style="text-align:justify">Please click <a href="https://www.im4change.org/news-alerts-57/sustained-efforts-required-to-reduce-multidimensional-poverty-amidst-pandemic.html" title="https://www.im4change.org/news-alerts-57/sustained-efforts-required-to-reduce-multidimensional-poverty-amidst-pandemic.html">here</a>, <a href="https://www.im4change.org/upload/files/2020_mpi_report_en%281%29.pdf" title="https://www.im4change.org/upload/files/2020_mpi_report_en%281%29.pdf">here</a>, <a href="https://www.im4change.org/upload/files/Changes%20over%20Time%20Country%20Briefing%202020%20India.pdf" title="https://www.im4change.org/upload/files/Changes%20over%20Time%20Country%20Briefing%202020%20India.pdf">here</a> and <a href="https://ophi.org.uk/wp-content/uploads/Table-6-Change-over-Time-2020-vs2.xlsx" title="https://ophi.org.uk/wp-content/uploads/Table-6-Change-over-Time-2020-vs2.xlsx">here</a> to access the <a name="global-multidimensional-poverty-index-2020-released-in-july-2020">Global Multidimensional Poverty Index 2020 (released in July 2020)</a>.</div><div style="text-align:justify"><strong>---</strong></div><div style="text-align:justify">&nbsp;</div><div style="text-align:justify">According to the report entitled <a name="global-multidimensional-poverty-index-2019-illuminating-inequalities-released-in-july-2019">Global Multidimensional Poverty Index 2019: Illuminating Inequalities (released in July, 2019)</a>, which has been produced by Oxford Poverty and Human Development Initiative (OPHI) and United Nations Development Programme (UNDP) (please click <a href="https://im4change.org/docs/438Global_Multidimensional_Poverty_Index_2019_Illuminating_Inequalities.pdf" title="https://im4change.org/docs/438Global_Multidimensional_Poverty_Index_2019_Illuminating_Inequalities.pdf">here</a> and <a href="https://im4change.in/siteadmin/tinymce/uploaded/2019_mpi_press_release_en.pdf" title="2019_mpi_press_release_en" title="https://im4change.in/siteadmin/tinymce/uploaded/2019_mpi_press_release_en.pdf" title="2019_mpi_press_release_en">here</a> to access):<br /><br />&bull; India&#39;s multidimensional headcount ratio (H) viz. the proportion or incidence of people (within a given population) who experience multiple deprivations has reduced from 55.1 percent to 27.9 percent during the last 10 years viz. between 2005-06 and 2015-16.<br /><br />&bull; The total number of poor people in India, who face multiple deprivations in education, health and living standards, has fallen by 271 million in the last one decade viz. from 640.6 to 369.5 million between 2005-06 and 2015-16. However, the population in multidimensional poverty has increased from 369.5 million in 2015-16 to 373.7 million in 2017 viz. by 4.2 million.<br /><br />&bull; Intensity of poverty (A), which measures deprivations that multidimensionally poor people face on an average, has declined from 51.3 percent to 43.9 percent between 2005-06 and 2015-16.<br /><br />&bull; Multidimensional poverty index (MPI) of the country, which is the product of multidimensional headcount ratio (H) and intensity (or breadth) of poverty (A), has reduced from 0.283 to 0.123 between 2005-06 and 2015-16.<br /><br />&bull; Proportion of the population in severe multidimensional poverty viz. those with a deprivation score of 50 percent or more is 8.8 percent. The proportion of the population at risk of suffering multiple deprivations viz. those with a deprivation score of 20&ndash;33 percent is 19.3 percent.<br /><br />&bull; Latest available data shows that the proportion of population living below the national poverty line is 21.9 percent and the proportion of population living below $ 1.90 a day in terms of purchasing power parity (PPP) is 21.2 percent.<br /><br />&bull; The percentage of population that is multidimensionally poor and deprived in nutrition, cooking fuel, sanitation and housing are 21.2 percent, 26.2 percent, 24.6 percent and 23.6 percent, respectively.<br /><br />&bull; In Jharkhand, multidimensional poverty (H) reduced from 74.9 percent to 46.5 percent between 2005-06 and 2015-16. India strongly improved assets, cooking fuel, sanitation and nutrition.<br /><br />&bull; India demonstrates the clearest pro-poor pattern at the subnational level: the poorest regions reduced multidimensional poverty the fastest in absolute terms. In India poverty reduction in rural areas outpaced that in urban areas demonstrating pro-poor development.<br /><br />&bull; In India there were 271 million fewer people in multidimensional poverty in 2016 than in 2006, while in Bangladesh the number dropped by 19 million between 2004 and 2014.<br /><br />&bull; Of 10 selected countries for which changes over time were analysed, India and Cambodia&nbsp; reduced their MPI values the fastest and they did not leave the poorest groups behind.