Deprecated (16384): The ArrayAccess methods will be removed in 4.0.0.Use getParam(), getData() and getQuery() instead. - /home/brlfuser/public_html/src/Controller/ArtileDetailController.php, line: 150
 You can disable deprecation warnings by setting `Error.errorLevel` to `E_ALL & ~E_USER_DEPRECATED` in your config/app.php. [CORE/src/Core/functions.php, line 311]
Code Context


        trigger_error($message, E_USER_DEPRECATED);

    }
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 You can disable deprecation warnings by setting `Error.errorLevel` to `E_ALL & ~E_USER_DEPRECATED` in your config/app.php.'
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deprecationWarning - CORE/src/Core/functions.php, line 311
Cake\Http\ServerRequest::offsetGet() - CORE/src/Http/ServerRequest.php, line 2421
App\Controller\ArtileDetailController::index() - APP/Controller/ArtileDetailController.php, line 150
Cake\Controller\Controller::invokeAction() - CORE/src/Controller/Controller.php, line 610
Cake\Http\ActionDispatcher::_invoke() - CORE/src/Http/ActionDispatcher.php, line 120
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Cake\Http\BaseApplication::__invoke() - CORE/src/Http/BaseApplication.php, line 235
Cake\Http\Runner::__invoke() - CORE/src/Http/Runner.php, line 65
Cake\Routing\Middleware\RoutingMiddleware::__invoke() - CORE/src/Routing/Middleware/RoutingMiddleware.php, line 162
Cake\Http\Runner::__invoke() - CORE/src/Http/Runner.php, line 65
Cake\Routing\Middleware\AssetMiddleware::__invoke() - CORE/src/Routing/Middleware/AssetMiddleware.php, line 97
Cake\Http\Runner::__invoke() - CORE/src/Http/Runner.php, line 65
Cake\Error\Middleware\ErrorHandlerMiddleware::__invoke() - CORE/src/Error/Middleware/ErrorHandlerMiddleware.php, line 96
Cake\Http\Runner::__invoke() - CORE/src/Http/Runner.php, line 65
Cake\Http\Runner::run() - CORE/src/Http/Runner.php, line 51
Cake\Http\Server::run() - CORE/src/Http/Server.php, line 98

Deprecated (16384): The ArrayAccess methods will be removed in 4.0.0.Use getParam(), getData() and getQuery() instead. - /home/brlfuser/public_html/src/Controller/ArtileDetailController.php, line: 151
 You can disable deprecation warnings by setting `Error.errorLevel` to `E_ALL & ~E_USER_DEPRECATED` in your config/app.php. [CORE/src/Core/functions.php, line 311]
Code Context


        trigger_error($message, E_USER_DEPRECATED);

    }
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 You can disable deprecation warnings by setting `Error.errorLevel` to `E_ALL & ~E_USER_DEPRECATED` in your config/app.php.'
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deprecationWarning - CORE/src/Core/functions.php, line 311
Cake\Http\ServerRequest::offsetGet() - CORE/src/Http/ServerRequest.php, line 2421
App\Controller\ArtileDetailController::index() - APP/Controller/ArtileDetailController.php, line 151
Cake\Controller\Controller::invokeAction() - CORE/src/Controller/Controller.php, line 610
Cake\Http\ActionDispatcher::_invoke() - CORE/src/Http/ActionDispatcher.php, line 120
Cake\Http\ActionDispatcher::dispatch() - CORE/src/Http/ActionDispatcher.php, line 94
Cake\Http\BaseApplication::__invoke() - CORE/src/Http/BaseApplication.php, line 235
Cake\Http\Runner::__invoke() - CORE/src/Http/Runner.php, line 65
Cake\Routing\Middleware\RoutingMiddleware::__invoke() - CORE/src/Routing/Middleware/RoutingMiddleware.php, line 162
Cake\Http\Runner::__invoke() - CORE/src/Http/Runner.php, line 65
Cake\Routing\Middleware\AssetMiddleware::__invoke() - CORE/src/Routing/Middleware/AssetMiddleware.php, line 97
Cake\Http\Runner::__invoke() - CORE/src/Http/Runner.php, line 65
Cake\Error\Middleware\ErrorHandlerMiddleware::__invoke() - CORE/src/Error/Middleware/ErrorHandlerMiddleware.php, line 96
Cake\Http\Runner::__invoke() - CORE/src/Http/Runner.php, line 65
Cake\Http\Runner::run() - CORE/src/Http/Runner.php, line 51
Cake\Http\Server::run() - CORE/src/Http/Server.php, line 98

Warning (512): Unable to emit headers. Headers sent in file=/home/brlfuser/public_html/vendor/cakephp/cakephp/src/Error/Debugger.php line=853 [CORE/src/Http/ResponseEmitter.php, line 48]
Code Context
            if (Configure::read('debug')) {

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<html class="ie ie6" lang='en'> <![endif]-->
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        Hunger / HDI | Education    </title>
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&bull; At&nbsp;the&nbsp;national&nbsp;level,&nbsp;the&nbsp;proportion of&nbsp;government schools&nbsp;having facilities like drinking water was 96.39 percent, boys&#39; toilet was 94.64 percent, girls&#39; toilet was 97.03 percent, boundary wall was 60.12 percent, playground was 56.98 percent, ramp was 71.50 percent, CWSN toilet was 19.59 percent,..."/>
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&bull; At&nbsp;the&nbsp;national&nbsp;level,&nbsp;the&nbsp;proportion of&nbsp;government schools&nbsp;having facilities like drinking water was 96.39 percent, boys&#39; toilet was 94.64 percent, girls&#39; toilet was 97.03 percent, boundary wall was 60.12 percent, playground was 56.98 percent, ramp was 71.50 percent, CWSN toilet was 19.59 percent,..." />
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                                            <h2 style="font-weight: bold; font-size: 13px;">What's Inside</h2>
                                            <ul class="whatsinside">
                                                                                                    <li>
                                                        <a href="https://im4change.in/hunger-hdi/education-50.html?pgno=2#gloom-in-the-classroom-the-schooling-crisis-in-jharkhand-prepared-by-gyan-vigyan-samiti-jharkhand-released-in-december-2022">Gloom in the Classroom: The Schooling Crisis in Jharkhand, prepared by Gyan Vigyan Samiti Jharkhand, released in December 2022</a>
                                                    </li>
                                                                                                        <li>
                                                        <a href="https://im4change.in/hunger-hdi/education-50.html?pgno=3#cries-of-anguish-released-in-march-2022">Cries of Anguish (released in March 2022)</a>
                                                    </li>
                                                                                                        <li>
                                                        <a href="https://im4change.in/hunger-hdi/education-50.html?pgno=3#india-needs-to-learn-a-case-for-keeping-schools-open-released-in-january-2022">India Needs To Learn -- A Case for Keeping Schools Open (released in January 2022)</a>
                                                    </li>
                                                                                                        <li>
                                                        <a href="https://im4change.in/hunger-hdi/education-50.html?pgno=4#state-of-foundational-literacy-and-numeracy-in-india-released-on-16th-december-2021">State of Foundational Literacy and Numeracy in India (released on 16th December, 2021)</a>
                                                    </li>
                                                                                                        <li>
                                                        <a href="https://im4change.in/hunger-hdi/education-50.html?pgno=5#sixteenth-annual-status-of-education-report-rural-2021-released-on-17th-november-2021">Sixteenth Annual Status of Education Report (Rural) 2021 (released on 17th November, 2021)</a>
                                                    </li>
                                                                                                        <li>
                                                        <a href="https://im4change.in/hunger-hdi/education-50.html?pgno=6#a-future-at-stake-ndash-guidelines-and-principles-to-resume-and-renew-education-released-on-2nd-november-2021">A Future at Stake &ndash; Guidelines and Principles to Resume and Renew Education (released on 2nd November, 2021)</a>
                                                    </li>
                                                                                                        <li>
                                                        <a href="https://im4change.in/hunger-hdi/education-50.html?pgno=6#2021-state-of-the-education-report-for-india-no-teacher-no-class-released-in-october-2021">2021 State of the Education Report for India: No Teacher, No Class (released in October, 2021)</a>
                                                    </li>
                                                                                                        <li>
                                                        <a href="https://im4change.in/hunger-hdi/education-50.html?pgno=7#locked-out-emergency-report-on-school-education-released-on-6th-september-2021">Locked Out: Emergency Report on School Education (released on 6th September, 2021)</a>
                                                    </li>
                                                                                                        <li>
                                                        <a href="https://im4change.in/hunger-hdi/education-50.html?pgno=7#rapid-assessment-of-learning-during-school-closures-in-the-context-of-covid-19-released-in-may-2021">Rapid assessment of learning during school closures in the context of COVID-19 (released in May, 2021)</a>
                                                    </li>
                                                                                                        <li>
                                                        <a href="https://im4change.in/hunger-hdi/education-50.html?pgno=8#performance-grading-index-pgi-2019-20-for-states-and-union-territories-released-in-june-2021">Performance Grading Index (PGI) 2019-20 for States and Union Territories (released in June, 2021)</a>
                                                    </li>
                                                                                                </ul>
                                                                                            <div><a href="javascript:void(0)" id="morewhatsinsidelink" onClick="javascript:$('#morewhatsinside').show();$('#morewhatsinsidelink').hide();$('#lesswhatsinsidelink').show();">More</a></div>
                                                                                            <ul class="whatsinside" id="morewhatsinside" style="display:none">
                                                                                                    <li>
                                                        <a href="https://im4change.in/hunger-hdi/education-50.html?pgno=9#covid-19-and-school-closures-one-year-of-education-disruption-released-in-march-2021">COVID-19 and School Closures: One Year of Education Disruption (released in March, 2021)</a>
                                                    </li>
                                                                                                        <li>
                                                        <a href="https://im4change.in/hunger-hdi/education-50.html?pgno=10#aser-2020-wave-1-for-rural-areas-released-in-october-2020">ASER 2020 Wave-1 for rural areas (released in October, 2020)</a>
                                                    </li>
                                                                                                        <li>
                                                        <a href="https://im4change.in/hunger-hdi/education-50.html?pgno=11#broken-slates-and-blank-screens-education-under-lockdown-released-in-september-2020">Broken Slates and Blank Screens: Education Under Lockdown (released in September 2020)</a>
                                                    </li>
                                                                                                        <li>
                                                        <a href="https://im4change.in/hunger-hdi/education-50.html?pgno=11#parliamentary-standing-committee-report-on-demands-for-grants-2020-21-demand-no-58-of-the-department-of-school-education-literacy-presented-to-the-rajya-sabha-on-5th-march-2020">Parliamentary Standing Committee report on Demands for Grants 2020-21 (Demand No. 58) of the Department of School Education &amp; Literacy (presented to the Rajya Sabha on 5th March, 2020)</a>
                                                    </li>
                                                                                                        <li>
                                                        <a href="https://im4change.in/hunger-hdi/education-50.html?pgno=12#spanaser-2019-39early-years39-released-in-january-2020">ASER 2019 &#39;Early Years&#39; (released in January 2020)</a>
                                                    </li>
                                                                                                        <li>
