Deprecated (16384): The ArrayAccess methods will be removed in 4.0.0.Use getParam(), getData() and getQuery() instead. - /home/brlfuser/public_html/src/Controller/ArtileDetailController.php, line: 150
 You can disable deprecation warnings by setting `Error.errorLevel` to `E_ALL & ~E_USER_DEPRECATED` in your config/app.php. [CORE/src/Core/functions.php, line 311]
Code Context


        trigger_error($message, E_USER_DEPRECATED);

    }
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 You can disable deprecation warnings by setting `Error.errorLevel` to `E_ALL & ~E_USER_DEPRECATED` in your config/app.php.'
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deprecationWarning - CORE/src/Core/functions.php, line 311
Cake\Http\ServerRequest::offsetGet() - CORE/src/Http/ServerRequest.php, line 2421
App\Controller\ArtileDetailController::index() - APP/Controller/ArtileDetailController.php, line 150
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Cake\Http\ActionDispatcher::_invoke() - CORE/src/Http/ActionDispatcher.php, line 120
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Cake\Http\Runner::__invoke() - CORE/src/Http/Runner.php, line 65
Cake\Routing\Middleware\RoutingMiddleware::__invoke() - CORE/src/Routing/Middleware/RoutingMiddleware.php, line 162
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Cake\Http\Runner::__invoke() - CORE/src/Http/Runner.php, line 65
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Cake\Http\Runner::__invoke() - CORE/src/Http/Runner.php, line 65
Cake\Http\Runner::run() - CORE/src/Http/Runner.php, line 51
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Deprecated (16384): The ArrayAccess methods will be removed in 4.0.0.Use getParam(), getData() and getQuery() instead. - /home/brlfuser/public_html/src/Controller/ArtileDetailController.php, line: 151
 You can disable deprecation warnings by setting `Error.errorLevel` to `E_ALL & ~E_USER_DEPRECATED` in your config/app.php. [CORE/src/Core/functions.php, line 311]
Code Context


        trigger_error($message, E_USER_DEPRECATED);

    }
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 You can disable deprecation warnings by setting `Error.errorLevel` to `E_ALL & ~E_USER_DEPRECATED` in your config/app.php.'
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deprecationWarning - CORE/src/Core/functions.php, line 311
Cake\Http\ServerRequest::offsetGet() - CORE/src/Http/ServerRequest.php, line 2421
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Cake\Controller\Controller::invokeAction() - CORE/src/Controller/Controller.php, line 610
Cake\Http\ActionDispatcher::_invoke() - CORE/src/Http/ActionDispatcher.php, line 120
Cake\Http\ActionDispatcher::dispatch() - CORE/src/Http/ActionDispatcher.php, line 94
Cake\Http\BaseApplication::__invoke() - CORE/src/Http/BaseApplication.php, line 235
Cake\Http\Runner::__invoke() - CORE/src/Http/Runner.php, line 65
Cake\Routing\Middleware\RoutingMiddleware::__invoke() - CORE/src/Routing/Middleware/RoutingMiddleware.php, line 162
Cake\Http\Runner::__invoke() - CORE/src/Http/Runner.php, line 65
Cake\Routing\Middleware\AssetMiddleware::__invoke() - CORE/src/Routing/Middleware/AssetMiddleware.php, line 97
Cake\Http\Runner::__invoke() - CORE/src/Http/Runner.php, line 65
Cake\Error\Middleware\ErrorHandlerMiddleware::__invoke() - CORE/src/Error/Middleware/ErrorHandlerMiddleware.php, line 96
Cake\Http\Runner::__invoke() - CORE/src/Http/Runner.php, line 65
Cake\Http\Runner::run() - CORE/src/Http/Runner.php, line 51
Cake\Http\Server::run() - CORE/src/Http/Server.php, line 98

Warning (512): Unable to emit headers. Headers sent in file=/home/brlfuser/public_html/vendor/cakephp/cakephp/src/Error/Debugger.php line=853 [CORE/src/Http/ResponseEmitter.php, line 48]
Code Context
            if (Configure::read('debug')) {

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        Hunger / HDI | Malnutrition    </title>
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&bull; According&nbsp;to The State of the&nbsp;World&#39;s&nbsp;Children 2019&nbsp;report, the proportion of children under 5 years who are either stunted, wasted or overweight was 54 percent for India in 2015, 49 percent for Afganistan, 46 percent for Bangladesh in 2014, 43..."/>
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&bull; According&nbsp;to The State of the&nbsp;World&#39;s&nbsp;Children 2019&nbsp;report, the proportion of children under 5 years who are either stunted, wasted or overweight was 54 percent for India in 2015, 49 percent for Afganistan, 46 percent for Bangladesh in 2014, 43..." />
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                                            <h2 style="font-weight: bold; font-size: 13px;">What's Inside</h2>
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                                                        <a href="https://im4change.in/hunger-hdi/malnutrition-41.html?pgno=2#nutrients-requirements-for-indians-recommended-dietary-allowances-and-estimated-average-requirement-released-in-september-2020">Nutrients Requirements for Indians: Recommended Dietary Allowances and Estimated Average Requirement (released in September 2020)</a>
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                                                        <a href="https://im4change.in/hunger-hdi/malnutrition-41.html?pgno=2#the-state-of-the-world39s-children-2019-children-food-and-nutrition-growing-well-in-a-changing-world-released-in-october-2019">The State of the World&#39;s Children 2019-Children, Food and Nutrition: Growing well in a changing world (released in October, 2019)</a>
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                                                        <a href="https://im4change.in/hunger-hdi/malnutrition-41.html?pgno=3#india-comprehensive-national-nutrition-survey-2016-2018-released-in-october-2019">India: Comprehensive National Nutrition Survey 2016-2018 (released in October 2019)</a>
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                                                                                                        <li>
                                                        <a href="https://im4change.in/hunger-hdi/malnutrition-41.html?pgno=4#food-and-nutrition-security-analysis-india-2019-released-in-june-2019">Food and Nutrition Security Analysis, India, 2019 (released in June 2019)</a>
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                                                        <a href="https://im4change.in/hunger-hdi/malnutrition-41.html?pgno=5#global-nutrition-report-2018">Global Nutrition Report 2018</a>
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                                                        <a href="https://im4change.in/hunger-hdi/malnutrition-41.html?pgno=6#urban-hungama-report-nutrition-and-the-city-released-in-february-2018">Urban HUNGaMA Report: Nutrition and the City (released in February 2018)</a>
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                                                        <a href="https://im4change.in/hunger-hdi/malnutrition-41.html?pgno=7#diet-and-nutritional-status-of-urban-population-in-india-and-prevalence-of-obesity-hypertension-diabetes-and-hyperlipidemia-in-urban-men-and-women-released-in-2017">Diet and Nutritional Status of Urban Population in India and Prevalence of Obesity, Hypertension, Diabetes and Hyperlipidemia in Urban Men and Women (released in 2017)</a>
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                                                        <a href="https://im4change.in/hunger-hdi/malnutrition-41.html?pgno=8#nourishing-india-national-nutrition-strategy">Nourishing India: National Nutrition Strategy</a>
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                                                        <a href="https://im4change.in/hunger-hdi/malnutrition-41.html?pgno=9#global-nutrition-report-2016">Global Nutrition Report 2016</a>
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                                                        <a href="https://im4change.in/hunger-hdi/malnutrition-41.html?pgno=10#india-health-report-nutrition-2015">India Health Report: Nutrition 2015</a>
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                                                                                            <div><a href="javascript:void(0)" id="morewhatsinsidelink" onClick="javascript:$('#morewhatsinside').show();$('#morewhatsinsidelink').hide();$('#lesswhatsinsidelink').show();">More</a></div>
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                                                        <a href="https://im4change.in/hunger-hdi/malnutrition-41.html?pgno=11#2015-global-nutrition-report-actions-and-accountability-to-advance-nutrition-sustainable-development-by-ifpri-released-in-september-2015">2015 Global Nutrition Report: Actions and Accountability to Advance Nutrition &amp; Sustainable Development by IFPRI (released in September 2015)</a>