<br /><br />&bull; Child poverty fell markedly faster than adult poverty in Bangladesh, Cambodia, Haiti, India and Peru.</div><div style="text-align:justify"><br />&bull; In terms of gender disparities, 9 percent of boys in South Asia are out of school and live in a multidimensionally poor household, compared with 10.7 percent of girls. In India, there is a higher percentage of girls who are multidimensionally poor and out of school than boys. However, the figures for India are lower than the South Asian average for both boys and girls.</div><div style="text-align:justify">&nbsp;</div><div style="text-align:justify">                                                                    <br>
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                                            <h2 style="font-weight: bold; font-size: 13px;">What's Inside</h2>
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                                                                                                    <li>
                                                        <a href="https://im4change.in/hunger-hdi/poverty-and-inequality-20499.html?pgno=2#poverty-and-shared-prosperity-2022-correcting-course-released-in-october-2022">Poverty and Shared Prosperity 2022: Correcting Course (released in October 2022)</a>
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                                                                                                        <li>
                                                        <a href="https://im4change.in/hunger-hdi/poverty-and-inequality-20499.html?pgno=2#malcolm-adiseshiah-memorial-lecturenbsptitled-39understanding-inequality39-released-in-2022-delivered-by-prof-reetika-khera">Malcolm Adiseshiah Memorial Lecture&nbsp;titled &#39;Understanding Inequality&#39; (released in 2022) delivered by Prof. Reetika Khera</a>
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                                                        <a href="https://im4change.in/hunger-hdi/poverty-and-inequality-20499.html?pgno=2#inequality-kills-released-in-january-2022">Inequality Kills (released in January 2022)</a>
                                                    </li>
                                                                                                        <li>
                                                        <a href="https://im4change.in/hunger-hdi/poverty-and-inequality-20499.html?pgno=2#inequality-kills-india-supplement-released-in-january-2022">Inequality Kills -- India Supplement (released in January 2022)</a>
                                                    </li>
                                                                                                        <li>
                                                        <a href="https://im4change.in/hunger-hdi/poverty-and-inequality-20499.html?pgno=3#world-inequality-report-2022-released-on-7-december-2021">World Inequality Report 2022 (released on 7 December, 2021)</a>
                                                    </li>
                                                                                                        <li>
                                                        <a href="https://im4change.in/hunger-hdi/poverty-and-inequality-20499.html?pgno=3#the-pandemic-stalls-growth-in-the-global-middle-class-pushes-poverty-up-sharply-released-on-march-18th-2021">The Pandemic Stalls Growth in the Global Middle Class, Pushes Poverty Up Sharply (released on March 18th, 2021)</a>
                                                    </li>
                                                                                                        <li>
                                                        <a href="https://im4change.in/hunger-hdi/poverty-and-inequality-20499.html?pgno=4#nss-77th-round-report-titled-all-india-debt-and-investment-survey-2019-january-december-2019-released-in-september-2021">NSS 77th Round Report titled All India Debt and Investment Survey 2019, January-December 2019 (released in September 2021)</a>
                                                    </li>
                                                                                                        <li>
                                                        <a href="https://im4change.in/hunger-hdi/poverty-and-inequality-20499.html?pgno=5#global-economic-prospects-gep-released-in-january-2021">Global Economic Prospects (GEP) (released in January 2021)</a>
                                                    </li>
                                                                                                        <li>
