Deprecated (16384): The ArrayAccess methods will be removed in 4.0.0.Use getParam(), getData() and getQuery() instead. - /home/brlfuser/public_html/src/Controller/ArtileDetailController.php, line: 150
 You can disable deprecation warnings by setting `Error.errorLevel` to `E_ALL & ~E_USER_DEPRECATED` in your config/app.php. [CORE/src/Core/functions.php, line 311]
Code Context


        trigger_error($message, E_USER_DEPRECATED);

    }
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 You can disable deprecation warnings by setting `Error.errorLevel` to `E_ALL & ~E_USER_DEPRECATED` in your config/app.php.'
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deprecationWarning - CORE/src/Core/functions.php, line 311
Cake\Http\ServerRequest::offsetGet() - CORE/src/Http/ServerRequest.php, line 2421
App\Controller\ArtileDetailController::index() - APP/Controller/ArtileDetailController.php, line 150
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Cake\Http\ActionDispatcher::_invoke() - CORE/src/Http/ActionDispatcher.php, line 120
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Cake\Http\BaseApplication::__invoke() - CORE/src/Http/BaseApplication.php, line 235
Cake\Http\Runner::__invoke() - CORE/src/Http/Runner.php, line 65
Cake\Routing\Middleware\RoutingMiddleware::__invoke() - CORE/src/Routing/Middleware/RoutingMiddleware.php, line 162
Cake\Http\Runner::__invoke() - CORE/src/Http/Runner.php, line 65
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Cake\Http\Runner::__invoke() - CORE/src/Http/Runner.php, line 65
Cake\Error\Middleware\ErrorHandlerMiddleware::__invoke() - CORE/src/Error/Middleware/ErrorHandlerMiddleware.php, line 96
Cake\Http\Runner::__invoke() - CORE/src/Http/Runner.php, line 65
Cake\Http\Runner::run() - CORE/src/Http/Runner.php, line 51
Cake\Http\Server::run() - CORE/src/Http/Server.php, line 98

Deprecated (16384): The ArrayAccess methods will be removed in 4.0.0.Use getParam(), getData() and getQuery() instead. - /home/brlfuser/public_html/src/Controller/ArtileDetailController.php, line: 151
 You can disable deprecation warnings by setting `Error.errorLevel` to `E_ALL & ~E_USER_DEPRECATED` in your config/app.php. [CORE/src/Core/functions.php, line 311]
Code Context


        trigger_error($message, E_USER_DEPRECATED);

    }
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 You can disable deprecation warnings by setting `Error.errorLevel` to `E_ALL & ~E_USER_DEPRECATED` in your config/app.php.'
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deprecationWarning - CORE/src/Core/functions.php, line 311
Cake\Http\ServerRequest::offsetGet() - CORE/src/Http/ServerRequest.php, line 2421
App\Controller\ArtileDetailController::index() - APP/Controller/ArtileDetailController.php, line 151
Cake\Controller\Controller::invokeAction() - CORE/src/Controller/Controller.php, line 610
Cake\Http\ActionDispatcher::_invoke() - CORE/src/Http/ActionDispatcher.php, line 120
Cake\Http\ActionDispatcher::dispatch() - CORE/src/Http/ActionDispatcher.php, line 94
Cake\Http\BaseApplication::__invoke() - CORE/src/Http/BaseApplication.php, line 235
Cake\Http\Runner::__invoke() - CORE/src/Http/Runner.php, line 65
Cake\Routing\Middleware\RoutingMiddleware::__invoke() - CORE/src/Routing/Middleware/RoutingMiddleware.php, line 162
Cake\Http\Runner::__invoke() - CORE/src/Http/Runner.php, line 65
Cake\Routing\Middleware\AssetMiddleware::__invoke() - CORE/src/Routing/Middleware/AssetMiddleware.php, line 97
Cake\Http\Runner::__invoke() - CORE/src/Http/Runner.php, line 65
Cake\Error\Middleware\ErrorHandlerMiddleware::__invoke() - CORE/src/Error/Middleware/ErrorHandlerMiddleware.php, line 96
Cake\Http\Runner::__invoke() - CORE/src/Http/Runner.php, line 65
Cake\Http\Runner::run() - CORE/src/Http/Runner.php, line 51
Cake\Http\Server::run() - CORE/src/Http/Server.php, line 98

Warning (512): Unable to emit headers. Headers sent in file=/home/brlfuser/public_html/vendor/cakephp/cakephp/src/Error/Debugger.php line=853 [CORE/src/Http/ResponseEmitter.php, line 48]
Code Context
            if (Configure::read('debug')) {

                trigger_error($message, E_USER_WARNING);

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        Migration    </title>
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KEY TRENDS&nbsp;


&bull; The&nbsp;new&nbsp;Cohort-based&nbsp;Migration&nbsp;Metric (CMM)&nbsp;shows that&nbsp;inter-state labor mobility averaged 5-6.5 million people between 2001 and 2011, yielding an inter-state migrant population of about 60 million and an inter-district&nbsp;migration as high as 80 million @*

&bull; The first-ever estimates of internal work-related migration..."/>
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KEY TRENDS&nbsp;


&bull; The&nbsp;new&nbsp;Cohort-based&nbsp;Migration&nbsp;Metric (CMM)&nbsp;shows that&nbsp;inter-state labor mobility averaged 5-6.5 million people between 2001 and 2011, yielding an inter-state migrant population of about 60 million and an inter-district&nbsp;migration as high as 80 million @*

