Deprecated (16384): The ArrayAccess methods will be removed in 4.0.0.Use getParam(), getData() and getQuery() instead. - /home/brlfuser/public_html/src/Controller/ArtileDetailController.php, line: 150
 You can disable deprecation warnings by setting `Error.errorLevel` to `E_ALL & ~E_USER_DEPRECATED` in your config/app.php. [CORE/src/Core/functions.php, line 311]
Code Context


        trigger_error($message, E_USER_DEPRECATED);

    }
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 You can disable deprecation warnings by setting `Error.errorLevel` to `E_ALL & ~E_USER_DEPRECATED` in your config/app.php.'
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deprecationWarning - CORE/src/Core/functions.php, line 311
Cake\Http\ServerRequest::offsetGet() - CORE/src/Http/ServerRequest.php, line 2421
App\Controller\ArtileDetailController::index() - APP/Controller/ArtileDetailController.php, line 150
Cake\Controller\Controller::invokeAction() - CORE/src/Controller/Controller.php, line 610
Cake\Http\ActionDispatcher::_invoke() - CORE/src/Http/ActionDispatcher.php, line 120
Cake\Http\ActionDispatcher::dispatch() - CORE/src/Http/ActionDispatcher.php, line 94
Cake\Http\BaseApplication::__invoke() - CORE/src/Http/BaseApplication.php, line 235
Cake\Http\Runner::__invoke() - CORE/src/Http/Runner.php, line 65
Cake\Routing\Middleware\RoutingMiddleware::__invoke() - CORE/src/Routing/Middleware/RoutingMiddleware.php, line 162
Cake\Http\Runner::__invoke() - CORE/src/Http/Runner.php, line 65
Cake\Routing\Middleware\AssetMiddleware::__invoke() - CORE/src/Routing/Middleware/AssetMiddleware.php, line 97
Cake\Http\Runner::__invoke() - CORE/src/Http/Runner.php, line 65
Cake\Error\Middleware\ErrorHandlerMiddleware::__invoke() - CORE/src/Error/Middleware/ErrorHandlerMiddleware.php, line 96
Cake\Http\Runner::__invoke() - CORE/src/Http/Runner.php, line 65
Cake\Http\Runner::run() - CORE/src/Http/Runner.php, line 51
Cake\Http\Server::run() - CORE/src/Http/Server.php, line 98

Deprecated (16384): The ArrayAccess methods will be removed in 4.0.0.Use getParam(), getData() and getQuery() instead. - /home/brlfuser/public_html/src/Controller/ArtileDetailController.php, line: 151
 You can disable deprecation warnings by setting `Error.errorLevel` to `E_ALL & ~E_USER_DEPRECATED` in your config/app.php. [CORE/src/Core/functions.php, line 311]
Code Context


        trigger_error($message, E_USER_DEPRECATED);

    }
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 You can disable deprecation warnings by setting `Error.errorLevel` to `E_ALL & ~E_USER_DEPRECATED` in your config/app.php.'
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deprecationWarning - CORE/src/Core/functions.php, line 311
Cake\Http\ServerRequest::offsetGet() - CORE/src/Http/ServerRequest.php, line 2421
App\Controller\ArtileDetailController::index() - APP/Controller/ArtileDetailController.php, line 151
Cake\Controller\Controller::invokeAction() - CORE/src/Controller/Controller.php, line 610
Cake\Http\ActionDispatcher::_invoke() - CORE/src/Http/ActionDispatcher.php, line 120
Cake\Http\ActionDispatcher::dispatch() - CORE/src/Http/ActionDispatcher.php, line 94
Cake\Http\BaseApplication::__invoke() - CORE/src/Http/BaseApplication.php, line 235
Cake\Http\Runner::__invoke() - CORE/src/Http/Runner.php, line 65
Cake\Routing\Middleware\RoutingMiddleware::__invoke() - CORE/src/Routing/Middleware/RoutingMiddleware.php, line 162
Cake\Http\Runner::__invoke() - CORE/src/Http/Runner.php, line 65
Cake\Routing\Middleware\AssetMiddleware::__invoke() - CORE/src/Routing/Middleware/AssetMiddleware.php, line 97
Cake\Http\Runner::__invoke() - CORE/src/Http/Runner.php, line 65
Cake\Error\Middleware\ErrorHandlerMiddleware::__invoke() - CORE/src/Error/Middleware/ErrorHandlerMiddleware.php, line 96
Cake\Http\Runner::__invoke() - CORE/src/Http/Runner.php, line 65
Cake\Http\Runner::run() - CORE/src/Http/Runner.php, line 51
Cake\Http\Server::run() - CORE/src/Http/Server.php, line 98

Warning (512): Unable to emit headers. Headers sent in file=/home/brlfuser/public_html/vendor/cakephp/cakephp/src/Error/Debugger.php line=853 [CORE/src/Http/ResponseEmitter.php, line 48]
Code Context
            if (Configure::read('debug')) {

                trigger_error($message, E_USER_WARNING);

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<!--[if lt IE 7 ]>
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        Environment | Time Bomb Ticking    </title>
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&bull; Extreme&nbsp;temperature&nbsp;shocks&nbsp;reduce&nbsp;farmer incomes&nbsp;by 4.3 percent and 4.1 percent during kharif and rabi respectively, whereas extreme rainfall shocks reduce incomes by 13.7 percent and 5.5 percent *&amp;&nbsp;

