Deprecated (16384): The ArrayAccess methods will be removed in 4.0.0.Use getParam(), getData() and getQuery() instead. - /home/brlfuser/public_html/src/Controller/ArtileDetailController.php, line: 150 You can disable deprecation warnings by setting `Error.errorLevel` to `E_ALL & ~E_USER_DEPRECATED` in your config/app.php. [CORE/src/Core/functions.php, line 311]Code Contexttrigger_error($message, E_USER_DEPRECATED);}$message = 'The ArrayAccess methods will be removed in 4.0.0.Use getParam(), getData() and getQuery() instead. - /home/brlfuser/public_html/src/Controller/ArtileDetailController.php, line: 150 You can disable deprecation warnings by setting `Error.errorLevel` to `E_ALL & ~E_USER_DEPRECATED` in your config/app.php.' $stackFrame = (int) 1 $trace = [ (int) 0 => [ 'file' => '/home/brlfuser/public_html/vendor/cakephp/cakephp/src/Http/ServerRequest.php', 'line' => (int) 2421, 'function' => 'deprecationWarning', 'args' => [ (int) 0 => 'The ArrayAccess methods will be removed in 4.0.0.Use getParam(), getData() and getQuery() instead.' ] ], (int) 1 => [ 'file' => '/home/brlfuser/public_html/src/Controller/ArtileDetailController.php', 'line' => (int) 150, 'function' => 'offsetGet', 'class' => 'Cake\Http\ServerRequest', 'object' => object(Cake\Http\ServerRequest) {}, 'type' => '->', 'args' => [ (int) 0 => 'catslug' ] ], (int) 2 => [ 'file' => '/home/brlfuser/public_html/vendor/cakephp/cakephp/src/Controller/Controller.php', 'line' => (int) 610, 'function' => 'index', 'class' => 'App\Controller\ArtileDetailController', 'object' => object(App\Controller\ArtileDetailController) {}, 'type' => '->', 'args' => [] ], (int) 3 => [ 'file' => '/home/brlfuser/public_html/vendor/cakephp/cakephp/src/Http/ActionDispatcher.php', 'line' => (int) 120, 'function' => 'invokeAction', 'class' => 'Cake\Controller\Controller', 'object' => object(App\Controller\ArtileDetailController) {}, 'type' => '->', 'args' => [] ], (int) 4 => [ 'file' => '/home/brlfuser/public_html/vendor/cakephp/cakephp/src/Http/ActionDispatcher.php', 'line' => (int) 94, 'function' => '_invoke', 'class' => 'Cake\Http\ActionDispatcher', 'object' => object(Cake\Http\ActionDispatcher) {}, 'type' => '->', 'args' => [ (int) 0 => object(App\Controller\ArtileDetailController) {} ] ], (int) 5 => [ 'file' => '/home/brlfuser/public_html/vendor/cakephp/cakephp/src/Http/BaseApplication.php', 'line' => (int) 235, 'function' => 'dispatch', 'class' => 'Cake\Http\ActionDispatcher', 'object' => object(Cake\Http\ActionDispatcher) {}, 'type' => '->', 'args' => [ (int) 0 => object(Cake\Http\ServerRequest) {}, (int) 1 => object(Cake\Http\Response) {} ] ], (int) 6 => [ 'file' => '/home/brlfuser/public_html/vendor/cakephp/cakephp/src/Http/Runner.php', 'line' => (int) 65, 'function' => '__invoke', 'class' => 'Cake\Http\BaseApplication', 'object' => object(App\Application) {}, 'type' => '->', 'args' => [ (int) 0 => object(Cake\Http\ServerRequest) {}, (int) 1 => object(Cake\Http\Response) {}, (int) 2 => object(Cake\Http\Runner) {} ] ], (int) 7 => [ 'file' => '/home/brlfuser/public_html/vendor/cakephp/cakephp/src/Routing/Middleware/RoutingMiddleware.php', 'line' => (int) 162, 'function' => '__invoke', 'class' => 'Cake\Http\Runner', 'object' => object(Cake\Http\Runner) {}, 'type' => '->', 'args' => [ (int) 0 => object(Cake\Http\ServerRequest) {}, (int) 1 => object(Cake\Http\Response) {} ] ], (int) 8 => [ 'file' => '/home/brlfuser/public_html/vendor/cakephp/cakephp/src/Http/Runner.php', 'line' => (int) 65, 'function' => '__invoke', 'class' => 'Cake\Routing\Middleware\RoutingMiddleware', 'object' => object(Cake\Routing\Middleware\RoutingMiddleware) {}, 'type' => '->', 'args' => [ (int) 0 => object(Cake\Http\ServerRequest) {}, (int) 1 => object(Cake\Http\Response) {}, (int) 2 => object(Cake\Http\Runner) {} ] ], (int) 9 => [ 'file' => '/home/brlfuser/public_html/vendor/cakephp/cakephp/src/Routing/Middleware/AssetMiddleware.php', 'line' => (int) 97, 'function' => '__invoke', 'class' => 'Cake\Http\Runner', 'object' => object(Cake\Http\Runner) {}, 'type' => '->', 'args' => [ (int) 0 => object(Cake\Http\ServerRequest) {}, (int) 1 => object(Cake\Http\Response) {} ] ], (int) 10 => [ 'file' => '/home/brlfuser/public_html/vendor/cakephp/cakephp/src/Http/Runner.php', 'line' => (int) 65, 'function' => '__invoke', 'class' => 'Cake\Routing\Middleware\AssetMiddleware', 'object' => object(Cake\Routing\Middleware\AssetMiddleware) {}, 'type' => '->', 'args' => [ (int) 0 => object(Cake\Http\ServerRequest) {}, (int) 1 => object(Cake\Http\Response) {}, (int) 2 => object(Cake\Http\Runner) {} ] ], (int) 11 => [ 'file' => '/home/brlfuser/public_html/vendor/cakephp/cakephp/src/Error/Middleware/ErrorHandlerMiddleware.php', 'line' => (int) 96, 'function' => '__invoke', 'class' => 'Cake\Http\Runner', 'object' => object(Cake\Http\Runner) {}, 'type' => '->', 'args' => [ (int) 0 => object(Cake\Http\ServerRequest) {}, (int) 1 => object(Cake\Http\Response) {} ] ], (int) 12 => [ 'file' => '/home/brlfuser/public_html/vendor/cakephp/cakephp/src/Http/Runner.php', 'line' => (int) 65, 'function' => '__invoke', 'class' => 'Cake\Error\Middleware\ErrorHandlerMiddleware', 'object' => object(Cake\Error\Middleware\ErrorHandlerMiddleware) {}, 'type' => '->', 'args' => [ (int) 0 => object(Cake\Http\ServerRequest) {}, (int) 1 => object(Cake\Http\Response) {}, (int) 2 => object(Cake\Http\Runner) {} ] ], (int) 13 => [ 'file' => '/home/brlfuser/public_html/vendor/cakephp/cakephp/src/Http/Runner.php', 'line' => (int) 51, 'function' => '__invoke', 'class' => 'Cake\Http\Runner', 'object' => object(Cake\Http\Runner) {}, 'type' => '->', 'args' => [ (int) 0 => object(Cake\Http\ServerRequest) {}, (int) 1 => object(Cake\Http\Response) {} ] ], (int) 14 => [ 'file' => '/home/brlfuser/public_html/vendor/cakephp/cakephp/src/Http/Server.php', 'line' => (int) 98, 'function' => 'run', 'class' => 'Cake\Http\Runner', 'object' => object(Cake\Http\Runner) {}, 'type' => '->', 'args' => [ (int) 0 => object(Cake\Http\MiddlewareQueue) {}, (int) 1 => object(Cake\Http\ServerRequest) {}, (int) 2 => object(Cake\Http\Response) {} ] ], (int) 15 => [ 'file' => '/home/brlfuser/public_html/webroot/index.php', 'line' => (int) 39, 'function' => 'run', 'class' => 'Cake\Http\Server', 'object' => object(Cake\Http\Server) {}, 'type' => '->', 'args' => [] ] ] $frame = [ 'file' => '/home/brlfuser/public_html/src/Controller/ArtileDetailController.php', 'line' => (int) 150, 'function' => 'offsetGet', 'class' => 'Cake\Http\ServerRequest', 'object' => object(Cake\Http\ServerRequest) { trustProxy => false [protected] params => [ [maximum depth reached] ] [protected] data => [[maximum depth reached]] [protected] query => [ [maximum depth reached] ] [protected] cookies => [[maximum depth reached]] [protected] _environment => [ [maximum depth reached] ] [protected] url => 'hunger-hdi/education-50.html' [protected] base => '' [protected] webroot => '/' [protected] here => '/hunger-hdi/education-50.html' [protected] trustedProxies => [[maximum depth reached]] [protected] _input => null [protected] _detectors => [ [maximum depth reached] ] [protected] _detectorCache => [ [maximum depth reached] ] [protected] stream => object(Zend\Diactoros\PhpInputStream) {} [protected] uri => object(Zend\Diactoros\Uri) {} [protected] session => object(Cake\Http\Session) {} [protected] attributes => [[maximum depth reached]] [protected] emulatedAttributes => [ [maximum depth reached] ] [protected] uploadedFiles => [[maximum depth reached]] [protected] protocol => null [protected] requestTarget => null [private] deprecatedProperties => [ [maximum depth reached] ] }, 'type' => '->', 'args' => [ (int) 0 => 'catslug' ] ]deprecationWarning - CORE/src/Core/functions.php, line 311 Cake\Http\ServerRequest::offsetGet() - CORE/src/Http/ServerRequest.php, line 2421 App\Controller\ArtileDetailController::index() - APP/Controller/ArtileDetailController.php, line 150 Cake\Controller\Controller::invokeAction() - CORE/src/Controller/Controller.php, line 610 Cake\Http\ActionDispatcher::_invoke() - CORE/src/Http/ActionDispatcher.php, line 120 Cake\Http\ActionDispatcher::dispatch() - CORE/src/Http/ActionDispatcher.php, line 94 Cake\Http\BaseApplication::__invoke() - CORE/src/Http/BaseApplication.php, line 235 Cake\Http\Runner::__invoke() - CORE/src/Http/Runner.php, line 65 Cake\Routing\Middleware\RoutingMiddleware::__invoke() - CORE/src/Routing/Middleware/RoutingMiddleware.php, line 162 Cake\Http\Runner::__invoke() - CORE/src/Http/Runner.php, line 65 Cake\Routing\Middleware\AssetMiddleware::__invoke() - CORE/src/Routing/Middleware/AssetMiddleware.php, line 97 Cake\Http\Runner::__invoke() - CORE/src/Http/Runner.php, line 65 Cake\Error\Middleware\ErrorHandlerMiddleware::__invoke() - CORE/src/Error/Middleware/ErrorHandlerMiddleware.php, line 96 Cake\Http\Runner::__invoke() - CORE/src/Http/Runner.php, line 65 Cake\Http\Runner::run() - CORE/src/Http/Runner.php, line 51 Cake\Http\Server::run() - CORE/src/Http/Server.php, line 98
Deprecated (16384): The ArrayAccess methods will be removed in 4.0.0.Use getParam(), getData() and getQuery() instead. - /home/brlfuser/public_html/src/Controller/ArtileDetailController.php, line: 151 You can disable deprecation warnings by setting `Error.errorLevel` to `E_ALL & ~E_USER_DEPRECATED` in your config/app.php. [CORE/src/Core/functions.php, line 311]Code Contexttrigger_error($message, E_USER_DEPRECATED);}$message = 'The ArrayAccess methods will be removed in 4.0.0.Use getParam(), getData() and getQuery() instead. - /home/brlfuser/public_html/src/Controller/ArtileDetailController.php, line: 151 You can disable deprecation warnings by setting `Error.errorLevel` to `E_ALL & ~E_USER_DEPRECATED` in your config/app.php.' $stackFrame = (int) 1 $trace = [ (int) 0 => [ 'file' => '/home/brlfuser/public_html/vendor/cakephp/cakephp/src/Http/ServerRequest.php', 'line' => (int) 2421, 'function' => 'deprecationWarning', 'args' => [ (int) 0 => 'The ArrayAccess methods will be removed in 4.0.0.Use getParam(), getData() and getQuery() instead.' ] ], (int) 1 => [ 'file' => '/home/brlfuser/public_html/src/Controller/ArtileDetailController.php', 'line' => (int) 151, 'function' => 'offsetGet', 'class' => 'Cake\Http\ServerRequest', 'object' => object(Cake\Http\ServerRequest) {}, 'type' => '->', 'args' => [ (int) 0 => 'artileslug' ] ], (int) 2 => [ 'file' => '/home/brlfuser/public_html/vendor/cakephp/cakephp/src/Controller/Controller.php', 'line' => (int) 610, 'function' => 'index', 'class' => 'App\Controller\ArtileDetailController', 'object' => object(App\Controller\ArtileDetailController) {}, 'type' => '->', 'args' => [] ], (int) 3 => [ 'file' => '/home/brlfuser/public_html/vendor/cakephp/cakephp/src/Http/ActionDispatcher.php', 'line' => (int) 120, 'function' => 'invokeAction', 'class' => 'Cake\Controller\Controller', 'object' => object(App\Controller\ArtileDetailController) {}, 'type' => '->', 'args' => [] ], (int) 4 => [ 'file' => '/home/brlfuser/public_html/vendor/cakephp/cakephp/src/Http/ActionDispatcher.php', 'line' => (int) 94, 'function' => '_invoke', 'class' => 'Cake\Http\ActionDispatcher', 'object' => object(Cake\Http\ActionDispatcher) {}, 'type' => '->', 'args' => [ (int) 0 => object(App\Controller\ArtileDetailController) {} ] ], (int) 5 => [ 'file' => '/home/brlfuser/public_html/vendor/cakephp/cakephp/src/Http/BaseApplication.php', 'line' => (int) 235, 'function' => 'dispatch', 'class' => 'Cake\Http\ActionDispatcher', 'object' => object(Cake\Http\ActionDispatcher) {}, 'type' => '->', 'args' => [ (int) 0 => object(Cake\Http\ServerRequest) {}, (int) 1 => object(Cake\Http\Response) {} ] ], (int) 6 => [ 'file' => '/home/brlfuser/public_html/vendor/cakephp/cakephp/src/Http/Runner.php', 'line' => (int) 65, 'function' => '__invoke', 'class' => 'Cake\Http\BaseApplication', 'object' => object(App\Application) {}, 'type' => '->', 'args' => [ (int) 0 => object(Cake\Http\ServerRequest) {}, (int) 1 => object(Cake\Http\Response) {}, (int) 2 => object(Cake\Http\Runner) {} ] ], (int) 7 => [ 'file' => '/home/brlfuser/public_html/vendor/cakephp/cakephp/src/Routing/Middleware/RoutingMiddleware.php', 'line' => (int) 162, 'function' => '__invoke', 'class' => 'Cake\Http\Runner', 'object' => object(Cake\Http\Runner) {}, 'type' => '->', 'args' => [ (int) 0 => object(Cake\Http\ServerRequest) {}, (int) 1 => object(Cake\Http\Response) {} ] ], (int) 8 => [ 'file' => '/home/brlfuser/public_html/vendor/cakephp/cakephp/src/Http/Runner.php', 'line' => (int) 65, 'function' => '__invoke', 'class' => 'Cake\Routing\Middleware\RoutingMiddleware', 'object' => object(Cake\Routing\Middleware\RoutingMiddleware) {}, 'type' => '->', 'args' => [ (int) 0 => object(Cake\Http\ServerRequest) {}, (int) 1 => object(Cake\Http\Response) {}, (int) 2 => object(Cake\Http\Runner) {} ] ], (int) 9 => [ 'file' => '/home/brlfuser/public_html/vendor/cakephp/cakephp/src/Routing/Middleware/AssetMiddleware.php', 'line' => (int) 97, 'function' => '__invoke', 'class' => 'Cake\Http\Runner', 'object' => object(Cake\Http\Runner) {}, 'type' => '->', 'args' => [ (int) 0 => object(Cake\Http\ServerRequest) {}, (int) 1 => object(Cake\Http\Response) {} ] ], (int) 10 => [ 'file' => '/home/brlfuser/public_html/vendor/cakephp/cakephp/src/Http/Runner.php', 'line' => (int) 65, 'function' => '__invoke', 'class' => 'Cake\Routing\Middleware\AssetMiddleware', 'object' => object(Cake\Routing\Middleware\AssetMiddleware) {}, 'type' => '->', 'args' => [ (int) 0 => object(Cake\Http\ServerRequest) {}, (int) 1 => object(Cake\Http\Response) {}, (int) 2 => object(Cake\Http\Runner) {} ] ], (int) 11 => [ 