&bull; The first-ever estimates of internal work-related migration..." />
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                                            <h2 style="font-weight: bold; font-size: 13px;">What's Inside</h2>
                                            <ul class="whatsinside">
                                                                                                    <li>
                                                        <a href="https://im4change.in/farm-crisis/migration-34.html?pgno=2#global-trends-forced-displacement-in-2021-released-in-june-2022">Global Trends: Forced Displacement in 2021 (released in June 2022)</a>
                                                    </li>
                                                                                                        <li>
                                                        <a href="https://im4change.in/farm-crisis/migration-34.html?pgno=3#migration-in-india-july-2020-june-2021-released-on-june-14-2022">Migration in India July 2020-June 2021 (released on June 14, 2022)</a>
                                                    </li>
                                                                                                        <li>
                                                        <a href="https://im4change.in/farm-crisis/migration-34.html?pgno=4#voices-of-the-invisible-citizens-ii-one-year-of-covid-19-are-we-seeing-shifts-in-internal-migration-patterns-in-india-released-on-25th-june-2021">Voices of the Invisible Citizens II: One year of COVID-19 -- Are we seeing shifts in internal migration patterns in India? (released on 25th June, 2021)</a>
                                                    </li>
                                                                                                        <li>
                                                        <a href="https://im4change.in/farm-crisis/migration-34.html?pgno=5#no-country-for-workers-the-covid-19-second-wave-local-lockdowns-and-migrant-worker-distress-in-india-released-on-16th-june-2021">No Country for Workers: The COVID-19 Second Wave, Local Lockdowns and Migrant Worker Distress in India (released on 16th June, 2021)</a>
                                                    </li>
                                                                                                        <li>
                                                        <a href="https://im4change.in/farm-crisis/migration-34.html?pgno=5#press-release-by-stranded-workers-action-network-swan-dated-5th-may-2021">Press release by Stranded Workers Action Network (SWAN) dated 5th May, 2021</a>
                                                    </li>
                                                                                                        <li>
                                                        <a href="https://im4change.in/farm-crisis/migration-34.html?pgno=6#covid-19-emergence-spread-and-its-impact-on-the-indian-economy-and-migrant-workers-released-in-april-2021">COVID-19: Emergence, Spread and Its Impact on the Indian Economy and Migrant Workers (released in April 2021)</a>
                                                    </li>
                                                                                                        <li>
                                                        <a href="https://im4change.in/farm-crisis/migration-34.html?pgno=7#understanding-the-effect-of-the-covid-19-pandemic-on-migrant-construction-workers-in-india-released-in-december-2020">Understanding the Effect of the COVID-19 Pandemic on Migrant Construction Workers in India (released in December 2020)</a>
                                                    </li>
                                                                                                        <li>
                                                        <a href="https://im4change.in/farm-crisis/migration-34.html?pgno=8#road-map-for-developing-a-policy-framework-for-the-inclusion-of-internal-migrant-workers-in-india-released-in-december-2020">Road map for developing a policy framework for the inclusion of internal migrant workers in India (released in December, 2020)</a>
                                                    </li>
                                                                                                        <li>
                                                        <a href="https://im4change.in/farm-crisis/migration-34.html?pgno=8#citizens-and-the-sovereign-stories-from-the-largest-human-exodus-in-contemporary-indian-history-released-in-november-2020">Citizens and the Sovereign: Stories from the Largest Human Exodus in Contemporary Indian History (released in November 2020)</a>
                                                    </li>
                                                                                                        <li>
                                                        <a href="https://im4change.in/farm-crisis/migration-34.html?pgno=8#survey-on-migrant-workers-a-study-on-their-livelihood-after-reverse-migration-due-to-lockdown-released-in-october-2020">Survey on Migrant Workers: A Study on their Livelihood after Reverse Migration due to Lockdown (released in October 2020)</a>
                                                    </li>
                                                                                                </ul>
                                                                                            <div><a href="javascript:void(0)" id="morewhatsinsidelink" onClick="javascript:$('#morewhatsinside').show();$('#morewhatsinsidelink').hide();$('#lesswhatsinsidelink').show();">More</a></div>
                                                                                            <ul class="whatsinside" id="morewhatsinside" style="display:none">
                                                                                                    <li>
                                                        <a href="https://im4change.in/farm-crisis/migration-34.html?pgno=8#response-by-stranded-workers-action-network-swan-dated-15th-september-2020">Response by Stranded Workers Action Network (SWAN) dated 15th September, 2020</a>
                                                    </li>
                                                                                                        <li>
                                                        <a href="https://im4change.in/farm-crisis/migration-34.html?pgno=8#after-the-long-marches-what-do-workers-want-released-on-31st-august-2020">After the long marches: What do workers want? (released on 31st August, 2020)</a>
                                                    </li>
                                                                                                        <li>
                                                        <a href="https://im4change.in/farm-crisis/migration-34.html?pgno=8#garment-workers-in-indiarsquos-lockdown-semi-starvation-and-de-humanisation-lead-to-exodus-released-in-june-2020">Garment Workers in India&rsquo;s Lockdown Semi-Starvation and De-humanisation Lead to Exodus (released in June 2020)</a>
                                                    </li>
                                                                                                        <li>
                                                        <a href="https://im4change.in/farm-crisis/migration-34.html?pgno=9#to-leave-or-not-to-leave-lockdown-migrant-workers-and-their-journeys-home-released-on-5th-june-2020">To Leave or Not to Leave? Lockdown, Migrant Workers, and Their Journeys Home (released on 5th June, 2020)</a>
                                                    </li>
                                                                                                        <li>
                                                        <a href="https://im4change.in/farm-crisis/migration-34.html?pgno=9#39unlocking-the-urban-reimagining-migrant-lives-in-cities-post-covid-1939-released-on-1st-may-2020">&#39;Unlocking the Urban: Reimagining Migrant Lives in Cities Post-COVID 19&#39; (released on 1st May, 2020)</a>
                                                    </li>
                                                                                                        <li>
                                                        <a href="https://im4change.in/farm-crisis/migration-34.html?pgno=10#covid-19-crisis-through-a-migration-lens-released-on-22nd-april-2020">COVID-19 Crisis Through a Migration Lens (released on 22nd April, 2020)</a>
                                                    </li>
                                                                                                        <li>
                                                        <a href="https://im4change.in/farm-crisis/migration-34.html?pgno=10#borders-of-an-epidemic-covid-19-and-migrant-workers-edited-by-prof-ranabir-samaddar-mahanirban-calcutta-research-group-2020">Borders of an Epidemic: COVID-19 and Migrant Workers, edited by Prof. Ranabir Samaddar, Mahanirban Calcutta Research Group, 2020</a>
                                                    </li>
                                                                                                        <li>
                                                        <a href="https://im4change.in/farm-crisis/migration-34.html?pgno=11#21-days-and-counting-covid-19-lockdown-migrant-workers-and-the-inadequacy-of-welfare-measures-in-india-released-on-14-april-2020">21 Days and Counting: COVID-19 Lockdown, Migrant Workers, and the Inadequacy of Welfare Measures in India (released on 14 April, 2020)</a>
                                                    </li>
                                                                                                        <li>
                                                        <a href="https://im4change.in/farm-crisis/migration-34.html?pgno=12#first-round-of-delhi-national-capital-region-coronavirus-telephone-survey-conducted-by-ncaer-released-on-12th-april-2020">First Round of Delhi National Capital Region Coronavirus Telephone Survey conducted by NCAER (released on 12th April, 2020)</a>
                                                    </li>
                                                                                                        <li>
                                                        <a href="https://im4change.in/farm-crisis/migration-34.html?pgno=13#voices-of-the-invisible-citizens-a-rapid-assessment-of-the-impact-of-covid-19-lockdown-on-internal-migrant-workers-recommendations-for-the-state-industry-philanthropies-released-in-april-2020">Voices of the Invisible Citizens: A Rapid Assessment of the Impact of COVID-19 Lockdown on Internal Migrant Workers -- Recommendations for the State, Industry &amp; Philanthropies (released in April 2020)</a>
                                                    </li>
                                                                                                        <li>
                                                        <a href="https://im4change.in/farm-crisis/migration-34.html?pgno=14#human-cost-of-sugar-living-and-workiing-conditions-of-migrant-cane-cutters-in-maharashtra-released-in-february-2020">Human Cost of Sugar: Living and Workiing Conditions of Migrant Cane-cutters in Maharashtra (released in February 2020)</a>
                                                    </li>
                                                                                                        <li>