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                                                        <a href="https://im4change.in/hunger-hdi/malnutrition-41.html?pgno=12#public-accounts-committee-2014-15-report-on-icds-scheme-of-ministry-of-women-child-development">Public Accounts Committee (2014-15) report on ICDS Scheme of Ministry of Women &amp; Child Development</a>
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                                                        <a href="https://im4change.in/hunger-hdi/malnutrition-41.html?pgno=12#nutritional-intake-in-india-2011-12-published-in-october-2014">Nutritional Intake in India, 2011-12 (published in October 2014)</a>
                                                    </li>
                                                                                                        <li>
                                                        <a href="https://im4change.in/hunger-hdi/malnutrition-41.html?pgno=13#global-nutrition-report-2014">Global Nutrition Report 2014</a>
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                                                                                                        <li>
                                                        <a href="https://im4change.in/hunger-hdi/malnutrition-41.html?pgno=14#executive-summary-of-the-lancet-series-on-maternal-and-child-nutrition">Executive Summary of the Lancet series on Maternal and Child Nutrition</a>
                                                    </li>
                                                                                                        <li>
                                                        <a href="https://im4change.in/hunger-hdi/malnutrition-41.html?pgno=14#2013-unicef-report-improving-child-nutrition">2013 UNICEF report: Improving Child Nutrition</a>
                                                    </li>
                                                                                                        <li>
                                                        <a href="https://im4change.in/hunger-hdi/malnutrition-41.html?pgno=15#report-of-the-comptroller-and-auditor-general-of-india-on-performance-audit-of-integrated-child-development-services-icds-scheme">Report of the Comptroller and Auditor General of India on Performance Audit of Integrated Child Development Services (ICDS) Scheme</a>
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                                                                                                        <li>
                                                        <a href="https://im4change.in/hunger-hdi/malnutrition-41.html?pgno=16#2012-global-hunger-index">2012 Global Hunger Index</a>
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                                                        <a href="https://im4change.in/hunger-hdi/malnutrition-41.html?pgno=17#the-nutrition-barometer-gauging-national-responses-to-undernutrition-2012">The Nutrition Barometer: Gauging national responses to undernutrition (2012)</a>
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                                                        <a href="https://im4change.in/hunger-hdi/malnutrition-41.html?pgno=17#a-life-free-from-hunger-tackling-child-malnutrition-2012">A Life Free from Hunger: Tackling child malnutrition (2012)</a>
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                                                        <a href="https://im4change.in/hunger-hdi/malnutrition-41.html?pgno=18#hungama-fighting-hunger-malnutrition-2011">HUNGaMA: Fighting Hunger &amp; Malnutrition (2011)</a>
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                                                                                                        <li>
                                                        <a href="https://im4change.in/hunger-hdi/malnutrition-41.html?pgno=19#world-disaster-report-2011-focus-on-hunger-and-malnutrition">World Disaster Report 2011: Focus on Hunger and Malnutrition</a>
                                                    </li>
                                                                                                        <li>
                                                        <a href="https://im4change.in/hunger-hdi/malnutrition-41.html?pgno=20#common-wealth-or-common-hunger-malnutrition-and-its-impact-on-child-survival-in-the-commonwealth-2010">Common Wealth or Common Hunger? Malnutrition and its impact on Child Survival in the Commonwealth (2010)</a>
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                                                                                                        <li>
                                                        <a href="https://im4change.in/hunger-hdi/malnutrition-41.html?pgno=20#investing-in-the-future-a-united-call-to-action-on-vitamin-and-mineral-deficiencies-global-report-2009">Investing in the future: A United Call to Action on Vitamin and Mineral Deficiencies-Global Report 2009</a>
                                                    </li>
                                                                                                        <li>
                                                        <a href="https://im4change.in/hunger-hdi/malnutrition-41.html?pgno=21#tracking-progress-on-child-and-maternal-nutrition-a-survival-and-development-priority">Tracking Progress on Child and Maternal Nutrition: A survival and development priority</a>
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                                                                                                        <li>
                                                        <a href="https://im4change.in/hunger-hdi/malnutrition-41.html?pgno=22#nutritional-intake-in-india-2004-2005">Nutritional Intake in India: 2004-2005</a>
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                                                                                                        <li>
                                                        <a href="https://im4change.in/hunger-hdi/malnutrition-41.html?pgno=22#national-family-health-survey-iii-2005-06">National Family Health Survey-III (2005-06)</a>
                                                    </li>
                                                                                                        <li>
                                                        <a href="https://im4change.in/hunger-hdi/malnutrition-41.html?pgno=22#facilitating-improved-nutrition-for-pregnant-and-lactating-women-and-children-0ndash5-years-of-age">Facilitating Improved Nutrition for Pregnant and Lactating Women, and Children 0&ndash;5 Years of Age</a>
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                                                                                                </ul>
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                            &nbsp;</p><p style="text-align:justify">&nbsp;</p><p style="text-align:justify"><br /><span style="font-family:arial,helvetica,sans-serif; font-size:medium">The per capita per diem calorie intake is higher in the rural areas compared to urban areas, as could be deciphered from the graph below. However, both have seen a decline over the various rounds of National Sample Survey.&nbsp; </span></p><p style="text-align:justify">&nbsp;</p><div style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-family:arial,helvetica,sans-serif"><span style="font-size:medium"><strong>Per capita per diem intake of Calorie&nbsp; (in Kcal)</strong></span></span></div><p style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-family:arial,helvetica,sans-serif; font-size:medium"><img alt="Per capita per diem intake of Calorie  (in Kcal)" src="https://im4change.in/siteadmin/tinymce/uploaded/graf1.jpg" style="height:242px; width:577px" /> </span></p><p style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-family:arial,helvetica,sans-serif"><span style="font-size:medium"><em><span style="font-size:small"><strong>Source: </strong>Nutritional Intake in India: 2004-2005, NSS 61st Round, July 2004- June 2005</span></em></span></span></p><p style="text-align:justify">&nbsp;</p><p style="text-align:justify">&nbsp;</p><p style="text-align:justify">According to the <a name="2012-global-hunger-index">2012 Global Hunger Index</a> - The Challenge of Hunger: Ensuring Sustainable Food Security under Land, Water, and Energy Stresses, produced by IFPRI, Concern Worldwide and Welthungerhilfe, <span style="font-size:medium">please <a href="https://im4change.in/siteadmin/tinymce/uploaded/2012%20Global%20Hunger%20Index.pdf" title="2012 Global Hunger Index" title="https://im4change.in/siteadmin/tinymce/uploaded/2012%20Global%20Hunger%20Index.pdf" title="2012 Global Hunger Index">click here</a> to access</span>&nbsp;</p><p style="text-align:justify"><a href="http://www.ifpri.org/sites/default/files/publications/ghi12.pdf" title="http://www.ifpri.org/sites/default/files/publications/ghi12.pdf">http://www.ifpri.org/sites/default/files/publications/ghi12.pdf</a>&nbsp;</p><p style="text-align:justify"><a href="http://www.ifpri.org/sites/default/files/publications/ghi2012fsasia.pdf" title="http://www.ifpri.org/sites/default/files/publications/ghi2012fsasia.pdf">http://www.ifpri.org/sites/default/files/publications/ghi2<br />012fsasia.pdf</a>: &nbsp;</p><p style="text-align:justify">&nbsp;</p><p style="text-align:justify">&bull; The 2012 Global Hunger Index (GHI) is calculated for 120 developing countries and countries in transition for which data on the three indicators of hunger are available. This year&rsquo;s GHI reflects data from 2005-2010&mdash;the most recent country-level data available on the three GHI measures. It is thus a snapshot of the recent past.