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&bull; It is estimated that to cover 50 percent (5 million ha) of the..."/>
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&bull; Extreme&nbsp;temperature&nbsp;shocks&nbsp;reduce&nbsp;farmer incomes&nbsp;by 4.3 percent and 4.1 percent during kharif and rabi respectively, whereas extreme rainfall shocks reduce incomes by 13.7 percent and 5.5 percent *&amp;&nbsp;

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&bull; It is estimated that to cover 50 percent (5 million ha) of the..." />
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                                            <h2 style="font-weight: bold; font-size: 13px;">What's Inside</h2>
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                                                        <a href="https://im4change.in/environment/time-bomb-ticking-52.html?pgno=2#counting-the-cost-2022-a-year-of-climate-breakdown-published-in-december-2022">Counting The Cost 2022: A year of climate breakdown, published in December 2022</a>
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                                                        <a href="https://im4change.in/environment/time-bomb-ticking-52.html?pgno=2#global-ev-outlook-2022-securing-supplies-for-an-electric-future">Global EV Outlook 2022: Securing supplies for an electric future</a>
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                                                        <a href="https://im4change.in/environment/time-bomb-ticking-52.html?pgno=3#wmo-state-of-the-global-climate-in-2021-report-released-in-may-2022">WMO State of the Global Climate in 2021 report (released in May, 2022)</a>
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                                                        <a href="https://im4change.in/environment/time-bomb-ticking-52.html?pgno=3#drought-in-numbers-2022-restoration-for-readiness-and-resilience-released-in-may-2022">Drought in Numbers 2022: Restoration for Readiness and Resilience (released in May, 2022)</a>
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                                                        <a href="https://im4change.in/environment/time-bomb-ticking-52.html?pgno=4#climate-change-2022-mitigation-of-climate-change-released-on-april-4-2022">Climate Change 2022: Mitigation of Climate Change (released on April 4, 2022)</a>
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                                                        <a href="https://im4change.in/environment/time-bomb-ticking-52.html?pgno=4#climate-change-2022-impacts-adaptation-and-vulnerability-released-on-february-28-2022">Climate Change 2022: Impacts, Adaptation and Vulnerability (released on February 28, 2022)</a>
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                                                        <a href="https://im4change.in/environment/time-bomb-ticking-52.html?pgno=4#climate-change-2021-the-physical-science-basis-released-on-august-9-2021">Climate Change 2021: The Physical Science Basis (released on August 9, 2021)</a>
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                                                        <a href="https://im4change.in/environment/time-bomb-ticking-52.html?pgno=4#25-87-million-hectares-released-in-february-2022">25.87 Million Hectares (released in February, 2022)</a>
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                                                        <a href="https://im4change.in/environment/time-bomb-ticking-52.html?pgno=4#india-state-of-forest-report-2021-released-in-january-2022">India State of Forest Report 2021 (released in January 2022)</a>
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                                                        <a href="https://im4change.in/environment/time-bomb-ticking-52.html?pgno=5#press-release-by-intergovernmental-panel-on-climatenbspchange-ipcc-dated-9th-august-2021">Press release by Intergovernmental Panel on Climate&nbsp;Change (IPCC) dated 9th August, 2021</a>
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                                                        <a href="https://im4change.in/environment/time-bomb-ticking-52.html?pgno=5#climate-nbspchange-nbsp2021-the-physical-science-basis">Climate &nbsp;Change &nbsp;2021: The Physical Science Basis</a>
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                                                        <a href="https://im4change.in/environment/time-bomb-ticking-52.html?pgno=5#press-release-by-centre-for-science-and-environment-dated-9th-august-2021">Press release by Centre for Science and Environment dated 9th August, 2021</a>
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                                                        <a href="https://im4change.in/environment/time-bomb-ticking-52.html?pgno=6#the-costs-of-climate-change-in-india-a-review-of-the-climate-related-risks-facing-india-and-their-economic-and-social-costs-released-in-june-2021">The costs of climate change in India: A review of the climate-related risks facing India, and their economic and social costs (released in June 2021)</a>
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                                                        <a href="https://im4change.in/environment/time-bomb-ticking-52.html?pgno=7#india39s-third-biennial-update-report-to-the-united-nations-framework-convention-on-climate-change-released-in-february-2021">India&#39;s Third Biennial Update Report to the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (released in February 2021)</a>
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                                                        <a href="https://im4change.in/environment/time-bomb-ticking-52.html?pgno=8#state-of-rural-and-agrarian-india-report-2020-released-on-30th-november-2020">State of Rural and Agrarian India Report 2020 (released on 30th November, 2020)</a>