                                                        <a href="https://im4change.in/hunger-hdi/education-50.html?pgno=13#draft-national-education-policy-2019">Draft National Education Policy 2019</a>
                                                    </li>
                                                                                                        <li>
                                                        <a href="https://im4change.in/hunger-hdi/education-50.html?pgno=13#nss-75th-round-report-key-indicators-of-household-social-consumption-on-education-in-india-july-2017-to-june-2018-released-on-23rd-november-2019">NSS 75th Round Report: Key Indicators of Household Social Consumption on Education in India, July 2017 to June 2018 (released on 23rd November 2019)</a>
                                                    </li>
                                                                                                        <li>
                                                        <a href="https://im4change.in/hunger-hdi/education-50.html?pgno=13#annual-status-of-education-report-aser-2018">Annual Status of Education Report (ASER) 2018</a>
                                                    </li>
                                                                                                        <li>
                                                        <a href="https://im4change.in/hunger-hdi/education-50.html?pgno=14#aser-2017-beyond-basics-released-in-january-2018">ASER 2017: Beyond Basics (released in January, 2018)</a>
                                                    </li>
                                                                                                        <li>
                                                        <a href="https://im4change.in/hunger-hdi/education-50.html?pgno=15#aser-2016-released-in-january-2017">ASER 2016 (released in January, 2017)</a>
                                                    </li>
                                                                                                        <li>
                                                        <a href="https://im4change.in/hunger-hdi/education-50.html?pgno=16#71st-round-nss-report-key-indicators-of-social-consumption-in-india-education-published-in-june-2015">71st round NSS report: Key Indicators of Social Consumption in India Education (published in June 2015)</a>
                                                    </li>
                                                                                                        <li>
                                                        <a href="https://im4change.in/hunger-hdi/education-50.html?pgno=17#annual-status-of-education-report-2014-released-in-january-2015">Annual Status of Education Report 2014 (released in January 2015)</a>
                                                    </li>
                                                                                                        <li>
                                                        <a href="https://im4change.in/hunger-hdi/education-50.html?pgno=18#11th-unesco-education-for-all-global-monitoring-report-2013-14">11th UNESCO Education for All Global Monitoring Report 2013-14</a>
                                                    </li>
                                                                                                        <li>
                                                        <a href="https://im4change.in/hunger-hdi/education-50.html?pgno=19#aser-2013-report">ASER 2013 report</a>
                                                    </li>
                                                                                                        <li>
                                                        <a href="https://im4change.in/hunger-hdi/education-50.html?pgno=20#nss-report-no-551-66106-titled-status-of-education-and-vocational-training-in-india-66th-round">NSS report no. 551 (66/10/6) titled Status of Education and Vocational Training in India (66th Round)</a>
                                                    </li>
                                                                                                        <li>
                                                        <a href="https://im4change.in/hunger-hdi/education-50.html?pgno=21#annual-status-of-education-report-2012">Annual Status of Education Report 2012</a>
                                                    </li>
                                                                                                        <li>
                                                        <a href="https://im4change.in/hunger-hdi/education-50.html?pgno=22#children-in-india-2012-a-statistical-appraisal">Children in India 2012-A Statistical Appraisal</a>
                                                    </li>
                                                                                                        <li>
                                                        <a href="https://im4change.in/hunger-hdi/education-50.html?pgno=23#annual-status-of-education-report-aser-2011">Annual Status of Education Report (ASER) 2011</a>
                                                    </li>
                                                                                                        <li>
                                                        <a href="https://im4change.in/hunger-hdi/education-50.html?pgno=24#global-education-digest-2011-comparing-education-statistics-across-the-world">Global Education Digest 2011-Comparing Education Statistics Across the World</a>
                                                    </li>
                                                                                                        <li>
                                                        <a href="https://im4change.in/hunger-hdi/education-50.html?pgno=24#annual-status-of-education-report-aser-2010">Annual Status of Education Report (ASER) 2010</a>
                                                    </li>
                                                                                                        <li>
                                                        <a href="https://im4change.in/hunger-hdi/education-50.html?pgno=25#annual-status-of-education-report-2009">Annual Status of Education Report 2009</a>
                                                    </li>
                                                                                                        <li>
                                                        <a href="https://im4change.in/hunger-hdi/education-50.html?pgno=26#education-in-india-2007-08">Education in India: 2007-08</a>
                                                    </li>
                                                                                                        <li>
                                                        <a href="https://im4change.in/hunger-hdi/education-50.html?pgno=27#education-for-all-report-2010">Education for All Report 2010</a>
                                                    </li>
                                                                                                        <li>
                                                        <a href="https://im4change.in/hunger-hdi/education-50.html?pgno=27#secondary-education-in-india-universalizing-opportunity-2009">Secondary Education in India: Universalizing Opportunity (2009)</a>
                                                    </li>
                                                                                                        <li>
                                                        <a href="https://im4change.in/hunger-hdi/education-50.html?pgno=27#annual-status-of-education-report-2008-rural">Annual Status of Education Report 2008 (Rural)</a>
                                                    </li>
                                                                                                        <li>
                                                        <a href="https://im4change.in/hunger-hdi/education-50.html?pgno=27#literacy-and-levels-of-education-in-india-1999-2000-of-the-55th-round-nss">Literacy and Levels of Education in India 1999-2000 of the 55th Round NSS</a>
                                                    </li>
                                                                                                </ul>
                                            <div><a style="display:none" href="javascript:void(0)" id="lesswhatsinsidelink" onClick="javascript:$('#morewhatsinside').hide();$('#morewhatsinsidelink').show();$('#lesswhatsinsidelink').hide();">Less</a></div>
                                                                                    </div>
                                    </div>
                                </div>
                            </div>
                                                    <div>
                            &nbsp;</p><p style="text-align:justify">&nbsp;</p><p style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-family:arial,helvetica,sans-serif">&nbsp; </span></p><p style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-family:arial,helvetica,sans-serif"><span style="font-size:medium">The <a name="annual-status-of-education-report-2009">Annual Status of Education Report 2009</a>,</span><br /><a href="http://www.asercentre.org/asersurvey/aser09/pdfdata/national%20highlights.pdf" title="http://www.asercentre.org/asersurvey/aser09/pdfdata/national%20highlights.pdf">http://www.asercentre.org/asersurvey/aser09/pdfdata/nation<br />al%20highlights.pdf</a><span style="font-size:medium"> show: </span></span></p><p style="text-align:justify"><br /><span style="font-family:arial,helvetica,sans-serif"><span style="font-size:medium"><span style="font-family:arial,helvetica,sans-serif"><u><strong>Fewer girls 11-14 out of school</strong></u></span> </span> </span></p><p style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:medium"><span style="font-family:arial,helvetica,sans-serif">&bull;&nbsp;The overall percentage of children (6-14) who are out of school has dropped from 4.3% in 2008 to 4% in 2009.</span> </span></p><p style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:medium"><span style="font-family:arial,helvetica,sans-serif">&bull;&nbsp;Out of school girls in the age group 11 to 14 has dropped from 7.2% in 2008 to 6.8% in 2009. In terms of a decline in percentage points, this decrease is clearly visible in Chhattisgarh (3.8), Bihar (2.8), Rajasthan (2.6), Orissa (2.1), Jammu and Kashmir (1.9). Other than Meghalaya all other states in the North East also show a drop.</span> </span></p><p style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:medium"><span style="font-family:arial,helvetica,sans-serif">&bull;&nbsp;Andhra Pradesh records an increase in the percentage of 11-14 year old girls out of school from 6.6% in 2008 to 10.8% in 2009. So does Punjab from 4.9% in 2008 to 6.3% in 2009.</span> </span></p><p style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:medium"><span style="font-family:arial,helvetica,sans-serif"><u><strong>Private school enrolment hasn&rsquo;t changed much</strong></u></span> </span></p><p style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:medium"><span style="font-family:arial,helvetica,sans-serif">&bull;&nbsp;Overall, for 6-14 year olds, between 2008 and 2009 there has been a slight decline in the percentage of children enrolled in private school (0.8 percentage points). However, six states show a decline in private school enrolment of more than 5 percentage points. Of these, Punjab which has one of the highest private school enrollments in the country shows the greatest drop (11.3 percentage points).</span> </span></p><p style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:medium"><span style="font-family:arial,helvetica,sans-serif"><u><strong>Half of India&rsquo;s five year olds are enrolled in primary school</strong></u></span> </span></p><p style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:medium"><span style="font-family:arial,helvetica,sans-serif">&bull;&nbsp;In 2009 as in 2008, well over 50% of 5 year olds are enrolled in school.</span> </span></p><p style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:medium"><span style="font-family:arial,helvetica,sans-serif">&bull;&nbsp;Although for the country as a whole, the status of 3 and 4 year olds going to preschool (anganwadi or balwadi) has not changed much since 2008, among the major states Bihar, Orissa, Chhattisgarh and Gujarat record a more than five percentage point increase in the proportion of children going to anganwadi.</span> </span></p><p style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:medium"><span style="font-family:arial,helvetica,sans-serif"><u><strong>Learning levels improving in Std 1</strong></u></span> </span></p><p style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:medium"><span style="font-family:arial,helvetica,sans-serif">&bull;&nbsp;The foundation of children&rsquo;s learning is built in early grades. Overall, the percentage of children in Std 1 who can recognize letters or more has increased from 65.1% in 2008 to 68.8% in 2009. Similarly there is an increase in number recognition, with percentage of children recognizing numbers or more increasing from 65.3% in 2008 to 69.3 in 2009.