&nbsp;</p><p style="text-align:justify">&bull; The GHI combines three equally weighted indicators into one score: the proportion of people who are undernourished, the proportion of children under five who are underweight, and the mortality rate of children younger than age five.</p><p style="text-align:justify">&bull; The GHI ranks countries on a 100-point scale in which zero is the best score (no hunger) and 100 the worst, although neither of these extremes is reached in practice. An increase in a country&rsquo;s GHI score indicates that the hunger situation is worsening, while a decrease in the score indicates improvement in the country&rsquo;s hunger situation.</p><p style="text-align:justify">&bull; India&#39;s 2012 GHI score is 22.9 (rank: 65) as compared to China&#39;s GHI score of 5.1 (rank: 2), Bangladesh&#39;s score of 24.0 (rank: 68), Pakistan&#39;s score of 19.7 (rank: 57), Nepal&#39;s score of 20.3 (rank: 60) and Sri Lanka&#39;s score of 14.4 (rank: 37).&nbsp;</p><p style="text-align:justify">&bull; India&#39;s GHI score has improved from 30.3 in 1990 to 24.2 in 2001 and further to 22.9 in 2012. &nbsp;</p><p style="text-align:justify">&bull; India has lagged behind in improving its GHI score despite strong economic growth. After a small increase between 1996 (GHI 22.6) and 2001 (GHI 24.2), India&rsquo;s GHI score fell only slightly, and the latest GHI returned to about the 1996 level.&nbsp;</p><p style="text-align:justify">&bull; India&#39;s stagnation in GHI scores occurred during a period when India&rsquo;s gross national income (GNI) per capita almost doubled, rising from about 1,460 to 2,850 constant 2005 international dollars between 1995&ndash;97 and 2008&ndash;10 (World Bank 2012).</p><p style="text-align:justify">&bull; In India, 43.5 percent of children under five are underweight, which accounts for almost two-thirds of the country&rsquo;s alarmingly high GHI score. From 2005-2010, India ranked second to last on child underweight&mdash; below Ethiopia, Niger, Nepal, and Bangladesh.&nbsp;</p><p style="text-align:justify">&bull; Bangladesh has also closed the gender gap in education through targeted public interventions and has overtaken India on a range of social indicators, including the level and rate of reduction of child mortality.</p><p style="text-align:justify">&bull; In India, 43.5 percent of children under five are underweight, which accounts for almost two-thirds of the country&rsquo;s alarmingly high GHI score. From 2005-2010, India ranked second to last on child underweight&mdash; below Ethiopia, Niger, Nepal, and Bangladesh.&nbsp;</p><p style="text-align:justify">&bull; Bangladesh, India, and Timor-Leste have the highest prevalence of underweight children under five, more than 40 percent in each of the three countries.</p><p style="text-align:justify">&bull; According to surveys during 2000&ndash;06, 36 percent of Indian women of childbearing age were underweight, compared with only 16 percent in 23 Sub-Saharan African countries (Deaton and Dr&egrave;ze 2009).</p><p style="text-align:justify">&bull; Though India has worked to improve food security and nutrition in recent years through government-operated nutrition-relevant social programs, program effectiveness remains uncertain due to the absence of up-to-date information.</p><p style="text-align:justify">&bull; When comparing GHI scores with GNI per capita, it must be emphasized that India&rsquo;s latest GHI score is based partly on outdated data: although it includes relatively recent child mortality data from 2010, FAO&rsquo;s most recent data on undernourishment are for 2006&ndash;08, and India&rsquo;s latest available nationally representative data on child underweight were collected in 2005&ndash;06.</p><p style="text-align:justify">&bull; Given that the Government of India has failed to monitor national trends in child undernutrition for more than six years, any recent progress in the fight against child undernutrition cannot be taken into account by the 2012 GHI.</p><p style="text-align:justify">&bull; Home to the majority of the world&rsquo;s undernourished children, India is in dire need of monitoring systems for child undernutrition and related indicators that produce data at regular intervals, in order to improve program performance and scale up impact (Kadiyala et al. 2012).</p><p style="text-align:justify">&bull; The 2012 world GHI fell by 26 percent from the 1990 world GHI, from a score of 19.8 to 14.7. South Asia and Sub-Saharan Africa have the highest levels of hunger with regional scores of 22.5 and 20.7, respectively.&nbsp;</p><p style="text-align:justify">&nbsp;</p><p style="text-align:justify">                                                                    <br>
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        Hunger / HDI | Malnutrition    </title>
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&bull; According&nbsp;to The State of the&nbsp;World&#39;s&nbsp;Children 2019&nbsp;report, the proportion of children under 5 years who are either stunted, wasted or overweight was 54 percent for India in 2015, 49 percent for Afganistan, 46 percent for Bangladesh in 2014, 43..."/>
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&bull; According&nbsp;to The State of the&nbsp;World&#39;s&nbsp;Children 2019&nbsp;report, the proportion of children under 5 years who are either stunted, wasted or overweight was 54 percent for India in 2015, 49 percent for Afganistan, 46 percent for Bangladesh in 2014, 43..." />
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                                            <h2 style="font-weight: bold; font-size: 13px;">What's Inside</h2>
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                                                                                                    <li>
                                                        <a href="https://im4change.in/hunger-hdi/malnutrition-41.html?pgno=2#nutrients-requirements-for-indians-recommended-dietary-allowances-and-estimated-average-requirement-released-in-september-2020">Nutrients Requirements for Indians: Recommended Dietary Allowances and Estimated Average Requirement (released in September 2020)</a>
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                                                        <a href="https://im4change.in/hunger-hdi/malnutrition-41.html?pgno=2#the-state-of-the-world39s-children-2019-children-food-and-nutrition-growing-well-in-a-changing-world-released-in-october-2019">The State of the World&#39;s Children 2019-Children, Food and Nutrition: Growing well in a changing world (released in October, 2019)</a>
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                                                                                                        <li>
                                                        <a href="https://im4change.in/hunger-hdi/malnutrition-41.html?pgno=3#india-comprehensive-national-nutrition-survey-2016-2018-released-in-october-2019">India: Comprehensive National Nutrition Survey 2016-2018 (released in October 2019)</a>
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                                                        <a href="https://im4change.in/hunger-hdi/malnutrition-41.html?pgno=4#food-and-nutrition-security-analysis-india-2019-released-in-june-2019">Food and Nutrition Security Analysis, India, 2019 (released in June 2019)</a>
                                                    </li>
                                                                                                        <li>
                                                        <a href="https://im4change.in/hunger-hdi/malnutrition-41.html?pgno=5#global-nutrition-report-2018">Global Nutrition Report 2018</a>