'file' => '/home/brlfuser/public_html/vendor/cakephp/cakephp/src/Error/Middleware/ErrorHandlerMiddleware.php', 'line' => (int) 96, 'function' => '__invoke', 'class' => 'Cake\Http\Runner', 'object' => object(Cake\Http\Runner) {}, 'type' => '->', 'args' => [ (int) 0 => object(Cake\Http\ServerRequest) {}, (int) 1 => object(Cake\Http\Response) {} ] ], (int) 12 => [ 'file' => '/home/brlfuser/public_html/vendor/cakephp/cakephp/src/Http/Runner.php', 'line' => (int) 65, 'function' => '__invoke', 'class' => 'Cake\Error\Middleware\ErrorHandlerMiddleware', 'object' => object(Cake\Error\Middleware\ErrorHandlerMiddleware) {}, 'type' => '->', 'args' => [ (int) 0 => object(Cake\Http\ServerRequest) {}, (int) 1 => object(Cake\Http\Response) {}, (int) 2 => object(Cake\Http\Runner) {} ] ], (int) 13 => [ 'file' => '/home/brlfuser/public_html/vendor/cakephp/cakephp/src/Http/Runner.php', 'line' => (int) 51, 'function' => '__invoke', 'class' => 'Cake\Http\Runner', 'object' => object(Cake\Http\Runner) {}, 'type' => '->', 'args' => [ (int) 0 => object(Cake\Http\ServerRequest) {}, (int) 1 => object(Cake\Http\Response) {} ] ], (int) 14 => [ 'file' => '/home/brlfuser/public_html/vendor/cakephp/cakephp/src/Http/Server.php', 'line' => (int) 98, 'function' => 'run', 'class' => 'Cake\Http\Runner', 'object' => object(Cake\Http\Runner) {}, 'type' => '->', 'args' => [ (int) 0 => object(Cake\Http\MiddlewareQueue) {}, (int) 1 => object(Cake\Http\ServerRequest) {}, (int) 2 => object(Cake\Http\Response) {} ] ], (int) 15 => [ 'file' => '/home/brlfuser/public_html/webroot/index.php', 'line' => (int) 39, 'function' => 'run', 'class' => 'Cake\Http\Server', 'object' => object(Cake\Http\Server) {}, 'type' => '->', 'args' => [] ] ] $frame = [ 'file' => '/home/brlfuser/public_html/src/Controller/ArtileDetailController.php', 'line' => (int) 151, 'function' => 'offsetGet', 'class' => 'Cake\Http\ServerRequest', 'object' => object(Cake\Http\ServerRequest) { trustProxy => false [protected] params => [ [maximum depth reached] ] [protected] data => [[maximum depth reached]] [protected] query => [ [maximum depth reached] ] [protected] cookies => [[maximum depth reached]] [protected] _environment => [ [maximum depth reached] ] [protected] url => 'hunger-hdi/education-50.html' [protected] base => '' [protected] webroot => '/' [protected] here => '/hunger-hdi/education-50.html' [protected] trustedProxies => [[maximum depth reached]] [protected] _input => null [protected] _detectors => [ [maximum depth reached] ] [protected] _detectorCache => [ [maximum depth reached] ] [protected] stream => object(Zend\Diactoros\PhpInputStream) {} [protected] uri => object(Zend\Diactoros\Uri) {} [protected] session => object(Cake\Http\Session) {} [protected] attributes => [[maximum depth reached]] [protected] emulatedAttributes => [ [maximum depth reached] ] [protected] uploadedFiles => [[maximum depth reached]] [protected] protocol => null [protected] requestTarget => null [private] deprecatedProperties => [ [maximum depth reached] ] }, 'type' => '->', 'args' => [ (int) 0 => 'artileslug' ] ]deprecationWarning - CORE/src/Core/functions.php, line 311 Cake\Http\ServerRequest::offsetGet() - CORE/src/Http/ServerRequest.php, line 2421 App\Controller\ArtileDetailController::index() - APP/Controller/ArtileDetailController.php, line 151 Cake\Controller\Controller::invokeAction() - CORE/src/Controller/Controller.php, line 610 Cake\Http\ActionDispatcher::_invoke() - CORE/src/Http/ActionDispatcher.php, line 120 Cake\Http\ActionDispatcher::dispatch() - CORE/src/Http/ActionDispatcher.php, line 94 Cake\Http\BaseApplication::__invoke() - CORE/src/Http/BaseApplication.php, line 235 Cake\Http\Runner::__invoke() - CORE/src/Http/Runner.php, line 65 Cake\Routing\Middleware\RoutingMiddleware::__invoke() - CORE/src/Routing/Middleware/RoutingMiddleware.php, line 162 Cake\Http\Runner::__invoke() - CORE/src/Http/Runner.php, line 65 Cake\Routing\Middleware\AssetMiddleware::__invoke() - CORE/src/Routing/Middleware/AssetMiddleware.php, line 97 Cake\Http\Runner::__invoke() - CORE/src/Http/Runner.php, line 65 Cake\Error\Middleware\ErrorHandlerMiddleware::__invoke() - CORE/src/Error/Middleware/ErrorHandlerMiddleware.php, line 96 Cake\Http\Runner::__invoke() - CORE/src/Http/Runner.php, line 65 Cake\Http\Runner::run() - CORE/src/Http/Runner.php, line 51 Cake\Http\Server::run() - CORE/src/Http/Server.php, line 98
Warning (512): Unable to emit headers. Headers sent in file=/home/brlfuser/public_html/vendor/cakephp/cakephp/src/Error/Debugger.php line=853 [CORE/src/Http/ResponseEmitter.php, line 48]Code Contextif (Configure::read('debug')) {trigger_error($message, E_USER_WARNING);} else {$response = object(Cake\Http\Response) { 'status' => (int) 200, 'contentType' => 'text/html', 'headers' => [ 'Content-Type' => [ [maximum depth reached] ] ], 'file' => null, 'fileRange' => [], 'cookies' => object(Cake\Http\Cookie\CookieCollection) {}, 'cacheDirectives' => [], 'body' => '<!DOCTYPE html> <!--[if lt IE 7 ]> <html class="ie ie6" lang='en'> <![endif]--> <!--[if IE 7 ]> <html class="ie ie7" lang='en'> <![endif]--> <!--[if IE 8 ]> <html class="ie ie8" lang='en'> <![endif]--> <!--[if (gte IE 9)|!(IE)]><!--> <html lang='en'> <!--<![endif]--> <head><meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=utf-8"> <title> Hunger / HDI | Education </title> <meta name="description" content="KEY TRENDS • At the national level, the proportion of government schools having facilities like drinking water was 96.39 percent, boys' toilet was 94.64 percent, girls' toilet was 97.03 percent, boundary wall was 60.12 percent, playground was 56.98 percent, ramp was 71.50 percent, CWSN toilet was 19.59 percent,..."/> <meta name="keywords" content="im4change, corruption, food security, Right To Education, malnutrition, Hunger, Health, MNREGA"/> <meta name="news_keywords" content="im4change, corruption, food security, Right To Education, malnutrition, Hunger, Health, MNREGA"> <link rel="alternate" type="application/rss+xml" title="ROR" href="/ror.xml"/> <link rel="alternate" type="application/rss+xml" title="RSS 2.0" href="/feeds/"/> <link rel="stylesheet" href="/css/bootstrap.min.css?1697864993"/> <link rel="stylesheet" href="/css/style.css?v=1.1.2"/> <link rel="stylesheet" href="/css/style-inner.css?1577045210"/> <link rel="stylesheet" id="Oswald-css" href="https://fonts.googleapis.com/css?family=Oswald%3Aregular%2C700&ver=3.8.1" type="text/css" media="all"> <link rel="stylesheet" href="/css/jquery.modal.min.css?1578285302"/> <script src="/js/jquery-1.10.2.js?1575549704"></script> <script src="/js/jquery-migrate.min.js?1575549704"></script> <link rel="shortcut icon" href="/favicon.ico" title="Favicon"> <link rel="stylesheet" href="/css/jquery-ui.css?1580720609"/> <script src="/js/jquery-ui.js?1575549704"></script> <link rel="preload" as="style" href="https://www.im4change.org/css/custom.css" onload="this.rel='stylesheet'" media="all" crossorigin="anonymous"> <link rel="preload" as="style" href="https://www.im4change.org/css/jquery.modal.min.css" onload="this.rel='stylesheet'" media="all" crossorigin="anonymous"> <link rel="preload" as="style" href="https://www.im4change.org/css/jquery-ui.css" onload="this.rel='stylesheet'" media="all" crossorigin="anonymous"> <link rel="preload" as="style" href="https://www.im4change.org/css/li-scroller.css" onload="this.rel='stylesheet'" media="all" crossorigin="anonymous"> <!-- <link rel="preload" as="style" href="https://www.im4change.org/css/style.css" onload="this.rel='stylesheet'" media="all" crossorigin="anonymous"> --> <link rel="preload" as="style" href="https://www.im4change.org/css/style-inner.css" onload="this.rel='stylesheet'" media="all" crossorigin="anonymous"> <link rel='dns-prefetch' href="//im4change.org/css/custom.css" crossorigin > <link rel="preload" as="script" href="https://www.im4change.org/js/bootstrap.js"> <link rel="preload" as="script" href="https://www.im4change.org/js/jquery.li-scroller.1.0.js"> <link rel="preload" as="script" href="https://www.im4change.org/js/jquery.modal.min.js"> <link rel="preload" as="script" href="https://www.im4change.org/js/jquery.ui.totop.js"> <link rel="preload" as="script" href="https://www.im4change.org/js/jquery-1.10.2.js"> <link rel="preload" as="script" href="https://www.im4change.org/js/jquery-migrate.min.js"> <link rel="preload" as="script" href="https://www.im4change.org/js/jquery-ui.js"> <link rel="preload" as="script" href="https://www.im4change.org/js/setting.js"> <link rel="preload" as="script" href="https://www.im4change.org/js/tie-scripts.js"> <!--[if IE]> <script type="text/javascript">jQuery(document).ready(function () { jQuery(".menu-item").has("ul").children("a").attr("aria-haspopup", "true"); 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href="https://im4change.in/hunger-hdi/education-50/print" rel="nofollow"> <img src="https://im4change.in/images/icon-print.png?1582080630" border="0" width="24" align="right" alt="Share this article"/> </a> </section> <div class="clear"></div> <div style="padding-top: 10px;"> <div class="innerLineHeight"> <div class="middleContent innerInput hunger-hdi"> <table> <tr> <td> <div class="rightSideContent" style="float: right; width: 300px; margin-left: 10px;"> <div class="box warning" style="padding: 12px;"> <div class="box-inner-block" style="padding-left: 0px;"> <div class="starlist"> <h2 style="font-weight: bold; font-size: 13px;">What's Inside</h2> <ul class="whatsinside"> <li> <a href="https://im4change.in/hunger-hdi/education-50.html?pgno=2#gloom-in-the-classroom-the-schooling-crisis-in-jharkhand-prepared-by-gyan-vigyan-samiti-jharkhand-released-in-december-2022">Gloom in the Classroom: The Schooling Crisis in Jharkhand, prepared by Gyan Vigyan Samiti Jharkhand, released in December 2022</a> </li> <li> <a href="https://im4change.in/hunger-hdi/education-50.html?pgno=3#cries-of-anguish-released-in-march-2022">Cries of Anguish (released in March 2022)</a> </li> <li> <a href="https://im4change.in/hunger-hdi/education-50.html?pgno=3#india-needs-to-learn-a-case-for-keeping-schools-open-released-in-january-2022">India Needs To Learn -- A Case for Keeping Schools Open (released in January 2022)</a> </li> <li> <a href="https://im4change.in/hunger-hdi/education-50.html?pgno=4#state-of-foundational-literacy-and-numeracy-in-india-released-on-16th-december-2021">State of Foundational Literacy and Numeracy in India (released on 16th December, 2021)</a> </li> <li> <a href="https://im4change.in/hunger-hdi/education-50.html?pgno=5#sixteenth-annual-status-of-education-report-rural-2021-released-on-17th-november-2021">Sixteenth Annual Status of Education Report (Rural) 2021 (released on 17th November, 2021)</a> </li> <li> <a href="https://im4change.in/hunger-hdi/education-50.html?pgno=6#a-future-at-stake-ndash-guidelines-and-principles-to-resume-and-renew-education-released-on-2nd-november-2021">A Future at Stake – Guidelines and Principles to Resume and Renew Education (released on 2nd November, 2021)</a> </li> <li> <a href="https://im4change.in/hunger-hdi/education-50.html?pgno=6#2021-state-of-the-education-report-for-india-no-teacher-no-class-released-in-october-2021">2021 State of the Education Report for India: No Teacher, No Class (released in October, 2021)</a> </li> <li> <a href="https://im4change.in/hunger-hdi/education-50.html?pgno=7#locked-out-emergency-report-on-school-education-released-on-6th-september-2021">Locked Out: Emergency Report on School Education (released on 6th September, 2021)</a> </li> <li> <a href="https://im4change.in/hunger-hdi/education-50.html?pgno=7#rapid-assessment-of-learning-during-school-closures-in-the-context-of-covid-19-released-in-may-2021">Rapid assessment of learning during school closures in the context of COVID-19 (released in May, 2021)</a> </li> <li> <a href="https://im4change.in/hunger-hdi/education-50.html?pgno=8#performance-grading-index-pgi-2019-20-for-states-and-union-territories-released-in-june-2021">Performance Grading Index (PGI) 2019-20 for States and Union Territories (released in June, 2021)</a> </li> </ul> <div><a href="javascript:void(0)" id="morewhatsinsidelink" onClick="javascript:$('#morewhatsinside').show();$('#morewhatsinsidelink').hide();$('#lesswhatsinsidelink').show();">More</a></div> <ul class="whatsinside" id="morewhatsinside" style="display:none"> <li> <a href="https://im4change.in/hunger-hdi/education-50.html?pgno=9#covid-19-and-school-closures-one-year-of-education-disruption-released-in-march-2021">COVID-19 and School Closures: One Year of Education Disruption (released in March, 2021)</a> </li> <li> <a href="https://im4change.in/hunger-hdi/education-50.html?pgno=10#aser-2020-wave-1-for-rural-areas-released-in-october-2020">ASER 2020 Wave-1 for rural areas (released in October, 2020)</a> </li> <li> <a href="https://im4change.in/hunger-hdi/education-50.html?pgno=11#broken-slates-and-blank-screens-education-under-lockdown-released-in-september-2020">Broken Slates and Blank Screens: Education Under Lockdown (released in September 2020)</a> </li> <li> <a href="https://im4change.in/hunger-hdi/education-50.html?pgno=11#parliamentary-standing-committee-report-on-demands-for-grants-2020-21-demand-no-58-of-the-department-of-school-education-literacy-presented-to-the-rajya-sabha-on-5th-march-2020">Parliamentary Standing Committee report on Demands for Grants 2020-21 (Demand No. 58) of the Department of School Education & Literacy (presented to the Rajya Sabha on 5th March, 2020)</a> </li> <li> <a href="https://im4change.in/hunger-hdi/education-50.html?pgno=12#spanaser-2019-39early-years39-released-in-january-2020">ASER 2019 'Early