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                                                        <a href="https://im4change.in/environment/time-bomb-ticking-52.html?pgno=8#annual-report-2019-20-of-the-reserve-bank-of-india-released-in-august-2020">Annual Report 2019-20 of the Reserve Bank of India (released in August, 2020)</a>
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                                                        <a href="https://im4change.in/environment/time-bomb-ticking-52.html?pgno=9#assessment-of-climate-change-over-the-indian-region-released-in-june-2020">Assessment of climate change over the Indian region (released in June 2020)</a>
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                                                        <a href="https://im4change.in/environment/time-bomb-ticking-52.html?pgno=10#economic-survey-2017-18-volume-1-released-in-january-2018">Economic Survey 2017-18, Volume-1 (released in January, 2018)</a>
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                                                        <a href="https://im4change.in/environment/time-bomb-ticking-52.html?pgno=11#innovative-viable-solution-to-rice-residue-burning-in-rice-wheat-cropping-system-through-concurrent-use-of-super-straw-management-system-fitted-combines-and-turbo-happy-seeder-october-2017">Innovative Viable Solution to Rice Residue Burning in Rice-Wheat Cropping System through Concurrent Use of Super Straw Management System-fitted Combines and Turbo Happy Seeder (October, 2017)</a>
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                                                        <a href="https://im4change.in/environment/time-bomb-ticking-52.html?pgno=12#statistics-related-to-climate-change-india-2015-prepared-by-the-ministry-of-statistics-and-programme-implementation">Statistics Related to Climate Change-India 2015, prepared by the Ministry of Statistics and Programme Implementation</a>
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                                                        <a href="https://im4change.in/environment/time-bomb-ticking-52.html?pgno=13#saarc-india-country-report-2015-statistical-appraisal">SAARC-India Country Report 2015: Statistical Appraisal</a>
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                                                        <a href="https://im4change.in/environment/time-bomb-ticking-52.html?pgno=14#4-degree-turn-down-the-heat-climate-extremes-regional-impacts-and-the-case-for-resilience-2013-the-world-bank">4-degree Turn down the Heat: Climate Extremes, Regional Impacts, and the Case for Resilience (2013), The World Bank</a>
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                                                        <a href="https://im4change.in/environment/time-bomb-ticking-52.html?pgno=15#gajah-securing-the-future-for-elephants-in-india">Gajah: Securing the Future for Elephants in India</a>
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                                                        <a href="https://im4change.in/environment/time-bomb-ticking-52.html?pgno=16#compendium-of-environment-statistics-india-2008-2009">Compendium of Environment Statistics India 2008-2009</a>
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                                                        <a href="https://im4change.in/environment/time-bomb-ticking-52.html?pgno=16#report-of-the-committee-to-evolve-road-map-on-management-of-wastes-in-india">Report of the Committee to Evolve Road Map on Management of Wastes in India</a>
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                                                        <a href="https://im4change.in/environment/time-bomb-ticking-52.html?pgno=16#the-state-of-world-population-2009-unfpa">The State of World Population 2009 (UNFPA)</a>
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                                                        <a href="https://im4change.in/environment/time-bomb-ticking-52.html?pgno=17#state-of-environment-report-india-2009">State of Environment Report India 2009</a>
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                                                        <a href="https://im4change.in/environment/time-bomb-ticking-52.html?pgno=18#climate-change-indiarsquos-perceptions-positions-policies-and-possibilities">Climate Change: India&rsquo;s Perceptions, Positions, Policies and Possibilities</a>
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                                                        <a href="https://im4change.in/environment/time-bomb-ticking-52.html?pgno=18#climate-change-sustainable-development-and-india-global-and-national-concerns">Climate change, sustainable development and India: Global and national concerns</a>