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                                                        <a href="https://im4change.in/hunger-hdi/malnutrition-41.html?pgno=6#urban-hungama-report-nutrition-and-the-city-released-in-february-2018">Urban HUNGaMA Report: Nutrition and the City (released in February 2018)</a>
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                                                        <a href="https://im4change.in/hunger-hdi/malnutrition-41.html?pgno=7#diet-and-nutritional-status-of-urban-population-in-india-and-prevalence-of-obesity-hypertension-diabetes-and-hyperlipidemia-in-urban-men-and-women-released-in-2017">Diet and Nutritional Status of Urban Population in India and Prevalence of Obesity, Hypertension, Diabetes and Hyperlipidemia in Urban Men and Women (released in 2017)</a>
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                                                                                                        <li>
                                                        <a href="https://im4change.in/hunger-hdi/malnutrition-41.html?pgno=8#nourishing-india-national-nutrition-strategy">Nourishing India: National Nutrition Strategy</a>
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                                                        <a href="https://im4change.in/hunger-hdi/malnutrition-41.html?pgno=9#global-nutrition-report-2016">Global Nutrition Report 2016</a>
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                                                        <a href="https://im4change.in/hunger-hdi/malnutrition-41.html?pgno=10#india-health-report-nutrition-2015">India Health Report: Nutrition 2015</a>
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                                                                                            <div><a href="javascript:void(0)" id="morewhatsinsidelink" onClick="javascript:$('#morewhatsinside').show();$('#morewhatsinsidelink').hide();$('#lesswhatsinsidelink').show();">More</a></div>
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                                                        <a href="https://im4change.in/hunger-hdi/malnutrition-41.html?pgno=11#2015-global-nutrition-report-actions-and-accountability-to-advance-nutrition-sustainable-development-by-ifpri-released-in-september-2015">2015 Global Nutrition Report: Actions and Accountability to Advance Nutrition &amp; Sustainable Development by IFPRI (released in September 2015)</a>
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                                                                                                        <li>
                                                        <a href="https://im4change.in/hunger-hdi/malnutrition-41.html?pgno=12#public-accounts-committee-2014-15-report-on-icds-scheme-of-ministry-of-women-child-development">Public Accounts Committee (2014-15) report on ICDS Scheme of Ministry of Women &amp; Child Development</a>
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                                                                                                        <li>
                                                        <a href="https://im4change.in/hunger-hdi/malnutrition-41.html?pgno=12#nutritional-intake-in-india-2011-12-published-in-october-2014">Nutritional Intake in India, 2011-12 (published in October 2014)</a>
                                                    </li>
                                                                                                        <li>
                                                        <a href="https://im4change.in/hunger-hdi/malnutrition-41.html?pgno=13#global-nutrition-report-2014">Global Nutrition Report 2014</a>
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                                                                                                        <li>
                                                        <a href="https://im4change.in/hunger-hdi/malnutrition-41.html?pgno=14#executive-summary-of-the-lancet-series-on-maternal-and-child-nutrition">Executive Summary of the Lancet series on Maternal and Child Nutrition</a>
                                                    </li>
                                                                                                        <li>
                                                        <a href="https://im4change.in/hunger-hdi/malnutrition-41.html?pgno=14#2013-unicef-report-improving-child-nutrition">2013 UNICEF report: Improving Child Nutrition</a>
                                                    </li>
                                                                                                        <li>
                                                        <a href="https://im4change.in/hunger-hdi/malnutrition-41.html?pgno=15#report-of-the-comptroller-and-auditor-general-of-india-on-performance-audit-of-integrated-child-development-services-icds-scheme">Report of the Comptroller and Auditor General of India on Performance Audit of Integrated Child Development Services (ICDS) Scheme</a>
                                                    </li>
                                                                                                        <li>
                                                        <a href="https://im4change.in/hunger-hdi/malnutrition-41.html?pgno=16#2012-global-hunger-index">2012 Global Hunger Index</a>
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                                                                                                        <li>
                                                        <a href="https://im4change.in/hunger-hdi/malnutrition-41.html?pgno=17#the-nutrition-barometer-gauging-national-responses-to-undernutrition-2012">The Nutrition Barometer: Gauging national responses to undernutrition (2012)</a>
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                                                        <a href="https://im4change.in/hunger-hdi/malnutrition-41.html?pgno=17#a-life-free-from-hunger-tackling-child-malnutrition-2012">A Life Free from Hunger: Tackling child malnutrition (2012)</a>
                                                    </li>
                                                                                                        <li>
                                                        <a href="https://im4change.in/hunger-hdi/malnutrition-41.html?pgno=18#hungama-fighting-hunger-malnutrition-2011">HUNGaMA: Fighting Hunger &amp; Malnutrition (2011)</a>
                                                    </li>
                                                                                                        <li>
                                                        <a href="https://im4change.in/hunger-hdi/malnutrition-41.html?pgno=19#world-disaster-report-2011-focus-on-hunger-and-malnutrition">World Disaster Report 2011: Focus on Hunger and Malnutrition</a>
                                                    </li>
                                                                                                        <li>
                                                        <a href="https://im4change.in/hunger-hdi/malnutrition-41.html?pgno=20#common-wealth-or-common-hunger-malnutrition-and-its-impact-on-child-survival-in-the-commonwealth-2010">Common Wealth or Common Hunger? Malnutrition and its impact on Child Survival in the Commonwealth (2010)</a>
                                                    </li>
                                                                                                        <li>
                                                        <a href="https://im4change.in/hunger-hdi/malnutrition-41.html?pgno=20#investing-in-the-future-a-united-call-to-action-on-vitamin-and-mineral-deficiencies-global-report-2009">Investing in the future: A United Call to Action on Vitamin and Mineral Deficiencies-Global Report 2009</a>
                                                    </li>
                                                                                                        <li>
                                                        <a href="https://im4change.in/hunger-hdi/malnutrition-41.html?pgno=21#tracking-progress-on-child-and-maternal-nutrition-a-survival-and-development-priority">Tracking Progress on Child and Maternal Nutrition: A survival and development priority</a>
                                                    </li>
                                                                                                        <li>
                                                        <a href="https://im4change.in/hunger-hdi/malnutrition-41.html?pgno=22#nutritional-intake-in-india-2004-2005">Nutritional Intake in India: 2004-2005</a>
                                                    </li>
                                                                                                        <li>