</span> </span></p><p style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:medium"><span style="font-family:arial,helvetica,sans-serif">&bull;&nbsp;For Std 1 children in government schools in Punjab, Haryana, Rajasthan, Uttar Pradesh, Jharkhand and Orissa there is an increase of 10 percentage points or more as compared to last year in their ability to at least recognize letter and numbers up to 9. In Tamil Nadu and Goa, there is an improvement in both reading and maths of more than 5 percentage points. Similar increases are visible in Uttarakhand and Maharashtra in maths and in Karnataka in letter recognition.</span> </span></p><p style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:medium"><span style="font-family:arial,helvetica,sans-serif"><u><strong>No major improvements in learning levels for children in Std 5 except in Tamil Nadu for reading and in a few states in maths</strong></u></span> </span></p><p style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:medium"><span style="font-family:arial,helvetica,sans-serif">&bull;&nbsp;The all India figure for percentage of all rural children in Std 5 reading text at Std 2 level shows a decline from 56.2% in 2008 to 52.8% in 2009. This means that well over 40% of all rural children in Std 5 in India are at least three grade levels behind.</span> </span></p><p style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:medium"><span style="font-family:arial,helvetica,sans-serif">&bull;&nbsp;In reading, for government school children in Std 5 in Tamil Nadu there is an 8 percentage point increase over 2008 levels. Karnataka and Punjab also show improvements over last year. Hardly any change in other states in reading as compared to 2008.</span> </span></p><p style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:medium"><span style="font-family:arial,helvetica,sans-serif">&bull;&nbsp;In maths, for children in Std 5, for the country as a whole, the ability to do division problems has hardly increased. However 7 states show increases of 5 to 8 percentage points. These states are Himachal Pradesh, Punjab, Assam, West Bengal, Orissa, Andhra Pradesh and Karnataka.</span> </span></p><p style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:medium"><span style="font-family:arial,helvetica,sans-serif"><u><strong>Wide variation in the ability to read and comprehend English across India</strong></u></span> </span></p><p style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:medium"><span style="font-family:arial,helvetica,sans-serif">&bull;&nbsp;The all India numbers indicate that a quarter of all rural children in Std 5 children can read simple sentences. Of those who can read sentences, over 80% can understand the meaning of the sentence.</span> </span></p><p style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:medium"><span style="font-family:arial,helvetica,sans-serif">&bull;&nbsp;By Std 8, 60.2% of all children can read simple sentences. In all the north-eastern states (except Tripura), Goa, Himachal Pradesh and Kerala more than 80% of children in Std 8 can not only read simple sentences fluently but also understand the meaning.</span> </span></p><p style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:medium"><span style="font-family:arial,helvetica,sans-serif"><u><strong>Increase in tuition classes for all children across all grades</strong></u></span> </span></p><p style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:medium"><span style="font-family:arial,helvetica,sans-serif">&bull;&nbsp;Nationally, between 2007 and 2009, the percentage of children taking paid tuition increased for every class, in both government and private schools. Only Kerala and Karnataka show a small but consistent decline in the incidence of tuition across government school children in most classes.</span> </span></p><p style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:medium"><span style="font-family:arial,helvetica,sans-serif">&bull;&nbsp;Among government school children, the percentage going to tuition class increases steadily as children move into higher classes: from 17.1% in Std 1 to 30.8% in Std 8.</span> </span></p><p style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:medium"><span style="font-family:arial,helvetica,sans-serif">&bull;&nbsp;Among children attending private schools, almost a quarter (23.3%) take private tuition from Std 1 onwards. The percentage peaks at 29.8% in Std 4.</span> </span></p><p style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:medium"><span style="font-family:arial,helvetica,sans-serif">&bull;&nbsp;Children in West Bengal are by far the most intensive users of paid private tuition in the country; more than half of all Std 1 and almost 90% of all Std 8 government school children take some kind of paid tuition. The incidence of tuition in Bihar and Orissa is also high, with very large numbers of government school children taking tuition, ranging from about a third in Std 1 to well over half in Std 8.</span> </span></p><p style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:medium"><span style="font-family:arial,helvetica,sans-serif"><u><strong>Children&rsquo;s attendance needs improvement in some states</strong></u></span> </span></p><p style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:medium"><span style="font-family:arial,helvetica,sans-serif">&bull;&nbsp;Comparisons across the three years (2005, 2007 and 2009) indicate that children&rsquo;s attendance in school, as observed on a random day in the school year, varies considerably across states. There are states like Bihar where less than 60% of enrolled children are attending on the day of the visit to southern states where average attendance is well above 90%. In addition, states like Rajasthan, Uttar Pradesh, Jharkhand, Orissa and Madhya Pradesh need to pay more attention to raising attendance in schools. In most states, on the day of the visit, close to 90% of appointed teachers were present in the school.</span> </span></p><p style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:medium"><span style="font-family:arial,helvetica,sans-serif"><u><strong>Multigrade grouping is widespread</strong></u></span> </span></p><p style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:medium"><span style="font-family:arial,helvetica,sans-serif">&bull;&nbsp;In 2007 and 2009, surveyors were asked to observe if Std 2 and Std 4 were grouped and sitting together with any other grade. In both years, the incidence of multi-grade groupings was high. At the all-India level close to 50% children in class 2 and 4 were sitting with other classes.</span> </span></p><p style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:medium"><span style="font-family:arial,helvetica,sans-serif"><u><strong>Increase in useable toilets and improvements in availability of drinking water</strong></u></span> </span></p><p style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:medium"><span style="font-family:arial,helvetica,sans-serif">&bull;&nbsp;All India figures indicate that overall, the percentage of schools with no water or toilet provision is declining over time. Water is available in 75% of government primary schools and 81% of upper primary schools. Useable toilets can be found in over 50% of government schools. Four out of ten government primary schools do not have separate toilets for girls. This number is lower for upper primary schools at 26%. About 12 -15% girls&rsquo; toilets are locked and only about 30 - 40% are useable.</span> </span></p><p style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:medium"><span style="font-family:arial,helvetica,sans-serif"><u><strong>Not all schools received the annual school grants for the last school year</strong></u></span> </span></p><p style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-family:arial,helvetica,sans-serif"><span style="font-family:arial,helvetica,sans-serif; font-size:medium">&bull;&nbsp;There is considerable variation across states for grants received in the last school year. In Nagaland close to 90% of schools visited had received all their annual grants, where as the percentage of visited schools receiving their grants in the 2008-2009 school year was 60% or below in Jharkhand, Orissa and Madhya Pradesh. </span></span></p><p style="text-align:justify">&nbsp;</p><p style="text-align:justify">&nbsp;</p><p style="text-align:justify">&nbsp;</p><p style="text-align:justify">&nbsp;</p><p style="text-align:justify">&nbsp;</p><p style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:medium"><span style="font-family:arial,helvetica,sans-serif"><span style="font-family:arial,helvetica,sans-serif">                                                                    <br>
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&bull; At&nbsp;the&nbsp;national&nbsp;level,&nbsp;the&nbsp;proportion of&nbsp;government schools&nbsp;having facilities like drinking water was 96.39 percent, boys&#39; toilet was 94.64 percent, girls&#39; toilet was 97.03 percent, boundary wall was 60.12 percent, playground was 56.98 percent, ramp was 71.50 percent, CWSN toilet was 19.59 percent,..."/>
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&bull; At&nbsp;the&nbsp;national&nbsp;level,&nbsp;the&nbsp;proportion of&nbsp;government schools&nbsp;having facilities like drinking water was 96.39 percent, boys&#39; toilet was 94.64 percent, girls&#39; toilet was 97.03 percent, boundary wall was 60.12 percent, playground was 56.98 percent, ramp was 71.50 percent, CWSN toilet was 19.59 percent,..." />
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    <h1 class="cat-box-title">Education</h1>
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                                            <h2 style="font-weight: bold; font-size: 13px;">What's Inside</h2>
                                            <ul class="whatsinside">
                                                                                                    <li>
                                                        <a href="https://im4change.in/hunger-hdi/education-50.html?pgno=2#gloom-in-the-classroom-the-schooling-crisis-in-jharkhand-prepared-by-gyan-vigyan-samiti-jharkhand-released-in-december-2022">Gloom in the Classroom: The Schooling Crisis in Jharkhand, prepared by Gyan Vigyan Samiti Jharkhand, released in December 2022</a>
                                                    </li>
                                                                                                        <li>
                                                        <a href="https://im4change.in/hunger-hdi/education-50.html?pgno=3#cries-of-anguish-released-in-march-2022">Cries of Anguish (released in March 2022)</a>
                                                    </li>
                                                                                                        <li>
                                                        <a href="https://im4change.in/hunger-hdi/education-50.html?pgno=3#india-needs-to-learn-a-case-for-keeping-schools-open-released-in-january-2022">India Needs To Learn -- A Case for Keeping Schools Open (released in January 2022)</a>
                                                    </li>
                                                                                                        <li>
                                                        <a href="https://im4change.in/hunger-hdi/education-50.html?pgno=4#state-of-foundational-literacy-and-numeracy-in-india-released-on-16th-december-2021">State of Foundational Literacy and Numeracy in India (released on 16th December, 2021)</a>
                                                    </li>
                                                                                                        <li>
                                                        <a href="https://im4change.in/hunger-hdi/education-50.html?pgno=5#sixteenth-annual-status-of-education-report-rural-2021-released-on-17th-november-2021">Sixteenth Annual Status of Education Report (Rural) 2021 (released on 17th November, 2021)</a>
                                                    </li>
                                                                                                        <li>
                                                        <a href="https://im4change.in/hunger-hdi/education-50.html?pgno=6#a-future-at-stake-ndash-guidelines-and-principles-to-resume-and-renew-education-released-on-2nd-november-2021">A Future at Stake &ndash; Guidelines and Principles to Resume and Renew Education (released on 2nd November, 2021)</a>
                                                    </li>
                                                                                                        <li>
                                                        <a href="https://im4change.in/hunger-hdi/education-50.html?pgno=6#2021-state-of-the-education-report-for-india-no-teacher-no-class-released-in-october-2021">2021 State of the Education Report for India: No Teacher, No Class (released in October, 2021)</a>