                                                        <a href="https://im4change.in/hunger-hdi/poverty-and-inequality-20499.html?pgno=5#global-multidimensional-poverty-index-2020-released-in-july-2020">Global Multidimensional Poverty Index 2020 (released in July 2020)</a>
                                                    </li>
                                                                                                        <li>
                                                        <a href="https://im4change.in/hunger-hdi/poverty-and-inequality-20499.html?pgno=5#global-multidimensional-poverty-index-2019-illuminating-inequalities-released-in-july-2019">Global Multidimensional Poverty Index 2019: Illuminating Inequalities (released in July, 2019)</a>
                                                    </li>
                                                                                                </ul>
                                                                                            <div><a href="javascript:void(0)" id="morewhatsinsidelink" onClick="javascript:$('#morewhatsinside').show();$('#morewhatsinsidelink').hide();$('#lesswhatsinsidelink').show();">More</a></div>
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                                                        <a href="https://im4change.in/hunger-hdi/poverty-and-inequality-20499.html?pgno=6#wealth-inequality-class-and-caste-in-india-1961-2012">Wealth Inequality, Class and Caste in India 1961-2012</a>
                                                    </li>
                                                                                                        <li>
                                                        <a href="https://im4change.in/hunger-hdi/poverty-and-inequality-20499.html?pgno=7#global-mpi-2018-report">Global MPI 2018 report</a>
                                                    </li>
                                                                                                        <li>
                                                        <a href="https://im4change.in/hunger-hdi/poverty-and-inequality-20499.html?pgno=8#ending-extreme-poverty-sharing-prosperity-progress-and-policies-released-in-october-2015">Ending Extreme Poverty, Sharing Prosperity: Progress and Policies (released in October 2015)</a>
                                                    </li>
                                                                                                        <li>
                                                        <a href="https://im4change.in/hunger-hdi/poverty-and-inequality-20499.html?pgno=9#socio-economic-and-caste-census-2011-released-in-july-2015">Socio Economic and Caste Census 2011 (released in July 2015)</a>
                                                    </li>
                                                                                                        <li>
                                                        <a href="https://im4change.in/hunger-hdi/poverty-and-inequality-20499.html?pgno=10#household-consumer-expenditure-across-socio-economic-groups-2011-12-published-in-february-2015">Household Consumer Expenditure across Socio-Economic Groups 2011-12 (published in February 2015) </a>
                                                    </li>
                                                                                                        <li>
                                                        <a href="https://im4change.in/hunger-hdi/poverty-and-inequality-20499.html?pgno=11#addressing-inequality-in-south-asia-published-in-january-2015">Addressing Inequality in South Asia (published in January 2015)</a>
                                                    </li>
                                                                                                        <li>
                                                        <a href="https://im4change.in/hunger-hdi/poverty-and-inequality-20499.html?pgno=12#rangarajan-committee-report-on-measurement-of-poverty-2014">Rangarajan Committee Report on Measurement of Poverty 2014</a>
                                                    </li>
                                                                                                        <li>
                                                        <a href="https://im4change.in/hunger-hdi/poverty-and-inequality-20499.html?pgno=13#global-multidimensional-poverty-index-mpi-2014">Global Multidimensional Poverty Index (MPI) 2014</a>
                                                    </li>
                                                                                                        <li>