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                            <em>&nbsp;</em></span></p><p style="text-align:justify"><em><span style="font-family:arial,helvetica,sans-serif; font-size:medium">According to the Ministry of Environment, Government of India </span><a href="http://envfor.nic.in/cc/diduknow.htm" title="http://envfor.nic.in/cc/diduknow.htm">http://envfor.nic.in/cc/diduknow.htm</a></em><span style="font-family:arial,helvetica,sans-serif; font-size:medium">:</span></p><p style="text-align:justify">&nbsp;</p><p style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-family:Arial; font-size:medium">&iuml;&fnof;&tilde;&nbsp;A 1-metre rise in sea level would displace about 7 million people in India</span></p><p style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-family:Arial; font-size:medium">&iuml;&fnof;&tilde;&nbsp;Fossil fuel burning has contributed to most of the greenhouse gas emissions in the past 20 years.</span></p><p style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-family:Arial; font-size:medium">&iuml;&fnof;&tilde;&nbsp;The decade of the 1990s was the warmest, and 1998 was the warmest year on record, since 1861</span></p><p style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-family:Arial; font-size:medium">&iuml;&fnof;&tilde;&nbsp;The population of ice-dependent penguin species in the Western Antarctic Peninsula has decreased by 20&nbsp;</span>percent<span style="font-family:Arial; font-size:medium"> over the last 25 years</span></p><p style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-family:Arial; font-size:medium">&iuml;&fnof;&tilde;&nbsp;Projections for the 21st century indicate that the earth&#39;s average temperature will rise by anything between 1.4 and 5.8&ordm;C</span></p><p style="text-align:justify">&nbsp;</p><p style="text-align:justify">&nbsp;</p><p style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-family:arial,helvetica,sans-serif; font-size:medium">According to <a name="climate-change-indiarsquos-perceptions-positions-policies-and-possibilities">Climate Change: India&rsquo;s Perceptions, Positions, Policies and Possibilities</a> by Parikh, Jyoti K. and Parikh, Kirit (2002), OECD,</span><br /><a href="http://www.oecd.org/dataoecd/22/16/1934784.pdf" title="http://www.oecd.org/dataoecd/22/16/1934784.pdf">http://www.oecd.org/dataoecd/22/16/1934784.pdf</a>:</p><p style="text-align:justify">&nbsp;</p><p style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-family:Arial; font-size:medium">&bull;&nbsp;Climate change would result in large-scale emigration from coastal zones due to submergence of coastlines after sea levels have risen. This will create large numbers of environmental refugees especially from low-lying delta regions in poor countries. Furthermore, intrusion of sea-water in the ground water and changes in temperature can reduce agricultural and fishing incomes.</span></p><p style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-family:Arial; font-size:medium">&bull;&nbsp;India would face yield losses in rice and wheat along with fall in the rate of growth of gross domestic product owing to climate change. </span></p><p style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-family:Arial; font-size:medium">&bull;&nbsp;Increased occurrence of extreme events (such as cyclones) due to climate change will mostly affect the poor. One must remember here the cyclone of 1996 that hit Andhra Pradesh.</span></p><p style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-family:Arial; font-size:medium">&bull;&nbsp;The power sector is responsible for the highest direct emissions of CO2 in India (42%), followed by iron and steel, road, railways and air transport, and coal. the power sector is permitted to use natural gas. Coal-based fertiliser plants no longer function and coal use in railways is almost phased out.</span></p><p style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-family:Arial; font-size:medium">&bull;&nbsp;When carbon is traded, what developing countries like India gain would depend on whether the market is competitive, whether futures markets exist, or whether the carbon is bilaterally traded in a project-by-project basis, as is envisaged under CDM.</span></p><p style="text-align:justify">&nbsp;</p><p style="text-align:justify">&nbsp;</p><p style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-family:arial,helvetica,sans-serif; font-size:medium">According to the <a name="climate-change-sustainable-development-and-india-global-and-national-concerns">Climate change, sustainable development and India: Global and national concerns</a> by Jayant Sathaye , PR Shukla&nbsp; and NH Ravindranath, Current Science, Vol. 90, No. 3, 10 February 2006 </span><a href="http://www.iisc.ernet.in/currsci/feb102006/314.pdf" title="http://www.iisc.ernet.in/currsci/feb102006/314.pdf">http://www.iisc.ernet.in/currsci/feb102006/314.pdf</a><span style="font-family:arial,helvetica,sans-serif; font-size:medium"> </span></p><p style="text-align:justify">&nbsp;</p><div style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-family:arial,helvetica,sans-serif; font-size:medium">The latest high-resolution climate change scenarios and projections for India, based on Regional Climate Modelling (RCM) system, known as PRECIS developed by Hadley Center and applied for India using IPCC scenarios A2 and B2 shows the following: </span><span style="font-family:arial,helvetica,sans-serif; font-size:medium"> </span></div><p style="text-align:justify">&nbsp;</p><p style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-family:arial,helvetica,sans-serif; font-size:medium">a. An annual mean surface temperature rise by the end of century, ranging from 3 to 5C under A2 scenario and 2.5 to 4C under B2 scenario, with warming more pronounced in the northern parts of India; </span></p><p style="text-align:justify">b. A 20&nbsp;percent rise in all India summer monsoon rainfall and further rise in rainfall is projected over all states except Punjab, Rajasthan and Tamil Nadu, which show a slight decrease.&nbsp;&nbsp;</p><p style="text-align:justify">c. Extremes in maximum and minimum temperatures are also expected to increase and similarly extreme precipitation also shows substantial increases, particularly over the west coast of India and west central India.</p>                                                                    <br>
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&bull; Extreme&nbsp;temperature&nbsp;shocks&nbsp;reduce&nbsp;farmer incomes&nbsp;by 4.3 percent and 4.1 percent during kharif and rabi respectively, whereas extreme rainfall shocks reduce incomes by 13.7 percent and 5.5 percent *&amp;&nbsp;