                                                        <a href="https://im4change.in/hunger-hdi/malnutrition-41.html?pgno=22#national-family-health-survey-iii-2005-06">National Family Health Survey-III (2005-06)</a>
                                                    </li>
                                                                                                        <li>
                                                        <a href="https://im4change.in/hunger-hdi/malnutrition-41.html?pgno=22#facilitating-improved-nutrition-for-pregnant-and-lactating-women-and-children-0ndash5-years-of-age">Facilitating Improved Nutrition for Pregnant and Lactating Women, and Children 0&ndash;5 Years of Age</a>
                                                    </li>
                                                                                                </ul>
                                            <div><a style="display:none" href="javascript:void(0)" id="lesswhatsinsidelink" onClick="javascript:$('#morewhatsinside').hide();$('#morewhatsinsidelink').show();$('#lesswhatsinsidelink').hide();">Less</a></div>
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                            &nbsp;</p><p style="text-align:justify">&nbsp;</p><p style="text-align:justify"><br /><span style="font-family:arial,helvetica,sans-serif; font-size:medium">The per capita per diem calorie intake is higher in the rural areas compared to urban areas, as could be deciphered from the graph below. However, both have seen a decline over the various rounds of National Sample Survey.&nbsp; </span></p><p style="text-align:justify">&nbsp;</p><div style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-family:arial,helvetica,sans-serif"><span style="font-size:medium"><strong>Per capita per diem intake of Calorie&nbsp; (in Kcal)</strong></span></span></div><p style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-family:arial,helvetica,sans-serif; font-size:medium"><img alt="Per capita per diem intake of Calorie  (in Kcal)" src="https://im4change.in/siteadmin/tinymce/uploaded/graf1.jpg" style="height:242px; width:577px" /> </span></p><p style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-family:arial,helvetica,sans-serif"><span style="font-size:medium"><em><span style="font-size:small"><strong>Source: </strong>Nutritional Intake in India: 2004-2005, NSS 61st Round, July 2004- June 2005</span></em></span></span></p><p style="text-align:justify">&nbsp;</p><p style="text-align:justify">&nbsp;</p><p style="text-align:justify">According to the <a name="2012-global-hunger-index">2012 Global Hunger Index</a> - The Challenge of Hunger: Ensuring Sustainable Food Security under Land, Water, and Energy Stresses, produced by IFPRI, Concern Worldwide and Welthungerhilfe, <span style="font-size:medium">please <a href="https://im4change.in/siteadmin/tinymce/uploaded/2012%20Global%20Hunger%20Index.pdf" title="2012 Global Hunger Index" title="https://im4change.in/siteadmin/tinymce/uploaded/2012%20Global%20Hunger%20Index.pdf" title="2012 Global Hunger Index">click here</a> to access</span>&nbsp;</p><p style="text-align:justify"><a href="http://www.ifpri.org/sites/default/files/publications/ghi12.pdf" title="http://www.ifpri.org/sites/default/files/publications/ghi12.pdf">http://www.ifpri.org/sites/default/files/publications/ghi12.pdf</a>&nbsp;</p><p style="text-align:justify"><a href="http://www.ifpri.org/sites/default/files/publications/ghi2012fsasia.pdf" title="http://www.ifpri.org/sites/default/files/publications/ghi2012fsasia.pdf">http://www.ifpri.org/sites/default/files/publications/ghi2<br />012fsasia.pdf</a>: &nbsp;</p><p style="text-align:justify">&nbsp;</p><p style="text-align:justify">&bull; The 2012 Global Hunger Index (GHI) is calculated for 120 developing countries and countries in transition for which data on the three indicators of hunger are available. This year&rsquo;s GHI reflects data from 2005-2010&mdash;the most recent country-level data available on the three GHI measures. It is thus a snapshot of the recent past.&nbsp;</p><p style="text-align:justify">&bull; The GHI combines three equally weighted indicators into one score: the proportion of people who are undernourished, the proportion of children under five who are underweight, and the mortality rate of children younger than age five.</p><p style="text-align:justify">&bull; The GHI ranks countries on a 100-point scale in which zero is the best score (no hunger) and 100 the worst, although neither of these extremes is reached in practice. An increase in a country&rsquo;s GHI score indicates that the hunger situation is worsening, while a decrease in the score indicates improvement in the country&rsquo;s hunger situation.</p><p style="text-align:justify">&bull; India&#39;s 2012 GHI score is 22.9 (rank: 65) as compared to China&#39;s GHI score of 5.1 (rank: 2), Bangladesh&#39;s score of 24.0 (rank: 68), Pakistan&#39;s score of 19.7 (rank: 57), Nepal&#39;s score of 20.3 (rank: 60) and Sri Lanka&#39;s score of 14.4 (rank: 37).&nbsp;</p><p style="text-align:justify">&bull; India&#39;s GHI score has improved from 30.3 in 1990 to 24.2 in 2001 and further to 22.9 in 2012. &nbsp;</p><p style="text-align:justify">&bull; India has lagged behind in improving its GHI score despite strong economic growth. After a small increase between 1996 (GHI 22.6) and 2001 (GHI 24.2), India&rsquo;s GHI score fell only slightly, and the latest GHI returned to about the 1996 level.&nbsp;</p><p style="text-align:justify">&bull; India&#39;s stagnation in GHI scores occurred during a period when India&rsquo;s gross national income (GNI) per capita almost doubled, rising from about 1,460 to 2,850 constant 2005 international dollars between 1995&ndash;97 and 2008&ndash;10 (World Bank 2012).</p><p style="text-align:justify">&bull; In India, 43.5 percent of children under five are underweight, which accounts for almost two-thirds of the country&rsquo;s alarmingly high GHI score. From 2005-2010, India ranked second to last on child underweight&mdash; below Ethiopia, Niger, Nepal, and Bangladesh.&nbsp;</p><p style="text-align:justify">&bull; Bangladesh has also closed the gender gap in education through targeted public interventions and has overtaken India on a range of social indicators, including the level and rate of reduction of child mortality.</p><p style="text-align:justify">&bull; In India, 43.5 percent of children under five are underweight, which accounts for almost two-thirds of the country&rsquo;s alarmingly high GHI score. From 2005-2010, India ranked second to last on child underweight&mdash; below Ethiopia, Niger, Nepal, and Bangladesh.&nbsp;</p><p style="text-align:justify">&bull; Bangladesh, India, and Timor-Leste have the highest prevalence of underweight children under five, more than 40 percent in each of the three countries.</p><p style="text-align:justify">&bull; According to surveys during 2000&ndash;06, 36 percent of Indian women of childbearing age were underweight, compared with only 16 percent in 23 Sub-Saharan African countries (Deaton and Dr&egrave;ze 2009).</p><p style="text-align:justify">&bull; Though India has worked to improve food security and nutrition in recent years through government-operated nutrition-relevant social programs, program effectiveness remains uncertain due to the absence of up-to-date information.</p><p style="text-align:justify">&bull; When comparing GHI scores with GNI per capita, it must be emphasized that India&rsquo;s latest GHI score is based partly on outdated data: although it includes relatively recent child mortality data from 2010, FAO&rsquo;s most recent data on undernourishment are for 2006&ndash;08, and India&rsquo;s latest available nationally representative data on child underweight were collected in 2005&ndash;06.</p><p style="text-align:justify">&bull; Given that the Government of India has failed to monitor national trends in child undernutrition for more than six years, any recent progress in the fight against child undernutrition cannot be taken into account by the 2012 GHI.</p><p style="text-align:justify">&bull; Home to the majority of the world&rsquo;s undernourished children, India is in dire need of monitoring systems for child undernutrition and related indicators that produce data at regular intervals, in order to improve program performance and scale up impact (Kadiyala et al. 2012).</p><p style="text-align:justify">&bull; The 2012 world GHI fell by 26 percent from the 1990 world GHI, from a score of 19.8 to 14.7. South Asia and Sub-Saharan Africa have the highest levels of hunger with regional scores of 22.5 and 20.7, respectively.&nbsp;</p><p style="text-align:justify">&nbsp;</p><p style="text-align:justify">                                                                    <br>
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}
$reasonPhrase = 'OK'
header - [internal], line ??