                                                    </li>
                                                                                                        <li>
                                                        <a href="https://im4change.in/hunger-hdi/education-50.html?pgno=7#locked-out-emergency-report-on-school-education-released-on-6th-september-2021">Locked Out: Emergency Report on School Education (released on 6th September, 2021)</a>
                                                    </li>
                                                                                                        <li>
                                                        <a href="https://im4change.in/hunger-hdi/education-50.html?pgno=7#rapid-assessment-of-learning-during-school-closures-in-the-context-of-covid-19-released-in-may-2021">Rapid assessment of learning during school closures in the context of COVID-19 (released in May, 2021)</a>
                                                    </li>
                                                                                                        <li>
                                                        <a href="https://im4change.in/hunger-hdi/education-50.html?pgno=8#performance-grading-index-pgi-2019-20-for-states-and-union-territories-released-in-june-2021">Performance Grading Index (PGI) 2019-20 for States and Union Territories (released in June, 2021)</a>
                                                    </li>
                                                                                                </ul>
                                                                                            <div><a href="javascript:void(0)" id="morewhatsinsidelink" onClick="javascript:$('#morewhatsinside').show();$('#morewhatsinsidelink').hide();$('#lesswhatsinsidelink').show();">More</a></div>
                                                                                            <ul class="whatsinside" id="morewhatsinside" style="display:none">
                                                                                                    <li>
                                                        <a href="https://im4change.in/hunger-hdi/education-50.html?pgno=9#covid-19-and-school-closures-one-year-of-education-disruption-released-in-march-2021">COVID-19 and School Closures: One Year of Education Disruption (released in March, 2021)</a>
                                                    </li>
                                                                                                        <li>
                                                        <a href="https://im4change.in/hunger-hdi/education-50.html?pgno=10#aser-2020-wave-1-for-rural-areas-released-in-october-2020">ASER 2020 Wave-1 for rural areas (released in October, 2020)</a>
                                                    </li>
                                                                                                        <li>
                                                        <a href="https://im4change.in/hunger-hdi/education-50.html?pgno=11#broken-slates-and-blank-screens-education-under-lockdown-released-in-september-2020">Broken Slates and Blank Screens: Education Under Lockdown (released in September 2020)</a>
                                                    </li>
                                                                                                        <li>
                                                        <a href="https://im4change.in/hunger-hdi/education-50.html?pgno=11#parliamentary-standing-committee-report-on-demands-for-grants-2020-21-demand-no-58-of-the-department-of-school-education-literacy-presented-to-the-rajya-sabha-on-5th-march-2020">Parliamentary Standing Committee report on Demands for Grants 2020-21 (Demand No. 58) of the Department of School Education &amp; Literacy (presented to the Rajya Sabha on 5th March, 2020)</a>
                                                    </li>
                                                                                                        <li>
                                                        <a href="https://im4change.in/hunger-hdi/education-50.html?pgno=12#spanaser-2019-39early-years39-released-in-january-2020">ASER 2019 &#39;Early Years&#39; (released in January 2020)</a>
                                                    </li>
                                                                                                        <li>
                                                        <a href="https://im4change.in/hunger-hdi/education-50.html?pgno=13#draft-national-education-policy-2019">Draft National Education Policy 2019</a>
                                                    </li>
                                                                                                        <li>
                                                        <a href="https://im4change.in/hunger-hdi/education-50.html?pgno=13#nss-75th-round-report-key-indicators-of-household-social-consumption-on-education-in-india-july-2017-to-june-2018-released-on-23rd-november-2019">NSS 75th Round Report: Key Indicators of Household Social Consumption on Education in India, July 2017 to June 2018 (released on 23rd November 2019)</a>
                                                    </li>
                                                                                                        <li>
                                                        <a href="https://im4change.in/hunger-hdi/education-50.html?pgno=13#annual-status-of-education-report-aser-2018">Annual Status of Education Report (ASER) 2018</a>
                                                    </li>
                                                                                                        <li>
                                                        <a href="https://im4change.in/hunger-hdi/education-50.html?pgno=14#aser-2017-beyond-basics-released-in-january-2018">ASER 2017: Beyond Basics (released in January, 2018)</a>
                                                    </li>
                                                                                                        <li>
                                                        <a href="https://im4change.in/hunger-hdi/education-50.html?pgno=15#aser-2016-released-in-january-2017">ASER 2016 (released in January, 2017)</a>
                                                    </li>
                                                                                                        <li>
                                                        <a href="https://im4change.in/hunger-hdi/education-50.html?pgno=16#71st-round-nss-report-key-indicators-of-social-consumption-in-india-education-published-in-june-2015">71st round NSS report: Key Indicators of Social Consumption in India Education (published in June 2015)</a>
                                                    </li>
                                                                                                        <li>
                                                        <a href="https://im4change.in/hunger-hdi/education-50.html?pgno=17#annual-status-of-education-report-2014-released-in-january-2015">Annual Status of Education Report 2014 (released in January 2015)</a>
                                                    </li>
                                                                                                        <li>
                                                        <a href="https://im4change.in/hunger-hdi/education-50.html?pgno=18#11th-unesco-education-for-all-global-monitoring-report-2013-14">11th UNESCO Education for All Global Monitoring Report 2013-14</a>
                                                    </li>
                                                                                                        <li>
                                                        <a href="https://im4change.in/hunger-hdi/education-50.html?pgno=19#aser-2013-report">ASER 2013 report</a>
                                                    </li>
                                                                                                        <li>
                                                        <a href="https://im4change.in/hunger-hdi/education-50.html?pgno=20#nss-report-no-551-66106-titled-status-of-education-and-vocational-training-in-india-66th-round">NSS report no. 551 (66/10/6) titled Status of Education and Vocational Training in India (66th Round)</a>
                                                    </li>
                                                                                                        <li>
                                                        <a href="https://im4change.in/hunger-hdi/education-50.html?pgno=21#annual-status-of-education-report-2012">Annual Status of Education Report 2012</a>
                                                    </li>
                                                                                                        <li>
                                                        <a href="https://im4change.in/hunger-hdi/education-50.html?pgno=22#children-in-india-2012-a-statistical-appraisal">Children in India 2012-A Statistical Appraisal</a>
                                                    </li>
                                                                                                        <li>
                                                        <a href="https://im4change.in/hunger-hdi/education-50.html?pgno=23#annual-status-of-education-report-aser-2011">Annual Status of Education Report (ASER) 2011</a>
                                                    </li>
                                                                                                        <li>
                                                        <a href="https://im4change.in/hunger-hdi/education-50.html?pgno=24#global-education-digest-2011-comparing-education-statistics-across-the-world">Global Education Digest 2011-Comparing Education Statistics Across the World</a>
                                                    </li>
                                                                                                        <li>
                                                        <a href="https://im4change.in/hunger-hdi/education-50.html?pgno=24#annual-status-of-education-report-aser-2010">Annual Status of Education Report (ASER) 2010</a>
                                                    </li>
                                                                                                        <li>
                                                        <a href="https://im4change.in/hunger-hdi/education-50.html?pgno=25#annual-status-of-education-report-2009">Annual Status of Education Report 2009</a>
                                                    </li>
                                                                                                        <li>
                                                        <a href="https://im4change.in/hunger-hdi/education-50.html?pgno=26#education-in-india-2007-08">Education in India: 2007-08</a>
                                                    </li>
                                                                                                        <li>
                                                        <a href="https://im4change.in/hunger-hdi/education-50.html?pgno=27#education-for-all-report-2010">Education for All Report 2010</a>
                                                    </li>
                                                                                                        <li>
                                                        <a href="https://im4change.in/hunger-hdi/education-50.html?pgno=27#secondary-education-in-india-universalizing-opportunity-2009">Secondary Education in India: Universalizing Opportunity (2009)</a>
                                                    </li>
                                                                                                        <li>
                                                        <a href="https://im4change.in/hunger-hdi/education-50.html?pgno=27#annual-status-of-education-report-2008-rural">Annual Status of Education Report 2008 (Rural)</a>
                                                    </li>
                                                                                                        <li>
                                                        <a href="https://im4change.in/hunger-hdi/education-50.html?pgno=27#literacy-and-levels-of-education-in-india-1999-2000-of-the-55th-round-nss">Literacy and Levels of Education in India 1999-2000 of the 55th Round NSS</a>
                                                    </li>
                                                                                                </ul>
                                            <div><a style="display:none" href="javascript:void(0)" id="lesswhatsinsidelink" onClick="javascript:$('#morewhatsinside').hide();$('#morewhatsinsidelink').show();$('#lesswhatsinsidelink').hide();">Less</a></div>
