Deprecated (16384): The ArrayAccess methods will be removed in 4.0.0.Use getParam(), getData() and getQuery() instead. - /home/brlfuser/public_html/src/Controller/ArtileDetailController.php, line: 150
 You can disable deprecation warnings by setting `Error.errorLevel` to `E_ALL & ~E_USER_DEPRECATED` in your config/app.php. [CORE/src/Core/functions.php, line 311]
Code Context


        trigger_error($message, E_USER_DEPRECATED);

    }
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 You can disable deprecation warnings by setting `Error.errorLevel` to `E_ALL & ~E_USER_DEPRECATED` in your config/app.php.'
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deprecationWarning - CORE/src/Core/functions.php, line 311
Cake\Http\ServerRequest::offsetGet() - CORE/src/Http/ServerRequest.php, line 2421
App\Controller\ArtileDetailController::index() - APP/Controller/ArtileDetailController.php, line 150
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Cake\Http\ActionDispatcher::_invoke() - CORE/src/Http/ActionDispatcher.php, line 120
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Cake\Http\BaseApplication::__invoke() - CORE/src/Http/BaseApplication.php, line 235
Cake\Http\Runner::__invoke() - CORE/src/Http/Runner.php, line 65
Cake\Routing\Middleware\RoutingMiddleware::__invoke() - CORE/src/Routing/Middleware/RoutingMiddleware.php, line 162
Cake\Http\Runner::__invoke() - CORE/src/Http/Runner.php, line 65
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Cake\Http\Runner::__invoke() - CORE/src/Http/Runner.php, line 65
Cake\Error\Middleware\ErrorHandlerMiddleware::__invoke() - CORE/src/Error/Middleware/ErrorHandlerMiddleware.php, line 96
Cake\Http\Runner::__invoke() - CORE/src/Http/Runner.php, line 65
Cake\Http\Runner::run() - CORE/src/Http/Runner.php, line 51
Cake\Http\Server::run() - CORE/src/Http/Server.php, line 98

Deprecated (16384): The ArrayAccess methods will be removed in 4.0.0.Use getParam(), getData() and getQuery() instead. - /home/brlfuser/public_html/src/Controller/ArtileDetailController.php, line: 151
 You can disable deprecation warnings by setting `Error.errorLevel` to `E_ALL & ~E_USER_DEPRECATED` in your config/app.php. [CORE/src/Core/functions.php, line 311]
Code Context


        trigger_error($message, E_USER_DEPRECATED);

    }
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 You can disable deprecation warnings by setting `Error.errorLevel` to `E_ALL & ~E_USER_DEPRECATED` in your config/app.php.'
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deprecationWarning - CORE/src/Core/functions.php, line 311
Cake\Http\ServerRequest::offsetGet() - CORE/src/Http/ServerRequest.php, line 2421
App\Controller\ArtileDetailController::index() - APP/Controller/ArtileDetailController.php, line 151
Cake\Controller\Controller::invokeAction() - CORE/src/Controller/Controller.php, line 610
Cake\Http\ActionDispatcher::_invoke() - CORE/src/Http/ActionDispatcher.php, line 120
Cake\Http\ActionDispatcher::dispatch() - CORE/src/Http/ActionDispatcher.php, line 94
Cake\Http\BaseApplication::__invoke() - CORE/src/Http/BaseApplication.php, line 235
Cake\Http\Runner::__invoke() - CORE/src/Http/Runner.php, line 65
Cake\Routing\Middleware\RoutingMiddleware::__invoke() - CORE/src/Routing/Middleware/RoutingMiddleware.php, line 162
Cake\Http\Runner::__invoke() - CORE/src/Http/Runner.php, line 65
Cake\Routing\Middleware\AssetMiddleware::__invoke() - CORE/src/Routing/Middleware/AssetMiddleware.php, line 97
Cake\Http\Runner::__invoke() - CORE/src/Http/Runner.php, line 65
Cake\Error\Middleware\ErrorHandlerMiddleware::__invoke() - CORE/src/Error/Middleware/ErrorHandlerMiddleware.php, line 96
Cake\Http\Runner::__invoke() - CORE/src/Http/Runner.php, line 65
Cake\Http\Runner::run() - CORE/src/Http/Runner.php, line 51
Cake\Http\Server::run() - CORE/src/Http/Server.php, line 98

Warning (512): Unable to emit headers. Headers sent in file=/home/brlfuser/public_html/vendor/cakephp/cakephp/src/Error/Debugger.php line=853 [CORE/src/Http/ResponseEmitter.php, line 48]
Code Context
            if (Configure::read('debug')) {

                trigger_error($message, E_USER_WARNING);

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        Migration    </title>
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KEY TRENDS&nbsp;


&bull; The&nbsp;new&nbsp;Cohort-based&nbsp;Migration&nbsp;Metric (CMM)&nbsp;shows that&nbsp;inter-state labor mobility averaged 5-6.5 million people between 2001 and 2011, yielding an inter-state migrant population of about 60 million and an inter-district&nbsp;migration as high as 80 million @*

&bull; The first-ever estimates of internal work-related migration..."/>
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KEY TRENDS&nbsp;


&bull; The&nbsp;new&nbsp;Cohort-based&nbsp;Migration&nbsp;Metric (CMM)&nbsp;shows that&nbsp;inter-state labor mobility averaged 5-6.5 million people between 2001 and 2011, yielding an inter-state migrant population of about 60 million and an inter-district&nbsp;migration as high as 80 million @*