Years' (released in January 2020)</a> </li> <li> <a href="https://im4change.in/hunger-hdi/education-50.html?pgno=13#draft-national-education-policy-2019">Draft National Education Policy 2019</a> </li> <li> <a href="https://im4change.in/hunger-hdi/education-50.html?pgno=13#nss-75th-round-report-key-indicators-of-household-social-consumption-on-education-in-india-july-2017-to-june-2018-released-on-23rd-november-2019">NSS 75th Round Report: Key Indicators of Household Social Consumption on Education in India, July 2017 to June 2018 (released on 23rd November 2019)</a> </li> <li> <a href="https://im4change.in/hunger-hdi/education-50.html?pgno=13#annual-status-of-education-report-aser-2018">Annual Status of Education Report (ASER) 2018</a> </li> <li> <a href="https://im4change.in/hunger-hdi/education-50.html?pgno=14#aser-2017-beyond-basics-released-in-january-2018">ASER 2017: Beyond Basics (released in January, 2018)</a> </li> <li> <a href="https://im4change.in/hunger-hdi/education-50.html?pgno=15#aser-2016-released-in-january-2017">ASER 2016 (released in January, 2017)</a> </li> <li> <a href="https://im4change.in/hunger-hdi/education-50.html?pgno=16#71st-round-nss-report-key-indicators-of-social-consumption-in-india-education-published-in-june-2015">71st round NSS report: Key Indicators of Social Consumption in India Education (published in June 2015)</a> </li> <li> <a href="https://im4change.in/hunger-hdi/education-50.html?pgno=17#annual-status-of-education-report-2014-released-in-january-2015">Annual Status of Education Report 2014 (released in January 2015)</a> </li> <li> <a href="https://im4change.in/hunger-hdi/education-50.html?pgno=18#11th-unesco-education-for-all-global-monitoring-report-2013-14">11th UNESCO Education for All Global Monitoring Report 2013-14</a> </li> <li> <a href="https://im4change.in/hunger-hdi/education-50.html?pgno=19#aser-2013-report">ASER 2013 report</a> </li> <li> <a href="https://im4change.in/hunger-hdi/education-50.html?pgno=20#nss-report-no-551-66106-titled-status-of-education-and-vocational-training-in-india-66th-round">NSS report no. 551 (66/10/6) titled Status of Education and Vocational Training in India (66th Round)</a> </li> <li> <a href="https://im4change.in/hunger-hdi/education-50.html?pgno=21#annual-status-of-education-report-2012">Annual Status of Education Report 2012</a> </li> <li> <a href="https://im4change.in/hunger-hdi/education-50.html?pgno=22#children-in-india-2012-a-statistical-appraisal">Children in India 2012-A Statistical Appraisal</a> </li> <li> <a href="https://im4change.in/hunger-hdi/education-50.html?pgno=23#annual-status-of-education-report-aser-2011">Annual Status of Education Report (ASER) 2011</a> </li> <li> <a href="https://im4change.in/hunger-hdi/education-50.html?pgno=24#global-education-digest-2011-comparing-education-statistics-across-the-world">Global Education Digest 2011-Comparing Education Statistics Across the World</a> </li> <li> <a href="https://im4change.in/hunger-hdi/education-50.html?pgno=24#annual-status-of-education-report-aser-2010">Annual Status of Education Report (ASER) 2010</a> </li> <li> <a href="https://im4change.in/hunger-hdi/education-50.html?pgno=25#annual-status-of-education-report-2009">Annual Status of Education Report 2009</a> </li> <li> <a href="https://im4change.in/hunger-hdi/education-50.html?pgno=26#education-in-india-2007-08">Education in India: 2007-08</a> </li> <li> <a href="https://im4change.in/hunger-hdi/education-50.html?pgno=27#education-for-all-report-2010">Education for All Report 2010</a> </li> <li> <a href="https://im4change.in/hunger-hdi/education-50.html?pgno=27#secondary-education-in-india-universalizing-opportunity-2009">Secondary Education in India: Universalizing Opportunity (2009)</a> </li> <li> <a href="https://im4change.in/hunger-hdi/education-50.html?pgno=27#annual-status-of-education-report-2008-rural">Annual Status of Education Report 2008 (Rural)</a> </li> <li> <a href="https://im4change.in/hunger-hdi/education-50.html?pgno=27#literacy-and-levels-of-education-in-india-1999-2000-of-the-55th-round-nss">Literacy and Levels of Education in India 1999-2000 of the 55th Round NSS</a> </li> </ul> <div><a style="display:none" href="javascript:void(0)" id="lesswhatsinsidelink" onClick="javascript:$('#morewhatsinside').hide();$('#morewhatsinsidelink').show();$('#lesswhatsinsidelink').hide();">Less</a></div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div> </p><p style="text-align:justify"><br />The Annual Status of Education Report, <a name="aser-2016-released-in-january-2017">ASER 2016 (released in January, 2017)</a>, covers 589 rural districts. The survey was carried out in 17,473 villages, covering 350,232 households and 562,305 children in the age group 3-16 years. <br /><br />The key findings of the 11th ASER (i.e. 2016 ASER) are as follows (please <a href="https://im4change.in/siteadmin/tinymce/uploaded/aser%202016.pdf" title="ASER 2016" title="https://im4change.in/siteadmin/tinymce/uploaded/aser%202016.pdf" title="ASER 2016">click here</a> to access):<br /><br /><strong><em>At the national level, enrollment increased for all age groups between 2014 and 2016. </em></strong><br /><br /><span style="font-family:arial,helvetica,sans-serif; font-size:medium"><span style="font-family:arial,helvetica,sans-serif; font-size:medium"><span style="font-family:arial,helvetica,sans-serif; font-size:medium"><span style="font-family:arial,helvetica,sans-serif; font-size:medium">• </span></span></span></span>Enrollment for the age group 6-14 has been 96 percent or above since 2009. This proportion increased from 96.7 percent in 2014 to 96.9 percent in 2016.<br /><br /><span style="font-family:arial,helvetica,sans-serif; font-size:medium"><span style="font-family:arial,helvetica,sans-serif; font-size:medium"><span style="font-family:arial,helvetica,sans-serif; font-size:medium"><span style="font-family:arial,helvetica,sans-serif; font-size:medium">• </span></span></span></span>Enrollment for the age group 15-16 has also improved for both boys and girls, rising from 83.4 percent in 2014 to 84.7 percent in 2016.<br /><br /><span style="font-family:arial,helvetica,sans-serif; font-size:medium"><span style="font-family:arial,helvetica,sans-serif; font-size:medium"><span style="font-family:arial,helvetica,sans-serif; font-size:medium"><span style="font-family:arial,helvetica,sans-serif; font-size:medium">• </span></span></span></span>However, in some states, the fraction of out of school children (age 6-14) has increased between 2014 and 2016. These include Madhya Pradesh (from 3.4 percent to 4.4 percent), Chhattisgarh (from 2 percent to 2.8 percent), and Uttar Pradesh (from 4.9 percent to 5.3 percent).<br /><br /><span style="font-family:arial,helvetica,sans-serif; font-size:medium"><span style="font-family:arial,helvetica,sans-serif; font-size:medium"><span style="font-family:arial,helvetica,sans-serif; font-size:medium"><span style="font-family:arial,helvetica,sans-serif; font-size:medium">• </span></span></span></span>In some states the proportion of girls (age group 11-14 years) out of school remains greater than 8 percent. These states are Rajasthan (9.7 percent) and Uttar Pradesh (9.9 percent). Joining them in 2016 is Madhya Pradesh (8.5 percent).<br /><br /><strong><em>No increase in private school enrollment between 2014 and 2016. </em></strong><br /><br /><span style="font-family:arial,helvetica,sans-serif; font-size:medium"><span style="font-family:arial,helvetica,sans-serif; font-size:medium"><span style="font-family:arial,helvetica,sans-serif; font-size:medium"><span style="font-family:arial,helvetica,sans-serif; font-size:medium">• </span></span></span></span>At the all India level, the proportion of children (age 6-14 years) enrolled in private schools is almost unchanged at 30.5 percent in 2016, as compared to 30.8 percent in 2014.<br /><br /><span style="font-family:arial,helvetica,sans-serif; font-size:medium"><span style="font-family:arial,helvetica,sans-serif; font-size:medium"><span style="font-family:arial,helvetica,sans-serif; font-size:medium"><span style="font-family:arial,helvetica,sans-serif; font-size:medium">• </span></span></span></span>The gender gap in private school enrollment has decreased slightly in both the 7-10 and the 11-14 age group. In 2014, among children age 11-14, the gap between boys' and girls' enrollment in private school was 7.6 percentage points. In 2016, this gap had decreased to 6.9 percentage points.<br /><br /><span style="font-family:arial,helvetica,sans-serif; font-size:medium"><span style="font-family:arial,helvetica,sans-serif; font-size:medium"><span style="font-family:arial,helvetica,sans-serif; font-size:medium"><span style="font-family:arial,helvetica,sans-serif; font-size:medium">• </span></span></span></span>Two states show significant increases in government school enrollment relative to 2014 levels. In Kerala, the proportion of children (age 11-14) enrolled in government school increased from 40.6 percent in 2014 to 49.9 percent in 2016. In Gujarat, this proportion increased from 79.2 percent in 2014 to 86 percent in 2016.<br /><br /><span style="font-family:arial,helvetica,sans-serif; font-size:medium"><span style="font-family:arial,helvetica,sans-serif; font-size:medium"><span style="font-family:arial,helvetica,sans-serif; font-size:medium">• </span></span></span>Three states show substantial increases since 2014 in private school enrollment among children in the elementary school age group (age 6-14): Uttarakhand (from 37.5 percent to 41.6 percent), Arunachal Pradesh (from 24.4 percent to 29.5 percent), and Assam (from 17.3 percent to 22 percent).<br /><br /><strong><em>Nationally, reading ability has improved especially in early grades in government schools. </em></strong><br /><br /><span style="font-family:arial,helvetica,sans-serif; font-size:medium"><span style="font-family:arial,helvetica,sans-serif; font-size:medium">• </span></span>Nationally, the proportion of children in Std III who are able to read at least Std I level text has gone up slightly, from 40.2 percent in 2014 to 42.5 percent in 2016. This proportion shows substantial increases among children in government schools in many states: Punjab, Uttarakhand, Haryana, Chhattisgarh, Gujarat, Maharashtra and Telangana. All these states show an improvement of more than 7 percentage points since 2014.<br /><br /><span style="font-family:arial,helvetica,sans-serif; font-size:medium"><span style="font-family:arial,helvetica,sans-serif; font-size:medium">• </span></span>Overall reading levels in Std V are almost the same year on year from 2011 to 2016. However, the proportion of children in Std V who could read a Std II level text improved by more than 5 percentage points from 2014 to 2016 in Gujarat, Maharashtra, Tripura, Nagaland and Rajasthan. This improvement is driven by gains in learning levels in government schools in these states.<br /><br /><span style="font-family:arial,helvetica,sans-serif; font-size:medium"><span style="font-family:arial,helvetica,sans-serif; font-size:medium">• </span></span>Nationally, reading levels in Std VIII show a slight decline since 2014 (from 74.7 percent to 73.1 percent). Then and now, three out of every four children enrolled in Std VIII can read at least Std II level (the highest level assessed in the ASER survey). The state-wise picture for Std VIII reading levels does not show much improvement except for government schools in Manipur, Rajasthan, Maharashtra and Tamil Nadu.<br /><br /><strong><em>Arithmetic shows improvement in government schools in primary grades. </em></strong><br /><br /><span style="font-family:arial,helvetica,sans-serif; font-size:medium"><span style="font-family:arial,helvetica,sans-serif; font-size:medium">• </span></span>Although low, the all India (rural) figures for basic arithmetic have improved slightly for Std III in 2016 as compared to 2014. This is the first year since 2010, that there is an upward trend in arithmetic figures.<br /><br /><span style="font-family:arial,helvetica,sans-serif; font-size:medium"><span style="font-family:arial,helvetica,sans-serif; font-size:medium">• </span></span>In 2014, for the country 25.4 percent of Std III children could do a 2-digit subtraction. This number has risen slightly to 27.7 percent in 2016. This improvement has come primarily from government schools where the percentage of Std III children who could do a 2-digit subtraction increased from 17.2 percent in 2014 to 20.2 percent in 2016.<br /><br /><span style="font-family:arial,helvetica,sans-serif; font-size:medium"><span style="font-family:arial,helvetica,sans-serif; font-size:medium">• </span></span>In almost all states there is some improvement in the arithmetic levels of children enrolled in government schools in Std III. States with an increase of 5 percentage points or more since 2014 include Himachal Pradesh, Uttarakhand, Gujarat, Andhra Pradesh, Telangana, Odisha and Chhattisgarh.<br /><br /><span style="font-family:arial,helvetica,sans-serif; font-size:medium">• </span>From 2014 to 2016, for Std V children, the level of arithmetic as measured by children's ability to do simple division problems has remained almost the same at 26 percent. Only five major states show an improvement of more than 5 percentage points. These are Himachal Pradesh, Madhya Pradesh, Odisha, Chhattisgarh and Uttarakhand.