Deprecated (16384): The ArrayAccess methods will be removed in 4.0.0.Use getParam(), getData() and getQuery() instead. - /home/brlfuser/public_html/src/Controller/ArtileDetailController.php, line: 150
 You can disable deprecation warnings by setting `Error.errorLevel` to `E_ALL & ~E_USER_DEPRECATED` in your config/app.php. [CORE/src/Core/functions.php, line 311]
Code Context


        trigger_error($message, E_USER_DEPRECATED);

    }
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 You can disable deprecation warnings by setting `Error.errorLevel` to `E_ALL & ~E_USER_DEPRECATED` in your config/app.php.'
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deprecationWarning - CORE/src/Core/functions.php, line 311
Cake\Http\ServerRequest::offsetGet() - CORE/src/Http/ServerRequest.php, line 2421
App\Controller\ArtileDetailController::index() - APP/Controller/ArtileDetailController.php, line 150
Cake\Controller\Controller::invokeAction() - CORE/src/Controller/Controller.php, line 610
Cake\Http\ActionDispatcher::_invoke() - CORE/src/Http/ActionDispatcher.php, line 120
Cake\Http\ActionDispatcher::dispatch() - CORE/src/Http/ActionDispatcher.php, line 94
Cake\Http\BaseApplication::__invoke() - CORE/src/Http/BaseApplication.php, line 235
Cake\Http\Runner::__invoke() - CORE/src/Http/Runner.php, line 65
Cake\Routing\Middleware\RoutingMiddleware::__invoke() - CORE/src/Routing/Middleware/RoutingMiddleware.php, line 162
Cake\Http\Runner::__invoke() - CORE/src/Http/Runner.php, line 65
Cake\Routing\Middleware\AssetMiddleware::__invoke() - CORE/src/Routing/Middleware/AssetMiddleware.php, line 97
Cake\Http\Runner::__invoke() - CORE/src/Http/Runner.php, line 65
Cake\Error\Middleware\ErrorHandlerMiddleware::__invoke() - CORE/src/Error/Middleware/ErrorHandlerMiddleware.php, line 96
Cake\Http\Runner::__invoke() - CORE/src/Http/Runner.php, line 65
Cake\Http\Runner::run() - CORE/src/Http/Runner.php, line 51
Cake\Http\Server::run() - CORE/src/Http/Server.php, line 98

Deprecated (16384): The ArrayAccess methods will be removed in 4.0.0.Use getParam(), getData() and getQuery() instead. - /home/brlfuser/public_html/src/Controller/ArtileDetailController.php, line: 151
 You can disable deprecation warnings by setting `Error.errorLevel` to `E_ALL & ~E_USER_DEPRECATED` in your config/app.php. [CORE/src/Core/functions.php, line 311]
Code Context


        trigger_error($message, E_USER_DEPRECATED);

    }
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 You can disable deprecation warnings by setting `Error.errorLevel` to `E_ALL & ~E_USER_DEPRECATED` in your config/app.php.'
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deprecationWarning - CORE/src/Core/functions.php, line 311
Cake\Http\ServerRequest::offsetGet() - CORE/src/Http/ServerRequest.php, line 2421
App\Controller\ArtileDetailController::index() - APP/Controller/ArtileDetailController.php, line 151
Cake\Controller\Controller::invokeAction() - CORE/src/Controller/Controller.php, line 610
Cake\Http\ActionDispatcher::_invoke() - CORE/src/Http/ActionDispatcher.php, line 120
Cake\Http\ActionDispatcher::dispatch() - CORE/src/Http/ActionDispatcher.php, line 94
Cake\Http\BaseApplication::__invoke() - CORE/src/Http/BaseApplication.php, line 235
Cake\Http\Runner::__invoke() - CORE/src/Http/Runner.php, line 65
Cake\Routing\Middleware\RoutingMiddleware::__invoke() - CORE/src/Routing/Middleware/RoutingMiddleware.php, line 162
Cake\Http\Runner::__invoke() - CORE/src/Http/Runner.php, line 65
Cake\Routing\Middleware\AssetMiddleware::__invoke() - CORE/src/Routing/Middleware/AssetMiddleware.php, line 97
Cake\Http\Runner::__invoke() - CORE/src/Http/Runner.php, line 65
Cake\Error\Middleware\ErrorHandlerMiddleware::__invoke() - CORE/src/Error/Middleware/ErrorHandlerMiddleware.php, line 96
Cake\Http\Runner::__invoke() - CORE/src/Http/Runner.php, line 65
Cake\Http\Runner::run() - CORE/src/Http/Runner.php, line 51
Cake\Http\Server::run() - CORE/src/Http/Server.php, line 98