                                                        <a href="https://im4change.in/farm-crisis/migration-34.html?pgno=14#interstate-migrants-policy-index-impex-2019">Interstate Migrants Policy Index (IMPEX) 2019</a>
                                                    </li>
                                                                                                        <li>
                                                        <a href="https://im4change.in/farm-crisis/migration-34.html?pgno=15#report-of-the-working-group-on-migration-released-in-january-2017">Report of the Working Group on Migration (released in January 2017)</a>
                                                    </li>
                                                                                                        <li>
                                                        <a href="https://im4change.in/farm-crisis/migration-34.html?pgno=15#economic-survey-2016-17-released-in-january-2017">Economic Survey 2016-17 (released in January, 2017)</a>
                                                    </li>
                                                                                                        <li>
                                                        <a href="https://im4change.in/farm-crisis/migration-34.html?pgno=16#concept-note-prepared-for-the-national-seminar-entitled-39contesting-spaces-negotiating-development-a-dialogue-on-domestic-migrants-state-and-inclusive-citizenship-in-indiarsquo-25-26-march-2016">Concept Note prepared for the national seminar entitled: &#39;Contesting Spaces &amp; Negotiating Development: A Dialogue on Domestic Migrants, State and Inclusive Citizenship in India&rsquo; (25-26 March 2016)</a>
                                                    </li>
                                                                                                        <li>
                                                        <a href="https://im4change.in/farm-crisis/migration-34.html?pgno=17#social-inclusion-of-internal-migrants-in-india-2013">Social Inclusion of Internal Migrants in India (2013)</a>
                                                    </li>
                                                                                                        <li>
                                                        <a href="https://im4change.in/farm-crisis/migration-34.html?pgno=18#migration-and-gender-in-india-by-indrani-mazumdar-n-neetha-and-indu-agnihotri">Migration and Gender in India by Indrani Mazumdar, N Neetha and Indu Agnihotri</a>
                                                    </li>
                                                                                                        <li>
                                                        <a href="https://im4change.in/farm-crisis/migration-34.html?pgno=19#migration-in-india-2007-08-national-sample-survey">Migration in India, 2007-08, National Sample Survey</a>
                                                    </li>
                                                                                                        <li>
                                                        <a href="https://im4change.in/farm-crisis/migration-34.html?pgno=19#managing-the-exodus-grounding-migration-in-india">Managing the Exodus: Grounding Migration in India</a>
                                                    </li>
                                                                                                        <li>
                                                        <a href="https://im4change.in/farm-crisis/migration-34.html?pgno=20#internal-displacement-global-overview-of-trends-and-developments-in-2009">Internal Displacement: Global Overview of Trends and Developments in 2009</a>
                                                    </li>
                                                                                                        <li>
                                                        <a href="https://im4change.in/farm-crisis/migration-34.html?pgno=20#11supthsup-five-year-plan-planning-commission">11th Five Year Plan, Planning Commission</a>
                                                    </li>
                                                                                                        <li>
                                                        <a href="https://im4change.in/farm-crisis/migration-34.html?pgno=20#national-commission-for-enterprises-in-the-unorganised-sector-nceus-2007">National Commission for Enterprises in the Unorganised Sector--NCEUS (2007)</a>
                                                    </li>
                                                                                                        <li>
                                                        <a href="https://im4change.in/farm-crisis/migration-34.html?pgno=20#large-dam-projects-and-displacement-in-india">Large Dam Projects and Displacement in India</a>
                                                    </li>
                                                                                                        <li>
                                                        <a href="https://im4change.in/farm-crisis/migration-34.html?pgno=20#in-the-name-of-national-pride-2009">In the Name of National Pride (2009)</a>
                                                    </li>
                                                                                                </ul>
                                            <div><a style="display:none" href="javascript:void(0)" id="lesswhatsinsidelink" onClick="javascript:$('#morewhatsinside').hide();$('#morewhatsinsidelink').show();$('#lesswhatsinsidelink').hide();">Less</a></div>
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                                                    <div>
                            </p><p style="text-align:justify">&nbsp;</p><p style="text-align:justify">The key findings of the study entitled <a name="understanding-the-effect-of-the-covid-19-pandemic-on-migrant-construction-workers-in-india-released-in-december-2020">Understanding the Effect of the COVID-19 Pandemic on Migrant Construction Workers in India (released in December 2020)</a>, which has been prepared by Sattva Consulting and other organisations, are as follows (please click <a href="/upload/files/Sattva_GFEMS_Evidence-Learning-Booklet1.pdf" title="/upload/files/Sattva_GFEMS_Evidence-Learning-Booklet1.pdf">here</a> and <a href="/upload/files/www_sattva_co_in_publication_understanding_the_effect_of_the.pdf" title="/upload/files/www_sattva_co_in_publication_understanding_the_effect_of_the.pdf">here</a> to access):</p><p style="text-align:justify">&bull; Between June 2020 and August 2020, NEEV &ndash; a multi-stakeholder consortium of partners working to improve worker welfare in the construction sector in India &ndash; conducted remote surveys with over 10,000 migrant construction workers&nbsp;(who migrated from the Bundelkhand region to Delhi NCR) to understand the impact of the COVID-19 lockdown on their lives, jobs and personal well-being. The surveys conducted were based on Longitudinal Migration Tracking or LMT i.e. prospective migrants were enrolled first, then their basic demographic information was collected and their seasonal journeys to work in the construction industry was tracked.</p><p style="text-align:justify">&bull; Although 59,129 participants were contacted at least once for the study, responses of 18 percent of the total participants (i.e. n=10,464) who completed the survey as per the LMT methodology were finally taken into account to get the survey results. Most respondents were male (97 percent; n=10,106), and belonged to either a Scheduled Caste (65 percent; n=6,999), Other Backward Caste (25 percent, n=2,549) or Scheduled Tribe (5 percent, n=528) community.</p><p style="text-align:justify">&bull; Nearly, one-third of respondents had no formal education (n=3,443; 33 percent), a further 18 percent had only completed primary education (n=1,912; 18 percent), 24% had attained secondary education (n=2,469), while a quarter of respondents had completed 12th grade (n=2,274; 25 percent).</p><p style="text-align:justify">&bull; Ninety-five percent of workers surveyed (n=9,931) reported having a job in construction prior to March 2020, compared to only one-third (n=3,493) as of August 2020, indicating a 65 percent decrease in the number of participants employed in the construction sector during the pandemic.</p><p style="text-align:justify">&bull; It was found that around 52 percent of &mdash; or one out of every two &mdash; participants (n=5,177) did not have a monthly household income.</p><p style="text-align:justify">&bull; Among participants who were working prior to the COVID-19 lockdown, 72 percent (n=7,421) had received payment for their work while 28 percent (n=2,839) had not.</p><p style="text-align:justify">&bull; Of the respondents who reported that they had not received any financial or in-kind assistance, approximately 58 percent were unaware of the welfare schemes and benefits they were entitled to receive, and a further 27 percent were unable to receive benefits despite having the necessary documents.</p><p style="text-align:justify">&bull; Of the migrant construction workers surveyed, 40 percent (4,241) reported that they had received some form of support (primarily in the form of food rations).</p><p style="text-align:justify">&bull; Participants of this study borrowed money for meeting food requirements due to the pandemic at more than double the rate that existed prior to lockdown, reinforcing that food security is a critical concern for migrant workers in the construction sector at this time. Rising indebtedness among migrant workers in the construction industry increases the risk of modern slavery.</p><p style="text-align:justify">&bull; A significant proportion of respondents reported that they had no savings (34 percent; n=3,536), which not only increases the severity of the COVID-19 lockdown, but also the potential for these individuals to be pressed toward riskier employment ventures.</p><p style="text-align:justify">&bull; The study finds that the primary concern among migrant construction workers surveyed was food insecurity.</p><p style="text-align:justify">&bull; While the amount of ration allocated to each ration-card holder covered under the National Food Security Act was expanded during the crisis through the PM Garib Kalyan Ann Yojana scheme, the study findings indicate that a significant portion (33 percent of construction workers who responded) were not in possession of a ration card that would allow them to avail these benefits. Additionally, for those migrant workers who have ration cards, the lack of portability of these benefits to destination locations still presents a challenge.</p><p style="text-align:justify">&bull; The majority of migrant workers surveyed reported that they had not received any support from government welfare programmes.</p><p style="text-align:justify"><strong><em>[Shivangini Piplani, who is doing her MA in Finance and Investment (1st year) from Berlin School of Business and Innovation, assisted the Inclusive Media for Change team in preparing the summary of the study by Sattva Consulting and others. She did this work as part of her winter internship at the Inclusive Media for Change project in December 2020.]</em></strong></p><p style="text-align:justify">                                                                    <br>
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        Migration    </title>
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KEY TRENDS&nbsp;