Cake\Http\ResponseEmitter::emitStatusLine() - CORE/src/Http/ResponseEmitter.php, line 148
Cake\Http\ResponseEmitter::emit() - CORE/src/Http/ResponseEmitter.php, line 54
Cake\Http\Server::emit() - CORE/src/Http/Server.php, line 141
[main] - ROOT/webroot/index.php, line 39

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Code Context
                    $value

                ), $first);

                $first = false;
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        Hunger / HDI | Malnutrition    </title>
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&bull; According&nbsp;to The State of the&nbsp;World&#39;s&nbsp;Children 2019&nbsp;report, the proportion of children under 5 years who are either stunted, wasted or overweight was 54 percent for India in 2015, 49 percent for Afganistan, 46 percent for Bangladesh in 2014, 43..."/>
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&bull; According&nbsp;to The State of the&nbsp;World&#39;s&nbsp;Children 2019&nbsp;report, the proportion of children under 5 years who are either stunted, wasted or overweight was 54 percent for India in 2015, 49 percent for Afganistan, 46 percent for Bangladesh in 2014, 43..." />
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    <h1 class="cat-box-title">Malnutrition</h1>
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                                            <h2 style="font-weight: bold; font-size: 13px;">What's Inside</h2>
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                                                        <a href="https://im4change.in/hunger-hdi/malnutrition-41.html?pgno=2#nutrients-requirements-for-indians-recommended-dietary-allowances-and-estimated-average-requirement-released-in-september-2020">Nutrients Requirements for Indians: Recommended Dietary Allowances and Estimated Average Requirement (released in September 2020)</a>
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                                                        <a href="https://im4change.in/hunger-hdi/malnutrition-41.html?pgno=2#the-state-of-the-world39s-children-2019-children-food-and-nutrition-growing-well-in-a-changing-world-released-in-october-2019">The State of the World&#39;s Children 2019-Children, Food and Nutrition: Growing well in a changing world (released in October, 2019)</a>
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                                                        <a href="https://im4change.in/hunger-hdi/malnutrition-41.html?pgno=3#india-comprehensive-national-nutrition-survey-2016-2018-released-in-october-2019">India: Comprehensive National Nutrition Survey 2016-2018 (released in October 2019)</a>
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                                                        <a href="https://im4change.in/hunger-hdi/malnutrition-41.html?pgno=4#food-and-nutrition-security-analysis-india-2019-released-in-june-2019">Food and Nutrition Security Analysis, India, 2019 (released in June 2019)</a>
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                                                        <a href="https://im4change.in/hunger-hdi/malnutrition-41.html?pgno=5#global-nutrition-report-2018">Global Nutrition Report 2018</a>
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                                                        <a href="https://im4change.in/hunger-hdi/malnutrition-41.html?pgno=6#urban-hungama-report-nutrition-and-the-city-released-in-february-2018">Urban HUNGaMA Report: Nutrition and the City (released in February 2018)</a>
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                                                        <a href="https://im4change.in/hunger-hdi/malnutrition-41.html?pgno=7#diet-and-nutritional-status-of-urban-population-in-india-and-prevalence-of-obesity-hypertension-diabetes-and-hyperlipidemia-in-urban-men-and-women-released-in-2017">Diet and Nutritional Status of Urban Population in India and Prevalence of Obesity, Hypertension, Diabetes and Hyperlipidemia in Urban Men and Women (released in 2017)</a>
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                                                        <a href="https://im4change.in/hunger-hdi/malnutrition-41.html?pgno=8#nourishing-india-national-nutrition-strategy">Nourishing India: National Nutrition Strategy</a>
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                                                        <a href="https://im4change.in/hunger-hdi/malnutrition-41.html?pgno=9#global-nutrition-report-2016">Global Nutrition Report 2016</a>
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                                                        <a href="https://im4change.in/hunger-hdi/malnutrition-41.html?pgno=10#india-health-report-nutrition-2015">India Health Report: Nutrition 2015</a>
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                                                                                            <div><a href="javascript:void(0)" id="morewhatsinsidelink" onClick="javascript:$('#morewhatsinside').show();$('#morewhatsinsidelink').hide();$('#lesswhatsinsidelink').show();">More</a></div>
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                                                        <a href="https://im4change.in/hunger-hdi/malnutrition-41.html?pgno=11#2015-global-nutrition-report-actions-and-accountability-to-advance-nutrition-sustainable-development-by-ifpri-released-in-september-2015">2015 Global Nutrition Report: Actions and Accountability to Advance Nutrition &amp; Sustainable Development by IFPRI (released in September 2015)</a>
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                                                                                                        <li>
                                                        <a href="https://im4change.in/hunger-hdi/malnutrition-41.html?pgno=12#public-accounts-committee-2014-15-report-on-icds-scheme-of-ministry-of-women-child-development">Public Accounts Committee (2014-15) report on ICDS Scheme of Ministry of Women &amp; Child Development</a>
                                                    </li>
                                                                                                        <li>
                                                        <a href="https://im4change.in/hunger-hdi/malnutrition-41.html?pgno=12#nutritional-intake-in-india-2011-12-published-in-october-2014">Nutritional Intake in India, 2011-12 (published in October 2014)</a>
                                                    </li>
                                                                                                        <li>
                                                        <a href="https://im4change.in/hunger-hdi/malnutrition-41.html?pgno=13#global-nutrition-report-2014">Global Nutrition Report 2014</a>
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                                                                                                        <li>
                                                        <a href="https://im4change.in/hunger-hdi/malnutrition-41.html?pgno=14#executive-summary-of-the-lancet-series-on-maternal-and-child-nutrition">Executive Summary of the Lancet series on Maternal and Child Nutrition</a>
                                                    </li>
                                                                                                        <li>
                                                        <a href="https://im4change.in/hunger-hdi/malnutrition-41.html?pgno=14#2013-unicef-report-improving-child-nutrition">2013 UNICEF report: Improving Child Nutrition</a>
                                                    </li>
                                                                                                        <li>
                                                        <a href="https://im4change.in/hunger-hdi/malnutrition-41.html?pgno=15#report-of-the-comptroller-and-auditor-general-of-india-on-performance-audit-of-integrated-child-development-services-icds-scheme">Report of the Comptroller and Auditor General of India on Performance Audit of Integrated Child Development Services (ICDS) Scheme</a>
                                                    </li>
                                                                                                        <li>
                                                        <a href="https://im4change.in/hunger-hdi/malnutrition-41.html?pgno=16#2012-global-hunger-index">2012 Global Hunger Index</a>
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                                                        <a href="https://im4change.in/hunger-hdi/malnutrition-41.html?pgno=17#the-nutrition-barometer-gauging-national-responses-to-undernutrition-2012">The Nutrition Barometer: Gauging national responses to undernutrition (2012)</a>
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                                                        <a href="https://im4change.in/hunger-hdi/malnutrition-41.html?pgno=17#a-life-free-from-hunger-tackling-child-malnutrition-2012">A Life Free from Hunger: Tackling child malnutrition (2012)</a>
                                                    </li>