Warning (512): Unable to emit headers. Headers sent in file=/home/brlfuser/public_html/vendor/cakephp/cakephp/src/Error/Debugger.php line=853 [CORE/src/Http/ResponseEmitter.php, line 48]
Code Context
            if (Configure::read('debug')) {

                trigger_error($message, E_USER_WARNING);

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<!--[if lt IE 7 ]>
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        Environment | Time Bomb Ticking    </title>
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&bull; Extreme&nbsp;temperature&nbsp;shocks&nbsp;reduce&nbsp;farmer incomes&nbsp;by 4.3 percent and 4.1 percent during kharif and rabi respectively, whereas extreme rainfall shocks reduce incomes by 13.7 percent and 5.5 percent *&amp;&nbsp;

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&bull; It is estimated that to cover 50 percent (5 million ha) of the..."/>
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&bull; Extreme&nbsp;temperature&nbsp;shocks&nbsp;reduce&nbsp;farmer incomes&nbsp;by 4.3 percent and 4.1 percent during kharif and rabi respectively, whereas extreme rainfall shocks reduce incomes by 13.7 percent and 5.5 percent *&amp;&nbsp;

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&bull; It is estimated that to cover 50 percent (5 million ha) of the..." />
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                                            <h2 style="font-weight: bold; font-size: 13px;">What's Inside</h2>
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                                                        <a href="https://im4change.in/environment/time-bomb-ticking-52.html?pgno=2#counting-the-cost-2022-a-year-of-climate-breakdown-published-in-december-2022">Counting The Cost 2022: A year of climate breakdown, published in December 2022</a>
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                                                        <a href="https://im4change.in/environment/time-bomb-ticking-52.html?pgno=2#global-ev-outlook-2022-securing-supplies-for-an-electric-future">Global EV Outlook 2022: Securing supplies for an electric future</a>
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                                                        <a href="https://im4change.in/environment/time-bomb-ticking-52.html?pgno=3#wmo-state-of-the-global-climate-in-2021-report-released-in-may-2022">WMO State of the Global Climate in 2021 report (released in May, 2022)</a>
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                                                        <a href="https://im4change.in/environment/time-bomb-ticking-52.html?pgno=3#drought-in-numbers-2022-restoration-for-readiness-and-resilience-released-in-may-2022">Drought in Numbers 2022: Restoration for Readiness and Resilience (released in May, 2022)</a>
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                                                        <a href="https://im4change.in/environment/time-bomb-ticking-52.html?pgno=4#climate-change-2022-mitigation-of-climate-change-released-on-april-4-2022">Climate Change 2022: Mitigation of Climate Change (released on April 4, 2022)</a>
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                                                        <a href="https://im4change.in/environment/time-bomb-ticking-52.html?pgno=4#climate-change-2022-impacts-adaptation-and-vulnerability-released-on-february-28-2022">Climate Change 2022: Impacts, Adaptation and Vulnerability (released on February 28, 2022)</a>
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                                                        <a href="https://im4change.in/environment/time-bomb-ticking-52.html?pgno=4#climate-change-2021-the-physical-science-basis-released-on-august-9-2021">Climate Change 2021: The Physical Science Basis (released on August 9, 2021)</a>
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                                                        <a href="https://im4change.in/environment/time-bomb-ticking-52.html?pgno=4#25-87-million-hectares-released-in-february-2022">25.87 Million Hectares (released in February, 2022)</a>
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                                                        <a href="https://im4change.in/environment/time-bomb-ticking-52.html?pgno=4#india-state-of-forest-report-2021-released-in-january-2022">India State of Forest Report 2021 (released in January 2022)</a>
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                                                        <a href="https://im4change.in/environment/time-bomb-ticking-52.html?pgno=5#press-release-by-intergovernmental-panel-on-climatenbspchange-ipcc-dated-9th-august-2021">Press release by Intergovernmental Panel on Climate&nbsp;Change (IPCC) dated 9th August, 2021</a>
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                                                                                            <div><a href="javascript:void(0)" id="morewhatsinsidelink" onClick="javascript:$('#morewhatsinside').show();$('#morewhatsinsidelink').hide();$('#lesswhatsinsidelink').show();">More</a></div>
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                                                        <a href="https://im4change.in/environment/time-bomb-ticking-52.html?pgno=5#climate-nbspchange-nbsp2021-the-physical-science-basis">Climate &nbsp;Change &nbsp;2021: The Physical Science Basis</a>
                                                    </li>
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                                                        <a href="https://im4change.in/environment/time-bomb-ticking-52.html?pgno=5#press-release-by-centre-for-science-and-environment-dated-9th-august-2021">Press release by Centre for Science and Environment dated 9th August, 2021</a>
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                                                        <a href="https://im4change.in/environment/time-bomb-ticking-52.html?pgno=6#the-costs-of-climate-change-in-india-a-review-of-the-climate-related-risks-facing-india-and-their-economic-and-social-costs-released-in-june-2021">The costs of climate change in India: A review of the climate-related risks facing India, and their economic and social costs (released in June 2021)</a>
                                                    </li>