<br /><br /><span style="font-family:arial,helvetica,sans-serif; font-size:medium">• </span>However, the ability to do division among Std VIII students has continued to drop. This declining trend has been observed since 2010. The proportion of Std VIII students who could correctly do a 3-digit by 1-digit division problem was 68.4 percent in 2010. This number dropped to 44.2 percent in 2014, and has further declined to 43.3 percent in 2016. Only children in Manipur, Karnataka and Telangana show an increase of 5 percentage points or more.<br /><br /><strong><em>Ability to read English is unchanged for lower primary grades.</em></strong><br /> <br />Assessments of basic English have been carried out in 2007, 2009, 2012, 2014 and 2016.<br /><br /><span style="font-family:arial,helvetica,sans-serif; font-size:medium">• </span>Children's ability to read English is slightly improved in Std III but relatively unchanged in Std V. In 2016, 32 percent children in Std III could read simple words in English as compared to 28.5 percent in 2009.<br /><br /><span style="font-family:arial,helvetica,sans-serif; font-size:medium">• </span>In comparison, in 2016, 24.5 percent of children enrolled in Std V could read simple English sentences. This number is virtually unchanged since 2009. However, a few states show improvements since 2014 for government school children enrolled in Std V. These states are Himachal Pradesh, Uttarakhand, Haryana, Maharashtra and Kerala (all with improvements of 5 percentage points or more). In nine states, the levels of English reading of private schools has also improved. These are Himachal Pradesh, Punjab, Assam, Jharkhand, Chhattisgarh, Madhya Pradesh, Tamil Nadu, Andhra Pradesh and Telangana.<br /><br /><span style="font-family:arial,helvetica,sans-serif; font-size:medium">• </span>However, the decline in upper primary grades continues. For example, in 2009, 60.2 percent of children in Std VIII could read simple sentences in English; in 2014, this figure was 46.7 percent and in 2016 this ability has further declined to 45.2 percent.<br /><br /><span style="font-family:arial,helvetica,sans-serif; font-size:medium">• </span>In 2016, of those who can read words (regardless of grade), roughly 60 percent could explain the meanings of the words read. Of those who can read sentences, 62.4 percent in Std V could explain the meaning of the sentences. Both these levels are virtually unchanged since 2014.<br /><br /><strong><em>School observations </em></strong><br /><br />As part of the ASER survey, one government school with primary sections is visited in each sampled village.<br /><br />ASER 2016 visited 15,630 government schools with primary sections. Of these 9,644 were primary schools and 5,986 were upper primary schools which also had primary sections.<br /><br /><em><strong>Children's attendance shows no major change from 2014. </strong></em><br /><br /><span style="font-family:arial,helvetica,sans-serif; font-size:medium">• </span>In 2016, ASER data indicates that 71.4 percent of enrolled children in primary schools and 73.2 percent of enrolled children in upper primary schools were present on the day of the visit. In 2014, these figures were 71.3 percent in primary schools and 71.1 percent in upper primary schools.<br /><br /><span style="font-family:arial,helvetica,sans-serif; font-size:medium">• </span>As in previous years, children's attendance varies considerably across the country. States like Himachal Pradesh, Punjab, Uttarakhand, Haryana, Nagaland, Mizoram, Gujarat, Maharashtra, Karnataka, Andhra Pradesh, Kerala and Tamil Nadu have attendance levels that are above 80 percent. But in states like Uttar Pradesh, Bihar, Manipur, West Bengal, and Madhya Pradesh, attendance rates range from 50 to 60 percent.<br /><br /><span style="font-family:arial,helvetica,sans-serif; font-size:medium">• </span>Trends over time show that children's attendance in both primary and upper primary schools was higher in 2009 as compared to 2016. In 2009, attendance was at 74.3 percent in primary schools. The figure for 2016 is 71.4 percent. Similar data for upper primary schools shows a decline from 77 percent in 2009 to 73.2 percent in 2016.<br /><br /><strong><em>The proportion of "small schools" in the government primary school sector continues to grow. The percentage of multigrade classrooms has also increased. </em></strong><br /><br /><span style="font-family:arial,helvetica,sans-serif; font-size:medium">• </span>Of the government primary schools visited in 2016, close to 40 percent are "small schools" with a total enrollment of 60 children or less. 8.9 percent of the upper primary schools visited had a total enrollment of 60 children or less.<br /><br /><span style="font-family:arial,helvetica,sans-serif; font-size:medium">• </span>In 2009, the percentage of government primary schools visited that were "small" was 26.1 percent. The corresponding number for upper primary schools was 4.5 percent.<br /><br /><span style="font-family:arial,helvetica,sans-serif; font-size:medium">• </span>ASER also notes the proportion of children enrolled in Std II and Std IV who are sitting with other grades. This proportion has been going up over time. In primary schools, in 2010, 55.2 percent of Std II classes sat with other grades. This figure has gone up to 63.7 percent in 2016. Similar trends are also visible for Std IV. The proportion of classes in which Std IV children are sitting with other grades increased from 49 percent in 2010 to 58 percent in 2016.<br /><br /><em><strong>For the most part, improvement in school facilities continues. </strong></em><br /><br /><span style="font-family:arial,helvetica,sans-serif; font-size:medium">• </span>ASER records whether toilets are available and useable on the day of the visit. Since 2010, there has been significant progress in the availability of useable toilets. Nationally in 2016, 68.7 percent of schools visited had toilet facilities that were useable as compared 47.2 percent in 2010. In 2016, only 3.5 percent of the schools visited had no toilet facility.<br /><br /><span style="font-family:arial,helvetica,sans-serif; font-size:medium">• </span>The proportion of schools visited where girls' toilets were available and useable has gone up from 32.9 percent in 2010 to 55.7 percent in 2014 to 61.9 percent in 2016. In four states, 80 percent or more schools visited had useable girls'toilets. These states are Gujarat, Rajasthan, Himachal Pradesh and Haryana.<br /><br /><span style="font-family:arial,helvetica,sans-serif; font-size:medium">• </span>Drinking water was available in 74.1 percent of the schools that were visited in 2016, down from 75.6 percent in 2014. In 2010, this figure was 72.7 percent. In four states (Bihar, Chhattisgarh, Gujarat and Himachal Pradesh), drinking water was available in 85 percent or more of schools.<br /><br /><span style="font-family:arial,helvetica,sans-serif; font-size:medium">• </span>There has been no change in the availability of computers in schools since 2014. The 2016 figure is 20 percent as compared to 19.6 percent in 2014. However, some states stand out in terms of high provision of computers. In Kerala, 89 percent of schools visited had computers; this number was 75.2 percent in Gujarat, 55.1 percent in Maharashtra and 57.3 percent in Tamil Nadu.<br /><br /><span style="font-family:arial,helvetica,sans-serif; font-size:medium">• </span>The proportion of schools with libraries has fallen from 78.1 percent in 2014 to 75.5 percent in 2016. However, children were seen using library books in more schools in 2016. 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href="https://im4change.in/hunger-hdi/education-50/print" rel="nofollow"> <img src="https://im4change.in/images/icon-print.png?1582080630" border="0" width="24" align="right" alt="Share this article"/> </a> </section> <div class="clear"></div> <div style="padding-top: 10px;"> <div class="innerLineHeight"> <div class="middleContent innerInput hunger-hdi"> <table> <tr> <td> <div class="rightSideContent" style="float: right; width: 300px; margin-left: 10px;"> <div class="box warning" style="padding: 12px;"> <div class="box-inner-block" style="padding-left: 0px;"> <div class="starlist"> <h2 style="font-weight: bold; font-size: 13px;">What's Inside</h2> <ul class="whatsinside"> <li> <a href="https://im4change.in/hunger-hdi/education-50.html?pgno=2#gloom-in-the-classroom-the-schooling-crisis-in-jharkhand-prepared-by-gyan-vigyan-samiti-jharkhand-released-in-december-2022">Gloom in the Classroom: The Schooling Crisis in Jharkhand, prepared by Gyan Vigyan Samiti Jharkhand, released in December 2022</a> </li> <li> <a href="https://im4change.in/hunger-hdi/education-50.html?pgno=3#cries-of-anguish-released-in-march-2022">Cries of Anguish (released in March 2022)</a> </li> <li> <a href="https://im4change.in/hunger-hdi/education-50.html?pgno=3#india-needs-to-learn-a-case-for-keeping-schools-open-released-in-january-2022">India Needs To Learn -- A Case for Keeping Schools Open (released in January 2022)</a> </li> <li> <a href="https://im4change.in/hunger-hdi/education-50.html?pgno=4#state-of-foundational-literacy-and-numeracy-in-india-released-on-16th-december-2021">State of Foundational Literacy and Numeracy in India (released on 16th December, 2021)</a> </li> <li> <a href="https://im4change.in/hunger-hdi/education-50.html?pgno=5#sixteenth-annual-status-of-education-report-rural-2021-released-on-17th-november-2021">Sixteenth Annual Status of Education Report (Rural) 2021 (released on 17th November, 2021)</a> </li> <li> <a href="https://im4change.in/hunger-hdi/education-50.html?pgno=6#a-future-at-stake-ndash-guidelines-and-principles-to-resume-and-renew-education-released-on-2nd-november-2021">A Future at Stake – Guidelines and Principles to Resume and Renew Education (released on 2nd November, 2021)</a> </li> <li> <a href="https://im4change.in/hunger-hdi/education-50.html?pgno=6#2021-state-of-the-education-report-for-india-no-teacher-no-class-released-in-october-2021">2021 State of the Education Report for India: No Teacher, No Class (released in October, 2021)</a> </li> <li> <a href="https://im4change.in/hunger-hdi/education-50.html?pgno=7#locked-out-emergency-report-on-school-education-released-on-6th-september-2021">Locked Out: Emergency Report on School Education (released on 6th September, 2021)</a> </li> <li> <a href="https://im4change.in/hunger-hdi/education-50.html?pgno=7#rapid-assessment-of-learning-during-school-closures-in-the-context-of-covid-19-released-in-may-2021">Rapid assessment of learning during school closures in the context of COVID-19 (released in May, 2021)</a> </li> <li> <a href="https://im4change.in/hunger-hdi/education-50.html?pgno=8#performance-grading-index-pgi-2019-20-for-states-and-union-territories-released-in-june-2021">Performance Grading Index (PGI) 2019-20 for States and Union Territories (released in June, 2021)</a> </li> </ul> <div><a href="javascript:void(0)" id="morewhatsinsidelink" onClick="javascript:$('#morewhatsinside').show();$('#morewhatsinsidelink').hide();$('#lesswhatsinsidelink').show();">More</a></div> <ul class="whatsinside" id="morewhatsinside" style="display:none"> <li> <a href="https://im4change.in/hunger-hdi/education-50.html?pgno=9#covid-19-and-school-closures-one-year-of-education-disruption-released-in-march-2021">COVID-19 and School Closures: One Year of Education Disruption (released in March, 2021)</a> </li> <li> <a href="https://im4change.in/hunger-hdi/education-50.html?pgno=10#aser-2020-wave-1-for-rural-areas-released-in-october-2020">ASER 2020 Wave-1 for rural areas (released in October, 2020)</a> </li> <li> <a href="https://im4change.in/hunger-hdi/education-50.html?pgno=11#broken-slates-and-blank-screens-education-under-lockdown-released-in-september-2020">Broken Slates and Blank Screens: Education Under Lockdown (released in September 2020)</a> </li> <li> <a href="https://im4change.in/hunger-hdi/education-50.html?pgno=11#parliamentary-standing-committee-report-on-demands-for-grants-2020-21-demand-no-58-of-the-department-of-school-education-literacy-presented-to-the-rajya-sabha-on-5th-march-2020">Parliamentary Standing Committee report on Demands for Grants 2020-21 (Demand No. 58) of the Department of School Education & Literacy (presented to the Rajya Sabha on 5th March, 2020)</a> </li> <li> <a href="https://im4change.in/hunger-hdi/education-50.html?pgno=12#spanaser-2019-39early-years39-released-in-january-2020">ASER 2019 'Early Years' (released in January 2020)</a> </li> <li> <a href="https://im4change.in/hunger-hdi/education-50.html?pgno=13#draft-national-education-policy-2019">Draft National Education Policy 2019</a> </li> <li> <a href="https://im4change.in/hunger-hdi/education-50.html?pgno=13#nss-75th-round-report-key-indicators-of-household-social-consumption-on-education-in-india-july-2017-to-june-2018-released-on-23rd-november-2019">NSS 75th Round Report: Key Indicators of Household Social Consumption on Education in India, July 2017 to June 2018 (released on 23rd November 2019)</a> </li> <li> <a href="https://im4change.in/hunger-hdi/education-50.html?pgno=13#annual-status-of-education-report-aser-2018">Annual Status of Education Report (ASER) 2018</a> </li> <li> <a href="https://im4change.in/hunger-hdi/education-50.html?pgno=14#aser-2017-beyond-basics-released-in-january-2018">ASER 2017: Beyond Basics (released in January, 2018)</a> </li> <li> <a href="https://im4change.in/hunger-hdi/education-50.html?pgno=15#aser-2016-released-in-january-2017">ASER 2016 (released in January, 2017)</a> </li> <li> <a href="https://im4change.in/hunger-hdi/education-50.html?pgno=16#71st-round-nss-report-key-indicators-of-social-consumption-in-india-education-published-in-june-2015">71st