&bull; The first-ever estimates of internal work-related migration..." />
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                                            <h2 style="font-weight: bold; font-size: 13px;">What's Inside</h2>
                                            <ul class="whatsinside">
                                                                                                    <li>
                                                        <a href="https://im4change.in/farm-crisis/migration-34.html?pgno=2#global-trends-forced-displacement-in-2021-released-in-june-2022">Global Trends: Forced Displacement in 2021 (released in June 2022)</a>
                                                    </li>
                                                                                                        <li>
                                                        <a href="https://im4change.in/farm-crisis/migration-34.html?pgno=3#migration-in-india-july-2020-june-2021-released-on-june-14-2022">Migration in India July 2020-June 2021 (released on June 14, 2022)</a>
                                                    </li>
                                                                                                        <li>
                                                        <a href="https://im4change.in/farm-crisis/migration-34.html?pgno=4#voices-of-the-invisible-citizens-ii-one-year-of-covid-19-are-we-seeing-shifts-in-internal-migration-patterns-in-india-released-on-25th-june-2021">Voices of the Invisible Citizens II: One year of COVID-19 -- Are we seeing shifts in internal migration patterns in India? (released on 25th June, 2021)</a>
                                                    </li>
                                                                                                        <li>
                                                        <a href="https://im4change.in/farm-crisis/migration-34.html?pgno=5#no-country-for-workers-the-covid-19-second-wave-local-lockdowns-and-migrant-worker-distress-in-india-released-on-16th-june-2021">No Country for Workers: The COVID-19 Second Wave, Local Lockdowns and Migrant Worker Distress in India (released on 16th June, 2021)</a>
                                                    </li>
                                                                                                        <li>
                                                        <a href="https://im4change.in/farm-crisis/migration-34.html?pgno=5#press-release-by-stranded-workers-action-network-swan-dated-5th-may-2021">Press release by Stranded Workers Action Network (SWAN) dated 5th May, 2021</a>
                                                    </li>
                                                                                                        <li>
                                                        <a href="https://im4change.in/farm-crisis/migration-34.html?pgno=6#covid-19-emergence-spread-and-its-impact-on-the-indian-economy-and-migrant-workers-released-in-april-2021">COVID-19: Emergence, Spread and Its Impact on the Indian Economy and Migrant Workers (released in April 2021)</a>
                                                    </li>
                                                                                                        <li>
                                                        <a href="https://im4change.in/farm-crisis/migration-34.html?pgno=7#understanding-the-effect-of-the-covid-19-pandemic-on-migrant-construction-workers-in-india-released-in-december-2020">Understanding the Effect of the COVID-19 Pandemic on Migrant Construction Workers in India (released in December 2020)</a>
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                                                                                                        <li>
                                                        <a href="https://im4change.in/farm-crisis/migration-34.html?pgno=8#road-map-for-developing-a-policy-framework-for-the-inclusion-of-internal-migrant-workers-in-india-released-in-december-2020">Road map for developing a policy framework for the inclusion of internal migrant workers in India (released in December, 2020)</a>
                                                    </li>
                                                                                                        <li>
                                                        <a href="https://im4change.in/farm-crisis/migration-34.html?pgno=8#citizens-and-the-sovereign-stories-from-the-largest-human-exodus-in-contemporary-indian-history-released-in-november-2020">Citizens and the Sovereign: Stories from the Largest Human Exodus in Contemporary Indian History (released in November 2020)</a>
                                                    </li>
                                                                                                        <li>
                                                        <a href="https://im4change.in/farm-crisis/migration-34.html?pgno=8#survey-on-migrant-workers-a-study-on-their-livelihood-after-reverse-migration-due-to-lockdown-released-in-october-2020">Survey on Migrant Workers: A Study on their Livelihood after Reverse Migration due to Lockdown (released in October 2020)</a>
                                                    </li>
                                                                                                </ul>
                                                                                            <div><a href="javascript:void(0)" id="morewhatsinsidelink" onClick="javascript:$('#morewhatsinside').show();$('#morewhatsinsidelink').hide();$('#lesswhatsinsidelink').show();">More</a></div>
                                                                                            <ul class="whatsinside" id="morewhatsinside" style="display:none">
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                                                        <a href="https://im4change.in/farm-crisis/migration-34.html?pgno=8#response-by-stranded-workers-action-network-swan-dated-15th-september-2020">Response by Stranded Workers Action Network (SWAN) dated 15th September, 2020</a>
                                                    </li>
                                                                                                        <li>
                                                        <a href="https://im4change.in/farm-crisis/migration-34.html?pgno=8#after-the-long-marches-what-do-workers-want-released-on-31st-august-2020">After the long marches: What do workers want? (released on 31st August, 2020)</a>
                                                    </li>
                                                                                                        <li>
                                                        <a href="https://im4change.in/farm-crisis/migration-34.html?pgno=8#garment-workers-in-indiarsquos-lockdown-semi-starvation-and-de-humanisation-lead-to-exodus-released-in-june-2020">Garment Workers in India&rsquo;s Lockdown Semi-Starvation and De-humanisation Lead to Exodus (released in June 2020)</a>
                                                    </li>
                                                                                                        <li>
                                                        <a href="https://im4change.in/farm-crisis/migration-34.html?pgno=9#to-leave-or-not-to-leave-lockdown-migrant-workers-and-their-journeys-home-released-on-5th-june-2020">To Leave or Not to Leave? Lockdown, Migrant Workers, and Their Journeys Home (released on 5th June, 2020)</a>
                                                    </li>
                                                                                                        <li>
                                                        <a href="https://im4change.in/farm-crisis/migration-34.html?pgno=9#39unlocking-the-urban-reimagining-migrant-lives-in-cities-post-covid-1939-released-on-1st-may-2020">&#39;Unlocking the Urban: Reimagining Migrant Lives in Cities Post-COVID 19&#39; (released on 1st May, 2020)</a>
                                                    </li>
                                                                                                        <li>
                                                        <a href="https://im4change.in/farm-crisis/migration-34.html?pgno=10#covid-19-crisis-through-a-migration-lens-released-on-22nd-april-2020">COVID-19 Crisis Through a Migration Lens (released on 22nd April, 2020)</a>
                                                    </li>
                                                                                                        <li>
                                                        <a href="https://im4change.in/farm-crisis/migration-34.html?pgno=10#borders-of-an-epidemic-covid-19-and-migrant-workers-edited-by-prof-ranabir-samaddar-mahanirban-calcutta-research-group-2020">Borders of an Epidemic: COVID-19 and Migrant Workers, edited by Prof. Ranabir Samaddar, Mahanirban Calcutta Research Group, 2020</a>
                                                    </li>
                                                                                                        <li>
                                                        <a href="https://im4change.in/farm-crisis/migration-34.html?pgno=11#21-days-and-counting-covid-19-lockdown-migrant-workers-and-the-inadequacy-of-welfare-measures-in-india-released-on-14-april-2020">21 Days and Counting: COVID-19 Lockdown, Migrant Workers, and the Inadequacy of Welfare Measures in India (released on 14 April, 2020)</a>
                                                    </li>
                                                                                                        <li>
                                                        <a href="https://im4change.in/farm-crisis/migration-34.html?pgno=12#first-round-of-delhi-national-capital-region-coronavirus-telephone-survey-conducted-by-ncaer-released-on-12th-april-2020">First Round of Delhi National Capital Region Coronavirus Telephone Survey conducted by NCAER (released on 12th April, 2020)</a>
                                                    </li>
                                                                                                        <li>
                                                        <a href="https://im4change.in/farm-crisis/migration-34.html?pgno=13#voices-of-the-invisible-citizens-a-rapid-assessment-of-the-impact-of-covid-19-lockdown-on-internal-migrant-workers-recommendations-for-the-state-industry-philanthropies-released-in-april-2020">Voices of the Invisible Citizens: A Rapid Assessment of the Impact of COVID-19 Lockdown on Internal Migrant Workers -- Recommendations for the State, Industry &amp; Philanthropies (released in April 2020)</a>
                                                    </li>
                                                                                                        <li>
                                                        <a href="https://im4change.in/farm-crisis/migration-34.html?pgno=14#human-cost-of-sugar-living-and-workiing-conditions-of-migrant-cane-cutters-in-maharashtra-released-in-february-2020">Human Cost of Sugar: Living and Workiing Conditions of Migrant Cane-cutters in Maharashtra (released in February 2020)</a>
                                                    </li>
                                                                                                        <li>
                                                        <a href="https://im4change.in/farm-crisis/migration-34.html?pgno=14#interstate-migrants-policy-index-impex-2019">Interstate Migrants Policy Index (IMPEX) 2019</a>
                                                    </li>
                                                                                                        <li>
                                                        <a href="https://im4change.in/farm-crisis/migration-34.html?pgno=15#report-of-the-working-group-on-migration-released-in-january-2017">Report of the Working Group on Migration (released in January 2017)</a>