&bull; The&nbsp;new&nbsp;Cohort-based&nbsp;Migration&nbsp;Metric (CMM)&nbsp;shows that&nbsp;inter-state labor mobility averaged 5-6.5 million people between 2001 and 2011, yielding an inter-state migrant population of about 60 million and an inter-district&nbsp;migration as high as 80 million @*

&bull; The first-ever estimates of internal work-related migration..."/>
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KEY TRENDS&nbsp;


&bull; The&nbsp;new&nbsp;Cohort-based&nbsp;Migration&nbsp;Metric (CMM)&nbsp;shows that&nbsp;inter-state labor mobility averaged 5-6.5 million people between 2001 and 2011, yielding an inter-state migrant population of about 60 million and an inter-district&nbsp;migration as high as 80 million @*

&bull; The first-ever estimates of internal work-related migration..." />
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                                            <h2 style="font-weight: bold; font-size: 13px;">What's Inside</h2>
                                            <ul class="whatsinside">
                                                                                                    <li>
                                                        <a href="https://im4change.in/farm-crisis/migration-34.html?pgno=2#global-trends-forced-displacement-in-2021-released-in-june-2022">Global Trends: Forced Displacement in 2021 (released in June 2022)</a>
                                                    </li>
                                                                                                        <li>
                                                        <a href="https://im4change.in/farm-crisis/migration-34.html?pgno=3#migration-in-india-july-2020-june-2021-released-on-june-14-2022">Migration in India July 2020-June 2021 (released on June 14, 2022)</a>
                                                    </li>
                                                                                                        <li>
                                                        <a href="https://im4change.in/farm-crisis/migration-34.html?pgno=4#voices-of-the-invisible-citizens-ii-one-year-of-covid-19-are-we-seeing-shifts-in-internal-migration-patterns-in-india-released-on-25th-june-2021">Voices of the Invisible Citizens II: One year of COVID-19 -- Are we seeing shifts in internal migration patterns in India? (released on 25th June, 2021)</a>
                                                    </li>
                                                                                                        <li>
                                                        <a href="https://im4change.in/farm-crisis/migration-34.html?pgno=5#no-country-for-workers-the-covid-19-second-wave-local-lockdowns-and-migrant-worker-distress-in-india-released-on-16th-june-2021">No Country for Workers: The COVID-19 Second Wave, Local Lockdowns and Migrant Worker Distress in India (released on 16th June, 2021)</a>
                                                    </li>
                                                                                                        <li>
                                                        <a href="https://im4change.in/farm-crisis/migration-34.html?pgno=5#press-release-by-stranded-workers-action-network-swan-dated-5th-may-2021">Press release by Stranded Workers Action Network (SWAN) dated 5th May, 2021</a>
                                                    </li>
                                                                                                        <li>
                                                        <a href="https://im4change.in/farm-crisis/migration-34.html?pgno=6#covid-19-emergence-spread-and-its-impact-on-the-indian-economy-and-migrant-workers-released-in-april-2021">COVID-19: Emergence, Spread and Its Impact on the Indian Economy and Migrant Workers (released in April 2021)</a>
                                                    </li>
                                                                                                        <li>
                                                        <a href="https://im4change.in/farm-crisis/migration-34.html?pgno=7#understanding-the-effect-of-the-covid-19-pandemic-on-migrant-construction-workers-in-india-released-in-december-2020">Understanding the Effect of the COVID-19 Pandemic on Migrant Construction Workers in India (released in December 2020)</a>
                                                    </li>
                                                                                                        <li>
                                                        <a href="https://im4change.in/farm-crisis/migration-34.html?pgno=8#road-map-for-developing-a-policy-framework-for-the-inclusion-of-internal-migrant-workers-in-india-released-in-december-2020">Road map for developing a policy framework for the inclusion of internal migrant workers in India (released in December, 2020)</a>
                                                    </li>
                                                                                                        <li>
                                                        <a href="https://im4change.in/farm-crisis/migration-34.html?pgno=8#citizens-and-the-sovereign-stories-from-the-largest-human-exodus-in-contemporary-indian-history-released-in-november-2020">Citizens and the Sovereign: Stories from the Largest Human Exodus in Contemporary Indian History (released in November 2020)</a>
                                                    </li>
                                                                                                        <li>
                                                        <a href="https://im4change.in/farm-crisis/migration-34.html?pgno=8#survey-on-migrant-workers-a-study-on-their-livelihood-after-reverse-migration-due-to-lockdown-released-in-october-2020">Survey on Migrant Workers: A Study on their Livelihood after Reverse Migration due to Lockdown (released in October 2020)</a>
                                                    </li>
                                                                                                </ul>
                                                                                            <div><a href="javascript:void(0)" id="morewhatsinsidelink" onClick="javascript:$('#morewhatsinside').show();$('#morewhatsinsidelink').hide();$('#lesswhatsinsidelink').show();">More</a></div>
                                                                                            <ul class="whatsinside" id="morewhatsinside" style="display:none">
                                                                                                    <li>
                                                        <a href="https://im4change.in/farm-crisis/migration-34.html?pgno=8#response-by-stranded-workers-action-network-swan-dated-15th-september-2020">Response by Stranded Workers Action Network (SWAN) dated 15th September, 2020</a>
                                                    </li>
                                                                                                        <li>
                                                        <a href="https://im4change.in/farm-crisis/migration-34.html?pgno=8#after-the-long-marches-what-do-workers-want-released-on-31st-august-2020">After the long marches: What do workers want? (released on 31st August, 2020)</a>
                                                    </li>
                                                                                                        <li>
                                                        <a href="https://im4change.in/farm-crisis/migration-34.html?pgno=8#garment-workers-in-indiarsquos-lockdown-semi-starvation-and-de-humanisation-lead-to-exodus-released-in-june-2020">Garment Workers in India&rsquo;s Lockdown Semi-Starvation and De-humanisation Lead to Exodus (released in June 2020)</a>
                                                    </li>
                                                                                                        <li>
                                                        <a href="https://im4change.in/farm-crisis/migration-34.html?pgno=9#to-leave-or-not-to-leave-lockdown-migrant-workers-and-their-journeys-home-released-on-5th-june-2020">To Leave or Not to Leave? Lockdown, Migrant Workers, and Their Journeys Home (released on 5th June, 2020)</a>
                                                    </li>
                                                                                                        <li>
                                                        <a href="https://im4change.in/farm-crisis/migration-34.html?pgno=9#39unlocking-the-urban-reimagining-migrant-lives-in-cities-post-covid-1939-released-on-1st-may-2020">&#39;Unlocking the Urban: Reimagining Migrant Lives in Cities Post-COVID 19&#39; (released on 1st May, 2020)</a>
                                                    </li>
                                                                                                        <li>
                                                        <a href="https://im4change.in/farm-crisis/migration-34.html?pgno=10#covid-19-crisis-through-a-migration-lens-released-on-22nd-april-2020">COVID-19 Crisis Through a Migration Lens (released on 22nd April, 2020)</a>
                                                    </li>
                                                                                                        <li>
                                                        <a href="https://im4change.in/farm-crisis/migration-34.html?pgno=10#borders-of-an-epidemic-covid-19-and-migrant-workers-edited-by-prof-ranabir-samaddar-mahanirban-calcutta-research-group-2020">Borders of an Epidemic: COVID-19 and Migrant Workers, edited by Prof. Ranabir Samaddar, Mahanirban Calcutta Research Group, 2020</a>
                                                    </li>
                                                                                                        <li>
                                                        <a href="https://im4change.in/farm-crisis/migration-34.html?pgno=11#21-days-and-counting-covid-19-lockdown-migrant-workers-and-the-inadequacy-of-welfare-measures-in-india-released-on-14-april-2020">21 Days and Counting: COVID-19 Lockdown, Migrant Workers, and the Inadequacy of Welfare Measures in India (released on 14 April, 2020)</a>
                                                    </li>
                                                                                                        <li>
                                                        <a href="https://im4change.in/farm-crisis/migration-34.html?pgno=12#first-round-of-delhi-national-capital-region-coronavirus-telephone-survey-conducted-by-ncaer-released-on-12th-april-2020">First Round of Delhi National Capital Region Coronavirus Telephone Survey conducted by NCAER (released on 12th April, 2020)</a>
                                                    </li>
                                                                                                        <li>
                                                        <a href="https://im4change.in/farm-crisis/migration-34.html?pgno=13#voices-of-the-invisible-citizens-a-rapid-assessment-of-the-impact-of-covid-19-lockdown-on-internal-migrant-workers-recommendations-for-the-state-industry-philanthropies-released-in-april-2020">Voices of the Invisible Citizens: A Rapid Assessment of the Impact of COVID-19 Lockdown on Internal Migrant Workers -- Recommendations for the State, Industry &amp; Philanthropies (released in April 2020)</a>
                                                    </li>
                                                                                                        <li>
                                                        <a href="https://im4change.in/farm-crisis/migration-34.html?pgno=14#human-cost-of-sugar-living-and-workiing-conditions-of-migrant-cane-cutters-in-maharashtra-released-in-february-2020">Human Cost of Sugar: Living and Workiing Conditions of Migrant Cane-cutters in Maharashtra (released in February 2020)</a>