                                                                                                        <li>
                                                        <a href="https://im4change.in/hunger-hdi/malnutrition-41.html?pgno=18#hungama-fighting-hunger-malnutrition-2011">HUNGaMA: Fighting Hunger &amp; Malnutrition (2011)</a>
                                                    </li>
                                                                                                        <li>
                                                        <a href="https://im4change.in/hunger-hdi/malnutrition-41.html?pgno=19#world-disaster-report-2011-focus-on-hunger-and-malnutrition">World Disaster Report 2011: Focus on Hunger and Malnutrition</a>
                                                    </li>
                                                                                                        <li>
                                                        <a href="https://im4change.in/hunger-hdi/malnutrition-41.html?pgno=20#common-wealth-or-common-hunger-malnutrition-and-its-impact-on-child-survival-in-the-commonwealth-2010">Common Wealth or Common Hunger? Malnutrition and its impact on Child Survival in the Commonwealth (2010)</a>
                                                    </li>
                                                                                                        <li>
                                                        <a href="https://im4change.in/hunger-hdi/malnutrition-41.html?pgno=20#investing-in-the-future-a-united-call-to-action-on-vitamin-and-mineral-deficiencies-global-report-2009">Investing in the future: A United Call to Action on Vitamin and Mineral Deficiencies-Global Report 2009</a>
                                                    </li>
                                                                                                        <li>
                                                        <a href="https://im4change.in/hunger-hdi/malnutrition-41.html?pgno=21#tracking-progress-on-child-and-maternal-nutrition-a-survival-and-development-priority">Tracking Progress on Child and Maternal Nutrition: A survival and development priority</a>
                                                    </li>
                                                                                                        <li>
                                                        <a href="https://im4change.in/hunger-hdi/malnutrition-41.html?pgno=22#nutritional-intake-in-india-2004-2005">Nutritional Intake in India: 2004-2005</a>
                                                    </li>
                                                                                                        <li>
                                                        <a href="https://im4change.in/hunger-hdi/malnutrition-41.html?pgno=22#national-family-health-survey-iii-2005-06">National Family Health Survey-III (2005-06)</a>
                                                    </li>
                                                                                                        <li>
                                                        <a href="https://im4change.in/hunger-hdi/malnutrition-41.html?pgno=22#facilitating-improved-nutrition-for-pregnant-and-lactating-women-and-children-0ndash5-years-of-age">Facilitating Improved Nutrition for Pregnant and Lactating Women, and Children 0&ndash;5 Years of Age</a>
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                                                                                                </ul>
                                            <div><a style="display:none" href="javascript:void(0)" id="lesswhatsinsidelink" onClick="javascript:$('#morewhatsinside').hide();$('#morewhatsinsidelink').show();$('#lesswhatsinsidelink').hide();">Less</a></div>
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                            &nbsp;</p><p style="text-align:justify">&nbsp;</p><p style="text-align:justify"><br /><span style="font-family:arial,helvetica,sans-serif; font-size:medium">The per capita per diem calorie intake is higher in the rural areas compared to urban areas, as could be deciphered from the graph below. However, both have seen a decline over the various rounds of National Sample Survey.&nbsp; </span></p><p style="text-align:justify">&nbsp;</p><div style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-family:arial,helvetica,sans-serif"><span style="font-size:medium"><strong>Per capita per diem intake of Calorie&nbsp; (in Kcal)</strong></span></span></div><p style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-family:arial,helvetica,sans-serif; font-size:medium"><img alt="Per capita per diem intake of Calorie  (in Kcal)" src="https://im4change.in/siteadmin/tinymce/uploaded/graf1.jpg" style="height:242px; width:577px" /> </span></p><p style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-family:arial,helvetica,sans-serif"><span style="font-size:medium"><em><span style="font-size:small"><strong>Source: </strong>Nutritional Intake in India: 2004-2005, NSS 61st Round, July 2004- June 2005</span></em></span></span></p><p style="text-align:justify">&nbsp;</p><p style="text-align:justify">&nbsp;</p><p style="text-align:justify">According to the <a name="2012-global-hunger-index">2012 Global Hunger Index</a> - The Challenge of Hunger: Ensuring Sustainable Food Security under Land, Water, and Energy Stresses, produced by IFPRI, Concern Worldwide and Welthungerhilfe, <span style="font-size:medium">please <a href="https://im4change.in/siteadmin/tinymce/uploaded/2012%20Global%20Hunger%20Index.pdf" title="2012 Global Hunger Index" title="https://im4change.in/siteadmin/tinymce/uploaded/2012%20Global%20Hunger%20Index.pdf" title="2012 Global Hunger Index">click here</a> to access</span>&nbsp;</p><p style="text-align:justify"><a href="http://www.ifpri.org/sites/default/files/publications/ghi12.pdf" title="http://www.ifpri.org/sites/default/files/publications/ghi12.pdf">http://www.ifpri.org/sites/default/files/publications/ghi12.pdf</a>&nbsp;</p><p style="text-align:justify"><a href="http://www.ifpri.org/sites/default/files/publications/ghi2012fsasia.pdf" title="http://www.ifpri.org/sites/default/files/publications/ghi2012fsasia.pdf">http://www.ifpri.org/sites/default/files/publications/ghi2<br />012fsasia.pdf</a>: &nbsp;</p><p style="text-align:justify">&nbsp;</p><p style="text-align:justify">&bull; The 2012 Global Hunger Index (GHI) is calculated for 120 developing countries and countries in transition for which data on the three indicators of hunger are available. This year&rsquo;s GHI reflects data from 2005-2010&mdash;the most recent country-level data available on the three GHI measures. It is thus a snapshot of the recent past.&nbsp;</p><p style="text-align:justify">&bull; The GHI combines three equally weighted indicators into one score: the proportion of people who are undernourished, the proportion of children under five who are underweight, and the mortality rate of children younger than age five.</p><p style="text-align:justify">&bull; The GHI ranks countries on a 100-point scale in which zero is the best score (no hunger) and 100 the worst, although neither of these extremes is reached in practice. An increase in a country&rsquo;s GHI score indicates that the hunger situation is worsening, while a decrease in the score indicates improvement in the country&rsquo;s hunger situation.</p><p style="text-align:justify">&bull; India&#39;s 2012 GHI score is 22.9 (rank: 65) as compared to China&#39;s GHI score of 5.1 (rank: 2), Bangladesh&#39;s score of 24.0 (rank: 68), Pakistan&#39;s score of 19.7 (rank: 57), Nepal&#39;s score of 20.3 (rank: 60) and Sri Lanka&#39;s score of 14.4 (rank: 37).&nbsp;</p><p style="text-align:justify">&bull; India&#39;s GHI score has improved from 30.3 in 1990 to 24.2 in 2001 and further to 22.9 in 2012. &nbsp;</p><p style="text-align:justify">&bull; India has lagged behind in improving its GHI score despite strong economic growth. After a small increase between 1996 (GHI 22.6) and 2001 (GHI 24.2), India&rsquo;s GHI score fell only slightly, and the latest GHI returned to about the 1996 level.&nbsp;</p><p style="text-align:justify">&bull; India&#39;s stagnation in GHI scores occurred during a period when India&rsquo;s gross national income (GNI) per capita almost doubled, rising from about 1,460 to 2,850 constant 2005 international dollars between 1995&ndash;97 and 2008&ndash;10 (World Bank 2012).</p><p style="text-align:justify">&bull; In India, 43.5 percent of children under five are underweight, which accounts for almost two-thirds of the country&rsquo;s alarmingly high GHI score. From 2005-2010, India ranked second to last on child underweight&mdash; below Ethiopia, Niger, Nepal, and Bangladesh.&nbsp;</p><p style="text-align:justify">&bull; Bangladesh has also closed the gender gap in education through targeted public interventions and has overtaken India on a range of social indicators, including the level and rate of reduction of child mortality.</p><p style="text-align:justify">&bull; In India, 43.5 percent of children under five are underweight, which accounts for almost two-thirds of the country&rsquo;s alarmingly high GHI score. From 2005-2010, India ranked second to last on child underweight&mdash; below Ethiopia, Niger, Nepal, and Bangladesh.