                                                    </li>
                                                                                                        <li>
                                                        <a href="https://im4change.in/farm-crisis/migration-34.html?pgno=15#economic-survey-2016-17-released-in-january-2017">Economic Survey 2016-17 (released in January, 2017)</a>
                                                    </li>
                                                                                                        <li>
                                                        <a href="https://im4change.in/farm-crisis/migration-34.html?pgno=16#concept-note-prepared-for-the-national-seminar-entitled-39contesting-spaces-negotiating-development-a-dialogue-on-domestic-migrants-state-and-inclusive-citizenship-in-indiarsquo-25-26-march-2016">Concept Note prepared for the national seminar entitled: &#39;Contesting Spaces &amp; Negotiating Development: A Dialogue on Domestic Migrants, State and Inclusive Citizenship in India&rsquo; (25-26 March 2016)</a>
                                                    </li>
                                                                                                        <li>
                                                        <a href="https://im4change.in/farm-crisis/migration-34.html?pgno=17#social-inclusion-of-internal-migrants-in-india-2013">Social Inclusion of Internal Migrants in India (2013)</a>
                                                    </li>
                                                                                                        <li>
                                                        <a href="https://im4change.in/farm-crisis/migration-34.html?pgno=18#migration-and-gender-in-india-by-indrani-mazumdar-n-neetha-and-indu-agnihotri">Migration and Gender in India by Indrani Mazumdar, N Neetha and Indu Agnihotri</a>
                                                    </li>
                                                                                                        <li>
                                                        <a href="https://im4change.in/farm-crisis/migration-34.html?pgno=19#migration-in-india-2007-08-national-sample-survey">Migration in India, 2007-08, National Sample Survey</a>
                                                    </li>
                                                                                                        <li>
                                                        <a href="https://im4change.in/farm-crisis/migration-34.html?pgno=19#managing-the-exodus-grounding-migration-in-india">Managing the Exodus: Grounding Migration in India</a>
                                                    </li>
                                                                                                        <li>
                                                        <a href="https://im4change.in/farm-crisis/migration-34.html?pgno=20#internal-displacement-global-overview-of-trends-and-developments-in-2009">Internal Displacement: Global Overview of Trends and Developments in 2009</a>
                                                    </li>
                                                                                                        <li>
                                                        <a href="https://im4change.in/farm-crisis/migration-34.html?pgno=20#11supthsup-five-year-plan-planning-commission">11th Five Year Plan, Planning Commission</a>
                                                    </li>
                                                                                                        <li>
                                                        <a href="https://im4change.in/farm-crisis/migration-34.html?pgno=20#national-commission-for-enterprises-in-the-unorganised-sector-nceus-2007">National Commission for Enterprises in the Unorganised Sector--NCEUS (2007)</a>
                                                    </li>
                                                                                                        <li>
                                                        <a href="https://im4change.in/farm-crisis/migration-34.html?pgno=20#large-dam-projects-and-displacement-in-india">Large Dam Projects and Displacement in India</a>
                                                    </li>
                                                                                                        <li>
                                                        <a href="https://im4change.in/farm-crisis/migration-34.html?pgno=20#in-the-name-of-national-pride-2009">In the Name of National Pride (2009)</a>
                                                    </li>
                                                                                                </ul>
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                            </p><p style="text-align:justify"><br />The key findings of the Periodic Labour Force Survey report titled <a name="migration-in-india-july-2020-june-2021-released-on-june-14-2022">Migration in India July 2020-June 2021 (released on June 14, 2022)</a>, which has been prepared by National Statistical Office (NSO), Ministry of Statistics and Programme Implementation (MoSPI), are as follows (please <a href="/upload/files/Full%20report%20Migration%20in%20India%202020-21.pdf" title="/upload/files/Full%20report%20Migration%20in%20India%202020-21.pdf">click here</a> and <a href="/upload/files/3_Draft_press_note_Migration_PLFS_2020_21.docx1655189017846.pdf" title="/upload/files/3_Draft_press_note_Migration_PLFS_2020_21.docx1655189017846.pdf">here</a> to access):&nbsp;</p><p style="text-align:justify">&bull; The fieldwork of PLFS was suspended first time from 18.03.2020 due to COVID-19 pandemic, and was resumed in June 2020 with the pending samples for this period. This, therefore, had a spillover effect in completion of field work allotted for the survey period July 2020 to June 2021. Subsequently, there was another spill-over effect due to the 2nd wave of COVID-19 when the field work of PLFS was again suspended in April 2021 in most parts of the country. The field work was gradually resumed in the first week of June 2021 with COVID-19 related restrictions.</p><p style="text-align:justify">&bull; The Periodic Labour Force Survey covered 59,019 migrants (rural male: 7,238 and rural female: 51,781) in rural areas and 54,979 migrants (urban male: 17,654 and urban female: 37,325) in urban areas. &nbsp;</p><p style="text-align:justify">&bull; The PLFS covered 1,550 temporary visitors in rural areas (rural male: 960 and rural female: 590) and 851 temporary visitors in urban areas (urban male: 450 and urban female: 401). For temporary visitors, the present place of residence (where he/she was residing temporarily) differed from their usual place of residence.</p><p style="text-align:justify">&bull; The migration rate was higher in urban areas (34.9 percent) as compared to rural areas (26.5 percent). The rate of migration was higher among females (rural females: 48.0 percent; urban females: 47.8 percent) in comparison to males (rural males: 5.9 percent; urban males: 22.5 percent) in both rural and urban areas.&nbsp;<br />&nbsp;<br />&bull; For male migrants in rural areas, the location of last usual place of residence was rural areas for 44.6 percent of them, urban areas for 51.6 percent of them, and another country for 3.9 percent of them.&nbsp;</p><p style="text-align:justify">&bull; For female migrants in rural areas, the location of last usual place of residence was rural areas for 88.8 percent of them, urban areas for 11.0 percent of them, and another country for 0.2 percent of them.&nbsp;</p><p style="text-align:justify">&bull; For male migrants in urban areas, the location of last usual place of residence was rural areas for 53.7 percent of them, urban areas for 44.1 percent of them, and another country for 2.3 percent of them.&nbsp;</p><p style="text-align:justify">&bull; For female migrants in urban areas, the location of last usual place of residence was rural areas for 54.0 percent of them, urban areas for 45.6 percent of them, and another country for 0.4 percent of them.&nbsp;</p><p style="text-align:justify">&bull; Around 46.4 percent of male internal migrants in rural areas came from rural areas and the rest i.e., 53.6 percent came from urban areas. &nbsp;</p><p style="text-align:justify">&bull; Roughly 89.0 percent of female internal migrants in rural areas came from rural areas and the rest i.e., 11.0 percent came from urban areas. &nbsp;</p><p style="text-align:justify">&bull; Almost 54.8 percent of male internal migrants in urban areas came from rural areas and the rest i.e., 45.2 percent came from urban areas. &nbsp;</p><p style="text-align:justify">&bull; About 54.3 percent of female internal migrants in urban areas came from rural areas and the rest i.e., 45.7 percent came from urban areas. &nbsp;</p><p style="text-align:justify">&bull; The main reasons for migration among male migrants were: in search of employment/ better employment (22.8 percent); for employment/ work -- to take up employment/ to take up better employment/ business/ proximity to place of work/ transfer (20.1 percent); migration of parent/ earning member of the family (17.5 percent); and loss of job/ closure of unit/ lack of employment opportunities (6.7 percent).</p><p style="text-align:justify">&bull; The main reasons for migration among female migrants were: marriage (86.8 percent); migration of parent/ earning member of the family (7.3 percent); housing problem (0.8 percent); and for employment/ work -- to take up employment/ to take up better employment/ business/ proximity to place of work/ transfer (0.7 percent).</p><p style="text-align:justify">&bull; The percentage share of male migrants who migrated after March 2020 in total migrants was 12.4 percent in rural areas, 5.6 percent in urban areas, and 8.3 at the national level.</p><p style="text-align:justify">&bull; The percentage share of female migrants who migrated after March 2020 in total migrants was 1.8 percent in rural areas, 2.3 percent in urban areas, and 2.0 at the national level.</p><p style="text-align:justify">&bull; The percentage share of migrants who migrated after March 2020 in total migrants was 3.0 percent in rural areas, 3.4 percent in urban areas and 3.1 at the national level.</p><p style="text-align:justify">&bull; The percentage of temporary visitors in the population residing temporarily in a place different from usual place of residence was 0.7 percent -- 0.7 percent in rural areas (male: 0.9 percent; female: 0.5 percent) and 0.6 percent in urban areas (male: 0.6 percent; female: 0.6 percent).</p><p style="text-align:justify"><strong><em>Important concepts</em></strong></p><p style="text-align:justify">&bull; Usual Place of Residence (UPR) of a person is the place&nbsp;(village/town) where the person has been staying continuously for at least six months. Even if a person was not staying in the village/town continuously for six but was found to be staying there during the survey with intention to stay there continuously for six months or more then that place was as his/her UPR.</p><p style="text-align:justify">&bull; Migrants are those whose last usual place of residence is different from the present place of enumeration.&nbsp;Usual place of residence is the place (village/town)&nbsp;where the person stayed continuously for a period of 6 months or more or intends to stay for 6 months of&nbsp;more.</p><p style="text-align:justify">&bull; Migration rate for any category of person (say, for rural or urban, male or female), is the percentage of migrants belonging to that category of persons.</p><p style="text-align:justify">&bull; For the purpose of this survey, temporary visitors in&nbsp;the household are those persons who arrived after March 2020 and stayed in the household continuously for a period of 15 days or more but less than 6 months.</p><p>&nbsp;</p><p>                                                                    <br>
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KEY TRENDS&nbsp;