round NSS report: Key Indicators of Social Consumption in India Education (published in June 2015)</a> </li> <li> <a href="https://im4change.in/hunger-hdi/education-50.html?pgno=17#annual-status-of-education-report-2014-released-in-january-2015">Annual Status of Education Report 2014 (released in January 2015)</a> </li> <li> <a href="https://im4change.in/hunger-hdi/education-50.html?pgno=18#11th-unesco-education-for-all-global-monitoring-report-2013-14">11th UNESCO Education for All Global Monitoring Report 2013-14</a> </li> <li> <a href="https://im4change.in/hunger-hdi/education-50.html?pgno=19#aser-2013-report">ASER 2013 report</a> </li> <li> <a href="https://im4change.in/hunger-hdi/education-50.html?pgno=20#nss-report-no-551-66106-titled-status-of-education-and-vocational-training-in-india-66th-round">NSS report no. 551 (66/10/6) titled Status of Education and Vocational Training in India (66th Round)</a> </li> <li> <a href="https://im4change.in/hunger-hdi/education-50.html?pgno=21#annual-status-of-education-report-2012">Annual Status of Education Report 2012</a> </li> <li> <a href="https://im4change.in/hunger-hdi/education-50.html?pgno=22#children-in-india-2012-a-statistical-appraisal">Children in India 2012-A Statistical Appraisal</a> </li> <li> <a href="https://im4change.in/hunger-hdi/education-50.html?pgno=23#annual-status-of-education-report-aser-2011">Annual Status of Education Report (ASER) 2011</a> </li> <li> <a href="https://im4change.in/hunger-hdi/education-50.html?pgno=24#global-education-digest-2011-comparing-education-statistics-across-the-world">Global Education Digest 2011-Comparing Education Statistics Across the World</a> </li> <li> <a href="https://im4change.in/hunger-hdi/education-50.html?pgno=24#annual-status-of-education-report-aser-2010">Annual Status of Education Report (ASER) 2010</a> </li> <li> <a href="https://im4change.in/hunger-hdi/education-50.html?pgno=25#annual-status-of-education-report-2009">Annual Status of Education Report 2009</a> </li> <li> <a href="https://im4change.in/hunger-hdi/education-50.html?pgno=26#education-in-india-2007-08">Education in India: 2007-08</a> </li> <li> <a href="https://im4change.in/hunger-hdi/education-50.html?pgno=27#education-for-all-report-2010">Education for All Report 2010</a> </li> <li> <a href="https://im4change.in/hunger-hdi/education-50.html?pgno=27#secondary-education-in-india-universalizing-opportunity-2009">Secondary Education in India: Universalizing Opportunity (2009)</a> </li> <li> <a href="https://im4change.in/hunger-hdi/education-50.html?pgno=27#annual-status-of-education-report-2008-rural">Annual Status of Education Report 2008 (Rural)</a> </li> <li> <a href="https://im4change.in/hunger-hdi/education-50.html?pgno=27#literacy-and-levels-of-education-in-india-1999-2000-of-the-55th-round-nss">Literacy and Levels of Education in India 1999-2000 of the 55th Round NSS</a> </li> </ul> <div><a style="display:none" href="javascript:void(0)" id="lesswhatsinsidelink" onClick="javascript:$('#morewhatsinside').hide();$('#morewhatsinsidelink').show();$('#lesswhatsinsidelink').hide();">Less</a></div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div> </p><p style="text-align:justify"><br />The Annual Status of Education Report, <a name="aser-2016-released-in-january-2017">ASER 2016 (released in January, 2017)</a>, covers 589 rural districts. The survey was carried out in 17,473 villages, covering 350,232 households and 562,305 children in the age group 3-16 years. <br /><br />The key findings of the 11th ASER (i.e. 2016 ASER) are as follows (please <a href="https://im4change.in/siteadmin/tinymce/uploaded/aser%202016.pdf" title="ASER 2016" title="https://im4change.in/siteadmin/tinymce/uploaded/aser%202016.pdf" title="ASER 2016">click here</a> to access):<br /><br /><strong><em>At the national level, enrollment increased for all age groups between 2014 and 2016. </em></strong><br /><br /><span style="font-family:arial,helvetica,sans-serif; font-size:medium"><span style="font-family:arial,helvetica,sans-serif; font-size:medium"><span style="font-family:arial,helvetica,sans-serif; font-size:medium"><span style="font-family:arial,helvetica,sans-serif; font-size:medium">• </span></span></span></span>Enrollment for the age group 6-14 has been 96 percent or above since 2009. This proportion increased from 96.7 percent in 2014 to 96.9 percent in 2016.<br /><br /><span style="font-family:arial,helvetica,sans-serif; font-size:medium"><span style="font-family:arial,helvetica,sans-serif; font-size:medium"><span style="font-family:arial,helvetica,sans-serif; font-size:medium"><span style="font-family:arial,helvetica,sans-serif; font-size:medium">• </span></span></span></span>Enrollment for the age group 15-16 has also improved for both boys and girls, rising from 83.4 percent in 2014 to 84.7 percent in 2016.<br /><br /><span style="font-family:arial,helvetica,sans-serif; font-size:medium"><span style="font-family:arial,helvetica,sans-serif; font-size:medium"><span style="font-family:arial,helvetica,sans-serif; font-size:medium"><span style="font-family:arial,helvetica,sans-serif; font-size:medium">• </span></span></span></span>However, in some states, the fraction of out of school children (age 6-14) has increased between 2014 and 2016. These include Madhya Pradesh (from 3.4 percent to 4.4 percent), Chhattisgarh (from 2 percent to 2.8 percent), and Uttar Pradesh (from 4.9 percent to 5.3 percent).<br /><br /><span style="font-family:arial,helvetica,sans-serif; font-size:medium"><span style="font-family:arial,helvetica,sans-serif; font-size:medium"><span style="font-family:arial,helvetica,sans-serif; font-size:medium"><span style="font-family:arial,helvetica,sans-serif; font-size:medium">• </span></span></span></span>In some states the proportion of girls (age group 11-14 years) out of school remains greater than 8 percent. These states are Rajasthan (9.7 percent) and Uttar Pradesh (9.9 percent). Joining them in 2016 is Madhya Pradesh (8.5 percent).<br /><br /><strong><em>No increase in private school enrollment between 2014 and 2016. </em></strong><br /><br /><span style="font-family:arial,helvetica,sans-serif; font-size:medium"><span style="font-family:arial,helvetica,sans-serif; font-size:medium"><span style="font-family:arial,helvetica,sans-serif; font-size:medium"><span style="font-family:arial,helvetica,sans-serif; font-size:medium">• </span></span></span></span>At the all India level, the proportion of children (age 6-14 years) enrolled in private schools is almost unchanged at 30.5 percent in 2016, as compared to 30.8 percent in 2014.<br /><br /><span style="font-family:arial,helvetica,sans-serif; font-size:medium"><span style="font-family:arial,helvetica,sans-serif; font-size:medium"><span style="font-family:arial,helvetica,sans-serif; font-size:medium"><span style="font-family:arial,helvetica,sans-serif; font-size:medium">• </span></span></span></span>The gender gap in private school enrollment has decreased slightly in both the 7-10 and the 11-14 age group. In 2014, among children age 11-14, the gap between boys' and girls' enrollment in private school was 7.6 percentage points. In 2016, this gap had decreased to 6.9 percentage points.<br /><br /><span style="font-family:arial,helvetica,sans-serif; font-size:medium"><span style="font-family:arial,helvetica,sans-serif; font-size:medium"><span style="font-family:arial,helvetica,sans-serif; font-size:medium"><span style="font-family:arial,helvetica,sans-serif; font-size:medium">• </span></span></span></span>Two states show significant increases in government school enrollment relative to 2014 levels. In Kerala, the proportion of children (age 11-14) enrolled in government school increased from 40.6 percent in 2014 to 49.9 percent in 2016. In Gujarat, this proportion increased from 79.2 percent in 2014 to 86 percent in 2016.<br /><br /><span style="font-family:arial,helvetica,sans-serif; font-size:medium"><span style="font-family:arial,helvetica,sans-serif; font-size:medium"><span style="font-family:arial,helvetica,sans-serif; font-size:medium">• </span></span></span>Three states show substantial increases since 2014 in private school enrollment among children in the elementary school age group (age 6-14): Uttarakhand (from 37.5 percent to 41.6 percent), Arunachal Pradesh (from 24.4 percent to 29.5 percent), and Assam (from 17.3 percent to 22 percent).<br /><br /><strong><em>Nationally, reading ability has improved especially in early grades in government schools. </em></strong><br /><br /><span style="font-family:arial,helvetica,sans-serif; font-size:medium"><span style="font-family:arial,helvetica,sans-serif; font-size:medium">• </span></span>Nationally, the proportion of children in Std III who are able to read at least Std I level text has gone up slightly, from 40.2 percent in 2014 to 42.5 percent in 2016. This proportion shows substantial increases among children in government schools in many states: Punjab, Uttarakhand, Haryana, Chhattisgarh, Gujarat, Maharashtra and Telangana. All these states show an improvement of more than 7 percentage points since 2014.<br /><br /><span style="font-family:arial,helvetica,sans-serif; font-size:medium"><span style="font-family:arial,helvetica,sans-serif; font-size:medium">• </span></span>Overall reading levels in Std V are almost the same year on year from 2011 to 2016. However, the proportion of children in Std V who could read a Std II level text improved by more than 5 percentage points from 2014 to 2016 in Gujarat, Maharashtra, Tripura, Nagaland and Rajasthan. This improvement is driven by gains in learning levels in government schools in these states.<br /><br /><span style="font-family:arial,helvetica,sans-serif; font-size:medium"><span style="font-family:arial,helvetica,sans-serif; font-size:medium">• </span></span>Nationally, reading levels in Std VIII show a slight decline since 2014 (from 74.7 percent to 73.1 percent). Then and now, three out of every four children enrolled in Std VIII can read at least Std II level (the highest level assessed in the ASER survey). The state-wise picture for Std VIII reading levels does not show much improvement except for government schools in Manipur, Rajasthan, Maharashtra and Tamil Nadu.<br /><br /><strong><em>Arithmetic shows improvement in government schools in primary grades. </em></strong><br /><br /><span style="font-family:arial,helvetica,sans-serif; font-size:medium"><span style="font-family:arial,helvetica,sans-serif; font-size:medium">• </span></span>Although low, the all India (rural) figures for basic arithmetic have improved slightly for Std III in 2016 as compared to 2014. This is the first year since 2010, that there is an upward trend in arithmetic figures.<br /><br /><span style="font-family:arial,helvetica,sans-serif; font-size:medium"><span style="font-family:arial,helvetica,sans-serif; font-size:medium">• </span></span>In 2014, for the country 25.4 percent of Std III children could do a 2-digit subtraction. This number has risen slightly to 27.7 percent in 2016. This improvement has come primarily from government schools where the percentage of Std III children who could do a 2-digit subtraction increased from 17.2 percent in 2014 to 20.2 percent in 2016.<br /><br /><span style="font-family:arial,helvetica,sans-serif; font-size:medium"><span style="font-family:arial,helvetica,sans-serif; font-size:medium">• </span></span>In almost all states there is some improvement in the arithmetic levels of children enrolled in government schools in Std III. States with an increase of 5 percentage points or more since 2014 include Himachal Pradesh, Uttarakhand, Gujarat, Andhra Pradesh, Telangana, Odisha and Chhattisgarh.<br /><br /><span style="font-family:arial,helvetica,sans-serif; font-size:medium">• </span>From 2014 to 2016, for Std V children, the level of arithmetic as measured by children's ability to do simple division problems has remained almost the same at 26 percent. Only five major states show an improvement of more than 5 percentage points. These are Himachal Pradesh, Madhya Pradesh, Odisha, Chhattisgarh and Uttarakhand.<br /><br /><span style="font-family:arial,helvetica,sans-serif; font-size:medium">• </span>However, the ability to do division among Std VIII students has continued to drop. This declining trend has been observed since 2010. The proportion of Std VIII students who could correctly do a 3-digit by 1-digit division problem was 68.4 percent in 2010. This number dropped to 44.2 percent in 2014, and has further declined to 43.3 percent in 2016. Only children in Manipur, Karnataka and Telangana show an increase of 5 percentage points or more.<br /><br /><strong><em>Ability to read English is unchanged for lower primary grades.</em></strong><br /> <br />Assessments of basic English have been carried out in 2007, 2009, 2012, 2014 and 2016.<br /><br /><span style="font-family:arial,helvetica,sans-serif; font-size:medium">• </span>Children's ability to read English is slightly improved in Std III but relatively unchanged in Std V. In 2016, 32 percent children in Std III could read simple words in English as compared to 28.5 percent in 2009.<br /><br /><span style="font-family:arial,helvetica,sans-serif; font-size:medium">• </span>In comparison, in 2016, 24.5 percent of children enrolled in Std V could read simple English sentences. This number is virtually unchanged since 2009. However, a few states show improvements since 2014 for government school children enrolled in Std V. These states are Himachal Pradesh, Uttarakhand, Haryana, Maharashtra and Kerala (all with improvements of 5 percentage points or more). In nine states, the levels of English reading of private schools has also improved. These are Himachal Pradesh, Punjab, Assam, Jharkhand, Chhattisgarh, Madhya Pradesh, Tamil Nadu, Andhra Pradesh and Telangana.