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                                                        <a href="https://im4change.in/environment/time-bomb-ticking-52.html?pgno=2#counting-the-cost-2022-a-year-of-climate-breakdown-published-in-december-2022">Counting The Cost 2022: A year of climate breakdown, published in December 2022</a>
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                                                        <a href="https://im4change.in/environment/time-bomb-ticking-52.html?pgno=2#global-ev-outlook-2022-securing-supplies-for-an-electric-future">Global EV Outlook 2022: Securing supplies for an electric future</a>
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                                                        <a href="https://im4change.in/environment/time-bomb-ticking-52.html?pgno=3#wmo-state-of-the-global-climate-in-2021-report-released-in-may-2022">WMO State of the Global Climate in 2021 report (released in May, 2022)</a>
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                                                        <a href="https://im4change.in/environment/time-bomb-ticking-52.html?pgno=3#drought-in-numbers-2022-restoration-for-readiness-and-resilience-released-in-may-2022">Drought in Numbers 2022: Restoration for Readiness and Resilience (released in May, 2022)</a>
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                            <em>&nbsp;</em></span></p><p style="text-align:justify"><em><span style="font-family:arial,helvetica,sans-serif; font-size:medium">According to the Ministry of Environment, Government of India </span><a href="http://envfor.nic.in/cc/diduknow.htm" title="http://envfor.nic.in/cc/diduknow.htm">http://envfor.nic.in/cc/diduknow.htm</a></em><span style="font-family:arial,helvetica,sans-serif; font-size:medium">:</span></p><p style="text-align:justify">&nbsp;</p><p style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-family:Arial; font-size:medium">&iuml;&fnof;&tilde;&nbsp;A 1-metre rise in sea level would displace about 7 million people in India</span></p><p style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-family:Arial; font-size:medium">&iuml;&fnof;&tilde;&nbsp;Fossil fuel burning has contributed to most of the greenhouse gas emissions in the past 20 years.</span></p><p style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-family:Arial; font-size:medium">&iuml;&fnof;&tilde;&nbsp;The decade of the 1990s was the warmest, and 1998 was the warmest year on record, since 1861</span></p><p style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-family:Arial; font-size:medium">&iuml;&fnof;&tilde;&nbsp;The population of ice-dependent penguin species in the Western Antarctic Peninsula has decreased by 20&nbsp;</span>percent<span style="font-family:Arial; font-size:medium"> over the last 25 years</span></p><p style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-family:Arial; font-size:medium">&iuml;&fnof;&tilde;&nbsp;Projections for the 21st century indicate that the earth&#39;s average temperature will rise by anything between 1.4 and 5.8&ordm;C</span></p><p style="text-align:justify">&nbsp;</p><p style="text-align:justify">&nbsp;</p><p style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-family:arial,helvetica,sans-serif; font-size:medium">According to <a name="climate-change-indiarsquos-perceptions-positions-policies-and-possibilities">Climate Change: India&rsquo;s Perceptions, Positions, Policies and Possibilities</a> by Parikh, Jyoti K. and Parikh, Kirit (2002), OECD,</span><br /><a href="http://www.oecd.org/dataoecd/22/16/1934784.pdf" title="http://www.oecd.org/dataoecd/22/16/1934784.pdf">http://www.oecd.org/dataoecd/22/16/1934784.pdf</a>:</p><p style="text-align:justify">&nbsp;</p><p style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-family:Arial; font-size:medium">&bull;&nbsp;Climate change would result in large-scale emigration from coastal zones due to submergence of coastlines after sea levels have risen. This will create large numbers of environmental refugees especially from low-lying delta regions in poor countries. Furthermore, intrusion of sea-water in the ground water and changes in temperature can reduce agricultural and fishing incomes.</span></p><p style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-family:Arial; font-size:medium">&bull;&nbsp;India would face yield losses in rice and wheat along with fall in the rate of growth of gross domestic product owing to climate change. </span></p><p style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-family:Arial; font-size:medium">&bull;&nbsp;Increased occurrence of extreme events (such as cyclones) due to climate change will mostly affect the poor. One must remember here the cyclone of 1996 that hit Andhra Pradesh.</span></p><p style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-family:Arial; font-size:medium">&bull;&nbsp;The power sector is responsible for the highest direct emissions of CO2 in India (42%), followed by iron and steel, road, railways and air transport, and coal. the power sector is permitted to use natural gas. Coal-based fertiliser plants no longer function and coal use in railways is almost phased out.</span></p><p style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-family:Arial; font-size:medium">&bull;&nbsp;When carbon is traded, what developing countries like India gain would depend on whether the market is competitive, whether futures markets exist, or whether the carbon is bilaterally traded in a project-by-project basis, as is envisaged under CDM.</span></p><p style="text-align:justify">&nbsp;</p><p style="text-align:justify">&nbsp;</p><p style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-family:arial,helvetica,sans-serif; font-size:medium">According to the <a name="climate-change-sustainable-development-and-india-global-and-national-concerns">Climate change, sustainable development and India: Global and national concerns</a> by Jayant Sathaye , PR Shukla&nbsp; and NH Ravindranath, Current Science, Vol. 90, No. 3, 10 February 2006 </span><a href="http://www.iisc.ernet.in/currsci/feb102006/314.pdf" title="http://www.iisc.ernet.in/currsci/feb102006/314.pdf">http://www.iisc.ernet.in/currsci/feb102006/314.pdf</a><span style="font-family:arial,helvetica,sans-serif; font-size:medium"> </span></p><p style="text-align:justify">&nbsp;</p><div style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-family:arial,helvetica,sans-serif; font-size:medium">The latest high-resolution climate change scenarios and projections for India, based on Regional Climate Modelling (RCM) system, known as PRECIS developed by Hadley Center and applied for India using IPCC scenarios A2 and B2 shows the following: </span><span style="font-family:arial,helvetica,sans-serif; font-size:medium"> </span></div><p style="text-align:justify">&nbsp;</p><p style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-family:arial,helvetica,sans-serif; font-size:medium">a. An annual mean surface temperature rise by the end of century, ranging from 3 to 5C under A2 scenario and 2.5 to 4C under B2 scenario, with warming more pronounced in the northern parts of India; </span></p><p style="text-align:justify">b. A 20&nbsp;percent rise in all India summer monsoon rainfall and further rise in rainfall is projected over all states except Punjab, Rajasthan and Tamil Nadu, which show a slight decrease.&nbsp;&nbsp;</p><p style="text-align:justify">c. Extremes in maximum and minimum temperatures are also expected to increase and similarly extreme precipitation also shows substantial increases, particularly over the west coast of India and west central India.</p>                                                                    <br>
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&bull; Extreme&nbsp;temperature&nbsp;shocks&nbsp;reduce&nbsp;farmer incomes&nbsp;by 4.3 percent and 4.1 percent during kharif and rabi respectively, whereas extreme rainfall shocks reduce incomes by 13.7 percent and 5.5 percent *&amp;&nbsp;