&bull; The&nbsp;new&nbsp;Cohort-based&nbsp;Migration&nbsp;Metric (CMM)&nbsp;shows that&nbsp;inter-state labor mobility averaged 5-6.5 million people between 2001 and 2011, yielding an inter-state migrant population of about 60 million and an inter-district&nbsp;migration as high as 80 million @*

&bull; The first-ever estimates of internal work-related migration..."/>
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KEY TRENDS&nbsp;


&bull; The&nbsp;new&nbsp;Cohort-based&nbsp;Migration&nbsp;Metric (CMM)&nbsp;shows that&nbsp;inter-state labor mobility averaged 5-6.5 million people between 2001 and 2011, yielding an inter-state migrant population of about 60 million and an inter-district&nbsp;migration as high as 80 million @*

&bull; The first-ever estimates of internal work-related migration..." />
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    <h1 class="cat-box-title">Migration</h1>
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                                            <h2 style="font-weight: bold; font-size: 13px;">What's Inside</h2>
                                            <ul class="whatsinside">
                                                                                                    <li>
                                                        <a href="https://im4change.in/farm-crisis/migration-34.html?pgno=2#global-trends-forced-displacement-in-2021-released-in-june-2022">Global Trends: Forced Displacement in 2021 (released in June 2022)</a>
                                                    </li>
                                                                                                        <li>
                                                        <a href="https://im4change.in/farm-crisis/migration-34.html?pgno=3#migration-in-india-july-2020-june-2021-released-on-june-14-2022">Migration in India July 2020-June 2021 (released on June 14, 2022)</a>
                                                    </li>
                                                                                                        <li>
                                                        <a href="https://im4change.in/farm-crisis/migration-34.html?pgno=4#voices-of-the-invisible-citizens-ii-one-year-of-covid-19-are-we-seeing-shifts-in-internal-migration-patterns-in-india-released-on-25th-june-2021">Voices of the Invisible Citizens II: One year of COVID-19 -- Are we seeing shifts in internal migration patterns in India? (released on 25th June, 2021)</a>
                                                    </li>
                                                                                                        <li>
                                                        <a href="https://im4change.in/farm-crisis/migration-34.html?pgno=5#no-country-for-workers-the-covid-19-second-wave-local-lockdowns-and-migrant-worker-distress-in-india-released-on-16th-june-2021">No Country for Workers: The COVID-19 Second Wave, Local Lockdowns and Migrant Worker Distress in India (released on 16th June, 2021)</a>
                                                    </li>
                                                                                                        <li>
                                                        <a href="https://im4change.in/farm-crisis/migration-34.html?pgno=5#press-release-by-stranded-workers-action-network-swan-dated-5th-may-2021">Press release by Stranded Workers Action Network (SWAN) dated 5th May, 2021</a>
                                                    </li>
                                                                                                        <li>
                                                        <a href="https://im4change.in/farm-crisis/migration-34.html?pgno=6#covid-19-emergence-spread-and-its-impact-on-the-indian-economy-and-migrant-workers-released-in-april-2021">COVID-19: Emergence, Spread and Its Impact on the Indian Economy and Migrant Workers (released in April 2021)</a>
                                                    </li>
                                                                                                        <li>
                                                        <a href="https://im4change.in/farm-crisis/migration-34.html?pgno=7#understanding-the-effect-of-the-covid-19-pandemic-on-migrant-construction-workers-in-india-released-in-december-2020">Understanding the Effect of the COVID-19 Pandemic on Migrant Construction Workers in India (released in December 2020)</a>
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                                                                                                        <li>
                                                        <a href="https://im4change.in/farm-crisis/migration-34.html?pgno=8#road-map-for-developing-a-policy-framework-for-the-inclusion-of-internal-migrant-workers-in-india-released-in-december-2020">Road map for developing a policy framework for the inclusion of internal migrant workers in India (released in December, 2020)</a>
                                                    </li>
                                                                                                        <li>
                                                        <a href="https://im4change.in/farm-crisis/migration-34.html?pgno=8#citizens-and-the-sovereign-stories-from-the-largest-human-exodus-in-contemporary-indian-history-released-in-november-2020">Citizens and the Sovereign: Stories from the Largest Human Exodus in Contemporary Indian History (released in November 2020)</a>
                                                    </li>
                                                                                                        <li>
                                                        <a href="https://im4change.in/farm-crisis/migration-34.html?pgno=8#survey-on-migrant-workers-a-study-on-their-livelihood-after-reverse-migration-due-to-lockdown-released-in-october-2020">Survey on Migrant Workers: A Study on their Livelihood after Reverse Migration due to Lockdown (released in October 2020)</a>
                                                    </li>
                                                                                                </ul>
                                                                                            <div><a href="javascript:void(0)" id="morewhatsinsidelink" onClick="javascript:$('#morewhatsinside').show();$('#morewhatsinsidelink').hide();$('#lesswhatsinsidelink').show();">More</a></div>
                                                                                            <ul class="whatsinside" id="morewhatsinside" style="display:none">
                                                                                                    <li>
                                                        <a href="https://im4change.in/farm-crisis/migration-34.html?pgno=8#response-by-stranded-workers-action-network-swan-dated-15th-september-2020">Response by Stranded Workers Action Network (SWAN) dated 15th September, 2020</a>
                                                    </li>
                                                                                                        <li>
                                                        <a href="https://im4change.in/farm-crisis/migration-34.html?pgno=8#after-the-long-marches-what-do-workers-want-released-on-31st-august-2020">After the long marches: What do workers want? (released on 31st August, 2020)</a>
                                                    </li>
                                                                                                        <li>
                                                        <a href="https://im4change.in/farm-crisis/migration-34.html?pgno=8#garment-workers-in-indiarsquos-lockdown-semi-starvation-and-de-humanisation-lead-to-exodus-released-in-june-2020">Garment Workers in India&rsquo;s Lockdown Semi-Starvation and De-humanisation Lead to Exodus (released in June 2020)</a>
                                                    </li>
                                                                                                        <li>
                                                        <a href="https://im4change.in/farm-crisis/migration-34.html?pgno=9#to-leave-or-not-to-leave-lockdown-migrant-workers-and-their-journeys-home-released-on-5th-june-2020">To Leave or Not to Leave? Lockdown, Migrant Workers, and Their Journeys Home (released on 5th June, 2020)</a>
                                                    </li>
                                                                                                        <li>
                                                        <a href="https://im4change.in/farm-crisis/migration-34.html?pgno=9#39unlocking-the-urban-reimagining-migrant-lives-in-cities-post-covid-1939-released-on-1st-may-2020">&#39;Unlocking the Urban: Reimagining Migrant Lives in Cities Post-COVID 19&#39; (released on 1st May, 2020)</a>
                                                    </li>
                                                                                                        <li>
                                                        <a href="https://im4change.in/farm-crisis/migration-34.html?pgno=10#covid-19-crisis-through-a-migration-lens-released-on-22nd-april-2020">COVID-19 Crisis Through a Migration Lens (released on 22nd April, 2020)</a>
                                                    </li>
                                                                                                        <li>
                                                        <a href="https://im4change.in/farm-crisis/migration-34.html?pgno=10#borders-of-an-epidemic-covid-19-and-migrant-workers-edited-by-prof-ranabir-samaddar-mahanirban-calcutta-research-group-2020">Borders of an Epidemic: COVID-19 and Migrant Workers, edited by Prof. Ranabir Samaddar, Mahanirban Calcutta Research Group, 2020</a>
                                                    </li>
                                                                                                        <li>
                                                        <a href="https://im4change.in/farm-crisis/migration-34.html?pgno=11#21-days-and-counting-covid-19-lockdown-migrant-workers-and-the-inadequacy-of-welfare-measures-in-india-released-on-14-april-2020">21 Days and Counting: COVID-19 Lockdown, Migrant Workers, and the Inadequacy of Welfare Measures in India (released on 14 April, 2020)</a>
                                                    </li>
                                                                                                        <li>
                                                        <a href="https://im4change.in/farm-crisis/migration-34.html?pgno=12#first-round-of-delhi-national-capital-region-coronavirus-telephone-survey-conducted-by-ncaer-released-on-12th-april-2020">First Round of Delhi National Capital Region Coronavirus Telephone Survey conducted by NCAER (released on 12th April, 2020)</a>
                                                    </li>
                                                                                                        <li>
                                                        <a href="https://im4change.in/farm-crisis/migration-34.html?pgno=13#voices-of-the-invisible-citizens-a-rapid-assessment-of-the-impact-of-covid-19-lockdown-on-internal-migrant-workers-recommendations-for-the-state-industry-philanthropies-released-in-april-2020">Voices of the Invisible Citizens: A Rapid Assessment of the Impact of COVID-19 Lockdown on Internal Migrant Workers -- Recommendations for the State, Industry &amp; Philanthropies (released in April 2020)</a>
                                                    </li>
                                                                                                        <li>
                                                        <a href="https://im4change.in/farm-crisis/migration-34.html?pgno=14#human-cost-of-sugar-living-and-workiing-conditions-of-migrant-cane-cutters-in-maharashtra-released-in-february-2020">Human Cost of Sugar: Living and Workiing Conditions of Migrant Cane-cutters in Maharashtra (released in February 2020)</a>
                                                    </li>
                                                                                                        <li>
                                                        <a href="https://im4change.in/farm-crisis/migration-34.html?pgno=14#interstate-migrants-policy-index-impex-2019">Interstate Migrants Policy Index (IMPEX) 2019</a>
                                                    </li>