<br /><br /><span style="font-family:arial,helvetica,sans-serif; font-size:medium">• </span>However, the decline in upper primary grades continues. For example, in 2009, 60.2 percent of children in Std VIII could read simple sentences in English; in 2014, this figure was 46.7 percent and in 2016 this ability has further declined to 45.2 percent.<br /><br /><span style="font-family:arial,helvetica,sans-serif; font-size:medium">• </span>In 2016, of those who can read words (regardless of grade), roughly 60 percent could explain the meanings of the words read. Of those who can read sentences, 62.4 percent in Std V could explain the meaning of the sentences. Both these levels are virtually unchanged since 2014.<br /><br /><strong><em>School observations </em></strong><br /><br />As part of the ASER survey, one government school with primary sections is visited in each sampled village.<br /><br />ASER 2016 visited 15,630 government schools with primary sections. Of these 9,644 were primary schools and 5,986 were upper primary schools which also had primary sections.<br /><br /><em><strong>Children's attendance shows no major change from 2014. </strong></em><br /><br /><span style="font-family:arial,helvetica,sans-serif; font-size:medium">• </span>In 2016, ASER data indicates that 71.4 percent of enrolled children in primary schools and 73.2 percent of enrolled children in upper primary schools were present on the day of the visit. In 2014, these figures were 71.3 percent in primary schools and 71.1 percent in upper primary schools.<br /><br /><span style="font-family:arial,helvetica,sans-serif; font-size:medium">• </span>As in previous years, children's attendance varies considerably across the country. States like Himachal Pradesh, Punjab, Uttarakhand, Haryana, Nagaland, Mizoram, Gujarat, Maharashtra, Karnataka, Andhra Pradesh, Kerala and Tamil Nadu have attendance levels that are above 80 percent. But in states like Uttar Pradesh, Bihar, Manipur, West Bengal, and Madhya Pradesh, attendance rates range from 50 to 60 percent.<br /><br /><span style="font-family:arial,helvetica,sans-serif; font-size:medium">• </span>Trends over time show that children's attendance in both primary and upper primary schools was higher in 2009 as compared to 2016. In 2009, attendance was at 74.3 percent in primary schools. The figure for 2016 is 71.4 percent. Similar data for upper primary schools shows a decline from 77 percent in 2009 to 73.2 percent in 2016.<br /><br /><strong><em>The proportion of "small schools" in the government primary school sector continues to grow. The percentage of multigrade classrooms has also increased. </em></strong><br /><br /><span style="font-family:arial,helvetica,sans-serif; font-size:medium">• </span>Of the government primary schools visited in 2016, close to 40 percent are "small schools" with a total enrollment of 60 children or less. 8.9 percent of the upper primary schools visited had a total enrollment of 60 children or less.<br /><br /><span style="font-family:arial,helvetica,sans-serif; font-size:medium">• </span>In 2009, the percentage of government primary schools visited that were "small" was 26.1 percent. The corresponding number for upper primary schools was 4.5 percent.<br /><br /><span style="font-family:arial,helvetica,sans-serif; font-size:medium">• </span>ASER also notes the proportion of children enrolled in Std II and Std IV who are sitting with other grades. This proportion has been going up over time. In primary schools, in 2010, 55.2 percent of Std II classes sat with other grades. This figure has gone up to 63.7 percent in 2016. Similar trends are also visible for Std IV. The proportion of classes in which Std IV children are sitting with other grades increased from 49 percent in 2010 to 58 percent in 2016.<br /><br /><em><strong>For the most part, improvement in school facilities continues. </strong></em><br /><br /><span style="font-family:arial,helvetica,sans-serif; font-size:medium">• </span>ASER records whether toilets are available and useable on the day of the visit. Since 2010, there has been significant progress in the availability of useable toilets. Nationally in 2016, 68.7 percent of schools visited had toilet facilities that were useable as compared 47.2 percent in 2010. In 2016, only 3.5 percent of the schools visited had no toilet facility.<br /><br /><span style="font-family:arial,helvetica,sans-serif; font-size:medium">• </span>The proportion of schools visited where girls' toilets were available and useable has gone up from 32.9 percent in 2010 to 55.7 percent in 2014 to 61.9 percent in 2016. In four states, 80 percent or more schools visited had useable girls'toilets. These states are Gujarat, Rajasthan, Himachal Pradesh and Haryana.<br /><br /><span style="font-family:arial,helvetica,sans-serif; font-size:medium">• </span>Drinking water was available in 74.1 percent of the schools that were visited in 2016, down from 75.6 percent in 2014. In 2010, this figure was 72.7 percent. In four states (Bihar, Chhattisgarh, Gujarat and Himachal Pradesh), drinking water was available in 85 percent or more of schools.<br /><br /><span style="font-family:arial,helvetica,sans-serif; font-size:medium">• </span>There has been no change in the availability of computers in schools since 2014. The 2016 figure is 20 percent as compared to 19.6 percent in 2014. However, some states stand out in terms of high provision of computers. In Kerala, 89 percent of schools visited had computers; this number was 75.2 percent in Gujarat, 55.1 percent in Maharashtra and 57.3 percent in Tamil Nadu.<br /><br /><span style="font-family:arial,helvetica,sans-serif; font-size:medium">• </span>The proportion of schools with libraries has fallen from 78.1 percent in 2014 to 75.5 percent in 2016. However, children were seen using library books in more schools in 2016. In 42.6 percent of schools that were visited, children were seen using library books as compared to 40.7 percent in 2014.<br /><br /> <br> <div align="center" class="pagination"> <span><a href="https://im4change.in/hunger-hdi/education-50.html?pgno=14" class="articlepagination">« previous</a></span><span><a href="https://im4change.in/hunger-hdi/education-50.html?pgno=1" class="articlepagination">1</a></span><span><a href="https://im4change.in/hunger-hdi/education-50.html?pgno=2" class="articlepagination">2</a></span><span><a href="https://im4change.in/hunger-hdi/education-50.html?pgno=3" class="articlepagination">3</a></span><span><a href="https://im4change.in/hunger-hdi/education-50.html?pgno=4" class="articlepagination">4</a></span><span><a href="https://im4change.in/hunger-hdi/education-50.html?pgno=5" class="articlepagination">5</a></span><span><a href="https://im4change.in/hunger-hdi/education-50.html?pgno=6" class="articlepagination">6</a></span><span><a href="https://im4change.in/hunger-hdi/education-50.html?pgno=7" class="articlepagination">7</a></span><span><a href="https://im4change.in/hunger-hdi/education-50.html?pgno=8" class="articlepagination">8</a></span><span><a href="https://im4change.in/hunger-hdi/education-50.html?pgno=9" class="articlepagination">9</a></span><span><a href="https://im4change.in/hunger-hdi/education-50.html?pgno=10" class="articlepagination">10</a></span><span><a href="https://im4change.in/hunger-hdi/education-50.html?pgno=11" class="articlepagination">11</a></span><span><a href="https://im4change.in/hunger-hdi/education-50.html?pgno=12" class="articlepagination">12</a></span><span><a href="https://im4change.in/hunger-hdi/education-50.html?pgno=13" class="articlepagination">13</a></span><span><a href="https://im4change.in/hunger-hdi/education-50.html?pgno=14" class="articlepagination">14</a></span><span class="current">15</span><span><a href="https://im4change.in/hunger-hdi/education-50.html?pgno=16" class="articlepagination">16</a></span><span><a href="https://im4change.in/hunger-hdi/education-50.html?pgno=17" class="articlepagination">17</a></span><span><a href="https://im4change.in/hunger-hdi/education-50.html?pgno=18" class="articlepagination">18</a></span><span><a href="https://im4change.in/hunger-hdi/education-50.html?pgno=19" class="articlepagination">19</a></span><span><a href="https://im4change.in/hunger-hdi/education-50.html?pgno=20" class="articlepagination">20</a></span><span><a href="https://im4change.in/hunger-hdi/education-50.html?pgno=21" class="articlepagination">21</a></span><span><a href="https://im4change.in/hunger-hdi/education-50.html?pgno=22" class="articlepagination">22</a></span><span><a href="https://im4change.in/hunger-hdi/education-50.html?pgno=23" class="articlepagination">23</a></span><span><a href="https://im4change.in/hunger-hdi/education-50.html?pgno=24" class="articlepagination">24</a></span><span><a href="https://im4change.in/hunger-hdi/education-50.html?pgno=25" class="articlepagination">25</a></span><span><a href="https://im4change.in/hunger-hdi/education-50.html?pgno=26" class="articlepagination">26</a></span><span><a href="https://im4change.in/hunger-hdi/education-50.html?pgno=27" class="articlepagination">27</a></span><span><a href="https://im4change.in/hunger-hdi/education-50.html?pgno=28" class="articlepagination">28</a></span><span><a href="https://im4change.in/hunger-hdi/education-50.html?pgno=16" class="articlepagination">next »</a></span> </div> </div> </td> </tr> </table> </div> </div> </div> <div class="clear"></div> <br><a href='/experts.php' class='re'>Rural Expert</a><div class="clear"></div> <div class="clear"></div> <div class="comment-respond" id="respond"> <a name="commentbox"> </a> <h3 class="comment-reply-title" id="reply-title">Write Comments</h3> <form method="post" accept-charset="utf-8" role="form" action="/hunger-hdi/education-50.html?pgno=15"><div style="display:none;"><input type="hidden" name="_method" value="POST"/></div> <form class="comment-form" id="commentform" method="post" action="#commentbox" onSubmit="return validate()" name="cmtform"> <input type="hidden" name="cmttype" value="articlecmt"/> <input type="hidden" name="article_id" value="20"/> <p class="comment-notes">Your email address will not be published. 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href="https://im4change.in/hunger-hdi/education-50/print" rel="nofollow"> <img src="https://im4change.in/images/icon-print.png?1582080630" border="0" width="24" align="right" alt="Share this article"/> </a> </section> <div class="clear"></div> <div style="padding-top: 10px;"> <div class="innerLineHeight"> <div class="middleContent innerInput hunger-hdi"> <table> <tr> <td> <div class="rightSideContent" style="float: right; width: 300px; margin-left: 10px;"> <div class="box warning" style="padding: 12px;"> <div class="box-inner-block" style="padding-left: 0px;"> <div class="starlist"> <h2 style="font-weight: bold; font-size: 13px;">What's Inside</h2> <ul class="whatsinside"> <li> <a href="https://im4change.in/hunger-hdi/education-50.html?pgno=2#gloom-in-the-classroom-the-schooling-crisis-in-jharkhand-prepared-by-gyan-vigyan-samiti-jharkhand-released-in-december-2022">Gloom in the Classroom: The Schooling Crisis in Jharkhand, prepared by Gyan Vigyan Samiti Jharkhand, released in December 2022</a> </li> <li> <a href="https://im4change.in/hunger-hdi/education-50.html?pgno=3#cries-of-anguish-released-in-march-2022">Cries of Anguish (released in March 2022)</a> </li> <li> <a href="https://im4change.in/hunger-hdi/education-50.html?pgno=3#india-needs-to-learn-a-case-for-keeping-schools-open-released-in-january-2022">India Needs To Learn -- A Case for Keeping Schools Open (released in January 2022)</a> </li> <li> <a href="https://im4change.in/hunger-hdi/education-50.html?pgno=4#state-of-foundational-literacy-and-numeracy-in-india-released-on-16th-december-2021">State of Foundational Literacy and Numeracy in India (released on 16th December, 2021)</a> </li> <li> <a href="https://im4change.in/hunger-hdi/education-50.html?pgno=5#sixteenth-annual-status-of-education-report-rural-2021-released-on-17th-november-2021">Sixteenth Annual Status of Education Report (Rural) 2021 (released on 17th November, 2021)</a> </li> <li> <a href="https://im4change.in/hunger-hdi/education-50.html?pgno=6#a-future-at-stake-ndash-guidelines-and-principles-to-resume-and-renew-education-released-on-2nd-november-2021">A Future at Stake – Guidelines and Principles to Resume and Renew Education (released on 2nd November, 2021)</a> </li> <li> <a href="https://im4change.in/hunger-hdi/education-50.html?pgno=6#2021-state-of-the-education-report-for-india-no-teacher-no-class-released-in-october-2021">2021 State of the Education Report for India: No Teacher, No Class (released in October, 2021)</a> </li> <li> <a href="https://im4change.in/hunger-hdi/education-50.html?pgno=7#locked-out-emergency-report-on-school-education-released-on-6th-september-2021">Locked Out: Emergency Report on School Education (released on 6th September, 2021)</a> </li> <li> <a href="https://im4change.in/hunger-hdi/education-50.html?pgno=7#rapid-assessment-of-learning-during-school-closures-in-the-context-of-covid-19-released-in-may-2021">Rapid assessment of learning during school closures in the context of COVID-19 (released in May, 2021)</a> </li> <li> <a