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&bull; Extreme&nbsp;temperature&nbsp;shocks&nbsp;reduce&nbsp;farmer incomes&nbsp;by 4.3 percent and 4.1 percent during kharif and rabi respectively, whereas extreme rainfall shocks reduce incomes by 13.7 percent and 5.5 percent *&amp;&nbsp;

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    <h1 class="cat-box-title">Time Bomb Ticking</h1>
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                                            <h2 style="font-weight: bold; font-size: 13px;">What's Inside</h2>
                                            <ul class="whatsinside">
                                                                                                    <li>
                                                        <a href="https://im4change.in/environment/time-bomb-ticking-52.html?pgno=2#counting-the-cost-2022-a-year-of-climate-breakdown-published-in-december-2022">Counting The Cost 2022: A year of climate breakdown, published in December 2022</a>
                                                    </li>
                                                                                                        <li>
                                                        <a href="https://im4change.in/environment/time-bomb-ticking-52.html?pgno=2#global-ev-outlook-2022-securing-supplies-for-an-electric-future">Global EV Outlook 2022: Securing supplies for an electric future</a>
                                                    </li>
                                                                                                        <li>
                                                        <a href="https://im4change.in/environment/time-bomb-ticking-52.html?pgno=3#wmo-state-of-the-global-climate-in-2021-report-released-in-may-2022">WMO State of the Global Climate in 2021 report (released in May, 2022)</a>
                                                    </li>
                                                                                                        <li>
                                                        <a href="https://im4change.in/environment/time-bomb-ticking-52.html?pgno=3#drought-in-numbers-2022-restoration-for-readiness-and-resilience-released-in-may-2022">Drought in Numbers 2022: Restoration for Readiness and Resilience (released in May, 2022)</a>
                                                    </li>
                                                                                                        <li>
                                                        <a href="https://im4change.in/environment/time-bomb-ticking-52.html?pgno=4#climate-change-2022-mitigation-of-climate-change-released-on-april-4-2022">Climate Change 2022: Mitigation of Climate Change (released on April 4, 2022)</a>
                                                    </li>
                                                                                                        <li>
                                                        <a href="https://im4change.in/environment/time-bomb-ticking-52.html?pgno=4#climate-change-2022-impacts-adaptation-and-vulnerability-released-on-february-28-2022">Climate Change 2022: Impacts, Adaptation and Vulnerability (released on February 28, 2022)</a>
                                                    </li>
                                                                                                        <li>
                                                        <a href="https://im4change.in/environment/time-bomb-ticking-52.html?pgno=4#climate-change-2021-the-physical-science-basis-released-on-august-9-2021">Climate Change 2021: The Physical Science Basis (released on August 9, 2021)</a>
                                                    </li>
                                                                                                        <li>
                                                        <a href="https://im4change.in/environment/time-bomb-ticking-52.html?pgno=4#25-87-million-hectares-released-in-february-2022">25.87 Million Hectares (released in February, 2022)</a>
                                                    </li>
                                                                                                        <li>
                                                        <a href="https://im4change.in/environment/time-bomb-ticking-52.html?pgno=4#india-state-of-forest-report-2021-released-in-january-2022">India State of Forest Report 2021 (released in January 2022)</a>
                                                    </li>
                                                                                                        <li>
                                                        <a href="https://im4change.in/environment/time-bomb-ticking-52.html?pgno=5#press-release-by-intergovernmental-panel-on-climatenbspchange-ipcc-dated-9th-august-2021">Press release by Intergovernmental Panel on Climate&nbsp;Change (IPCC) dated 9th August, 2021</a>
                                                    </li>
                                                                                                </ul>
                                                                                            <div><a href="javascript:void(0)" id="morewhatsinsidelink" onClick="javascript:$('#morewhatsinside').show();$('#morewhatsinsidelink').hide();$('#lesswhatsinsidelink').show();">More</a></div>
                                                                                            <ul class="whatsinside" id="morewhatsinside" style="display:none">
                                                                                                    <li>
                                                        <a href="https://im4change.in/environment/time-bomb-ticking-52.html?pgno=5#climate-nbspchange-nbsp2021-the-physical-science-basis">Climate &nbsp;Change &nbsp;2021: The Physical Science Basis</a>
                                                    </li>
                                                                                                        <li>
                                                        <a href="https://im4change.in/environment/time-bomb-ticking-52.html?pgno=5#press-release-by-centre-for-science-and-environment-dated-9th-august-2021">Press release by Centre for Science and Environment dated 9th August, 2021</a>