                                                                                                        <li>
                                                        <a href="https://im4change.in/farm-crisis/migration-34.html?pgno=15#report-of-the-working-group-on-migration-released-in-january-2017">Report of the Working Group on Migration (released in January 2017)</a>
                                                    </li>
                                                                                                        <li>
                                                        <a href="https://im4change.in/farm-crisis/migration-34.html?pgno=15#economic-survey-2016-17-released-in-january-2017">Economic Survey 2016-17 (released in January, 2017)</a>
                                                    </li>
                                                                                                        <li>
                                                        <a href="https://im4change.in/farm-crisis/migration-34.html?pgno=16#concept-note-prepared-for-the-national-seminar-entitled-39contesting-spaces-negotiating-development-a-dialogue-on-domestic-migrants-state-and-inclusive-citizenship-in-indiarsquo-25-26-march-2016">Concept Note prepared for the national seminar entitled: &#39;Contesting Spaces &amp; Negotiating Development: A Dialogue on Domestic Migrants, State and Inclusive Citizenship in India&rsquo; (25-26 March 2016)</a>
                                                    </li>
                                                                                                        <li>
                                                        <a href="https://im4change.in/farm-crisis/migration-34.html?pgno=17#social-inclusion-of-internal-migrants-in-india-2013">Social Inclusion of Internal Migrants in India (2013)</a>
                                                    </li>
                                                                                                        <li>
                                                        <a href="https://im4change.in/farm-crisis/migration-34.html?pgno=18#migration-and-gender-in-india-by-indrani-mazumdar-n-neetha-and-indu-agnihotri">Migration and Gender in India by Indrani Mazumdar, N Neetha and Indu Agnihotri</a>
                                                    </li>
                                                                                                        <li>
                                                        <a href="https://im4change.in/farm-crisis/migration-34.html?pgno=19#migration-in-india-2007-08-national-sample-survey">Migration in India, 2007-08, National Sample Survey</a>
                                                    </li>
                                                                                                        <li>
                                                        <a href="https://im4change.in/farm-crisis/migration-34.html?pgno=19#managing-the-exodus-grounding-migration-in-india">Managing the Exodus: Grounding Migration in India</a>
                                                    </li>
                                                                                                        <li>
                                                        <a href="https://im4change.in/farm-crisis/migration-34.html?pgno=20#internal-displacement-global-overview-of-trends-and-developments-in-2009">Internal Displacement: Global Overview of Trends and Developments in 2009</a>
                                                    </li>
                                                                                                        <li>
                                                        <a href="https://im4change.in/farm-crisis/migration-34.html?pgno=20#11supthsup-five-year-plan-planning-commission">11th Five Year Plan, Planning Commission</a>
                                                    </li>
                                                                                                        <li>
                                                        <a href="https://im4change.in/farm-crisis/migration-34.html?pgno=20#national-commission-for-enterprises-in-the-unorganised-sector-nceus-2007">National Commission for Enterprises in the Unorganised Sector--NCEUS (2007)</a>
                                                    </li>
                                                                                                        <li>
                                                        <a href="https://im4change.in/farm-crisis/migration-34.html?pgno=20#large-dam-projects-and-displacement-in-india">Large Dam Projects and Displacement in India</a>
                                                    </li>
                                                                                                        <li>
                                                        <a href="https://im4change.in/farm-crisis/migration-34.html?pgno=20#in-the-name-of-national-pride-2009">In the Name of National Pride (2009)</a>
                                                    </li>
                                                                                                </ul>
                                            <div><a style="display:none" href="javascript:void(0)" id="lesswhatsinsidelink" onClick="javascript:$('#morewhatsinside').hide();$('#morewhatsinsidelink').show();$('#lesswhatsinsidelink').hide();">Less</a></div>
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                            </p><p style="text-align:justify"><br />The key findings of the Periodic Labour Force Survey report titled <a name="migration-in-india-july-2020-june-2021-released-on-june-14-2022">Migration in India July 2020-June 2021 (released on June 14, 2022)</a>, which has been prepared by National Statistical Office (NSO), Ministry of Statistics and Programme Implementation (MoSPI), are as follows (please <a href="/upload/files/Full%20report%20Migration%20in%20India%202020-21.pdf" title="/upload/files/Full%20report%20Migration%20in%20India%202020-21.pdf">click here</a> and <a href="/upload/files/3_Draft_press_note_Migration_PLFS_2020_21.docx1655189017846.pdf" title="/upload/files/3_Draft_press_note_Migration_PLFS_2020_21.docx1655189017846.pdf">here</a> to access):&nbsp;</p><p style="text-align:justify">&bull; The fieldwork of PLFS was suspended first time from 18.03.2020 due to COVID-19 pandemic, and was resumed in June 2020 with the pending samples for this period. This, therefore, had a spillover effect in completion of field work allotted for the survey period July 2020 to June 2021. Subsequently, there was another spill-over effect due to the 2nd wave of COVID-19 when the field work of PLFS was again suspended in April 2021 in most parts of the country. The field work was gradually resumed in the first week of June 2021 with COVID-19 related restrictions.</p><p style="text-align:justify">&bull; The Periodic Labour Force Survey covered 59,019 migrants (rural male: 7,238 and rural female: 51,781) in rural areas and 54,979 migrants (urban male: 17,654 and urban female: 37,325) in urban areas. &nbsp;</p><p style="text-align:justify">&bull; The PLFS covered 1,550 temporary visitors in rural areas (rural male: 960 and rural female: 590) and 851 temporary visitors in urban areas (urban male: 450 and urban female: 401). For temporary visitors, the present place of residence (where he/she was residing temporarily) differed from their usual place of residence.</p><p style="text-align:justify">&bull; The migration rate was higher in urban areas (34.9 percent) as compared to rural areas (26.5 percent). The rate of migration was higher among females (rural females: 48.0 percent; urban females: 47.8 percent) in comparison to males (rural males: 5.9 percent; urban males: 22.5 percent) in both rural and urban areas.&nbsp;<br />&nbsp;<br />&bull; For male migrants in rural areas, the location of last usual place of residence was rural areas for 44.6 percent of them, urban areas for 51.6 percent of them, and another country for 3.9 percent of them.&nbsp;</p><p style="text-align:justify">&bull; For female migrants in rural areas, the location of last usual place of residence was rural areas for 88.8 percent of them, urban areas for 11.0 percent of them, and another country for 0.2 percent of them.&nbsp;</p><p style="text-align:justify">&bull; For male migrants in urban areas, the location of last usual place of residence was rural areas for 53.7 percent of them, urban areas for 44.1 percent of them, and another country for 2.3 percent of them.&nbsp;</p><p style="text-align:justify">&bull; For female migrants in urban areas, the location of last usual place of residence was rural areas for 54.0 percent of them, urban areas for 45.6 percent of them, and another country for 0.4 percent of them.&nbsp;</p><p style="text-align:justify">&bull; Around 46.4 percent of male internal migrants in rural areas came from rural areas and the rest i.e., 53.6 percent came from urban areas. &nbsp;</p><p style="text-align:justify">&bull; Roughly 89.0 percent of female internal migrants in rural areas came from rural areas and the rest i.e., 11.0 percent came from urban areas. &nbsp;</p><p style="text-align:justify">&bull; Almost 54.8 percent of male internal migrants in urban areas came from rural areas and the rest i.e., 45.2 percent came from urban areas. &nbsp;</p><p style="text-align:justify">&bull; About 54.3 percent of female internal migrants in urban areas came from rural areas and the rest i.e., 45.7 percent came from urban areas. &nbsp;</p><p style="text-align:justify">&bull; The main reasons for migration among male migrants were: in search of employment/ better employment (22.8 percent); for employment/ work -- to take up employment/ to take up better employment/ business/ proximity to place of work/ transfer (20.1 percent); migration of parent/ earning member of the family (17.5 percent); and loss of job/ closure of unit/ lack of employment opportunities (6.7 percent).</p><p style="text-align:justify">&bull; The main reasons for migration among female migrants were: marriage (86.8 percent); migration of parent/ earning member of the family (7.3 percent); housing problem (0.8 percent); and for employment/ work -- to take up employment/ to take up better employment/ business/ proximity to place of work/ transfer (0.7 percent).</p><p style="text-align:justify">&bull; The percentage share of male migrants who migrated after March 2020 in total migrants was 12.4 percent in rural areas, 5.6 percent in urban areas, and 8.3 at the national level.</p><p style="text-align:justify">&bull; The percentage share of female migrants who migrated after March 2020 in total migrants was 1.8 percent in rural areas, 2.3 percent in urban areas, and 2.0 at the national level.</p><p style="text-align:justify">&bull; The percentage share of migrants who migrated after March 2020 in total migrants was 3.0 percent in rural areas, 3.4 percent in urban areas and 3.1 at the national level.</p><p style="text-align:justify">&bull; The percentage of temporary visitors in the population residing temporarily in a place different from usual place of residence was 0.7 percent -- 0.7 percent in rural areas (male: 0.9 percent; female: 0.5 percent) and 0.6 percent in urban areas (male: 0.6 percent; female: 0.6 percent).</p><p style="text-align:justify"><strong><em>Important concepts</em></strong></p><p style="text-align:justify">&bull; Usual Place of Residence (UPR) of a person is the place&nbsp;(village/town) where the person has been staying continuously for at least six months. Even if a person was not staying in the village/town continuously for six but was found to be staying there during the survey with intention to stay there continuously for six months or more then that place was as his/her UPR.</p><p style="text-align:justify">&bull; Migrants are those whose last usual place of residence is different from the present place of enumeration.&nbsp;Usual place of residence is the place (village/town)&nbsp;where the person stayed continuously for a period of 6 months or more or intends to stay for 6 months of&nbsp;more.</p><p style="text-align:justify">&bull; Migration rate for any category of person (say, for rural or urban, male or female), is the percentage of migrants belonging to that category of persons.</p><p style="text-align:justify">&bull; For the purpose of this survey, temporary visitors in&nbsp;the household are those persons who arrived after March 2020 and stayed in the household continuously for a period of 15 days or more but less than 6 months.</p><p>&nbsp;</p><p>                                                                    <br>
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KEY TRENDS&nbsp;