                                                        <a href="https://im4change.in/hunger-hdi/poverty-and-inequality-20499.html?pgno=14#humanity-divided-confronting-inequality-in-developing-countries-undp-january-2014">Humanity divided: Confronting inequality in Developing Countries, UNDP (January, 2014)</a>
                                                    </li>
                                                                                                        <li>
                                                        <a href="https://im4change.in/hunger-hdi/poverty-and-inequality-20499.html?pgno=14#from-poverty-to-empowerment-indiarsquos-imperative-for-jobs-growth-and-effective-basic-services-2014">From poverty to empowerment: India&rsquo;s imperative for jobs, growth, and effective basic services (2014)</a>
                                                    </li>
                                                                                                        <li>
                                                        <a href="https://im4change.in/hunger-hdi/poverty-and-inequality-20499.html?pgno=15#key-indicators-of-urban-slums-in-india-july-2012-to-december-2012">Key Indicators of Urban Slums in India (July 2012 to December 2012)</a>
                                                    </li>
                                                                                                        <li>
                                                        <a href="https://im4change.in/hunger-hdi/poverty-and-inequality-20499.html?pgno=15#appraisal-of-bpl-criteria">Appraisal of BPL Criteria</a>
                                                    </li>
                                                                                                        <li>
                                                        <a href="https://im4change.in/hunger-hdi/poverty-and-inequality-20499.html?pgno=15#press-note-on-poverty-estimates-2011-12">Press Note on Poverty Estimates, 2011-12</a>
                                                    </li>
                                                                                                        <li>
                                                        <a href="https://im4change.in/hunger-hdi/poverty-and-inequality-20499.html?pgno=16#key-indicators-of-household-consumer-expenditure-in-india-68th-round-nss-2011-12">Key Indicators of Household Consumer Expenditure in India: 68th round NSS (2011-12)</a>
                                                    </li>
                                                                                                        <li>
                                                        <a href="https://im4change.in/hunger-hdi/poverty-and-inequality-20499.html?pgno=17#the-state-of-the-poor-where-are-the-poor-and-where-are-the-poorest-2013">&quot;The State of the Poor: Where are the Poor and Where are the Poorest?&quot; (2013)</a>
                                                    </li>
                                                                                                        <li>
                                                        <a href="https://im4change.in/hunger-hdi/poverty-and-inequality-20499.html?pgno=17#report-of-the-expert-group-to-recommend-the-detailed-methodology-for-identification-of-families-living-below-poverty-line-in-the-urban-areas">Report of the Expert Group to Recommend the Detailed Methodology for Identification of Families Living below Poverty Line in the Urban Areas</a>
                                                    </li>
                                                                                                        <li>
                                                        <a href="https://im4change.in/hunger-hdi/poverty-and-inequality-20499.html?pgno=18#press-note-on-poverty-estimates-2009-10">Press Note on Poverty Estimates, 2009-10</a>
                                                    </li>
                                                                                                        <li>
                                                        <a href="https://im4change.in/hunger-hdi/poverty-and-inequality-20499.html?pgno=19#born-equal-how-reducing-inequality-could-give-our-children-a-better-future-2012">Born Equal: How reducing inequality could give our children a better future (2012)</a>
                                                    </li>
                                                                                                        <li>
                                                        <a href="https://im4change.in/hunger-hdi/poverty-and-inequality-20499.html?pgno=20#unctad-2012-report-entitled-policies-for-inclusive-and-balanced-growth">UNCTAD 2012 report entitled Policies for Inclusive and Balanced Growth</a>