                                                    </li>
                                                                                                        <li>
                                                        <a href="https://im4change.in/farm-crisis/migration-34.html?pgno=14#interstate-migrants-policy-index-impex-2019">Interstate Migrants Policy Index (IMPEX) 2019</a>
                                                    </li>
                                                                                                        <li>
                                                        <a href="https://im4change.in/farm-crisis/migration-34.html?pgno=15#report-of-the-working-group-on-migration-released-in-january-2017">Report of the Working Group on Migration (released in January 2017)</a>
                                                    </li>
                                                                                                        <li>
                                                        <a href="https://im4change.in/farm-crisis/migration-34.html?pgno=15#economic-survey-2016-17-released-in-january-2017">Economic Survey 2016-17 (released in January, 2017)</a>
                                                    </li>
                                                                                                        <li>
                                                        <a href="https://im4change.in/farm-crisis/migration-34.html?pgno=16#concept-note-prepared-for-the-national-seminar-entitled-39contesting-spaces-negotiating-development-a-dialogue-on-domestic-migrants-state-and-inclusive-citizenship-in-indiarsquo-25-26-march-2016">Concept Note prepared for the national seminar entitled: &#39;Contesting Spaces &amp; Negotiating Development: A Dialogue on Domestic Migrants, State and Inclusive Citizenship in India&rsquo; (25-26 March 2016)</a>
                                                    </li>
                                                                                                        <li>
                                                        <a href="https://im4change.in/farm-crisis/migration-34.html?pgno=17#social-inclusion-of-internal-migrants-in-india-2013">Social Inclusion of Internal Migrants in India (2013)</a>
                                                    </li>
                                                                                                        <li>
                                                        <a href="https://im4change.in/farm-crisis/migration-34.html?pgno=18#migration-and-gender-in-india-by-indrani-mazumdar-n-neetha-and-indu-agnihotri">Migration and Gender in India by Indrani Mazumdar, N Neetha and Indu Agnihotri</a>
                                                    </li>
                                                                                                        <li>
                                                        <a href="https://im4change.in/farm-crisis/migration-34.html?pgno=19#migration-in-india-2007-08-national-sample-survey">Migration in India, 2007-08, National Sample Survey</a>
                                                    </li>
                                                                                                        <li>
                                                        <a href="https://im4change.in/farm-crisis/migration-34.html?pgno=19#managing-the-exodus-grounding-migration-in-india">Managing the Exodus: Grounding Migration in India</a>
                                                    </li>
                                                                                                        <li>
                                                        <a href="https://im4change.in/farm-crisis/migration-34.html?pgno=20#internal-displacement-global-overview-of-trends-and-developments-in-2009">Internal Displacement: Global Overview of Trends and Developments in 2009</a>
                                                    </li>
                                                                                                        <li>
                                                        <a href="https://im4change.in/farm-crisis/migration-34.html?pgno=20#11supthsup-five-year-plan-planning-commission">11th Five Year Plan, Planning Commission</a>
                                                    </li>
                                                                                                        <li>
                                                        <a href="https://im4change.in/farm-crisis/migration-34.html?pgno=20#national-commission-for-enterprises-in-the-unorganised-sector-nceus-2007">National Commission for Enterprises in the Unorganised Sector--NCEUS (2007)</a>
                                                    </li>
                                                                                                        <li>
                                                        <a href="https://im4change.in/farm-crisis/migration-34.html?pgno=20#large-dam-projects-and-displacement-in-india">Large Dam Projects and Displacement in India</a>
                                                    </li>
                                                                                                        <li>
                                                        <a href="https://im4change.in/farm-crisis/migration-34.html?pgno=20#in-the-name-of-national-pride-2009">In the Name of National Pride (2009)</a>
                                                    </li>
                                                                                                </ul>
                                            <div><a style="display:none" href="javascript:void(0)" id="lesswhatsinsidelink" onClick="javascript:$('#morewhatsinside').hide();$('#morewhatsinsidelink').show();$('#lesswhatsinsidelink').hide();">Less</a></div>
                                                                                    </div>
                                    </div>
                                </div>
                            </div>
                                                    <div>
                            </p><p style="text-align:justify">&nbsp;</p><p style="text-align:justify">The key findings of the study entitled <a name="understanding-the-effect-of-the-covid-19-pandemic-on-migrant-construction-workers-in-india-released-in-december-2020">Understanding the Effect of the COVID-19 Pandemic on Migrant Construction Workers in India (released in December 2020)</a>, which has been prepared by Sattva Consulting and other organisations, are as follows (please click <a href="/upload/files/Sattva_GFEMS_Evidence-Learning-Booklet1.pdf" title="/upload/files/Sattva_GFEMS_Evidence-Learning-Booklet1.pdf">here</a> and <a href="/upload/files/www_sattva_co_in_publication_understanding_the_effect_of_the.pdf" title="/upload/files/www_sattva_co_in_publication_understanding_the_effect_of_the.pdf">here</a> to access):</p><p style="text-align:justify">&bull; Between June 2020 and August 2020, NEEV &ndash; a multi-stakeholder consortium of partners working to improve worker welfare in the construction sector in India &ndash; conducted remote surveys with over 10,000 migrant construction workers&nbsp;(who migrated from the Bundelkhand region to Delhi NCR) to understand the impact of the COVID-19 lockdown on their lives, jobs and personal well-being. The surveys conducted were based on Longitudinal Migration Tracking or LMT i.e. prospective migrants were enrolled first, then their basic demographic information was collected and their seasonal journeys to work in the construction industry was tracked.</p><p style="text-align:justify">&bull; Although 59,129 participants were contacted at least once for the study, responses of 18 percent of the total participants (i.e. n=10,464) who completed the survey as per the LMT methodology were finally taken into account to get the survey results. Most respondents were male (97 percent; n=10,106), and belonged to either a Scheduled Caste (65 percent; n=6,999), Other Backward Caste (25 percent, n=2,549) or Scheduled Tribe (5 percent, n=528) community.</p><p style="text-align:justify">&bull; Nearly, one-third of respondents had no formal education (n=3,443; 33 percent), a further 18 percent had only completed primary education (n=1,912; 18 percent), 24% had attained secondary education (n=2,469), while a quarter of respondents had completed 12th grade (n=2,274; 25 percent).</p><p style="text-align:justify">&bull; Ninety-five percent of workers surveyed (n=9,931) reported having a job in construction prior to March 2020, compared to only one-third (n=3,493) as of August 2020, indicating a 65 percent decrease in the number of participants employed in the construction sector during the pandemic.</p><p style="text-align:justify">&bull; It was found that around 52 percent of &mdash; or one out of every two &mdash; participants (n=5,177) did not have a monthly household income.</p><p style="text-align:justify">&bull; Among participants who were working prior to the COVID-19 lockdown, 72 percent (n=7,421) had received payment for their work while 28 percent (n=2,839) had not.</p><p style="text-align:justify">&bull; Of the respondents who reported that they had not received any financial or in-kind assistance, approximately 58 percent were unaware of the welfare schemes and benefits they were entitled to receive, and a further 27 percent were unable to receive benefits despite having the necessary documents.</p><p style="text-align:justify">&bull; Of the migrant construction workers surveyed, 40 percent (4,241) reported that they had received some form of support (primarily in the form of food rations).</p><p style="text-align:justify">&bull; Participants of this study borrowed money for meeting food requirements due to the pandemic at more than double the rate that existed prior to lockdown, reinforcing that food security is a critical concern for migrant workers in the construction sector at this time. Rising indebtedness among migrant workers in the construction industry increases the risk of modern slavery.</p><p style="text-align:justify">&bull; A significant proportion of respondents reported that they had no savings (34 percent; n=3,536), which not only increases the severity of the COVID-19 lockdown, but also the potential for these individuals to be pressed toward riskier employment ventures.</p><p style="text-align:justify">&bull; The study finds that the primary concern among migrant construction workers surveyed was food insecurity.</p><p style="text-align:justify">&bull; While the amount of ration allocated to each ration-card holder covered under the National Food Security Act was expanded during the crisis through the PM Garib Kalyan Ann Yojana scheme, the study findings indicate that a significant portion (33 percent of construction workers who responded) were not in possession of a ration card that would allow them to avail these benefits. Additionally, for those migrant workers who have ration cards, the lack of portability of these benefits to destination locations still presents a challenge.</p><p style="text-align:justify">&bull; The majority of migrant workers surveyed reported that they had not received any support from government welfare programmes.</p><p style="text-align:justify"><strong><em>[Shivangini Piplani, who is doing her MA in Finance and Investment (1st year) from Berlin School of Business and Innovation, assisted the Inclusive Media for Change team in preparing the summary of the study by Sattva Consulting and others. She did this work as part of her winter internship at the Inclusive Media for Change project in December 2020.]</em></strong></p><p style="text-align:justify">                                                                    <br>
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        Migration    </title>
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KEY TRENDS&nbsp;