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                            <em>&nbsp;</em></span></p><p style="text-align:justify"><em><span style="font-family:arial,helvetica,sans-serif; font-size:medium">According to the Ministry of Environment, Government of India </span><a href="http://envfor.nic.in/cc/diduknow.htm" title="http://envfor.nic.in/cc/diduknow.htm">http://envfor.nic.in/cc/diduknow.htm</a></em><span style="font-family:arial,helvetica,sans-serif; font-size:medium">:</span></p><p style="text-align:justify">&nbsp;</p><p style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-family:Arial; font-size:medium">&iuml;&fnof;&tilde;&nbsp;A 1-metre rise in sea level would displace about 7 million people in India</span></p><p style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-family:Arial; font-size:medium">&iuml;&fnof;&tilde;&nbsp;Fossil fuel burning has contributed to most of the greenhouse gas emissions in the past 20 years.</span></p><p style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-family:Arial; font-size:medium">&iuml;&fnof;&tilde;&nbsp;The decade of the 1990s was the warmest, and 1998 was the warmest year on record, since 1861</span></p><p style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-family:Arial; font-size:medium">&iuml;&fnof;&tilde;&nbsp;The population of ice-dependent penguin species in the Western Antarctic Peninsula has decreased by 20&nbsp;</span>percent<span style="font-family:Arial; font-size:medium"> over the last 25 years</span></p><p style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-family:Arial; font-size:medium">&iuml;&fnof;&tilde;&nbsp;Projections for the 21st century indicate that the earth&#39;s average temperature will rise by anything between 1.4 and 5.8&ordm;C</span></p><p style="text-align:justify">&nbsp;</p><p style="text-align:justify">&nbsp;</p><p style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-family:arial,helvetica,sans-serif; font-size:medium">According to <a name="climate-change-indiarsquos-perceptions-positions-policies-and-possibilities">Climate Change: India&rsquo;s Perceptions, Positions, Policies and Possibilities</a> by Parikh, Jyoti K. and Parikh, Kirit (2002), OECD,</span><br /><a href="http://www.oecd.org/dataoecd/22/16/1934784.pdf" title="http://www.oecd.org/dataoecd/22/16/1934784.pdf">http://www.oecd.org/dataoecd/22/16/1934784.pdf</a>:</p><p style="text-align:justify">&nbsp;</p><p style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-family:Arial; font-size:medium">&bull;&nbsp;Climate change would result in large-scale emigration from coastal zones due to submergence of coastlines after sea levels have risen. This will create large numbers of environmental refugees especially from low-lying delta regions in poor countries. Furthermore, intrusion of sea-water in the ground water and changes in temperature can reduce agricultural and fishing incomes.</span></p><p style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-family:Arial; font-size:medium">&bull;&nbsp;India would face yield losses in rice and wheat along with fall in the rate of growth of gross domestic product owing to climate change. </span></p><p style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-family:Arial; font-size:medium">&bull;&nbsp;Increased occurrence of extreme events (such as cyclones) due to climate change will mostly affect the poor. One must remember here the cyclone of 1996 that hit Andhra Pradesh.</span></p><p style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-family:Arial; font-size:medium">&bull;&nbsp;The power sector is responsible for the highest direct emissions of CO2 in India (42%), followed by iron and steel, road, railways and air transport, and coal. the power sector is permitted to use natural gas. Coal-based fertiliser plants no longer function and coal use in railways is almost phased out.</span></p><p style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-family:Arial; font-size:medium">&bull;&nbsp;When carbon is traded, what developing countries like India gain would depend on whether the market is competitive, whether futures markets exist, or whether the carbon is bilaterally traded in a project-by-project basis, as is envisaged under CDM.</span></p><p style="text-align:justify">&nbsp;</p><p style="text-align:justify">&nbsp;</p><p style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-family:arial,helvetica,sans-serif; font-size:medium">According to the <a name="climate-change-sustainable-development-and-india-global-and-national-concerns">Climate change, sustainable development and India: Global and national concerns</a> by Jayant Sathaye , PR Shukla&nbsp; and NH Ravindranath, Current Science, Vol. 90, No. 3, 10 February 2006 </span><a href="http://www.iisc.ernet.in/currsci/feb102006/314.pdf" title="http://www.iisc.ernet.in/currsci/feb102006/314.pdf">http://www.iisc.ernet.in/currsci/feb102006/314.pdf</a><span style="font-family:arial,helvetica,sans-serif; font-size:medium"> </span></p><p style="text-align:justify">&nbsp;</p><div style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-family:arial,helvetica,sans-serif; font-size:medium">The latest high-resolution climate change scenarios and projections for India, based on Regional Climate Modelling (RCM) system, known as PRECIS developed by Hadley Center and applied for India using IPCC scenarios A2 and B2 shows the following: </span><span style="font-family:arial,helvetica,sans-serif; font-size:medium"> </span></div><p style="text-align:justify">&nbsp;</p><p style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-family:arial,helvetica,sans-serif; font-size:medium">a. An annual mean surface temperature rise by the end of century, ranging from 3 to 5C under A2 scenario and 2.5 to 4C under B2 scenario, with warming more pronounced in the northern parts of India; </span></p><p style="text-align:justify">b. A 20&nbsp;percent rise in all India summer monsoon rainfall and further rise in rainfall is projected over all states except Punjab, Rajasthan and Tamil Nadu, which show a slight decrease.&nbsp;&nbsp;</p><p style="text-align:justify">c. Extremes in maximum and minimum temperatures are also expected to increase and similarly extreme precipitation also shows substantial increases, particularly over the west coast of India and west central India.</p>                                                                    <br>
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Time Bomb Ticking