                                                                                    </div>
                                    </div>
                                </div>
                            </div>
                                                    <div>
                            &nbsp;</p><p style="text-align:justify">&nbsp;</p><p style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-family:arial,helvetica,sans-serif">&nbsp; </span></p><p style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-family:arial,helvetica,sans-serif"><span style="font-size:medium">The <a name="annual-status-of-education-report-2009">Annual Status of Education Report 2009</a>,</span><br /><a href="http://www.asercentre.org/asersurvey/aser09/pdfdata/national%20highlights.pdf" title="http://www.asercentre.org/asersurvey/aser09/pdfdata/national%20highlights.pdf">http://www.asercentre.org/asersurvey/aser09/pdfdata/nation<br />al%20highlights.pdf</a><span style="font-size:medium"> show: </span></span></p><p style="text-align:justify"><br /><span style="font-family:arial,helvetica,sans-serif"><span style="font-size:medium"><span style="font-family:arial,helvetica,sans-serif"><u><strong>Fewer girls 11-14 out of school</strong></u></span> </span> </span></p><p style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:medium"><span style="font-family:arial,helvetica,sans-serif">&bull;&nbsp;The overall percentage of children (6-14) who are out of school has dropped from 4.3% in 2008 to 4% in 2009.</span> </span></p><p style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:medium"><span style="font-family:arial,helvetica,sans-serif">&bull;&nbsp;Out of school girls in the age group 11 to 14 has dropped from 7.2% in 2008 to 6.8% in 2009. In terms of a decline in percentage points, this decrease is clearly visible in Chhattisgarh (3.8), Bihar (2.8), Rajasthan (2.6), Orissa (2.1), Jammu and Kashmir (1.9). Other than Meghalaya all other states in the North East also show a drop.</span> </span></p><p style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:medium"><span style="font-family:arial,helvetica,sans-serif">&bull;&nbsp;Andhra Pradesh records an increase in the percentage of 11-14 year old girls out of school from 6.6% in 2008 to 10.8% in 2009. So does Punjab from 4.9% in 2008 to 6.3% in 2009.</span> </span></p><p style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:medium"><span style="font-family:arial,helvetica,sans-serif"><u><strong>Private school enrolment hasn&rsquo;t changed much</strong></u></span> </span></p><p style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:medium"><span style="font-family:arial,helvetica,sans-serif">&bull;&nbsp;Overall, for 6-14 year olds, between 2008 and 2009 there has been a slight decline in the percentage of children enrolled in private school (0.8 percentage points). However, six states show a decline in private school enrolment of more than 5 percentage points. Of these, Punjab which has one of the highest private school enrollments in the country shows the greatest drop (11.3 percentage points).</span> </span></p><p style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:medium"><span style="font-family:arial,helvetica,sans-serif"><u><strong>Half of India&rsquo;s five year olds are enrolled in primary school</strong></u></span> </span></p><p style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:medium"><span style="font-family:arial,helvetica,sans-serif">&bull;&nbsp;In 2009 as in 2008, well over 50% of 5 year olds are enrolled in school.</span> </span></p><p style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:medium"><span style="font-family:arial,helvetica,sans-serif">&bull;&nbsp;Although for the country as a whole, the status of 3 and 4 year olds going to preschool (anganwadi or balwadi) has not changed much since 2008, among the major states Bihar, Orissa, Chhattisgarh and Gujarat record a more than five percentage point increase in the proportion of children going to anganwadi.</span> </span></p><p style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:medium"><span style="font-family:arial,helvetica,sans-serif"><u><strong>Learning levels improving in Std 1</strong></u></span> </span></p><p style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:medium"><span style="font-family:arial,helvetica,sans-serif">&bull;&nbsp;The foundation of children&rsquo;s learning is built in early grades. Overall, the percentage of children in Std 1 who can recognize letters or more has increased from 65.1% in 2008 to 68.8% in 2009. Similarly there is an increase in number recognition, with percentage of children recognizing numbers or more increasing from 65.3% in 2008 to 69.3 in 2009.</span> </span></p><p style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:medium"><span style="font-family:arial,helvetica,sans-serif">&bull;&nbsp;For Std 1 children in government schools in Punjab, Haryana, Rajasthan, Uttar Pradesh, Jharkhand and Orissa there is an increase of 10 percentage points or more as compared to last year in their ability to at least recognize letter and numbers up to 9. In Tamil Nadu and Goa, there is an improvement in both reading and maths of more than 5 percentage points. Similar increases are visible in Uttarakhand and Maharashtra in maths and in Karnataka in letter recognition.</span> </span></p><p style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:medium"><span style="font-family:arial,helvetica,sans-serif"><u><strong>No major improvements in learning levels for children in Std 5 except in Tamil Nadu for reading and in a few states in maths</strong></u></span> </span></p><p style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:medium"><span style="font-family:arial,helvetica,sans-serif">&bull;&nbsp;The all India figure for percentage of all rural children in Std 5 reading text at Std 2 level shows a decline from 56.2% in 2008 to 52.8% in 2009. This means that well over 40% of all rural children in Std 5 in India are at least three grade levels behind.</span> </span></p><p style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:medium"><span style="font-family:arial,helvetica,sans-serif">&bull;&nbsp;In reading, for government school children in Std 5 in Tamil Nadu there is an 8 percentage point increase over 2008 levels. Karnataka and Punjab also show improvements over last year. Hardly any change in other states in reading as compared to 2008.</span> </span></p><p style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:medium"><span style="font-family:arial,helvetica,sans-serif">&bull;&nbsp;In maths, for children in Std 5, for the country as a whole, the ability to do division problems has hardly increased. However 7 states show increases of 5 to 8 percentage points. These states are Himachal Pradesh, Punjab, Assam, West Bengal, Orissa, Andhra Pradesh and Karnataka.</span> </span></p><p style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:medium"><span style="font-family:arial,helvetica,sans-serif"><u><strong>Wide variation in the ability to read and comprehend English across India</strong></u></span> </span></p><p style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:medium"><span style="font-family:arial,helvetica,sans-serif">&bull;&nbsp;The all India numbers indicate that a quarter of all rural children in Std 5 children can read simple sentences. Of those who can read sentences, over 80% can understand the meaning of the sentence.</span> </span></p><p style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:medium"><span style="font-family:arial,helvetica,sans-serif">&bull;&nbsp;By Std 8, 60.2% of all children can read simple sentences. In all the north-eastern states (except Tripura), Goa, Himachal Pradesh and Kerala more than 80% of children in Std 8 can not only read simple sentences fluently but also understand the meaning.</span> </span></p><p style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:medium"><span style="font-family:arial,helvetica,sans-serif"><u><strong>Increase in tuition classes for all children across all grades</strong></u></span> </span></p><p style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:medium"><span style="font-family:arial,helvetica,sans-serif">&bull;&nbsp;Nationally, between 2007 and 2009, the percentage of children taking paid tuition increased for every class, in both government and private schools. Only Kerala and Karnataka show a small but consistent decline in the incidence of tuition across government school children in most classes.</span> </span></p><p style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:medium"><span style="font-family:arial,helvetica,sans-serif">&bull;&nbsp;Among government school children, the percentage going to tuition class increases steadily as children move into higher classes: from 17.1% in Std 1 to 30.8% in Std 8.</span> </span></p><p style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:medium"><span style="font-family:arial,helvetica,sans-serif">&bull;&nbsp;Among children attending private schools, almost a quarter (23.3%) take private tuition from Std 1 onwards. The percentage peaks at 29.8% in Std 4.</span> </span></p><p style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:medium"><span style="font-family:arial,helvetica,sans-serif">&bull;&nbsp;Children in West Bengal are by far the most intensive users of paid private tuition in the country; more than half of all Std 1 and almost 90% of all Std 8 government school children take some kind of paid tuition. The incidence of tuition in Bihar and Orissa is also high, with very large numbers of government school children taking tuition, ranging from about a third in Std 1 to well over half in Std 8.</span> </span></p><p style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:medium"><span style="font-family:arial,helvetica,sans-serif"><u><strong>Children&rsquo;s attendance needs improvement in some states</strong></u></span> </span></p><p style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:medium"><span style="font-family:arial,helvetica,sans-serif">&bull;&nbsp;Comparisons across the three years (2005, 2007 and 2009) indicate that children&rsquo;s attendance in school, as observed on a random day in the school year, varies considerably across states. There are states like Bihar where less than 60% of enrolled children are attending on the day of the visit to southern states where average attendance is well above 90%. In addition, states like Rajasthan, Uttar Pradesh, Jharkhand, Orissa and Madhya Pradesh need to pay more attention to raising attendance in schools. In most states, on the day of the visit, close to 90% of appointed teachers were present in the school.</span> </span></p><p style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:medium"><span style="font-family:arial,helvetica,sans-serif"><u><strong>Multigrade grouping is widespread</strong></u></span> </span></p><p style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:medium"><span style="font-family:arial,helvetica,sans-serif">&bull;&nbsp;In 2007 and 2009, surveyors were asked to observe if Std 2 and Std 4 were grouped and sitting together with any other grade. In both years, the incidence of multi-grade groupings was high. At the all-India level close to 50% children in class 2 and 4 were sitting with other classes.</span> </span></p><p style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:medium"><span style="font-family:arial,helvetica,sans-serif"><u><strong>Increase in useable toilets and improvements in availability of drinking water</strong></u></span> </span></p><p style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:medium"><span style="font-family:arial,helvetica,sans-serif">&bull;&nbsp;All India figures indicate that overall, the percentage of schools with no water or toilet provision is declining over time. Water is available in 75% of government primary schools and 81% of upper primary schools. Useable toilets can be found in over 50% of government schools. Four out of ten government primary schools do not have separate toilets for girls. This number is lower for upper primary schools at 26%. About 12 -15% girls&rsquo; toilets are locked and only about 30 - 40% are useable.</span> </span></p><p style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:medium"><span style="font-family:arial,helvetica,sans-serif"><u><strong>Not all schools received the annual school grants for the last school year</strong></u></span> </span></p><p style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-family:arial,helvetica,sans-serif"><span style="font-family:arial,helvetica,sans-serif; font-size:medium">&bull;&nbsp;There is considerable variation across states for grants received in the last school year. In Nagaland close to 90% of schools visited had received all their annual grants, where as the percentage of visited schools receiving their grants in the 2008-2009 school year was 60% or below in Jharkhand, Orissa and Madhya Pradesh. </span></span></p><p style="text-align:justify">&nbsp;</p><p style="text-align:justify">&nbsp;</p><p style="text-align:justify">&nbsp;</p><p style="text-align:justify">&nbsp;</p><p style="text-align:justify">&nbsp;</p><p style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:medium"><span style="font-family:arial,helvetica,sans-serif"><span style="font-family:arial,helvetica,sans-serif">                                                                    <br>