&nbsp;</p><p style="text-align:justify">&bull; Bangladesh, India, and Timor-Leste have the highest prevalence of underweight children under five, more than 40 percent in each of the three countries.</p><p style="text-align:justify">&bull; According to surveys during 2000&ndash;06, 36 percent of Indian women of childbearing age were underweight, compared with only 16 percent in 23 Sub-Saharan African countries (Deaton and Dr&egrave;ze 2009).</p><p style="text-align:justify">&bull; Though India has worked to improve food security and nutrition in recent years through government-operated nutrition-relevant social programs, program effectiveness remains uncertain due to the absence of up-to-date information.</p><p style="text-align:justify">&bull; When comparing GHI scores with GNI per capita, it must be emphasized that India&rsquo;s latest GHI score is based partly on outdated data: although it includes relatively recent child mortality data from 2010, FAO&rsquo;s most recent data on undernourishment are for 2006&ndash;08, and India&rsquo;s latest available nationally representative data on child underweight were collected in 2005&ndash;06.</p><p style="text-align:justify">&bull; Given that the Government of India has failed to monitor national trends in child undernutrition for more than six years, any recent progress in the fight against child undernutrition cannot be taken into account by the 2012 GHI.</p><p style="text-align:justify">&bull; Home to the majority of the world&rsquo;s undernourished children, India is in dire need of monitoring systems for child undernutrition and related indicators that produce data at regular intervals, in order to improve program performance and scale up impact (Kadiyala et al. 2012).</p><p style="text-align:justify">&bull; The 2012 world GHI fell by 26 percent from the 1990 world GHI, from a score of 19.8 to 14.7. South Asia and Sub-Saharan Africa have the highest levels of hunger with regional scores of 22.5 and 20.7, respectively.&nbsp;</p><p style="text-align:justify">&nbsp;</p><p style="text-align:justify">                                                                    <br>
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Malnutrition

What's Inside Nutrients Requirements for Indians: Recommended Dietary Allowances and Estimated Average Requirement (released in September 2020) The State of the World's Children 2019-Children, Food and Nutrition: Growing well in a changing world (released in October, 2019) India: Comprehensive National Nutrition Survey 2016-2018 (released in October 2019) Food and Nutrition Security Analysis, India, 2019 (released in June 2019) Global Nutrition Report 2018 Urban HUNGaMA Report: Nutrition and the City (released in February 2018) Diet and Nutritional Status of Urban Population in India and Prevalence of Obesity, Hypertension, Diabetes and Hyperlipidemia in Urban Men and Women (released in 2017) Nourishing India: National Nutrition Strategy Global Nutrition Report 2016 India Health Report: Nutrition 2015 More 2015 Global Nutrition Report: Actions and Accountability to Advance Nutrition & Sustainable Development by IFPRI (released in September 2015) Public Accounts Committee (2014-15) report on ICDS Scheme of Ministry of Women & Child Development Nutritional Intake in India, 2011-12 (published in October 2014) Global Nutrition Report 2014 Executive Summary of the Lancet series on Maternal and Child Nutrition 2013 UNICEF report: Improving Child Nutrition Report of the Comptroller and Auditor General of India on Performance Audit of Integrated Child Development Services (ICDS) Scheme 2012 Global Hunger Index The Nutrition Barometer: Gauging national responses to undernutrition (2012) A Life Free from Hunger: Tackling child malnutrition (2012) HUNGaMA: Fighting Hunger & Malnutrition (2011) World Disaster Report 2011: Focus on Hunger and Malnutrition Common Wealth or Common Hunger? Malnutrition and its impact on Child Survival in the Commonwealth (2010) Investing in the future: A United Call to Action on Vitamin and Mineral Deficiencies-Global Report 2009 Tracking Progress on Child and Maternal Nutrition: A survival and development priority Nutritional Intake in India: 2004-2005 National Family Health Survey-III (2005-06) Facilitating Improved Nutrition for Pregnant and Lactating Women, and Children 0–5 Years of Age Less     The per capita per diem calorie intake is higher in the rural areas compared to urban areas, as could be deciphered from the graph below. However, both have seen a decline over the various rounds of National Sample Survey.    Per capita per diem intake of Calorie  (in Kcal) Source: Nutritional Intake in India: 2004-2005, NSS 61st Round, July 2004- June 2005     According to the 2012 Global Hunger Index - The Challenge of Hunger: Ensuring Sustainable Food Security under Land, Water, and Energy Stresses, produced by IFPRI, Concern Worldwide and Welthungerhilfe, please click here to access  http://www.ifpri.org/sites/default/files/publications/ghi12.pdf  http://www.ifpri.org/sites/default/files/publications/ghi2 012fsasia.pdf:     • The 2012 Global Hunger Index (GHI) is calculated for 120 developing countries and countries in transition for which data on the three indicators of hunger are available. This year’s GHI reflects data from 2005-2010—the most recent country-level data available on the three GHI measures. It is thus a snapshot of the recent past.  • The GHI combines three equally weighted indicators into one score: the proportion of people who are undernourished, the proportion of children under five who are underweight, and the mortality rate of children younger than age five. • The GHI ranks countries on a 100-point scale in which zero is the best score (no hunger) and 100 the worst, although neither of these extremes is reached in practice. An increase in a country’s GHI score indicates that the hunger situation is worsening, while a decrease in the score indicates improvement in the country’s hunger situation. • India's 2012 GHI score is 22.9 (rank: 65) as compared to China's GHI score of 5.1 (rank: 2), Bangladesh's score of 24.0 (rank: 68), Pakistan's score of 19.7 (rank: 57), Nepal's score of 20.3 (rank: 60) and Sri Lanka's score of 14.4 (rank: 37).  • India's GHI score has improved from 30.3 in 1990 to 24.2 in 2001 and further to 22.9 in 2012.   • India has lagged behind in improving its GHI score despite strong economic growth. After a small increase between 1996 (GHI 22.6) and 2001 (GHI 24.2), India’s GHI score fell only slightly, and the latest GHI returned to about the 1996 level.  • India's stagnation in GHI scores occurred during a period when India’s gross national income (GNI) per capita almost doubled, rising from about 1,460 to 2,850 constant 2005 international dollars between 1995–97 and 2008–10 (World Bank 2012). • In India, 43.5 percent of children under five are underweight, which accounts for almost two-thirds of the country’s alarmingly high GHI score. From 2005-2010, India ranked second to last on child underweight— below Ethiopia, Niger, Nepal, and Bangladesh.  • Bangladesh has also closed the gender gap in education through targeted public interventions and has overtaken India on a range of social indicators, including the level and rate of reduction of child mortality. • In India, 43.5 percent of children under five are underweight, which accounts for almost two-thirds of the country’s alarmingly high GHI score. From 2005-2010, India ranked second to last on child underweight— below Ethiopia, Niger, Nepal, and Bangladesh.  • Bangladesh, India, and Timor-Leste have the highest prevalence of underweight children under five, more than 40 percent in each of the three countries. • According to surveys during 2000–06, 36 percent of Indian women of childbearing age were underweight, compared with only 16 percent in 23 Sub-Saharan African countries (Deaton and Drèze 2009). • Though India has worked to improve food security and nutrition in recent years through government-operated nutrition-relevant social programs, program effectiveness remains uncertain due to the absence of up-to-date information. • When comparing GHI scores with GNI per capita, it must be emphasized that India’s latest GHI score is based partly on outdated data: although it includes relatively recent child mortality data from 2010, FAO’s most recent data on undernourishment are for 2006–08, and India’s latest available nationally representative data on child underweight were collected in 2005–06. • Given that the Government of India has failed to monitor national trends in child undernutrition for more than six years, any recent progress in the fight against child undernutrition cannot be taken into account by the 2012 GHI. • Home to the majority of the world’s undernourished children, India is in dire need of monitoring systems for child undernutrition and related indicators that produce data at regular intervals, in order to improve program performance and scale up impact (Kadiyala et al. 2012). • The 2012 world GHI fell by 26 percent from the 1990 world GHI, from a score of 19.8 to 14.7. South Asia and Sub-Saharan Africa have the highest levels of hunger with regional scores of 22.5 and 20.7, respectively.    « previous12345678910111213141516171819202122next »

Rural Expert

Tagged with: Malnutrition

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