&bull; The&nbsp;new&nbsp;Cohort-based&nbsp;Migration&nbsp;Metric (CMM)&nbsp;shows that&nbsp;inter-state labor mobility averaged 5-6.5 million people between 2001 and 2011, yielding an inter-state migrant population of about 60 million and an inter-district&nbsp;migration as high as 80 million @*

&bull; The first-ever estimates of internal work-related migration..."/>
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KEY TRENDS&nbsp;


&bull; The&nbsp;new&nbsp;Cohort-based&nbsp;Migration&nbsp;Metric (CMM)&nbsp;shows that&nbsp;inter-state labor mobility averaged 5-6.5 million people between 2001 and 2011, yielding an inter-state migrant population of about 60 million and an inter-district&nbsp;migration as high as 80 million @*

&bull; The first-ever estimates of internal work-related migration..." />
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                                            <h2 style="font-weight: bold; font-size: 13px;">What's Inside</h2>
                                            <ul class="whatsinside">
                                                                                                    <li>
                                                        <a href="https://im4change.in/farm-crisis/migration-34.html?pgno=2#global-trends-forced-displacement-in-2021-released-in-june-2022">Global Trends: Forced Displacement in 2021 (released in June 2022)</a>
                                                    </li>
                                                                                                        <li>
                                                        <a href="https://im4change.in/farm-crisis/migration-34.html?pgno=3#migration-in-india-july-2020-june-2021-released-on-june-14-2022">Migration in India July 2020-June 2021 (released on June 14, 2022)</a>
                                                    </li>
                                                                                                        <li>
                                                        <a href="https://im4change.in/farm-crisis/migration-34.html?pgno=4#voices-of-the-invisible-citizens-ii-one-year-of-covid-19-are-we-seeing-shifts-in-internal-migration-patterns-in-india-released-on-25th-june-2021">Voices of the Invisible Citizens II: One year of COVID-19 -- Are we seeing shifts in internal migration patterns in India? (released on 25th June, 2021)</a>
                                                    </li>
                                                                                                        <li>
                                                        <a href="https://im4change.in/farm-crisis/migration-34.html?pgno=5#no-country-for-workers-the-covid-19-second-wave-local-lockdowns-and-migrant-worker-distress-in-india-released-on-16th-june-2021">No Country for Workers: The COVID-19 Second Wave, Local Lockdowns and Migrant Worker Distress in India (released on 16th June, 2021)</a>
                                                    </li>
                                                                                                        <li>
                                                        <a href="https://im4change.in/farm-crisis/migration-34.html?pgno=5#press-release-by-stranded-workers-action-network-swan-dated-5th-may-2021">Press release by Stranded Workers Action Network (SWAN) dated 5th May, 2021</a>
                                                    </li>
                                                                                                        <li>
                                                        <a href="https://im4change.in/farm-crisis/migration-34.html?pgno=6#covid-19-emergence-spread-and-its-impact-on-the-indian-economy-and-migrant-workers-released-in-april-2021">COVID-19: Emergence, Spread and Its Impact on the Indian Economy and Migrant Workers (released in April 2021)</a>
                                                    </li>
                                                                                                        <li>
                                                        <a href="https://im4change.in/farm-crisis/migration-34.html?pgno=7#understanding-the-effect-of-the-covid-19-pandemic-on-migrant-construction-workers-in-india-released-in-december-2020">Understanding the Effect of the COVID-19 Pandemic on Migrant Construction Workers in India (released in December 2020)</a>
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                                                                                                        <li>
                                                        <a href="https://im4change.in/farm-crisis/migration-34.html?pgno=8#road-map-for-developing-a-policy-framework-for-the-inclusion-of-internal-migrant-workers-in-india-released-in-december-2020">Road map for developing a policy framework for the inclusion of internal migrant workers in India (released in December, 2020)</a>
                                                    </li>
                                                                                                        <li>
                                                        <a href="https://im4change.in/farm-crisis/migration-34.html?pgno=8#citizens-and-the-sovereign-stories-from-the-largest-human-exodus-in-contemporary-indian-history-released-in-november-2020">Citizens and the Sovereign: Stories from the Largest Human Exodus in Contemporary Indian History (released in November 2020)</a>
                                                    </li>
                                                                                                        <li>
                                                        <a href="https://im4change.in/farm-crisis/migration-34.html?pgno=8#survey-on-migrant-workers-a-study-on-their-livelihood-after-reverse-migration-due-to-lockdown-released-in-october-2020">Survey on Migrant Workers: A Study on their Livelihood after Reverse Migration due to Lockdown (released in October 2020)</a>
                                                    </li>
                                                                                                </ul>
                                                                                            <div><a href="javascript:void(0)" id="morewhatsinsidelink" onClick="javascript:$('#morewhatsinside').show();$('#morewhatsinsidelink').hide();$('#lesswhatsinsidelink').show();">More</a></div>
                                                                                            <ul class="whatsinside" id="morewhatsinside" style="display:none">
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                                                        <a href="https://im4change.in/farm-crisis/migration-34.html?pgno=8#response-by-stranded-workers-action-network-swan-dated-15th-september-2020">Response by Stranded Workers Action Network (SWAN) dated 15th September, 2020</a>
                                                    </li>
                                                                                                        <li>
                                                        <a href="https://im4change.in/farm-crisis/migration-34.html?pgno=8#after-the-long-marches-what-do-workers-want-released-on-31st-august-2020">After the long marches: What do workers want? (released on 31st August, 2020)</a>
                                                    </li>
                                                                                                        <li>
                                                        <a href="https://im4change.in/farm-crisis/migration-34.html?pgno=8#garment-workers-in-indiarsquos-lockdown-semi-starvation-and-de-humanisation-lead-to-exodus-released-in-june-2020">Garment Workers in India&rsquo;s Lockdown Semi-Starvation and De-humanisation Lead to Exodus (released in June 2020)</a>
                                                    </li>
                                                                                                        <li>
                                                        <a href="https://im4change.in/farm-crisis/migration-34.html?pgno=9#to-leave-or-not-to-leave-lockdown-migrant-workers-and-their-journeys-home-released-on-5th-june-2020">To Leave or Not to Leave? Lockdown, Migrant Workers, and Their Journeys Home (released on 5th June, 2020)</a>
                                                    </li>
                                                                                                        <li>
                                                        <a href="https://im4change.in/farm-crisis/migration-34.html?pgno=9#39unlocking-the-urban-reimagining-migrant-lives-in-cities-post-covid-1939-released-on-1st-may-2020">&#39;Unlocking the Urban: Reimagining Migrant Lives in Cities Post-COVID 19&#39; (released on 1st May, 2020)</a>
                                                    </li>
                                                                                                        <li>
                                                        <a href="https://im4change.in/farm-crisis/migration-34.html?pgno=10#covid-19-crisis-through-a-migration-lens-released-on-22nd-april-2020">COVID-19 Crisis Through a Migration Lens (released on 22nd April, 2020)</a>
                                                    </li>
                                                                                                        <li>
                                                        <a href="https://im4change.in/farm-crisis/migration-34.html?pgno=10#borders-of-an-epidemic-covid-19-and-migrant-workers-edited-by-prof-ranabir-samaddar-mahanirban-calcutta-research-group-2020">Borders of an Epidemic: COVID-19 and Migrant Workers, edited by Prof. Ranabir Samaddar, Mahanirban Calcutta Research Group, 2020</a>
                                                    </li>
                                                                                                        <li>
                                                        <a href="https://im4change.in/farm-crisis/migration-34.html?pgno=11#21-days-and-counting-covid-19-lockdown-migrant-workers-and-the-inadequacy-of-welfare-measures-in-india-released-on-14-april-2020">21 Days and Counting: COVID-19 Lockdown, Migrant Workers, and the Inadequacy of Welfare Measures in India (released on 14 April, 2020)</a>
                                                    </li>
                                                                                                        <li>
                                                        <a href="https://im4change.in/farm-crisis/migration-34.html?pgno=12#first-round-of-delhi-national-capital-region-coronavirus-telephone-survey-conducted-by-ncaer-released-on-12th-april-2020">First Round of Delhi National Capital Region Coronavirus Telephone Survey conducted by NCAER (released on 12th April, 2020)</a>
                                                    </li>
                                                                                                        <li>
                                                        <a href="https://im4change.in/farm-crisis/migration-34.html?pgno=13#voices-of-the-invisible-citizens-a-rapid-assessment-of-the-impact-of-covid-19-lockdown-on-internal-migrant-workers-recommendations-for-the-state-industry-philanthropies-released-in-april-2020">Voices of the Invisible Citizens: A Rapid Assessment of the Impact of COVID-19 Lockdown on Internal Migrant Workers -- Recommendations for the State, Industry &amp; Philanthropies (released in April 2020)</a>
                                                    </li>
                                                                                                        <li>
                                                        <a href="https://im4change.in/farm-crisis/migration-34.html?pgno=14#human-cost-of-sugar-living-and-workiing-conditions-of-migrant-cane-cutters-in-maharashtra-released-in-february-2020">Human Cost of Sugar: Living and Workiing Conditions of Migrant Cane-cutters in Maharashtra (released in February 2020)</a>
                                                    </li>
                                                                                                        <li>
                                                        <a href="https://im4change.in/farm-crisis/migration-34.html?pgno=14#interstate-migrants-policy-index-impex-2019">Interstate Migrants Policy Index (IMPEX) 2019</a>
                                                    </li>
                                                                                                        <li>