&bull; The&nbsp;new&nbsp;Cohort-based&nbsp;Migration&nbsp;Metric (CMM)&nbsp;shows that&nbsp;inter-state labor mobility averaged 5-6.5 million people between 2001 and 2011, yielding an inter-state migrant population of about 60 million and an inter-district&nbsp;migration as high as 80 million @*

&bull; The first-ever estimates of internal work-related migration..."/>
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                                            <h2 style="font-weight: bold; font-size: 13px;">What's Inside</h2>
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                                                        <a href="https://im4change.in/farm-crisis/migration-34.html?pgno=2#global-trends-forced-displacement-in-2021-released-in-june-2022">Global Trends: Forced Displacement in 2021 (released in June 2022)</a>
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                                                        <a href="https://im4change.in/farm-crisis/migration-34.html?pgno=3#migration-in-india-july-2020-june-2021-released-on-june-14-2022">Migration in India July 2020-June 2021 (released on June 14, 2022)</a>
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                                                        <a href="https://im4change.in/farm-crisis/migration-34.html?pgno=4#voices-of-the-invisible-citizens-ii-one-year-of-covid-19-are-we-seeing-shifts-in-internal-migration-patterns-in-india-released-on-25th-june-2021">Voices of the Invisible Citizens II: One year of COVID-19 -- Are we seeing shifts in internal migration patterns in India? (released on 25th June, 2021)</a>
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                                                        <a href="https://im4change.in/farm-crisis/migration-34.html?pgno=5#no-country-for-workers-the-covid-19-second-wave-local-lockdowns-and-migrant-worker-distress-in-india-released-on-16th-june-2021">No Country for Workers: The COVID-19 Second Wave, Local Lockdowns and Migrant Worker Distress in India (released on 16th June, 2021)</a>
                                                    </li>
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                                                        <a href="https://im4change.in/farm-crisis/migration-34.html?pgno=5#press-release-by-stranded-workers-action-network-swan-dated-5th-may-2021">Press release by Stranded Workers Action Network (SWAN) dated 5th May, 2021</a>
                                                    </li>
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                                                        <a href="https://im4change.in/farm-crisis/migration-34.html?pgno=6#covid-19-emergence-spread-and-its-impact-on-the-indian-economy-and-migrant-workers-released-in-april-2021">COVID-19: Emergence, Spread and Its Impact on the Indian Economy and Migrant Workers (released in April 2021)</a>
                                                    </li>
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                                                        <a href="https://im4change.in/farm-crisis/migration-34.html?pgno=7#understanding-the-effect-of-the-covid-19-pandemic-on-migrant-construction-workers-in-india-released-in-december-2020">Understanding the Effect of the COVID-19 Pandemic on Migrant Construction Workers in India (released in December 2020)</a>
                                                    </li>
                                                                                                        <li>
                                                        <a href="https://im4change.in/farm-crisis/migration-34.html?pgno=8#road-map-for-developing-a-policy-framework-for-the-inclusion-of-internal-migrant-workers-in-india-released-in-december-2020">Road map for developing a policy framework for the inclusion of internal migrant workers in India (released in December, 2020)</a>
                                                    </li>
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                                                        <a href="https://im4change.in/farm-crisis/migration-34.html?pgno=8#citizens-and-the-sovereign-stories-from-the-largest-human-exodus-in-contemporary-indian-history-released-in-november-2020">Citizens and the Sovereign: Stories from the Largest Human Exodus in Contemporary Indian History (released in November 2020)</a>
                                                    </li>
                                                                                                        <li>
                                                        <a href="https://im4change.in/farm-crisis/migration-34.html?pgno=8#survey-on-migrant-workers-a-study-on-their-livelihood-after-reverse-migration-due-to-lockdown-released-in-october-2020">Survey on Migrant Workers: A Study on their Livelihood after Reverse Migration due to Lockdown (released in October 2020)</a>
                                                    </li>
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                                                                                            <div><a href="javascript:void(0)" id="morewhatsinsidelink" onClick="javascript:$('#morewhatsinside').show();$('#morewhatsinsidelink').hide();$('#lesswhatsinsidelink').show();">More</a></div>
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                                                        <a href="https://im4change.in/farm-crisis/migration-34.html?pgno=8#response-by-stranded-workers-action-network-swan-dated-15th-september-2020">Response by Stranded Workers Action Network (SWAN) dated 15th September, 2020</a>
                                                    </li>
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                                                        <a href="https://im4change.in/farm-crisis/migration-34.html?pgno=8#after-the-long-marches-what-do-workers-want-released-on-31st-august-2020">After the long marches: What do workers want? (released on 31st August, 2020)</a>
                                                    </li>
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                                                        <a href="https://im4change.in/farm-crisis/migration-34.html?pgno=8#garment-workers-in-indiarsquos-lockdown-semi-starvation-and-de-humanisation-lead-to-exodus-released-in-june-2020">Garment Workers in India&rsquo;s Lockdown Semi-Starvation and De-humanisation Lead to Exodus (released in June 2020)</a>
                                                    </li>
                                                                                                        <li>
                                                        <a href="https://im4change.in/farm-crisis/migration-34.html?pgno=9#to-leave-or-not-to-leave-lockdown-migrant-workers-and-their-journeys-home-released-on-5th-june-2020">To Leave or Not to Leave? Lockdown, Migrant Workers, and Their Journeys Home (released on 5th June, 2020)</a>
                                                    </li>
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                                                        <a href="https://im4change.in/farm-crisis/migration-34.html?pgno=9#39unlocking-the-urban-reimagining-migrant-lives-in-cities-post-covid-1939-released-on-1st-may-2020">&#39;Unlocking the Urban: Reimagining Migrant Lives in Cities Post-COVID 19&#39; (released on 1st May, 2020)</a>
                                                    </li>
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                                                        <a href="https://im4change.in/farm-crisis/migration-34.html?pgno=10#covid-19-crisis-through-a-migration-lens-released-on-22nd-april-2020">COVID-19 Crisis Through a Migration Lens (released on 22nd April, 2020)</a>
                                                    </li>
                                                                                                        <li>
                                                        <a href="https://im4change.in/farm-crisis/migration-34.html?pgno=10#borders-of-an-epidemic-covid-19-and-migrant-workers-edited-by-prof-ranabir-samaddar-mahanirban-calcutta-research-group-2020">Borders of an Epidemic: COVID-19 and Migrant Workers, edited by Prof. Ranabir Samaddar, Mahanirban Calcutta Research Group, 2020</a>
                                                    </li>
                                                                                                        <li>
                                                        <a href="https://im4change.in/farm-crisis/migration-34.html?pgno=11#21-days-and-counting-covid-19-lockdown-migrant-workers-and-the-inadequacy-of-welfare-measures-in-india-released-on-14-april-2020">21 Days and Counting: COVID-19 Lockdown, Migrant Workers, and the Inadequacy of Welfare Measures in India (released on 14 April, 2020)</a>
                                                    </li>
                                                                                                        <li>
                                                        <a href="https://im4change.in/farm-crisis/migration-34.html?pgno=12#first-round-of-delhi-national-capital-region-coronavirus-telephone-survey-conducted-by-ncaer-released-on-12th-april-2020">First Round of Delhi National Capital Region Coronavirus Telephone Survey conducted by NCAER (released on 12th April, 2020)</a>
                                                    </li>
                                                                                                        <li>
                                                        <a href="https://im4change.in/farm-crisis/migration-34.html?pgno=13#voices-of-the-invisible-citizens-a-rapid-assessment-of-the-impact-of-covid-19-lockdown-on-internal-migrant-workers-recommendations-for-the-state-industry-philanthropies-released-in-april-2020">Voices of the Invisible Citizens: A Rapid Assessment of the Impact of COVID-19 Lockdown on Internal Migrant Workers -- Recommendations for the State, Industry &amp; Philanthropies (released in April 2020)</a>
                                                    </li>
                                                                                                        <li>
                                                        <a href="https://im4change.in/farm-crisis/migration-34.html?pgno=14#human-cost-of-sugar-living-and-workiing-conditions-of-migrant-cane-cutters-in-maharashtra-released-in-february-2020">Human Cost of Sugar: Living and Workiing Conditions of Migrant Cane-cutters in Maharashtra (released in February 2020)</a>
                                                    </li>
                                                                                                        <li>
                                                        <a href="https://im4change.in/farm-crisis/migration-34.html?pgno=14#interstate-migrants-policy-index-impex-2019">Interstate Migrants Policy Index (IMPEX) 2019</a>
                                                    </li>
                                                                                                        <li>