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&bull; At&nbsp;the&nbsp;national&nbsp;level,&nbsp;the&nbsp;proportion of&nbsp;government schools&nbsp;having facilities like drinking water was 96.39 percent, boys&#39; toilet was 94.64 percent, girls&#39; toilet was 97.03 percent, boundary wall was 60.12 percent, playground was 56.98 percent, ramp was 71.50 percent, CWSN toilet was 19.59 percent,..."/>
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    <h1 class="cat-box-title">Education</h1>
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                                            <h2 style="font-weight: bold; font-size: 13px;">What's Inside</h2>
                                            <ul class="whatsinside">
                                                                                                    <li>
                                                        <a href="https://im4change.in/hunger-hdi/education-50.html?pgno=2#gloom-in-the-classroom-the-schooling-crisis-in-jharkhand-prepared-by-gyan-vigyan-samiti-jharkhand-released-in-december-2022">Gloom in the Classroom: The Schooling Crisis in Jharkhand, prepared by Gyan Vigyan Samiti Jharkhand, released in December 2022</a>
                                                    </li>
                                                                                                        <li>
                                                        <a href="https://im4change.in/hunger-hdi/education-50.html?pgno=3#cries-of-anguish-released-in-march-2022">Cries of Anguish (released in March 2022)</a>
                                                    </li>
                                                                                                        <li>
                                                        <a href="https://im4change.in/hunger-hdi/education-50.html?pgno=3#india-needs-to-learn-a-case-for-keeping-schools-open-released-in-january-2022">India Needs To Learn -- A Case for Keeping Schools Open (released in January 2022)</a>
                                                    </li>
                                                                                                        <li>
                                                        <a href="https://im4change.in/hunger-hdi/education-50.html?pgno=4#state-of-foundational-literacy-and-numeracy-in-india-released-on-16th-december-2021">State of Foundational Literacy and Numeracy in India (released on 16th December, 2021)</a>
                                                    </li>
                                                                                                        <li>
                                                        <a href="https://im4change.in/hunger-hdi/education-50.html?pgno=5#sixteenth-annual-status-of-education-report-rural-2021-released-on-17th-november-2021">Sixteenth Annual Status of Education Report (Rural) 2021 (released on 17th November, 2021)</a>
                                                    </li>
                                                                                                        <li>
                                                        <a href="https://im4change.in/hunger-hdi/education-50.html?pgno=6#a-future-at-stake-ndash-guidelines-and-principles-to-resume-and-renew-education-released-on-2nd-november-2021">A Future at Stake &ndash; Guidelines and Principles to Resume and Renew Education (released on 2nd November, 2021)</a>
                                                    </li>
                                                                                                        <li>
                                                        <a href="https://im4change.in/hunger-hdi/education-50.html?pgno=6#2021-state-of-the-education-report-for-india-no-teacher-no-class-released-in-october-2021">2021 State of the Education Report for India: No Teacher, No Class (released in October, 2021)</a>
                                                    </li>
                                                                                                        <li>
                                                        <a href="https://im4change.in/hunger-hdi/education-50.html?pgno=7#locked-out-emergency-report-on-school-education-released-on-6th-september-2021">Locked Out: Emergency Report on School Education (released on 6th September, 2021)</a>
                                                    </li>
                                                                                                        <li>
                                                        <a href="https://im4change.in/hunger-hdi/education-50.html?pgno=7#rapid-assessment-of-learning-during-school-closures-in-the-context-of-covid-19-released-in-may-2021">Rapid assessment of learning during school closures in the context of COVID-19 (released in May, 2021)</a>
                                                    </li>
                                                                                                        <li>
                                                        <a href="https://im4change.in/hunger-hdi/education-50.html?pgno=8#performance-grading-index-pgi-2019-20-for-states-and-union-territories-released-in-june-2021">Performance Grading Index (PGI) 2019-20 for States and Union Territories (released in June, 2021)</a>
                                                    </li>
                                                                                                </ul>
                                                                                            <div><a href="javascript:void(0)" id="morewhatsinsidelink" onClick="javascript:$('#morewhatsinside').show();$('#morewhatsinsidelink').hide();$('#lesswhatsinsidelink').show();">More</a></div>
                                                                                            <ul class="whatsinside" id="morewhatsinside" style="display:none">
                                                                                                    <li>
                                                        <a href="https://im4change.in/hunger-hdi/education-50.html?pgno=9#covid-19-and-school-closures-one-year-of-education-disruption-released-in-march-2021">COVID-19 and School Closures: One Year of Education Disruption (released in March, 2021)</a>
                                                    </li>
                                                                                                        <li>
                                                        <a href="https://im4change.in/hunger-hdi/education-50.html?pgno=10#aser-2020-wave-1-for-rural-areas-released-in-october-2020">ASER 2020 Wave-1 for rural areas (released in October, 2020)</a>
                                                    </li>
                                                                                                        <li>
                                                        <a href="https://im4change.in/hunger-hdi/education-50.html?pgno=11#broken-slates-and-blank-screens-education-under-lockdown-released-in-september-2020">Broken Slates and Blank Screens: Education Under Lockdown (released in September 2020)</a>
                                                    </li>
                                                                                                        <li>
                                                        <a href="https://im4change.in/hunger-hdi/education-50.html?pgno=11#parliamentary-standing-committee-report-on-demands-for-grants-2020-21-demand-no-58-of-the-department-of-school-education-literacy-presented-to-the-rajya-sabha-on-5th-march-2020">Parliamentary Standing Committee report on Demands for Grants 2020-21 (Demand No. 58) of the Department of School Education &amp; Literacy (presented to the Rajya Sabha on 5th March, 2020)</a>
                                                    </li>
                                                                                                        <li>
                                                        <a href="https://im4change.in/hunger-hdi/education-50.html?pgno=12#spanaser-2019-39early-years39-released-in-january-2020">ASER 2019 &#39;Early Years&#39; (released in January 2020)</a>
                                                    </li>
                                                                                                        <li>
                                                        <a href="https://im4change.in/hunger-hdi/education-50.html?pgno=13#draft-national-education-policy-2019">Draft National Education Policy 2019</a>
                                                    </li>
                                                                                                        <li>
                                                        <a href="https://im4change.in/hunger-hdi/education-50.html?pgno=13#nss-75th-round-report-key-indicators-of-household-social-consumption-on-education-in-india-july-2017-to-june-2018-released-on-23rd-november-2019">NSS 75th Round Report: Key Indicators of Household Social Consumption on Education in India, July 2017 to June 2018 (released on 23rd November 2019)</a>
                                                    </li>
                                                                                                        <li>
                                                        <a href="https://im4change.in/hunger-hdi/education-50.html?pgno=13#annual-status-of-education-report-aser-2018">Annual Status of Education Report (ASER) 2018</a>
                                                    </li>
                                                                                                        <li>
                                                        <a href="https://im4change.in/hunger-hdi/education-50.html?pgno=14#aser-2017-beyond-basics-released-in-january-2018">ASER 2017: Beyond Basics (released in January, 2018)</a>
                                                    </li>
                                                                                                        <li>
                                                        <a href="https://im4change.in/hunger-hdi/education-50.html?pgno=15#aser-2016-released-in-january-2017">ASER 2016 (released in January, 2017)</a>
                                                    </li>
                                                                                                        <li>
                                                        <a href="https://im4change.in/hunger-hdi/education-50.html?pgno=16#71st-round-nss-report-key-indicators-of-social-consumption-in-india-education-published-in-june-2015">71st round NSS report: Key Indicators of Social Consumption in India Education (published in June 2015)</a>
                                                    </li>
                                                                                                        <li>
                                                        <a href="https://im4change.in/hunger-hdi/education-50.html?pgno=17#annual-status-of-education-report-2014-released-in-january-2015">Annual Status of Education Report 2014 (released in January 2015)</a>
                                                    </li>
                                                                                                        <li>
                                                        <a href="https://im4change.in/hunger-hdi/education-50.html?pgno=18#11th-unesco-education-for-all-global-monitoring-report-2013-14">11th UNESCO Education for All Global Monitoring Report 2013-14</a>
                                                    </li>
                                                                                                        <li>
                                                        <a href="https://im4change.in/hunger-hdi/education-50.html?pgno=19#aser-2013-report">ASER 2013 report</a>
                                                    </li>
                                                                                                        <li>
                                                        <a href="https://im4change.in/hunger-hdi/education-50.html?pgno=20#nss-report-no-551-66106-titled-status-of-education-and-vocational-training-in-india-66th-round">NSS report no. 551 (66/10/6) titled Status of Education and Vocational Training in India (66th Round)</a>
                                                    </li>
                                                                                                        <li>
                                                        <a href="https://im4change.in/hunger-hdi/education-50.html?pgno=21#annual-status-of-education-report-2012">Annual Status of Education Report 2012</a>