                                                        <a href="https://im4change.in/farm-crisis/migration-34.html?pgno=15#report-of-the-working-group-on-migration-released-in-january-2017">Report of the Working Group on Migration (released in January 2017)</a>
                                                    </li>
                                                                                                        <li>
                                                        <a href="https://im4change.in/farm-crisis/migration-34.html?pgno=15#economic-survey-2016-17-released-in-january-2017">Economic Survey 2016-17 (released in January, 2017)</a>
                                                    </li>
                                                                                                        <li>
                                                        <a href="https://im4change.in/farm-crisis/migration-34.html?pgno=16#concept-note-prepared-for-the-national-seminar-entitled-39contesting-spaces-negotiating-development-a-dialogue-on-domestic-migrants-state-and-inclusive-citizenship-in-indiarsquo-25-26-march-2016">Concept Note prepared for the national seminar entitled: &#39;Contesting Spaces &amp; Negotiating Development: A Dialogue on Domestic Migrants, State and Inclusive Citizenship in India&rsquo; (25-26 March 2016)</a>
                                                    </li>
                                                                                                        <li>
                                                        <a href="https://im4change.in/farm-crisis/migration-34.html?pgno=17#social-inclusion-of-internal-migrants-in-india-2013">Social Inclusion of Internal Migrants in India (2013)</a>
                                                    </li>
                                                                                                        <li>
                                                        <a href="https://im4change.in/farm-crisis/migration-34.html?pgno=18#migration-and-gender-in-india-by-indrani-mazumdar-n-neetha-and-indu-agnihotri">Migration and Gender in India by Indrani Mazumdar, N Neetha and Indu Agnihotri</a>
                                                    </li>
                                                                                                        <li>
                                                        <a href="https://im4change.in/farm-crisis/migration-34.html?pgno=19#migration-in-india-2007-08-national-sample-survey">Migration in India, 2007-08, National Sample Survey</a>
                                                    </li>
                                                                                                        <li>
                                                        <a href="https://im4change.in/farm-crisis/migration-34.html?pgno=19#managing-the-exodus-grounding-migration-in-india">Managing the Exodus: Grounding Migration in India</a>
                                                    </li>
                                                                                                        <li>
                                                        <a href="https://im4change.in/farm-crisis/migration-34.html?pgno=20#internal-displacement-global-overview-of-trends-and-developments-in-2009">Internal Displacement: Global Overview of Trends and Developments in 2009</a>
                                                    </li>
                                                                                                        <li>
                                                        <a href="https://im4change.in/farm-crisis/migration-34.html?pgno=20#11supthsup-five-year-plan-planning-commission">11th Five Year Plan, Planning Commission</a>
                                                    </li>
                                                                                                        <li>
                                                        <a href="https://im4change.in/farm-crisis/migration-34.html?pgno=20#national-commission-for-enterprises-in-the-unorganised-sector-nceus-2007">National Commission for Enterprises in the Unorganised Sector--NCEUS (2007)</a>
                                                    </li>
                                                                                                        <li>
                                                        <a href="https://im4change.in/farm-crisis/migration-34.html?pgno=20#large-dam-projects-and-displacement-in-india">Large Dam Projects and Displacement in India</a>
                                                    </li>
                                                                                                        <li>
                                                        <a href="https://im4change.in/farm-crisis/migration-34.html?pgno=20#in-the-name-of-national-pride-2009">In the Name of National Pride (2009)</a>
                                                    </li>
                                                                                                </ul>
                                            <div><a style="display:none" href="javascript:void(0)" id="lesswhatsinsidelink" onClick="javascript:$('#morewhatsinside').hide();$('#morewhatsinsidelink').show();$('#lesswhatsinsidelink').hide();">Less</a></div>
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                            </p><p style="text-align:justify"><br />The key findings of the Periodic Labour Force Survey report titled <a name="migration-in-india-july-2020-june-2021-released-on-june-14-2022">Migration in India July 2020-June 2021 (released on June 14, 2022)</a>, which has been prepared by National Statistical Office (NSO), Ministry of Statistics and Programme Implementation (MoSPI), are as follows (please <a href="/upload/files/Full%20report%20Migration%20in%20India%202020-21.pdf" title="/upload/files/Full%20report%20Migration%20in%20India%202020-21.pdf">click here</a> and <a href="/upload/files/3_Draft_press_note_Migration_PLFS_2020_21.docx1655189017846.pdf" title="/upload/files/3_Draft_press_note_Migration_PLFS_2020_21.docx1655189017846.pdf">here</a> to access):&nbsp;</p><p style="text-align:justify">&bull; The fieldwork of PLFS was suspended first time from 18.03.2020 due to COVID-19 pandemic, and was resumed in June 2020 with the pending samples for this period. This, therefore, had a spillover effect in completion of field work allotted for the survey period July 2020 to June 2021. Subsequently, there was another spill-over effect due to the 2nd wave of COVID-19 when the field work of PLFS was again suspended in April 2021 in most parts of the country. The field work was gradually resumed in the first week of June 2021 with COVID-19 related restrictions.</p><p style="text-align:justify">&bull; The Periodic Labour Force Survey covered 59,019 migrants (rural male: 7,238 and rural female: 51,781) in rural areas and 54,979 migrants (urban male: 17,654 and urban female: 37,325) in urban areas. &nbsp;</p><p style="text-align:justify">&bull; The PLFS covered 1,550 temporary visitors in rural areas (rural male: 960 and rural female: 590) and 851 temporary visitors in urban areas (urban male: 450 and urban female: 401). For temporary visitors, the present place of residence (where he/she was residing temporarily) differed from their usual place of residence.</p><p style="text-align:justify">&bull; The migration rate was higher in urban areas (34.9 percent) as compared to rural areas (26.5 percent). The rate of migration was higher among females (rural females: 48.0 percent; urban females: 47.8 percent) in comparison to males (rural males: 5.9 percent; urban males: 22.5 percent) in both rural and urban areas.&nbsp;<br />&nbsp;<br />&bull; For male migrants in rural areas, the location of last usual place of residence was rural areas for 44.6 percent of them, urban areas for 51.6 percent of them, and another country for 3.9 percent of them.&nbsp;</p><p style="text-align:justify">&bull; For female migrants in rural areas, the location of last usual place of residence was rural areas for 88.8 percent of them, urban areas for 11.0 percent of them, and another country for 0.2 percent of them.&nbsp;</p><p style="text-align:justify">&bull; For male migrants in urban areas, the location of last usual place of residence was rural areas for 53.7 percent of them, urban areas for 44.1 percent of them, and another country for 2.3 percent of them.&nbsp;</p><p style="text-align:justify">&bull; For female migrants in urban areas, the location of last usual place of residence was rural areas for 54.0 percent of them, urban areas for 45.6 percent of them, and another country for 0.4 percent of them.&nbsp;</p><p style="text-align:justify">&bull; Around 46.4 percent of male internal migrants in rural areas came from rural areas and the rest i.e., 53.6 percent came from urban areas. &nbsp;</p><p style="text-align:justify">&bull; Roughly 89.0 percent of female internal migrants in rural areas came from rural areas and the rest i.e., 11.0 percent came from urban areas. &nbsp;</p><p style="text-align:justify">&bull; Almost 54.8 percent of male internal migrants in urban areas came from rural areas and the rest i.e., 45.2 percent came from urban areas. &nbsp;</p><p style="text-align:justify">&bull; About 54.3 percent of female internal migrants in urban areas came from rural areas and the rest i.e., 45.7 percent came from urban areas. &nbsp;</p><p style="text-align:justify">&bull; The main reasons for migration among male migrants were: in search of employment/ better employment (22.8 percent); for employment/ work -- to take up employment/ to take up better employment/ business/ proximity to place of work/ transfer (20.1 percent); migration of parent/ earning member of the family (17.5 percent); and loss of job/ closure of unit/ lack of employment opportunities (6.7 percent).</p><p style="text-align:justify">&bull; The main reasons for migration among female migrants were: marriage (86.8 percent); migration of parent/ earning member of the family (7.3 percent); housing problem (0.8 percent); and for employment/ work -- to take up employment/ to take up better employment/ business/ proximity to place of work/ transfer (0.7 percent).</p><p style="text-align:justify">&bull; The percentage share of male migrants who migrated after March 2020 in total migrants was 12.4 percent in rural areas, 5.6 percent in urban areas, and 8.3 at the national level.</p><p style="text-align:justify">&bull; The percentage share of female migrants who migrated after March 2020 in total migrants was 1.8 percent in rural areas, 2.3 percent in urban areas, and 2.0 at the national level.</p><p style="text-align:justify">&bull; The percentage share of migrants who migrated after March 2020 in total migrants was 3.0 percent in rural areas, 3.4 percent in urban areas and 3.1 at the national level.</p><p style="text-align:justify">&bull; The percentage of temporary visitors in the population residing temporarily in a place different from usual place of residence was 0.7 percent -- 0.7 percent in rural areas (male: 0.9 percent; female: 0.5 percent) and 0.6 percent in urban areas (male: 0.6 percent; female: 0.6 percent).</p><p style="text-align:justify"><strong><em>Important concepts</em></strong></p><p style="text-align:justify">&bull; Usual Place of Residence (UPR) of a person is the place&nbsp;(village/town) where the person has been staying continuously for at least six months. Even if a person was not staying in the village/town continuously for six but was found to be staying there during the survey with intention to stay there continuously for six months or more then that place was as his/her UPR.</p><p style="text-align:justify">&bull; Migrants are those whose last usual place of residence is different from the present place of enumeration.&nbsp;Usual place of residence is the place (village/town)&nbsp;where the person stayed continuously for a period of 6 months or more or intends to stay for 6 months of&nbsp;more.</p><p style="text-align:justify">&bull; Migration rate for any category of person (say, for rural or urban, male or female), is the percentage of migrants belonging to that category of persons.</p><p style="text-align:justify">&bull; For the purpose of this survey, temporary visitors in&nbsp;the household are those persons who arrived after March 2020 and stayed in the household continuously for a period of 15 days or more but less than 6 months.</p><p>&nbsp;</p><p>                                                                    <br>
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Migration