                                                    </li>
                                                                                                        <li>
                                                        <a href="https://im4change.in/hunger-hdi/poverty-and-inequality-20499.html?pgno=21#asian-development-outlook-2012-confronting-rising-inequality-in-asia">Asian Development Outlook 2012: Confronting Rising Inequality in Asia</a>
                                                    </li>
                                                                                                        <li>
                                                        <a href="https://im4change.in/hunger-hdi/poverty-and-inequality-20499.html?pgno=22#suresh-tendulkar-committee-report-on-poverty">Suresh Tendulkar Committee Report on poverty</a>
                                                    </li>
                                                                                                        <li>
                                                        <a href="https://im4change.in/hunger-hdi/poverty-and-inequality-20499.html?pgno=22#11th-five-year-plan-of-the-planning-commission">11th Five-Year Plan of the Planning Commission</a>
                                                    </li>
                                                                                                </ul>
                                            <div><a style="display:none" href="javascript:void(0)" id="lesswhatsinsidelink" onClick="javascript:$('#morewhatsinside').hide();$('#morewhatsinsidelink').show();$('#lesswhatsinsidelink').hide();">Less</a></div>
                                                                                    </div>
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                            </div>
                                                    <div>
                            </p><div style="text-align:justify">Please <a href="https://www.im4change.org/upload/files/Global%20Economic%20Prospect%20World%20Bank%20Jan%202021.pdf" title="https://www.im4change.org/upload/files/Global%20Economic%20Prospect%20World%20Bank%20Jan%202021.pdf">click here</a> to read the World Bank flagship report entitled <a name="global-economic-prospects-gep-released-in-january-2021">Global Economic Prospects (GEP) (released in January 2021)</a>.</div><div style="text-align:justify"><strong>---</strong></div><div style="text-align:justify">&nbsp;</div><div style="text-align:justify">Please click <a href="https://www.im4change.org/news-alerts-57/sustained-efforts-required-to-reduce-multidimensional-poverty-amidst-pandemic.html" title="https://www.im4change.org/news-alerts-57/sustained-efforts-required-to-reduce-multidimensional-poverty-amidst-pandemic.html">here</a>, <a href="https://www.im4change.org/upload/files/2020_mpi_report_en%281%29.pdf" title="https://www.im4change.org/upload/files/2020_mpi_report_en%281%29.pdf">here</a>, <a href="https://www.im4change.org/upload/files/Changes%20over%20Time%20Country%20Briefing%202020%20India.pdf" title="https://www.im4change.org/upload/files/Changes%20over%20Time%20Country%20Briefing%202020%20India.pdf">here</a> and <a href="https://ophi.org.uk/wp-content/uploads/Table-6-Change-over-Time-2020-vs2.xlsx" title="https://ophi.org.uk/wp-content/uploads/Table-6-Change-over-Time-2020-vs2.xlsx">here</a> to access the <a name="global-multidimensional-poverty-index-2020-released-in-july-2020">Global Multidimensional Poverty Index 2020 (released in July 2020)</a>.</div><div style="text-align:justify"><strong>---</strong></div><div style="text-align:justify">&nbsp;</div><div style="text-align:justify">According to the report entitled <a name="global-multidimensional-poverty-index-2019-illuminating-inequalities-released-in-july-2019">Global Multidimensional Poverty Index 2019: Illuminating Inequalities (released in July, 2019)</a>, which has been produced by Oxford Poverty and Human Development Initiative (OPHI) and United Nations Development Programme (UNDP) (please click <a href="https://im4change.org/docs/438Global_Multidimensional_Poverty_Index_2019_Illuminating_Inequalities.pdf" title="https://im4change.org/docs/438Global_Multidimensional_Poverty_Index_2019_Illuminating_Inequalities.pdf">here</a> and <a href="https://im4change.in/siteadmin/tinymce/uploaded/2019_mpi_press_release_en.pdf" title="2019_mpi_press_release_en" title="https://im4change.in/siteadmin/tinymce/uploaded/2019_mpi_press_release_en.pdf" title="2019_mpi_press_release_en">here</a> to access):<br /><br />&bull; India&#39;s multidimensional headcount ratio (H) viz. the proportion or incidence of people (within a given population) who experience multiple deprivations has reduced from 55.1 percent to 27.9 percent during the last 10 years viz. between 2005-06 and 2015-16.