href="https://im4change.in/hunger-hdi/education-50.html?pgno=8#performance-grading-index-pgi-2019-20-for-states-and-union-territories-released-in-june-2021">Performance Grading Index (PGI) 2019-20 for States and Union Territories (released in June, 2021)</a> </li> </ul> <div><a href="javascript:void(0)" id="morewhatsinsidelink" onClick="javascript:$('#morewhatsinside').show();$('#morewhatsinsidelink').hide();$('#lesswhatsinsidelink').show();">More</a></div> <ul class="whatsinside" id="morewhatsinside" style="display:none"> <li> <a href="https://im4change.in/hunger-hdi/education-50.html?pgno=9#covid-19-and-school-closures-one-year-of-education-disruption-released-in-march-2021">COVID-19 and School Closures: One Year of Education Disruption (released in March, 2021)</a> </li> <li> <a href="https://im4change.in/hunger-hdi/education-50.html?pgno=10#aser-2020-wave-1-for-rural-areas-released-in-october-2020">ASER 2020 Wave-1 for rural areas (released in October, 2020)</a> </li> <li> <a href="https://im4change.in/hunger-hdi/education-50.html?pgno=11#broken-slates-and-blank-screens-education-under-lockdown-released-in-september-2020">Broken Slates and Blank Screens: Education Under Lockdown (released in September 2020)</a> </li> <li> <a href="https://im4change.in/hunger-hdi/education-50.html?pgno=11#parliamentary-standing-committee-report-on-demands-for-grants-2020-21-demand-no-58-of-the-department-of-school-education-literacy-presented-to-the-rajya-sabha-on-5th-march-2020">Parliamentary Standing Committee report on Demands for Grants 2020-21 (Demand No. 58) of the Department of School Education & Literacy (presented to the Rajya Sabha on 5th March, 2020)</a> </li> <li> <a href="https://im4change.in/hunger-hdi/education-50.html?pgno=12#spanaser-2019-39early-years39-released-in-january-2020">ASER 2019 'Early Years' (released in January 2020)</a> </li> <li> <a href="https://im4change.in/hunger-hdi/education-50.html?pgno=13#draft-national-education-policy-2019">Draft National Education Policy 2019</a> </li> <li> <a href="https://im4change.in/hunger-hdi/education-50.html?pgno=13#nss-75th-round-report-key-indicators-of-household-social-consumption-on-education-in-india-july-2017-to-june-2018-released-on-23rd-november-2019">NSS 75th Round Report: Key Indicators of Household Social Consumption on Education in India, July 2017 to June 2018 (released on 23rd November 2019)</a> </li> <li> <a href="https://im4change.in/hunger-hdi/education-50.html?pgno=13#annual-status-of-education-report-aser-2018">Annual Status of Education Report (ASER) 2018</a> </li> <li> <a href="https://im4change.in/hunger-hdi/education-50.html?pgno=14#aser-2017-beyond-basics-released-in-january-2018">ASER 2017: Beyond Basics (released in January, 2018)</a> </li> <li> <a href="https://im4change.in/hunger-hdi/education-50.html?pgno=15#aser-2016-released-in-january-2017">ASER 2016 (released in January, 2017)</a> </li> <li> <a href="https://im4change.in/hunger-hdi/education-50.html?pgno=16#71st-round-nss-report-key-indicators-of-social-consumption-in-india-education-published-in-june-2015">71st round NSS report: Key Indicators of Social Consumption in India Education (published in June 2015)</a> </li> <li> <a href="https://im4change.in/hunger-hdi/education-50.html?pgno=17#annual-status-of-education-report-2014-released-in-january-2015">Annual Status of Education Report 2014 (released in January 2015)</a> </li> <li> <a href="https://im4change.in/hunger-hdi/education-50.html?pgno=18#11th-unesco-education-for-all-global-monitoring-report-2013-14">11th UNESCO Education for All Global Monitoring Report 2013-14</a> </li> <li> <a href="https://im4change.in/hunger-hdi/education-50.html?pgno=19#aser-2013-report">ASER 2013 report</a> </li> <li> <a href="https://im4change.in/hunger-hdi/education-50.html?pgno=20#nss-report-no-551-66106-titled-status-of-education-and-vocational-training-in-india-66th-round">NSS report no. 551 (66/10/6) titled Status of Education and Vocational Training in India (66th Round)</a> </li> <li> <a href="https://im4change.in/hunger-hdi/education-50.html?pgno=21#annual-status-of-education-report-2012">Annual Status of Education Report 2012</a> </li> <li> <a href="https://im4change.in/hunger-hdi/education-50.html?pgno=22#children-in-india-2012-a-statistical-appraisal">Children in India 2012-A Statistical Appraisal</a> </li> <li> <a href="https://im4change.in/hunger-hdi/education-50.html?pgno=23#annual-status-of-education-report-aser-2011">Annual Status of Education Report (ASER) 2011</a> </li> <li> <a href="https://im4change.in/hunger-hdi/education-50.html?pgno=24#global-education-digest-2011-comparing-education-statistics-across-the-world">Global Education Digest 2011-Comparing Education Statistics Across the World</a> </li> <li> <a href="https://im4change.in/hunger-hdi/education-50.html?pgno=24#annual-status-of-education-report-aser-2010">Annual Status of Education Report (ASER) 2010</a> </li> <li> <a href="https://im4change.in/hunger-hdi/education-50.html?pgno=25#annual-status-of-education-report-2009">Annual Status of Education Report 2009</a> </li> <li> <a href="https://im4change.in/hunger-hdi/education-50.html?pgno=26#education-in-india-2007-08">Education in India: 2007-08</a> </li> <li> <a href="https://im4change.in/hunger-hdi/education-50.html?pgno=27#education-for-all-report-2010">Education for All Report 2010</a> </li> <li> <a href="https://im4change.in/hunger-hdi/education-50.html?pgno=27#secondary-education-in-india-universalizing-opportunity-2009">Secondary Education in India: Universalizing Opportunity (2009)</a> </li> <li> <a href="https://im4change.in/hunger-hdi/education-50.html?pgno=27#annual-status-of-education-report-2008-rural">Annual Status of Education Report 2008 (Rural)</a> </li> <li> <a href="https://im4change.in/hunger-hdi/education-50.html?pgno=27#literacy-and-levels-of-education-in-india-1999-2000-of-the-55th-round-nss">Literacy and Levels of Education in India 1999-2000 of the 55th Round NSS</a> </li> </ul> <div><a style="display:none" href="javascript:void(0)" id="lesswhatsinsidelink" onClick="javascript:$('#morewhatsinside').hide();$('#morewhatsinsidelink').show();$('#lesswhatsinsidelink').hide();">Less</a></div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div> </p><p style="text-align:justify"><br />The Annual Status of Education Report, <a name="aser-2016-released-in-january-2017">ASER 2016 (released in January, 2017)</a>, covers 589 rural districts. The survey was carried out in 17,473 villages, covering 350,232 households and 562,305 children in the age group 3-16 years. <br /><br />The key findings of the 11th ASER (i.e. 2016 ASER) are as follows (please <a href="https://im4change.in/siteadmin/tinymce/uploaded/aser%202016.pdf" title="ASER 2016" title="https://im4change.in/siteadmin/tinymce/uploaded/aser%202016.pdf" title="ASER 2016">click here</a> to access):<br /><br /><strong><em>At the national level, enrollment increased for all age groups between 2014 and 2016. </em></strong><br /><br /><span style="font-family:arial,helvetica,sans-serif; font-size:medium"><span style="font-family:arial,helvetica,sans-serif; font-size:medium"><span style="font-family:arial,helvetica,sans-serif; font-size:medium"><span style="font-family:arial,helvetica,sans-serif; font-size:medium">• </span></span></span></span>Enrollment for the age group 6-14 has been 96 percent or above since 2009. This proportion increased from 96.7 percent in 2014 to 96.9 percent in 2016.<br /><br /><span style="font-family:arial,helvetica,sans-serif; font-size:medium"><span style="font-family:arial,helvetica,sans-serif; font-size:medium"><span style="font-family:arial,helvetica,sans-serif; font-size:medium"><span style="font-family:arial,helvetica,sans-serif; font-size:medium">• </span></span></span></span>Enrollment for the age group 15-16 has also improved for both boys and girls, rising from 83.4 percent in 2014 to 84.7 percent in 2016.<br /><br /><span style="font-family:arial,helvetica,sans-serif; font-size:medium"><span style="font-family:arial,helvetica,sans-serif; font-size:medium"><span style="font-family:arial,helvetica,sans-serif; font-size:medium"><span style="font-family:arial,helvetica,sans-serif; font-size:medium">• </span></span></span></span>However, in some states, the fraction of out of school children (age 6-14) has increased between 2014 and 2016. These include Madhya Pradesh (from 3.4 percent to 4.4 percent), Chhattisgarh (from 2 percent to 2.8 percent), and Uttar Pradesh (from 4.9 percent to 5.3 percent).<br /><br /><span style="font-family:arial,helvetica,sans-serif; font-size:medium"><span style="font-family:arial,helvetica,sans-serif; font-size:medium"><span style="font-family:arial,helvetica,sans-serif; font-size:medium"><span style="font-family:arial,helvetica,sans-serif; font-size:medium">• </span></span></span></span>In some states the proportion of girls (age group 11-14 years) out of school remains greater than 8 percent. These states are Rajasthan (9.7 percent) and Uttar Pradesh (9.9 percent). Joining them in 2016 is Madhya Pradesh (8.5 percent).<br /><br /><strong><em>No increase in private school enrollment between 2014 and 2016. </em></strong><br /><br /><span style="font-family:arial,helvetica,sans-serif; font-size:medium"><span style="font-family:arial,helvetica,sans-serif; font-size:medium"><span style="font-family:arial,helvetica,sans-serif; font-size:medium"><span style="font-family:arial,helvetica,sans-serif; font-size:medium">• </span></span></span></span>At the all India level, the proportion of children (age 6-14 years) enrolled in private schools is almost unchanged at 30.5 percent in 2016, as compared to 30.8 percent in 2014.<br /><br /><span style="font-family:arial,helvetica,sans-serif; font-size:medium"><span style="font-family:arial,helvetica,sans-serif; font-size:medium"><span style="font-family:arial,helvetica,sans-serif; font-size:medium"><span style="font-family:arial,helvetica,sans-serif; font-size:medium">• </span></span></span></span>The gender gap in private school enrollment has decreased slightly in both the 7-10 and the 11-14 age group. In 2014, among children age 11-14, the gap between boys' and girls' enrollment in private school was 7.6 percentage points. In 2016, this gap had decreased to 6.9 percentage points.<br /><br /><span style="font-family:arial,helvetica,sans-serif; font-size:medium"><span style="font-family:arial,helvetica,sans-serif; font-size:medium"><span style="font-family:arial,helvetica,sans-serif; font-size:medium"><span style="font-family:arial,helvetica,sans-serif; font-size:medium">• </span></span></span></span>Two states show significant increases in government school enrollment relative to 2014 levels. In Kerala, the proportion of children (age 11-14) enrolled in government school increased from 40.6 percent in 2014 to 49.9 percent in 2016. In Gujarat, this proportion increased from 79.2 percent in 2014 to 86 percent in 2016.<br /><br /><span style="font-family:arial,helvetica,sans-serif; font-size:medium"><span style="font-family:arial,helvetica,sans-serif; font-size:medium"><span style="font-family:arial,helvetica,sans-serif; font-size:medium">• </span></span></span>Three states show substantial increases since 2014 in private school enrollment among children in the elementary school age group (age 6-14): Uttarakhand (from 37.5 percent to 41.6 percent), Arunachal Pradesh (from 24.4 percent to 29.5 percent), and Assam (from 17.3 percent to 22 percent).<br /><br /><strong><em>Nationally, reading ability has improved especially in early grades in government schools. </em></strong><br /><br /><span style="font-family:arial,helvetica,sans-serif; font-size:medium"><span style="font-family:arial,helvetica,sans-serif; font-size:medium">• </span></span>Nationally, the proportion of children in Std III who are able to read at least Std I level text has gone up slightly, from 40.2 percent in 2014 to 42.5 percent in 2016. This proportion shows substantial increases among children in government schools in many states: Punjab, Uttarakhand, Haryana, Chhattisgarh, Gujarat, Maharashtra and Telangana. All these states show an improvement of more than 7 percentage points since 2014.<br /><br /><span style="font-family:arial,helvetica,sans-serif; font-size:medium"><span style="font-family:arial,helvetica,sans-serif; font-size:medium">• </span></span>Overall reading levels in Std V are almost the same year on year from 2011 to 2016. However, the proportion of children in Std V who could read a Std II level text improved by more than 5 percentage points from 2014 to 2016 in Gujarat, Maharashtra, Tripura, Nagaland and Rajasthan. This improvement is driven by gains in learning levels in government schools in these states.<br /><br /><span style="font-family:arial,helvetica,sans-serif; font-size:medium"><span style="font-family:arial,helvetica,sans-serif; font-size:medium">• </span></span>Nationally, reading levels in Std VIII show a slight decline since 2014 (from 74.7 percent to 73.1 percent). Then and now, three out of every four children enrolled in Std VIII can read at least Std II level (the highest level assessed in the ASER survey). The state-wise picture for Std VIII reading levels does not show much improvement except for government schools in Manipur, Rajasthan, Maharashtra and Tamil Nadu.<br /><br /><strong><em>Arithmetic shows improvement in government schools in primary grades. </em></strong><br /><br /><span style="font-family:arial,helvetica,sans-serif; font-size:medium"><span style="font-family:arial,helvetica,sans-serif; font-size:medium">• </span></span>Although low, the all India (rural) figures for basic arithmetic have improved slightly for Std III in 2016 as compared to 2014. This is the first year since 2010, that there is an upward trend in arithmetic figures.