What's Inside Global Trends: Forced Displacement in 2021 (released in June 2022) Migration in India July 2020-June 2021 (released on June 14, 2022) Voices of the Invisible Citizens II: One year of COVID-19 -- Are we seeing shifts in internal migration patterns in India? (released on 25th June, 2021) No Country for Workers: The COVID-19 Second Wave, Local Lockdowns and Migrant Worker Distress in India (released on 16th June, 2021) Press release by Stranded Workers Action Network (SWAN) dated 5th May, 2021 COVID-19: Emergence, Spread and Its Impact on the Indian Economy and Migrant Workers (released in April 2021) Understanding the Effect of the COVID-19 Pandemic on Migrant Construction Workers in India (released in December 2020) Road map for developing a policy framework for the inclusion of internal migrant workers in India (released in December, 2020) Citizens and the Sovereign: Stories from the Largest Human Exodus in Contemporary Indian History (released in November 2020) Survey on Migrant Workers: A Study on their Livelihood after Reverse Migration due to Lockdown (released in October 2020) More Response by Stranded Workers Action Network (SWAN) dated 15th September, 2020 After the long marches: What do workers want? (released on 31st August, 2020) Garment Workers in India’s Lockdown Semi-Starvation and De-humanisation Lead to Exodus (released in June 2020) To Leave or Not to Leave? Lockdown, Migrant Workers, and Their Journeys Home (released on 5th June, 2020) 'Unlocking the Urban: Reimagining Migrant Lives in Cities Post-COVID 19' (released on 1st May, 2020) COVID-19 Crisis Through a Migration Lens (released on 22nd April, 2020) Borders of an Epidemic: COVID-19 and Migrant Workers, edited by Prof. Ranabir Samaddar, Mahanirban Calcutta Research Group, 2020 21 Days and Counting: COVID-19 Lockdown, Migrant Workers, and the Inadequacy of Welfare Measures in India (released on 14 April, 2020) First Round of Delhi National Capital Region Coronavirus Telephone Survey conducted by NCAER (released on 12th April, 2020) Voices of the Invisible Citizens: A Rapid Assessment of the Impact of COVID-19 Lockdown on Internal Migrant Workers -- Recommendations for the State, Industry & Philanthropies (released in April 2020) Human Cost of Sugar: Living and Workiing Conditions of Migrant Cane-cutters in Maharashtra (released in February 2020) Interstate Migrants Policy Index (IMPEX) 2019 Report of the Working Group on Migration (released in January 2017) Economic Survey 2016-17 (released in January, 2017) Concept Note prepared for the national seminar entitled: 'Contesting Spaces & Negotiating Development: A Dialogue on Domestic Migrants, State and Inclusive Citizenship in India’ (25-26 March 2016) Social Inclusion of Internal Migrants in India (2013) Migration and Gender in India by Indrani Mazumdar, N Neetha and Indu Agnihotri Migration in India, 2007-08, National Sample Survey Managing the Exodus: Grounding Migration in India Internal Displacement: Global Overview of Trends and Developments in 2009 11th Five Year Plan, Planning Commission National Commission for Enterprises in the Unorganised Sector--NCEUS (2007) Large Dam Projects and Displacement in India In the Name of National Pride (2009) Less The key findings of the Periodic Labour Force Survey report titled Migration in India July 2020-June 2021 (released on June 14, 2022), which has been prepared by National Statistical Office (NSO), Ministry of Statistics and Programme Implementation (MoSPI), are as follows (please click here and here to access):  • The fieldwork of PLFS was suspended first time from 18.03.2020 due to COVID-19 pandemic, and was resumed in June 2020 with the pending samples for this period. This, therefore, had a spillover effect in completion of field work allotted for the survey period July 2020 to June 2021. Subsequently, there was another spill-over effect due to the 2nd wave of COVID-19 when the field work of PLFS was again suspended in April 2021 in most parts of the country. The field work was gradually resumed in the first week of June 2021 with COVID-19 related restrictions. • The Periodic Labour Force Survey covered 59,019 migrants (rural male: 7,238 and rural female: 51,781) in rural areas and 54,979 migrants (urban male: 17,654 and urban female: 37,325) in urban areas.   • The PLFS covered 1,550 temporary visitors in rural areas (rural male: 960 and rural female: 590) and 851 temporary visitors in urban areas (urban male: 450 and urban female: 401). For temporary visitors, the present place of residence (where he/she was residing temporarily) differed from their usual place of residence. • The migration rate was higher in urban areas (34.9 percent) as compared to rural areas (26.5 percent). The rate of migration was higher among females (rural females: 48.0 percent; urban females: 47.8 percent) in comparison to males (rural males: 5.9 percent; urban males: 22.5 percent) in both rural and urban areas.    • For male migrants in rural areas, the location of last usual place of residence was rural areas for 44.6 percent of them, urban areas for 51.6 percent of them, and another country for 3.9 percent of them.  • For female migrants in rural areas, the location of last usual place of residence was rural areas for 88.8 percent of them, urban areas for 11.0 percent of them, and another country for 0.2 percent of them.  • For male migrants in urban areas, the location of last usual place of residence was rural areas for 53.7 percent of them, urban areas for 44.1 percent of them, and another country for 2.3 percent of them.  • For female migrants in urban areas, the location of last usual place of residence was rural areas for 54.0 percent of them, urban areas for 45.6 percent of them, and another country for 0.4 percent of them.  • Around 46.4 percent of male internal migrants in rural areas came from rural areas and the rest i.e., 53.6 percent came from urban areas.   • Roughly 89.0 percent of female internal migrants in rural areas came from rural areas and the rest i.e., 11.0 percent came from urban areas.   • Almost 54.8 percent of male internal migrants in urban areas came from rural areas and the rest i.e., 45.2 percent came from urban areas.   • About 54.3 percent of female internal migrants in urban areas came from rural areas and the rest i.e., 45.7 percent came from urban areas.   • The main reasons for migration among male migrants were: in search of employment/ better employment (22.8 percent); for employment/ work -- to take up employment/ to take up better employment/ business/ proximity to place of work/ transfer (20.1 percent); migration of parent/ earning member of the family (17.5 percent); and loss of job/ closure of unit/ lack of employment opportunities (6.7 percent). • The main reasons for migration among female migrants were: marriage (86.8 percent); migration of parent/ earning member of the family (7.3 percent); housing problem (0.8 percent); and for employment/ work -- to take up employment/ to take up better employment/ business/ proximity to place of work/ transfer (0.7 percent). • The percentage share of male migrants who migrated after March 2020 in total migrants was 12.4 percent in rural areas, 5.6 percent in urban areas, and 8.3 at the national level. • The percentage share of female migrants who migrated after March 2020 in total migrants was 1.8 percent in rural areas, 2.3 percent in urban areas, and 2.0 at the national level. • The percentage share of migrants who migrated after March 2020 in total migrants was 3.0 percent in rural areas, 3.4 percent in urban areas and 3.1 at the national level. • The percentage of temporary visitors in the population residing temporarily in a place different from usual place of residence was 0.7 percent -- 0.7 percent in rural areas (male: 0.9 percent; female: 0.5 percent) and 0.6 percent in urban areas (male: 0.6 percent; female: 0.6 percent). Important concepts • Usual Place of Residence (UPR) of a person is the place (village/town) where the person has been staying continuously for at least six months. Even if a person was not staying in the village/town continuously for six but was found to be staying there during the survey with intention to stay there continuously for six months or more then that place was as his/her UPR. • Migrants are those whose last usual place of residence is different from the present place of enumeration. Usual place of residence is the place (village/town) where the person stayed continuously for a period of 6 months or more or intends to stay for 6 months of more. • Migration rate for any category of person (say, for rural or urban, male or female), is the percentage of migrants belonging to that category of persons. • For the purpose of this survey, temporary visitors in the household are those persons who arrived after March 2020 and stayed in the household continuously for a period of 15 days or more but less than 6 months.   « previous1234567891011121314151617181920next »

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