What's Inside Counting The Cost 2022: A year of climate breakdown, published in December 2022 Global EV Outlook 2022: Securing supplies for an electric future WMO State of the Global Climate in 2021 report (released in May, 2022) Drought in Numbers 2022: Restoration for Readiness and Resilience (released in May, 2022) Climate Change 2022: Mitigation of Climate Change (released on April 4, 2022) Climate Change 2022: Impacts, Adaptation and Vulnerability (released on February 28, 2022) Climate Change 2021: The Physical Science Basis (released on August 9, 2021) 25.87 Million Hectares (released in February, 2022) India State of Forest Report 2021 (released in January 2022) Press release by Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) dated 9th August, 2021 More Climate  Change  2021: The Physical Science Basis Press release by Centre for Science and Environment dated 9th August, 2021 The costs of climate change in India: A review of the climate-related risks facing India, and their economic and social costs (released in June 2021) India's Third Biennial Update Report to the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (released in February 2021) State of Rural and Agrarian India Report 2020 (released on 30th November, 2020) Annual Report 2019-20 of the Reserve Bank of India (released in August, 2020) Assessment of climate change over the Indian region (released in June 2020) Economic Survey 2017-18, Volume-1 (released in January, 2018) Innovative Viable Solution to Rice Residue Burning in Rice-Wheat Cropping System through Concurrent Use of Super Straw Management System-fitted Combines and Turbo Happy Seeder (October, 2017) Statistics Related to Climate Change-India 2015, prepared by the Ministry of Statistics and Programme Implementation SAARC-India Country Report 2015: Statistical Appraisal 4-degree Turn down the Heat: Climate Extremes, Regional Impacts, and the Case for Resilience (2013), The World Bank Gajah: Securing the Future for Elephants in India Compendium of Environment Statistics India 2008-2009 Report of the Committee to Evolve Road Map on Management of Wastes in India The State of World Population 2009 (UNFPA) State of Environment Report India 2009 Climate Change: India’s Perceptions, Positions, Policies and Possibilities Climate change, sustainable development and India: Global and national concerns Less   According to the Ministry of Environment, Government of India http://envfor.nic.in/cc/diduknow.htm:    A 1-metre rise in sea level would displace about 7 million people in India  Fossil fuel burning has contributed to most of the greenhouse gas emissions in the past 20 years.  The decade of the 1990s was the warmest, and 1998 was the warmest year on record, since 1861  The population of ice-dependent penguin species in the Western Antarctic Peninsula has decreased by 20 percent over the last 25 years  Projections for the 21st century indicate that the earth's average temperature will rise by anything between 1.4 and 5.8ºC     According to Climate Change: India’s Perceptions, Positions, Policies and Possibilities by Parikh, Jyoti K. and Parikh, Kirit (2002), OECD, http://www.oecd.org/dataoecd/22/16/1934784.pdf:   • Climate change would result in large-scale emigration from coastal zones due to submergence of coastlines after sea levels have risen. This will create large numbers of environmental refugees especially from low-lying delta regions in poor countries. Furthermore, intrusion of sea-water in the ground water and changes in temperature can reduce agricultural and fishing incomes. • India would face yield losses in rice and wheat along with fall in the rate of growth of gross domestic product owing to climate change. • Increased occurrence of extreme events (such as cyclones) due to climate change will mostly affect the poor. One must remember here the cyclone of 1996 that hit Andhra Pradesh. • The power sector is responsible for the highest direct emissions of CO2 in India (42%), followed by iron and steel, road, railways and air transport, and coal. the power sector is permitted to use natural gas. Coal-based fertiliser plants no longer function and coal use in railways is almost phased out. • When carbon is traded, what developing countries like India gain would depend on whether the market is competitive, whether futures markets exist, or whether the carbon is bilaterally traded in a project-by-project basis, as is envisaged under CDM.     According to the Climate change, sustainable development and India: Global and national concerns by Jayant Sathaye , PR Shukla  and NH Ravindranath, Current Science, Vol. 90, No. 3, 10 February 2006 http://www.iisc.ernet.in/currsci/feb102006/314.pdf   The latest high-resolution climate change scenarios and projections for India, based on Regional Climate Modelling (RCM) system, known as PRECIS developed by Hadley Center and applied for India using IPCC scenarios A2 and B2 shows the following:   a. An annual mean surface temperature rise by the end of century, ranging from 3 to 5C under A2 scenario and 2.5 to 4C under B2 scenario, with warming more pronounced in the northern parts of India; b. A 20 percent rise in all India summer monsoon rainfall and further rise in rainfall is projected over all states except Punjab, Rajasthan and Tamil Nadu, which show a slight decrease.   c. Extremes in maximum and minimum temperatures are also expected to increase and similarly extreme precipitation also shows substantial increases, particularly over the west coast of India and west central India. « previous123456789101112131415161718next »

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