<br /><br />&bull; The total number of poor people in India, who face multiple deprivations in education, health and living standards, has fallen by 271 million in the last one decade viz. from 640.6 to 369.5 million between 2005-06 and 2015-16. However, the population in multidimensional poverty has increased from 369.5 million in 2015-16 to 373.7 million in 2017 viz. by 4.2 million.<br /><br />&bull; Intensity of poverty (A), which measures deprivations that multidimensionally poor people face on an average, has declined from 51.3 percent to 43.9 percent between 2005-06 and 2015-16.<br /><br />&bull; Multidimensional poverty index (MPI) of the country, which is the product of multidimensional headcount ratio (H) and intensity (or breadth) of poverty (A), has reduced from 0.283 to 0.123 between 2005-06 and 2015-16.<br /><br />&bull; Proportion of the population in severe multidimensional poverty viz. those with a deprivation score of 50 percent or more is 8.8 percent. The proportion of the population at risk of suffering multiple deprivations viz. those with a deprivation score of 20&ndash;33 percent is 19.3 percent.<br /><br />&bull; Latest available data shows that the proportion of population living below the national poverty line is 21.9 percent and the proportion of population living below $ 1.90 a day in terms of purchasing power parity (PPP) is 21.2 percent.<br /><br />&bull; The percentage of population that is multidimensionally poor and deprived in nutrition, cooking fuel, sanitation and housing are 21.2 percent, 26.2 percent, 24.6 percent and 23.6 percent, respectively.<br /><br />&bull; In Jharkhand, multidimensional poverty (H) reduced from 74.9 percent to 46.5 percent between 2005-06 and 2015-16. India strongly improved assets, cooking fuel, sanitation and nutrition.<br /><br />&bull; India demonstrates the clearest pro-poor pattern at the subnational level: the poorest regions reduced multidimensional poverty the fastest in absolute terms. In India poverty reduction in rural areas outpaced that in urban areas demonstrating pro-poor development.<br /><br />&bull; In India there were 271 million fewer people in multidimensional poverty in 2016 than in 2006, while in Bangladesh the number dropped by 19 million between 2004 and 2014.<br /><br />&bull; Of 10 selected countries for which changes over time were analysed, India and Cambodia&nbsp; reduced their MPI values the fastest and they did not leave the poorest groups behind.<br /><br />&bull; Child poverty fell markedly faster than adult poverty in Bangladesh, Cambodia, Haiti, India and Peru.</div><div style="text-align:justify"><br />&bull; In terms of gender disparities, 9 percent of boys in South Asia are out of school and live in a multidimensionally poor household, compared with 10.7 percent of girls. In India, there is a higher percentage of girls who are multidimensionally poor and out of school than boys. However, the figures for India are lower than the South Asian average for both boys and girls.</div><div style="text-align:justify">&nbsp;</div><div style="text-align:justify">                                                                    <br>
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Poverty and inequality

What's Inside Poverty and Shared Prosperity 2022: Correcting Course (released in October 2022) Malcolm Adiseshiah Memorial Lecture titled 'Understanding Inequality' (released in 2022) delivered by Prof. Reetika Khera Inequality Kills (released in January 2022) Inequality Kills -- India Supplement (released in January 2022) World Inequality Report 2022 (released on 7 December, 2021) The Pandemic Stalls Growth in the Global Middle Class, Pushes Poverty Up Sharply (released on March 18th, 2021) NSS 77th Round Report titled All India Debt and Investment Survey 2019, January-December 2019 (released in September 2021) Global Economic Prospects (GEP) (released in January 2021) Global Multidimensional Poverty Index 2020 (released in July 2020) Global Multidimensional Poverty Index 2019: Illuminating Inequalities (released in July, 2019) More Wealth Inequality, Class and Caste in India 1961-2012 Global MPI 2018 report Ending Extreme Poverty, Sharing Prosperity: Progress and Policies (released in October 2015) Socio Economic and Caste Census 2011 (released in July 2015) Household Consumer Expenditure across Socio-Economic Groups 2011-12 (published in February 2015) Addressing Inequality in South Asia (published in January 2015) Rangarajan Committee Report on Measurement of Poverty 