                                                        <a href="https://im4change.in/farm-crisis/migration-34.html?pgno=15#report-of-the-working-group-on-migration-released-in-january-2017">Report of the Working Group on Migration (released in January 2017)</a>
                                                    </li>
                                                                                                        <li>
                                                        <a href="https://im4change.in/farm-crisis/migration-34.html?pgno=15#economic-survey-2016-17-released-in-january-2017">Economic Survey 2016-17 (released in January, 2017)</a>
                                                    </li>
                                                                                                        <li>
                                                        <a href="https://im4change.in/farm-crisis/migration-34.html?pgno=16#concept-note-prepared-for-the-national-seminar-entitled-39contesting-spaces-negotiating-development-a-dialogue-on-domestic-migrants-state-and-inclusive-citizenship-in-indiarsquo-25-26-march-2016">Concept Note prepared for the national seminar entitled: &#39;Contesting Spaces &amp; Negotiating Development: A Dialogue on Domestic Migrants, State and Inclusive Citizenship in India&rsquo; (25-26 March 2016)</a>
                                                    </li>
                                                                                                        <li>
                                                        <a href="https://im4change.in/farm-crisis/migration-34.html?pgno=17#social-inclusion-of-internal-migrants-in-india-2013">Social Inclusion of Internal Migrants in India (2013)</a>
                                                    </li>
                                                                                                        <li>
                                                        <a href="https://im4change.in/farm-crisis/migration-34.html?pgno=18#migration-and-gender-in-india-by-indrani-mazumdar-n-neetha-and-indu-agnihotri">Migration and Gender in India by Indrani Mazumdar, N Neetha and Indu Agnihotri</a>
                                                    </li>
                                                                                                        <li>
                                                        <a href="https://im4change.in/farm-crisis/migration-34.html?pgno=19#migration-in-india-2007-08-national-sample-survey">Migration in India, 2007-08, National Sample Survey</a>
                                                    </li>
                                                                                                        <li>
                                                        <a href="https://im4change.in/farm-crisis/migration-34.html?pgno=19#managing-the-exodus-grounding-migration-in-india">Managing the Exodus: Grounding Migration in India</a>
                                                    </li>
                                                                                                        <li>
                                                        <a href="https://im4change.in/farm-crisis/migration-34.html?pgno=20#internal-displacement-global-overview-of-trends-and-developments-in-2009">Internal Displacement: Global Overview of Trends and Developments in 2009</a>
                                                    </li>
                                                                                                        <li>
                                                        <a href="https://im4change.in/farm-crisis/migration-34.html?pgno=20#11supthsup-five-year-plan-planning-commission">11th Five Year Plan, Planning Commission</a>
                                                    </li>
                                                                                                        <li>
                                                        <a href="https://im4change.in/farm-crisis/migration-34.html?pgno=20#national-commission-for-enterprises-in-the-unorganised-sector-nceus-2007">National Commission for Enterprises in the Unorganised Sector--NCEUS (2007)</a>
                                                    </li>
                                                                                                        <li>
                                                        <a href="https://im4change.in/farm-crisis/migration-34.html?pgno=20#large-dam-projects-and-displacement-in-india">Large Dam Projects and Displacement in India</a>
                                                    </li>
                                                                                                        <li>
                                                        <a href="https://im4change.in/farm-crisis/migration-34.html?pgno=20#in-the-name-of-national-pride-2009">In the Name of National Pride (2009)</a>
                                                    </li>
                                                                                                </ul>
                                            <div><a style="display:none" href="javascript:void(0)" id="lesswhatsinsidelink" onClick="javascript:$('#morewhatsinside').hide();$('#morewhatsinsidelink').show();$('#lesswhatsinsidelink').hide();">Less</a></div>
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                                    </div>
                                </div>
                            </div>
                                                    <div>
                            </p><p style="text-align:justify">&nbsp;</p><p style="text-align:justify">The key findings of the study entitled <a name="understanding-the-effect-of-the-covid-19-pandemic-on-migrant-construction-workers-in-india-released-in-december-2020">Understanding the Effect of the COVID-19 Pandemic on Migrant Construction Workers in India (released in December 2020)</a>, which has been prepared by Sattva Consulting and other organisations, are as follows (please click <a href="/upload/files/Sattva_GFEMS_Evidence-Learning-Booklet1.pdf" title="/upload/files/Sattva_GFEMS_Evidence-Learning-Booklet1.pdf">here</a> and <a href="/upload/files/www_sattva_co_in_publication_understanding_the_effect_of_the.pdf" title="/upload/files/www_sattva_co_in_publication_understanding_the_effect_of_the.pdf">here</a> to access):</p><p style="text-align:justify">&bull; Between June 2020 and August 2020, NEEV &ndash; a multi-stakeholder consortium of partners working to improve worker welfare in the construction sector in India &ndash; conducted remote surveys with over 10,000 migrant construction workers&nbsp;(who migrated from the Bundelkhand region to Delhi NCR) to understand the impact of the COVID-19 lockdown on their lives, jobs and personal well-being. The surveys conducted were based on Longitudinal Migration Tracking or LMT i.e. prospective migrants were enrolled first, then their basic demographic information was collected and their seasonal journeys to work in the construction industry was tracked.</p><p style="text-align:justify">&bull; Although 59,129 participants were contacted at least once for the study, responses of 18 percent of the total participants (i.e. n=10,464) who completed the survey as per the LMT methodology were finally taken into account to get the survey results. Most respondents were male (97 percent; n=10,106), and belonged to either a Scheduled Caste (65 percent; n=6,999), Other Backward Caste (25 percent, n=2,549) or Scheduled Tribe (5 percent, n=528) community.</p><p style="text-align:justify">&bull; Nearly, one-third of respondents had no formal education (n=3,443; 33 percent), a further 18 percent had only completed primary education (n=1,912; 18 percent), 24% had attained secondary education (n=2,469), while a quarter of respondents had completed 12th grade (n=2,274; 25 percent).</p><p style="text-align:justify">&bull; Ninety-five percent of workers surveyed (n=9,931) reported having a job in construction prior to March 2020, compared to only one-third (n=3,493) as of August 2020, indicating a 65 percent decrease in the number of participants employed in the construction sector during the pandemic.</p><p style="text-align:justify">&bull; It was found that around 52 percent of &mdash; or one out of every two &mdash; participants (n=5,177) did not have a monthly household income.</p><p style="text-align:justify">&bull; Among participants who were working prior to the COVID-19 lockdown, 72 percent (n=7,421) had received payment for their work while 28 percent (n=2,839) had not.</p><p style="text-align:justify">&bull; Of the respondents who reported that they had not received any financial or in-kind assistance, approximately 58 percent were unaware of the welfare schemes and benefits they were entitled to receive, and a further 27 percent were unable to receive benefits despite having the necessary documents.</p><p style="text-align:justify">&bull; Of the migrant construction workers surveyed, 40 percent (4,241) reported that they had received some form of support (primarily in the form of food rations).</p><p style="text-align:justify">&bull; Participants of this study borrowed money for meeting food requirements due to the pandemic at more than double the rate that existed prior to lockdown, reinforcing that food security is a critical concern for migrant workers in the construction sector at this time. Rising indebtedness among migrant workers in the construction industry increases the risk of modern slavery.</p><p style="text-align:justify">&bull; A significant proportion of respondents reported that they had no savings (34 percent; n=3,536), which not only increases the severity of the COVID-19 lockdown, but also the potential for these individuals to be pressed toward riskier employment ventures.</p><p style="text-align:justify">&bull; The study finds that the primary concern among migrant construction workers surveyed was food insecurity.</p><p style="text-align:justify">&bull; While the amount of ration allocated to each ration-card holder covered under the National Food Security Act was expanded during the crisis through the PM Garib Kalyan Ann Yojana scheme, the study findings indicate that a significant portion (33 percent of construction workers who responded) were not in possession of a ration card that would allow them to avail these benefits. Additionally, for those migrant workers who have ration cards, the lack of portability of these benefits to destination locations still presents a challenge.</p><p style="text-align:justify">&bull; The majority of migrant workers surveyed reported that they had not received any support from government welfare programmes.</p><p style="text-align:justify"><strong><em>[Shivangini Piplani, who is doing her MA in Finance and Investment (1st year) from Berlin School of Business and Innovation, assisted the Inclusive Media for Change team in preparing the summary of the study by Sattva Consulting and others. She did this work as part of her winter internship at the Inclusive Media for Change project in December 2020.]</em></strong></p><p style="text-align:justify">                                                                    <br>
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Home हिन्दी