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                                                                                                        <li>
                                                        <a href="https://im4change.in/hunger-hdi/education-50.html?pgno=22#children-in-india-2012-a-statistical-appraisal">Children in India 2012-A Statistical Appraisal</a>
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                                                        <a href="https://im4change.in/hunger-hdi/education-50.html?pgno=23#annual-status-of-education-report-aser-2011">Annual Status of Education Report (ASER) 2011</a>
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                                                        <a href="https://im4change.in/hunger-hdi/education-50.html?pgno=24#global-education-digest-2011-comparing-education-statistics-across-the-world">Global Education Digest 2011-Comparing Education Statistics Across the World</a>
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                                                        <a href="https://im4change.in/hunger-hdi/education-50.html?pgno=24#annual-status-of-education-report-aser-2010">Annual Status of Education Report (ASER) 2010</a>
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                                                        <a href="https://im4change.in/hunger-hdi/education-50.html?pgno=25#annual-status-of-education-report-2009">Annual Status of Education Report 2009</a>
                                                    </li>
                                                                                                        <li>
                                                        <a href="https://im4change.in/hunger-hdi/education-50.html?pgno=26#education-in-india-2007-08">Education in India: 2007-08</a>
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                                                                                                        <li>
                                                        <a href="https://im4change.in/hunger-hdi/education-50.html?pgno=27#education-for-all-report-2010">Education for All Report 2010</a>
                                                    </li>
                                                                                                        <li>
                                                        <a href="https://im4change.in/hunger-hdi/education-50.html?pgno=27#secondary-education-in-india-universalizing-opportunity-2009">Secondary Education in India: Universalizing Opportunity (2009)</a>
                                                    </li>
                                                                                                        <li>
                                                        <a href="https://im4change.in/hunger-hdi/education-50.html?pgno=27#annual-status-of-education-report-2008-rural">Annual Status of Education Report 2008 (Rural)</a>
                                                    </li>
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                                                        <a href="https://im4change.in/hunger-hdi/education-50.html?pgno=27#literacy-and-levels-of-education-in-india-1999-2000-of-the-55th-round-nss">Literacy and Levels of Education in India 1999-2000 of the 55th Round NSS</a>
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                            &nbsp;</p><p style="text-align:justify">&nbsp;</p><p style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-family:arial,helvetica,sans-serif">&nbsp; </span></p><p style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-family:arial,helvetica,sans-serif"><span style="font-size:medium">The <a name="annual-status-of-education-report-2009">Annual Status of Education Report 2009</a>,</span><br /><a href="http://www.asercentre.org/asersurvey/aser09/pdfdata/national%20highlights.pdf" title="http://www.asercentre.org/asersurvey/aser09/pdfdata/national%20highlights.pdf">http://www.asercentre.org/asersurvey/aser09/pdfdata/nation<br />al%20highlights.pdf</a><span style="font-size:medium"> show: </span></span></p><p style="text-align:justify"><br /><span style="font-family:arial,helvetica,sans-serif"><span style="font-size:medium"><span style="font-family:arial,helvetica,sans-serif"><u><strong>Fewer girls 11-14 out of school</strong></u></span> </span> </span></p><p style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:medium"><span style="font-family:arial,helvetica,sans-serif">&bull;&nbsp;The overall percentage of children (6-14) who are out of school has dropped from 4.3% in 2008 to 4% in 2009.</span> </span></p><p style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:medium"><span style="font-family:arial,helvetica,sans-serif">&bull;&nbsp;Out of school girls in the age group 11 to 14 has dropped from 7.2% in 2008 to 6.8% in 2009. In terms of a decline in percentage points, this decrease is clearly visible in Chhattisgarh (3.8), Bihar (2.8), Rajasthan (2.6), Orissa (2.1), Jammu and Kashmir (1.9). Other than Meghalaya all other states in the North East also show a drop.</span> </span></p><p style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:medium"><span style="font-family:arial,helvetica,sans-serif">&bull;&nbsp;Andhra Pradesh records an increase in the percentage of 11-14 year old girls out of school from 6.6% in 2008 to 10.8% in 2009. So does Punjab from 4.9% in 2008 to 6.3% in 2009.</span> </span></p><p style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:medium"><span style="font-family:arial,helvetica,sans-serif"><u><strong>Private school enrolment hasn&rsquo;t changed much</strong></u></span> </span></p><p style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:medium"><span style="font-family:arial,helvetica,sans-serif">&bull;&nbsp;Overall, for 6-14 year olds, between 2008 and 2009 there has been a slight decline in the percentage of children enrolled in private school (0.8 percentage points). However, six states show a decline in private school enrolment of more than 5 percentage points. Of these, Punjab which has one of the highest private school enrollments in the country shows the greatest drop (11.3 percentage points).</span> </span></p><p style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:medium"><span style="font-family:arial,helvetica,sans-serif"><u><strong>Half of India&rsquo;s five year olds are enrolled in primary school</strong></u></span> </span></p><p style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:medium"><span style="font-family:arial,helvetica,sans-serif">&bull;&nbsp;In 2009 as in 2008, well over 50% of 5 year olds are enrolled in school.</span> </span></p><p style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:medium"><span style="font-family:arial,helvetica,sans-serif">&bull;&nbsp;Although for the country as a whole, the status of 3 and 4 year olds going to preschool (anganwadi or balwadi) has not changed much since 2008, among the major states Bihar, Orissa, Chhattisgarh and Gujarat record a more than five percentage point increase in the proportion of children going to anganwadi.</span> </span></p><p style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:medium"><span style="font-family:arial,helvetica,sans-serif"><u><strong>Learning levels improving in Std 1</strong></u></span> </span></p><p style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:medium"><span style="font-family:arial,helvetica,sans-serif">&bull;&nbsp;The foundation of children&rsquo;s learning is built in early grades. Overall, the percentage of children in Std 1 who can recognize letters or more has increased from 65.1% in 2008 to 68.8% in 2009. Similarly there is an increase in number recognition, with percentage of children recognizing numbers or more increasing from 65.3% in 2008 to 69.3 in 2009.</span> </span></p><p style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:medium"><span style="font-family:arial,helvetica,sans-serif">&bull;&nbsp;For Std 1 children in government schools in Punjab, Haryana, Rajasthan, Uttar Pradesh, Jharkhand and Orissa there is an increase of 10 percentage points or more as compared to last year in their ability to at least recognize letter and numbers up to 9. In Tamil Nadu and Goa, there is an improvement in both reading and maths of more than 5 percentage points. Similar increases are visible in Uttarakhand and Maharashtra in maths and in Karnataka in letter recognition.</span> </span></p><p style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:medium"><span style="font-family:arial,helvetica,sans-serif"><u><strong>No major improvements in learning levels for children in Std 5 except in Tamil Nadu for reading and in a few states in maths</strong></u></span> </span></p><p style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:medium"><span style="font-family:arial,helvetica,sans-serif">&bull;&nbsp;The all India figure for percentage of all rural children in Std 5 reading text at Std 2 level shows a decline from 56.2% in 2008 to 52.8% in 2009. This means that well over 40% of all rural children in Std 5 in India are at least three grade levels behind.</span> </span></p><p style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:medium"><span style="font-family:arial,helvetica,sans-serif">&bull;&nbsp;In reading, for government school children in Std 5 in Tamil Nadu there is an 8 percentage point increase over 2008 levels. Karnataka and Punjab also show improvements over last year. Hardly any change in other states in reading as compared to 2008.</span> </span></p><p style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:medium"><span style="font-family:arial,helvetica,sans-serif">&bull;&nbsp;In maths, for children in Std 5, for the country as a whole, the ability to do division problems has hardly increased. However 7 states show increases of 5 to 8 percentage points. These states are Himachal Pradesh, Punjab, Assam, West Bengal, Orissa, Andhra Pradesh and Karnataka.</span> </span></p><p style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:medium"><span style="font-family:arial,helvetica,sans-serif"><u><strong>Wide variation in the ability to read and comprehend English across India</strong></u></span> </span></p><p style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:medium"><span style="font-family:arial,helvetica,sans-serif">&bull;&nbsp;The all India numbers indicate that a quarter of all rural children in Std 5 children can read simple sentences. Of those who can read sentences, over 80% can understand the meaning of the sentence.</span> </span></p><p style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:medium"><span style="font-family:arial,helvetica,sans-serif">&bull;&nbsp;By Std 8, 60.2% of all children can read simple sentences. In all the north-eastern states (except Tripura), Goa, Himachal Pradesh and Kerala more than 80% of children in Std 8 can not only read simple sentences fluently but also understand the meaning.</span> </span></p><p style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:medium"><span style="font-family:arial,helvetica,sans-serif"><u><strong>Increase in tuition classes for all children across all grades</strong></u></span> </span></p><p style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:medium"><span style="font-family:arial,helvetica,sans-serif">&bull;&nbsp;Nationally, between 2007 and 2009, the percentage of children taking paid tuition increased for every class, in both government and private schools. Only Kerala and Karnataka show a small but consistent decline in the incidence of tuition across government school children in most classes.</span> </span></p><p style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:medium"><span style="font-family:arial,helvetica,sans-serif">&bull;&nbsp;Among government school children, the percentage going to tuition class increases steadily as children move into higher classes: from 17.1% in Std 1 to 30.8% in Std 8.</span> </span></p><p style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:medium"><span style="font-family:arial,helvetica,sans-serif">&bull;&nbsp;Among children attending private schools, almost a quarter (23.3%) take private tuition from Std 1 onwards. The percentage peaks at 29.8% in Std 4.</span> </span></p><p style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:medium"><span style="font-family:arial,helvetica,sans-serif">&bull;&nbsp;Children in West Bengal are by far the most intensive users of paid private tuition in the country; more than half of all Std 1 and almost 90% of all Std 8 government school children take some kind of paid tuition. The incidence of tuition in Bihar and Orissa is also high, with very large numbers of government school children taking tuition, ranging from about a third in Std 1 to well over half in Std 8.