2014 Global Multidimensional Poverty Index (MPI) 2014 Humanity divided: Confronting inequality in Developing Countries, UNDP (January, 2014) From poverty to empowerment: India’s imperative for jobs, growth, and effective basic services (2014) Key Indicators of Urban Slums in India (July 2012 to December 2012) Appraisal of BPL Criteria Press Note on Poverty Estimates, 2011-12 Key Indicators of Household Consumer Expenditure in India: 68th round NSS (2011-12) "The State of the Poor: Where are the Poor and Where are the Poorest?" (2013) Report of the Expert Group to Recommend the Detailed Methodology for Identification of Families Living below Poverty Line in the Urban Areas Press Note on Poverty Estimates, 2009-10 Born Equal: How reducing inequality could give our children a better future (2012) UNCTAD 2012 report entitled Policies for Inclusive and Balanced Growth Asian Development Outlook 2012: Confronting Rising Inequality in Asia Suresh Tendulkar Committee Report on poverty 11th Five-Year Plan of the Planning Commission Less Please click here to read the World Bank flagship report entitled Global Economic Prospects (GEP) (released in January 2021). ---   Please click here, here, here and here to access the Global Multidimensional Poverty Index 2020 (released in July 2020). ---   According to the report entitled Global Multidimensional Poverty Index 2019: Illuminating Inequalities (released in July, 2019), which has been produced by Oxford Poverty and Human Development Initiative (OPHI) and United Nations Development Programme (UNDP) (please click here and here to access): • India's multidimensional headcount ratio (H) viz. the proportion or incidence of people (within a given population) who experience multiple deprivations has reduced from 55.1 percent to 27.9 percent during the last 10 years viz. between 2005-06 and 2015-16. • The total number of poor people in India, who face multiple deprivations in education, health and living standards, has fallen by 271 million in the last one decade viz. from 640.6 to 369.5 million between 2005-06 and 2015-16. However, the population in multidimensional poverty has increased from 369.5 million in 2015-16 to 373.7 million in 2017 viz. by 4.2 million. • Intensity of poverty (A), which measures deprivations that multidimensionally poor people face on an average, has declined from 51.3 percent to 43.9 percent between 2005-06 and 2015-16. • Multidimensional poverty index (MPI) of the country, which is the product of multidimensional headcount ratio (H) and intensity (or breadth) of poverty (A), has reduced from 0.283 to 0.123 between 2005-06 and 2015-16. • Proportion of the population in severe multidimensional poverty viz. those with a deprivation score of 50 percent or more is 8.8 percent. The proportion of the population at risk of suffering multiple deprivations viz. those with a deprivation score of 20–33 percent is 19.3 percent. • Latest available data shows that the proportion of population living below the national poverty line is 21.9 percent and the proportion of population living below $ 1.90 a day in terms of purchasing power parity (PPP) is 21.2 percent. • The percentage of population that is multidimensionally poor and deprived in nutrition, cooking fuel, sanitation and housing are 21.2 percent, 26.2 percent, 24.6 percent and 23.6 percent, respectively. • In Jharkhand, multidimensional poverty (H) reduced from 74.9 percent to 46.5 percent between 2005-06 and 2015-16. India strongly improved assets, cooking fuel, sanitation and nutrition. • India demonstrates the clearest pro-poor pattern at the subnational level: the poorest regions reduced multidimensional poverty the fastest in absolute terms. In India poverty reduction in rural areas outpaced that in urban areas demonstrating pro-poor development. • In India there were 271 million fewer people in multidimensional poverty in 2016 than in 2006, while in Bangladesh the number dropped by 19 million between 2004 and 2014. • Of 10 selected countries for which changes over time were analysed, India and Cambodia  reduced their MPI values the fastest and they did not leave the poorest groups behind. • Child poverty fell markedly faster than adult poverty in Bangladesh, Cambodia, Haiti, India and Peru. • In terms of gender disparities, 9 percent of boys in South Asia are out of school and live in a multidimensionally poor household, compared with 10.7 percent of girls. In India, there is a higher percentage of girls who are multidimensionally poor and out of school than boys. However, the figures for India are lower than the South Asian average for both boys and girls.   « previous12345678910111213141516171819202122next »

 

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