Migration

What's Inside Global Trends: Forced Displacement in 2021 (released in June 2022) Migration in India July 2020-June 2021 (released on June 14, 2022) Voices of the Invisible Citizens II: One year of COVID-19 -- Are we seeing shifts in internal migration patterns in India? (released on 25th June, 2021) No Country for Workers: The COVID-19 Second Wave, Local Lockdowns and Migrant Worker Distress in India (released on 16th June, 2021) Press release by Stranded Workers Action Network (SWAN) dated 5th May, 2021 COVID-19: Emergence, Spread and Its Impact on the Indian Economy and Migrant Workers (released in April 2021) Understanding the Effect of the COVID-19 Pandemic on Migrant Construction Workers in India (released in December 2020) Road map for developing a policy framework for the inclusion of internal migrant workers in India (released in December, 2020) Citizens and the Sovereign: Stories from the Largest Human Exodus in Contemporary Indian History (released in November 2020) Survey on Migrant Workers: A Study on their Livelihood after Reverse Migration due to Lockdown (released in October 2020) More Response by Stranded Workers Action Network (SWAN) dated 15th September, 2020 After the long marches: What do workers want? (released on 31st August, 2020) Garment Workers in India’s Lockdown Semi-Starvation and De-humanisation Lead to Exodus (released in June 2020) To Leave or Not to Leave? Lockdown, Migrant Workers, and Their Journeys Home (released on 5th June, 2020) 'Unlocking the Urban: Reimagining Migrant Lives in Cities Post-COVID 19' (released on 1st May, 2020) COVID-19 Crisis Through a Migration Lens (released on 22nd April, 2020) Borders of an Epidemic: COVID-19 and Migrant Workers, edited by Prof. Ranabir Samaddar, Mahanirban Calcutta Research Group, 2020 21 Days and Counting: COVID-19 Lockdown, Migrant Workers, and the Inadequacy of Welfare Measures in India (released on 14 April, 2020) First Round of Delhi National Capital Region Coronavirus Telephone Survey conducted by NCAER (released on 12th April, 2020) Voices of the Invisible Citizens: A Rapid Assessment of the Impact of COVID-19 Lockdown on Internal Migrant Workers -- Recommendations for the State, Industry & Philanthropies (released in April 2020) Human Cost of Sugar: Living and Workiing Conditions of Migrant Cane-cutters in Maharashtra (released in February 2020) Interstate Migrants Policy Index (IMPEX) 2019 Report of the Working Group on Migration (released in January 2017) Economic Survey 2016-17 (released in January, 2017) Concept Note prepared for the national seminar entitled: 'Contesting Spaces & Negotiating Development: A Dialogue on Domestic Migrants, State and Inclusive Citizenship in India’ (25-26 March 2016) Social Inclusion of Internal Migrants in India (2013) Migration and Gender in India by Indrani Mazumdar, N Neetha and Indu Agnihotri Migration in India, 2007-08, National Sample Survey Managing the Exodus: Grounding Migration in India Internal Displacement: Global Overview of Trends and Developments in 2009 11th Five Year Plan, Planning Commission National Commission for Enterprises in the Unorganised Sector--NCEUS (2007) Large Dam Projects and Displacement in India In the Name of National Pride (2009) Less   The key findings of the study entitled Understanding the Effect of the COVID-19 Pandemic on Migrant Construction Workers in India (released in December 2020), which has been prepared by Sattva Consulting and other organisations, are as follows (please click here and here to access): • Between June 2020 and August 2020, NEEV – a multi-stakeholder consortium of partners working to improve worker welfare in the construction sector in India – conducted remote surveys with over 10,000 migrant construction workers (who migrated from the Bundelkhand region to Delhi NCR) to understand the impact of the COVID-19 lockdown on their lives, jobs and personal well-being. The surveys conducted were based on Longitudinal Migration Tracking or LMT i.e. prospective migrants were enrolled first, then their basic demographic information was collected and their seasonal journeys to work in the construction industry was tracked. • Although 59,129 participants were contacted at least once for the study, responses of 18 percent of the total participants (i.e. n=10,464) who completed the survey as per the LMT methodology were finally taken into account to get the survey results. Most respondents were male (97 percent; n=10,106), and belonged to either a Scheduled Caste (65 percent; n=6,999), Other Backward Caste (25 percent, n=2,549) or Scheduled Tribe (5 percent, n=528) community. • Nearly, one-third of respondents had no formal education (n=3,443; 33 percent), a further 18 percent had only completed primary education (n=1,912; 18 percent), 24% had attained secondary education (n=2,469), while a quarter of respondents had completed 12th grade (n=2,274; 25 percent). • Ninety-five percent of workers surveyed (n=9,931) reported having a job in construction prior to March 2020, compared to only one-third (n=3,493) as of August 2020, indicating a 65 percent decrease in the number of participants employed in the construction sector during the pandemic. • It was found that around 52 percent of — or one out of every two — participants (n=5,177) did not have a monthly household income. • Among participants who were working prior to the COVID-19 lockdown, 72 percent (n=7,421) had received payment for their work while 28 percent (n=2,839) had not. • Of the respondents who reported that they had not received any financial or in-kind assistance, approximately 58 percent were unaware of the welfare schemes and benefits they were entitled to receive, and a further 27 percent were unable to receive benefits despite having the necessary documents. • Of the migrant construction workers surveyed, 40 percent (4,241) reported that they had received some form of support (primarily in the form of food rations). • Participants of this study borrowed money for meeting food requirements due to the pandemic at more than double the rate that existed prior to lockdown, reinforcing that food security is a critical concern for migrant workers in the construction sector at this time. Rising indebtedness among migrant workers in the construction industry increases the risk of modern slavery. • A significant proportion of respondents reported that they had no savings (34 percent; n=3,536), which not only increases the severity of the COVID-19 lockdown, but also the potential for these individuals to be pressed toward riskier employment ventures. • The study finds that the primary concern among migrant construction workers surveyed was food insecurity. • While the amount of ration allocated to each ration-card holder covered under the National Food Security Act was expanded during the crisis through the PM Garib Kalyan Ann Yojana scheme, the study findings indicate that a significant portion (33 percent of construction workers who responded) were not in possession of a ration card that would allow them to avail these benefits. Additionally, for those migrant workers who have ration cards, the lack of portability of these benefits to destination locations still presents a challenge. • The majority of migrant workers surveyed reported that they had not received any support from government welfare programmes. [Shivangini Piplani, who is doing her MA in Finance and Investment (1st year) from Berlin School of Business and Innovation, assisted the Inclusive Media for Change team in preparing the summary of the study by Sattva Consulting and others. She did this work as part of her winter internship at the Inclusive Media for Change project in December 2020.] « previous1234567891011121314151617181920next »

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