</span> </span></p><p style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:medium"><span style="font-family:arial,helvetica,sans-serif"><u><strong>Children&rsquo;s attendance needs improvement in some states</strong></u></span> </span></p><p style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:medium"><span style="font-family:arial,helvetica,sans-serif">&bull;&nbsp;Comparisons across the three years (2005, 2007 and 2009) indicate that children&rsquo;s attendance in school, as observed on a random day in the school year, varies considerably across states. There are states like Bihar where less than 60% of enrolled children are attending on the day of the visit to southern states where average attendance is well above 90%. In addition, states like Rajasthan, Uttar Pradesh, Jharkhand, Orissa and Madhya Pradesh need to pay more attention to raising attendance in schools. In most states, on the day of the visit, close to 90% of appointed teachers were present in the school.</span> </span></p><p style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:medium"><span style="font-family:arial,helvetica,sans-serif"><u><strong>Multigrade grouping is widespread</strong></u></span> </span></p><p style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:medium"><span style="font-family:arial,helvetica,sans-serif">&bull;&nbsp;In 2007 and 2009, surveyors were asked to observe if Std 2 and Std 4 were grouped and sitting together with any other grade. In both years, the incidence of multi-grade groupings was high. At the all-India level close to 50% children in class 2 and 4 were sitting with other classes.</span> </span></p><p style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:medium"><span style="font-family:arial,helvetica,sans-serif"><u><strong>Increase in useable toilets and improvements in availability of drinking water</strong></u></span> </span></p><p style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:medium"><span style="font-family:arial,helvetica,sans-serif">&bull;&nbsp;All India figures indicate that overall, the percentage of schools with no water or toilet provision is declining over time. Water is available in 75% of government primary schools and 81% of upper primary schools. Useable toilets can be found in over 50% of government schools. Four out of ten government primary schools do not have separate toilets for girls. This number is lower for upper primary schools at 26%. About 12 -15% girls&rsquo; toilets are locked and only about 30 - 40% are useable.</span> </span></p><p style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:medium"><span style="font-family:arial,helvetica,sans-serif"><u><strong>Not all schools received the annual school grants for the last school year</strong></u></span> </span></p><p style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-family:arial,helvetica,sans-serif"><span style="font-family:arial,helvetica,sans-serif; font-size:medium">&bull;&nbsp;There is considerable variation across states for grants received in the last school year. In Nagaland close to 90% of schools visited had received all their annual grants, where as the percentage of visited schools receiving their grants in the 2008-2009 school year was 60% or below in Jharkhand, Orissa and Madhya Pradesh. </span></span></p><p style="text-align:justify">&nbsp;</p><p style="text-align:justify">&nbsp;</p><p style="text-align:justify">&nbsp;</p><p style="text-align:justify">&nbsp;</p><p style="text-align:justify">&nbsp;</p><p style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:medium"><span style="font-family:arial,helvetica,sans-serif"><span style="font-family:arial,helvetica,sans-serif">                                                                    <br>
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Home हिन्दी

Education

What's Inside Gloom in the Classroom: The Schooling Crisis in Jharkhand, prepared by Gyan Vigyan Samiti Jharkhand, released in December 2022 Cries of Anguish (released in March 2022) India Needs To Learn -- A Case for Keeping Schools Open (released in January 2022) State of Foundational Literacy and Numeracy in India (released on 16th December, 2021) Sixteenth Annual Status of Education Report (Rural) 2021 (released on 17th November, 2021) A Future at Stake – Guidelines and Principles to Resume and Renew Education (released on 2nd November, 2021) 2021 State of the Education Report for India: No Teacher, No Class (released in October, 2021) Locked Out: Emergency Report on School Education (released on 6th September, 2021) Rapid assessment of learning during school closures in the context of COVID-19 (released in May, 2021) Performance Grading Index (PGI) 2019-20 for States and Union Territories (released in June, 2021) More COVID-19 and School Closures: One Year of Education Disruption (released in March, 2021) ASER 2020 Wave-1 for rural areas (released in October, 2020) Broken Slates and Blank Screens: Education Under Lockdown (released in September 2020) Parliamentary Standing Committee report on Demands for Grants 2020-21 (Demand No. 58) of the Department of School Education & Literacy (presented to the Rajya Sabha on 5th March, 2020) ASER 2019 'Early Years' (released in January 2020) Draft National Education Policy 2019 NSS 75th Round Report: Key Indicators of Household Social Consumption on Education in India, July 2017 to June 2018 (released on 23rd November 2019) Annual Status of Education Report (ASER) 2018 ASER 2017: Beyond Basics (released in January, 2018) ASER 2016 (released in January, 2017) 71st round NSS report: Key Indicators of Social Consumption in India Education (published in June 2015) Annual Status of Education Report 2014 (released in January 2015) 11th UNESCO Education for All Global Monitoring Report 2013-14 ASER 2013 report NSS report no. 551 (66/10/6) titled Status of Education and Vocational Training in India (66th Round) Annual Status of Education Report 2012 Children in India 2012-A Statistical Appraisal Annual Status of Education Report (ASER) 2011 Global Education Digest 2011-Comparing Education Statistics Across the World Annual Status of Education Report (ASER) 2010 Annual Status of Education Report 2009 Education in India: 2007-08 Education for All Report 2010 Secondary Education in India: Universalizing Opportunity (2009) Annual Status of Education Report 2008 (Rural) Literacy and Levels of Education in India 1999-2000 of the 55th Round NSS Less       The Annual Status of Education Report 2009, http://www.asercentre.org/asersurvey/aser09/pdfdata/nation al%20highlights.pdf show: Fewer girls 11-14 out of school • The overall percentage of children (6-14) who are out of school has dropped from 4.3% in 2008 to 4% in 2009. • Out of school girls in the age group 11 to 14 has dropped from 7.2% in 2008 to 6.8% in 2009. In terms of a decline in percentage points, this decrease is clearly visible in Chhattisgarh (3.8), Bihar (2.8), Rajasthan (2.6), Orissa (2.1), Jammu and Kashmir (1.9). Other than Meghalaya all other states in the North East also show a drop. • Andhra Pradesh records an increase in the percentage of 11-14 year old girls out of school from 6.6% in 2008 to 10.8% in 2009. So does Punjab from 4.9% in 2008 to 6.3% in 2009. Private school enrolment hasn’t changed much • Overall, for 6-14 year olds, between 2008 and 2009 there has been a slight decline in the percentage of children enrolled in private school (0.8 percentage points). However, six states show a decline in private school enrolment of more than 5 percentage points. Of these, Punjab which has one of the highest private school enrollments in the country shows the greatest drop (11.3 percentage points). Half of India’s five year olds are enrolled in primary school • In 2009 as in 2008, well over 50% of 5 year olds are enrolled in school. • Although for the country as a whole, the status of 3 and 4 year olds going to preschool (anganwadi or balwadi) has not changed much since 2008, among the major states Bihar, Orissa, Chhattisgarh and Gujarat record a more than five percentage point increase in the proportion of children going to anganwadi. Learning levels improving in Std 1 • The foundation of children’s learning is built in early grades. Overall, the percentage of children in Std 1 who can recognize letters or more has increased from 65.1% in 2008 to 68.8% in 2009. Similarly there is an increase in number recognition, with percentage of children recognizing numbers or more increasing from 65.3% in 2008 to 69.3 in 2009. • For Std 1 children in government schools in Punjab, Haryana, Rajasthan, Uttar Pradesh, Jharkhand and Orissa there is an increase of 10 percentage points or more as compared to last year in their ability to at least recognize letter and numbers up to 9. In Tamil Nadu and Goa, there is an improvement in both reading and maths of more than 5 percentage points. Similar increases are visible in Uttarakhand and Maharashtra in maths and in Karnataka in letter recognition. No major improvements in learning levels for children in Std 5 except in Tamil Nadu for reading and in a few states in maths • The all India figure for percentage of all rural children in Std 5 reading text at Std 2 level shows a decline from 56.2% in 2008 to 52.8% in 2009. This means that well over 40% of all rural children in Std 5 in India are at least three grade levels behind. • In reading, for government school children in Std 5 in Tamil Nadu there is an 8 percentage point increase over 2008 levels. Karnataka and Punjab also show improvements over last year. Hardly any change in other states in reading as compared to 2008. • In maths, for children in Std 5, for the country as a whole, the ability to do division problems has hardly increased. However 7 states show increases of 5 to 8 percentage points. These states are Himachal Pradesh, Punjab, Assam, West Bengal, Orissa, Andhra Pradesh and Karnataka. Wide variation in the ability to read and comprehend English across India • The all India numbers indicate that a quarter of all rural children in Std 5 children can read simple sentences. Of those who can read sentences, over 80% can understand the meaning of the sentence. • By Std 8, 60.2% of all children can read simple sentences. In all the north-eastern states (except Tripura), Goa, Himachal Pradesh and Kerala more than 80% of children in Std 8 can not only read simple sentences fluently but also understand the meaning. Increase in tuition classes for all children across all grades • Nationally, between 2007 and 2009, the percentage of children taking paid tuition increased for every class, in both government and private schools. Only Kerala and Karnataka show a small but consistent decline in the incidence of tuition across government school children in most classes. • Among government school children, the percentage going to tuition class increases steadily as children move into higher classes: from 17.1% in Std 1 to 30.8% in Std 8. • Among children attending private schools, almost a quarter (23.3%) take private tuition from Std 1 onwards. The percentage peaks at 29.8% in Std 4. • Children in West Bengal are by far the most intensive users of paid private tuition in the country; more than half of all Std 1 and almost 90% of all Std 8 government school children take some kind of paid tuition. The incidence of tuition in Bihar and Orissa is also high, with very large numbers of government school children taking tuition, ranging from about a third in Std 1 to well over half in Std 8. Children’s attendance needs improvement in some states • Comparisons across the three years (2005, 2007 and 2009) indicate that children’s attendance in school, as observed on a random day in the school year, varies considerably across states. There are states like Bihar where less than 60% of enrolled children are attending on the day of the visit to southern states where average attendance is well above 90%. In addition, states like Rajasthan, Uttar Pradesh, Jharkhand, Orissa and Madhya Pradesh need to pay more attention to raising attendance in schools. In most states, on the day of the visit, close to 90% of appointed teachers were present in the school. Multigrade grouping is widespread • In 2007 and 2009, surveyors were asked to observe if Std 2 and Std 4 were grouped and sitting together with any other grade. In both years, the incidence of multi-grade groupings was high. At the all-India level close to 50% children in class 2 and 4 were sitting with other classes. Increase in useable toilets and improvements in availability of drinking water • All India figures indicate that overall, the percentage of schools with no water or toilet provision is declining over time. Water is available in 75% of government primary schools and 81% of upper primary schools. Useable toilets can be found in over 50% of government schools. Four out of ten government primary schools do not have separate toilets for girls. This number is lower for upper primary schools at 26%. About 12 -15% girls’ toilets are locked and only about 30 - 40% are useable. Not all schools received the annual school grants for the last school year • There is considerable variation across states for grants received in the last school year. In Nagaland close to 90% of schools visited had received all their annual grants, where as the percentage of visited schools receiving their grants in the 2008-2009 school year was 60% or below in Jharkhand, Orissa and Madhya Pradesh.           « previous12345678910111213141516171819202122232425262728next »

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