<br /><br /><span style="font-family:arial,helvetica,sans-serif; font-size:medium"><span style="font-family:arial,helvetica,sans-serif; font-size:medium">• </span></span>In 2014, for the country 25.4 percent of Std III children could do a 2-digit subtraction. This number has risen slightly to 27.7 percent in 2016. This improvement has come primarily from government schools where the percentage of Std III children who could do a 2-digit subtraction increased from 17.2 percent in 2014 to 20.2 percent in 2016.<br /><br /><span style="font-family:arial,helvetica,sans-serif; font-size:medium"><span style="font-family:arial,helvetica,sans-serif; font-size:medium">• </span></span>In almost all states there is some improvement in the arithmetic levels of children enrolled in government schools in Std III. States with an increase of 5 percentage points or more since 2014 include Himachal Pradesh, Uttarakhand, Gujarat, Andhra Pradesh, Telangana, Odisha and Chhattisgarh.<br /><br /><span style="font-family:arial,helvetica,sans-serif; font-size:medium">• </span>From 2014 to 2016, for Std V children, the level of arithmetic as measured by children's ability to do simple division problems has remained almost the same at 26 percent. Only five major states show an improvement of more than 5 percentage points. These are Himachal Pradesh, Madhya Pradesh, Odisha, Chhattisgarh and Uttarakhand.<br /><br /><span style="font-family:arial,helvetica,sans-serif; font-size:medium">• </span>However, the ability to do division among Std VIII students has continued to drop. This declining trend has been observed since 2010. The proportion of Std VIII students who could correctly do a 3-digit by 1-digit division problem was 68.4 percent in 2010. This number dropped to 44.2 percent in 2014, and has further declined to 43.3 percent in 2016. Only children in Manipur, Karnataka and Telangana show an increase of 5 percentage points or more.<br /><br /><strong><em>Ability to read English is unchanged for lower primary grades.</em></strong><br /> <br />Assessments of basic English have been carried out in 2007, 2009, 2012, 2014 and 2016.<br /><br /><span style="font-family:arial,helvetica,sans-serif; font-size:medium">• </span>Children's ability to read English is slightly improved in Std III but relatively unchanged in Std V. In 2016, 32 percent children in Std III could read simple words in English as compared to 28.5 percent in 2009.<br /><br /><span style="font-family:arial,helvetica,sans-serif; font-size:medium">• </span>In comparison, in 2016, 24.5 percent of children enrolled in Std V could read simple English sentences. This number is virtually unchanged since 2009. However, a few states show improvements since 2014 for government school children enrolled in Std V. These states are Himachal Pradesh, Uttarakhand, Haryana, Maharashtra and Kerala (all with improvements of 5 percentage points or more). In nine states, the levels of English reading of private schools has also improved. These are Himachal Pradesh, Punjab, Assam, Jharkhand, Chhattisgarh, Madhya Pradesh, Tamil Nadu, Andhra Pradesh and Telangana.<br /><br /><span style="font-family:arial,helvetica,sans-serif; font-size:medium">• </span>However, the decline in upper primary grades continues. For example, in 2009, 60.2 percent of children in Std VIII could read simple sentences in English; in 2014, this figure was 46.7 percent and in 2016 this ability has further declined to 45.2 percent.<br /><br /><span style="font-family:arial,helvetica,sans-serif; font-size:medium">• </span>In 2016, of those who can read words (regardless of grade), roughly 60 percent could explain the meanings of the words read. Of those who can read sentences, 62.4 percent in Std V could explain the meaning of the sentences. Both these levels are virtually unchanged since 2014.<br /><br /><strong><em>School observations </em></strong><br /><br />As part of the ASER survey, one government school with primary sections is visited in each sampled village.<br /><br />ASER 2016 visited 15,630 government schools with primary sections. Of these 9,644 were primary schools and 5,986 were upper primary schools which also had primary sections.<br /><br /><em><strong>Children's attendance shows no major change from 2014. </strong></em><br /><br /><span style="font-family:arial,helvetica,sans-serif; font-size:medium">• </span>In 2016, ASER data indicates that 71.4 percent of enrolled children in primary schools and 73.2 percent of enrolled children in upper primary schools were present on the day of the visit. In 2014, these figures were 71.3 percent in primary schools and 71.1 percent in upper primary schools.<br /><br /><span style="font-family:arial,helvetica,sans-serif; font-size:medium">• </span>As in previous years, children's attendance varies considerably across the country. States like Himachal Pradesh, Punjab, Uttarakhand, Haryana, Nagaland, Mizoram, Gujarat, Maharashtra, Karnataka, Andhra Pradesh, Kerala and Tamil Nadu have attendance levels that are above 80 percent. But in states like Uttar Pradesh, Bihar, Manipur, West Bengal, and Madhya Pradesh, attendance rates range from 50 to 60 percent.<br /><br /><span style="font-family:arial,helvetica,sans-serif; font-size:medium">• </span>Trends over time show that children's attendance in both primary and upper primary schools was higher in 2009 as compared to 2016. In 2009, attendance was at 74.3 percent in primary schools. The figure for 2016 is 71.4 percent. Similar data for upper primary schools shows a decline from 77 percent in 2009 to 73.2 percent in 2016.<br /><br /><strong><em>The proportion of "small schools" in the government primary school sector continues to grow. The percentage of multigrade classrooms has also increased. </em></strong><br /><br /><span style="font-family:arial,helvetica,sans-serif; font-size:medium">• </span>Of the government primary schools visited in 2016, close to 40 percent are "small schools" with a total enrollment of 60 children or less. 8.9 percent of the upper primary schools visited had a total enrollment of 60 children or less.<br /><br /><span style="font-family:arial,helvetica,sans-serif; font-size:medium">• </span>In 2009, the percentage of government primary schools visited that were "small" was 26.1 percent. The corresponding number for upper primary schools was 4.5 percent.<br /><br /><span style="font-family:arial,helvetica,sans-serif; font-size:medium">• </span>ASER also notes the proportion of children enrolled in Std II and Std IV who are sitting with other grades. This proportion has been going up over time. In primary schools, in 2010, 55.2 percent of Std II classes sat with other grades. This figure has gone up to 63.7 percent in 2016. Similar trends are also visible for Std IV. The proportion of classes in which Std IV children are sitting with other grades increased from 49 percent in 2010 to 58 percent in 2016.<br /><br /><em><strong>For the most part, improvement in school facilities continues. </strong></em><br /><br /><span style="font-family:arial,helvetica,sans-serif; font-size:medium">• </span>ASER records whether toilets are available and useable on the day of the visit. Since 2010, there has been significant progress in the availability of useable toilets. Nationally in 2016, 68.7 percent of schools visited had toilet facilities that were useable as compared 47.2 percent in 2010. In 2016, only 3.5 percent of the schools visited had no toilet facility.<br /><br /><span style="font-family:arial,helvetica,sans-serif; font-size:medium">• </span>The proportion of schools visited where girls' toilets were available and useable has gone up from 32.9 percent in 2010 to 55.7 percent in 2014 to 61.9 percent in 2016. In four states, 80 percent or more schools visited had useable girls'toilets. These states are Gujarat, Rajasthan, Himachal Pradesh and Haryana.<br /><br /><span style="font-family:arial,helvetica,sans-serif; font-size:medium">• </span>Drinking water was available in 74.1 percent of the schools that were visited in 2016, down from 75.6 percent in 2014. In 2010, this figure was 72.7 percent. In four states (Bihar, Chhattisgarh, Gujarat and Himachal Pradesh), drinking water was available in 85 percent or more of schools.<br /><br /><span style="font-family:arial,helvetica,sans-serif; font-size:medium">• </span>There has been no change in the availability of computers in schools since 2014. The 2016 figure is 20 percent as compared to 19.6 percent in 2014. However, some states stand out in terms of high provision of computers. In Kerala, 89 percent of schools visited had computers; this number was 75.2 percent in Gujarat, 55.1 percent in Maharashtra and 57.3 percent in Tamil Nadu.<br /><br /><span style="font-family:arial,helvetica,sans-serif; font-size:medium">• </span>The proportion of schools with libraries has fallen from 78.1 percent in 2014 to 75.5 percent in 2016. However, children were seen using library books in more schools in 2016. In 42.6 percent of schools that were visited, children were seen using library books as compared to 40.7 percent in 2014.<br /><br /> <br> <div align="center" class="pagination"> <span><a href="https://im4change.in/hunger-hdi/education-50.html?pgno=14" class="articlepagination">« previous</a></span><span><a href="https://im4change.in/hunger-hdi/education-50.html?pgno=1" class="articlepagination">1</a></span><span><a href="https://im4change.in/hunger-hdi/education-50.html?pgno=2" class="articlepagination">2</a></span><span><a href="https://im4change.in/hunger-hdi/education-50.html?pgno=3" class="articlepagination">3</a></span><span><a href="https://im4change.in/hunger-hdi/education-50.html?pgno=4" class="articlepagination">4</a></span><span><a href="https://im4change.in/hunger-hdi/education-50.html?pgno=5" class="articlepagination">5</a></span><span><a href="https://im4change.in/hunger-hdi/education-50.html?pgno=6" class="articlepagination">6</a></span><span><a href="https://im4change.in/hunger-hdi/education-50.html?pgno=7" class="articlepagination">7</a></span><span><a href="https://im4change.in/hunger-hdi/education-50.html?pgno=8" class="articlepagination">8</a></span><span><a href="https://im4change.in/hunger-hdi/education-50.html?pgno=9" class="articlepagination">9</a></span><span><a href="https://im4change.in/hunger-hdi/education-50.html?pgno=10" class="articlepagination">10</a></span><span><a href="https://im4change.in/hunger-hdi/education-50.html?pgno=11" class="articlepagination">11</a></span><span><a href="https://im4change.in/hunger-hdi/education-50.html?pgno=12" class="articlepagination">12</a></span><span><a href="https://im4change.in/hunger-hdi/education-50.html?pgno=13" class="articlepagination">13</a></span><span><a href="https://im4change.in/hunger-hdi/education-50.html?pgno=14" class="articlepagination">14</a></span><span class="current">15</span><span><a href="https://im4change.in/hunger-hdi/education-50.html?pgno=16" class="articlepagination">16</a></span><span><a href="https://im4change.in/hunger-hdi/education-50.html?pgno=17" class="articlepagination">17</a></span><span><a href="https://im4change.in/hunger-hdi/education-50.html?pgno=18" class="articlepagination">18</a></span><span><a href="https://im4change.in/hunger-hdi/education-50.html?pgno=19" class="articlepagination">19</a></span><span><a href="https://im4change.in/hunger-hdi/education-50.html?pgno=20" class="articlepagination">20</a></span><span><a href="https://im4change.in/hunger-hdi/education-50.html?pgno=21" class="articlepagination">21</a></span><span><a href="https://im4change.in/hunger-hdi/education-50.html?pgno=22" class="articlepagination">22</a></span><span><a href="https://im4change.in/hunger-hdi/education-50.html?pgno=23" class="articlepagination">23</a></span><span><a href="https://im4change.in/hunger-hdi/education-50.html?pgno=24" class="articlepagination">24</a></span><span><a href="https://im4change.in/hunger-hdi/education-50.html?pgno=25" class="articlepagination">25</a></span><span><a href="https://im4change.in/hunger-hdi/education-50.html?pgno=26" class="articlepagination">26</a></span><span><a href="https://im4change.in/hunger-hdi/education-50.html?pgno=27" class="articlepagination">27</a></span><span><a href="https://im4change.in/hunger-hdi/education-50.html?pgno=28" class="articlepagination">28</a></span><span><a href="https://im4change.in/hunger-hdi/education-50.html?pgno=16" class="articlepagination">next »</a></span> </div> </div> </td> </tr> </table> </div> </div> </div> <div class="clear"></div> <br><a href='/experts.php' class='re'>Rural Expert</a><div class="clear"></div> <div class="clear"></div> <div class="comment-respond" id="respond"> <a name="commentbox"> </a> <h3 class="comment-reply-title" id="reply-title">Write Comments</h3> <form method="post" accept-charset="utf-8" role="form" action="/hunger-hdi/education-50.html?pgno=15"><div style="display:none;"><input type="hidden" name="_method" value="POST"/></div> <form class="comment-form" id="commentform" method="post" action="#commentbox" onSubmit="return validate()" name="cmtform"> <input type="hidden" name="cmttype" value="articlecmt"/> <input type="hidden" name="article_id" value="20"/> <p class="comment-notes">Your email address will not be published. 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