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                                                        <a href="https://im4change.in/environment/time-bomb-ticking-52.html?pgno=7#india39s-third-biennial-update-report-to-the-united-nations-framework-convention-on-climate-change-released-in-february-2021">India&#39;s Third Biennial Update Report to the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (released in February 2021)</a>
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                                                        <a href="https://im4change.in/environment/time-bomb-ticking-52.html?pgno=8#state-of-rural-and-agrarian-india-report-2020-released-on-30th-november-2020">State of Rural and Agrarian India Report 2020 (released on 30th November, 2020)</a>
                                                    </li>
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                                                        <a href="https://im4change.in/environment/time-bomb-ticking-52.html?pgno=8#annual-report-2019-20-of-the-reserve-bank-of-india-released-in-august-2020">Annual Report 2019-20 of the Reserve Bank of India (released in August, 2020)</a>
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                                                        <a href="https://im4change.in/environment/time-bomb-ticking-52.html?pgno=9#assessment-of-climate-change-over-the-indian-region-released-in-june-2020">Assessment of climate change over the Indian region (released in June 2020)</a>
                                                    </li>
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                                                        <a href="https://im4change.in/environment/time-bomb-ticking-52.html?pgno=10#economic-survey-2017-18-volume-1-released-in-january-2018">Economic Survey 2017-18, Volume-1 (released in January, 2018)</a>
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                                                        <a href="https://im4change.in/environment/time-bomb-ticking-52.html?pgno=11#innovative-viable-solution-to-rice-residue-burning-in-rice-wheat-cropping-system-through-concurrent-use-of-super-straw-management-system-fitted-combines-and-turbo-happy-seeder-october-2017">Innovative Viable Solution to Rice Residue Burning in Rice-Wheat Cropping System through Concurrent Use of Super Straw Management System-fitted Combines and Turbo Happy Seeder (October, 2017)</a>
                                                    </li>
                                                                                                        <li>
                                                        <a href="https://im4change.in/environment/time-bomb-ticking-52.html?pgno=12#statistics-related-to-climate-change-india-2015-prepared-by-the-ministry-of-statistics-and-programme-implementation">Statistics Related to Climate Change-India 2015, prepared by the Ministry of Statistics and Programme Implementation</a>
                                                    </li>
                                                                                                        <li>
                                                        <a href="https://im4change.in/environment/time-bomb-ticking-52.html?pgno=13#saarc-india-country-report-2015-statistical-appraisal">SAARC-India Country Report 2015: Statistical Appraisal</a>
                                                    </li>
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                                                        <a href="https://im4change.in/environment/time-bomb-ticking-52.html?pgno=14#4-degree-turn-down-the-heat-climate-extremes-regional-impacts-and-the-case-for-resilience-2013-the-world-bank">4-degree Turn down the Heat: Climate Extremes, Regional Impacts, and the Case for Resilience (2013), The World Bank</a>
                                                    </li>
                                                                                                        <li>
                                                        <a href="https://im4change.in/environment/time-bomb-ticking-52.html?pgno=15#gajah-securing-the-future-for-elephants-in-india">Gajah: Securing the Future for Elephants in India</a>
                                                    </li>
                                                                                                        <li>
                                                        <a href="https://im4change.in/environment/time-bomb-ticking-52.html?pgno=16#compendium-of-environment-statistics-india-2008-2009">Compendium of Environment Statistics India 2008-2009</a>
                                                    </li>
                                                                                                        <li>
                                                        <a href="https://im4change.in/environment/time-bomb-ticking-52.html?pgno=16#report-of-the-committee-to-evolve-road-map-on-management-of-wastes-in-india">Report of the Committee to Evolve Road Map on Management of Wastes in India</a>
                                                    </li>
                                                                                                        <li>
                                                        <a href="https://im4change.in/environment/time-bomb-ticking-52.html?pgno=16#the-state-of-world-population-2009-unfpa">The State of World Population 2009 (UNFPA)</a>
                                                    </li>
                                                                                                        <li>
                                                        <a href="https://im4change.in/environment/time-bomb-ticking-52.html?pgno=17#state-of-environment-report-india-2009">State of Environment Report India 2009</a>
                                                    </li>
                                                                                                        <li>
                                                        <a href="https://im4change.in/environment/time-bomb-ticking-52.html?pgno=18#climate-change-indiarsquos-perceptions-positions-policies-and-possibilities">Climate Change: India&rsquo;s Perceptions, Positions, Policies and Possibilities</a>
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                                                                                                        <li>
                                                        <a href="https://im4change.in/environment/time-bomb-ticking-52.html?pgno=18#climate-change-sustainable-development-and-india-global-and-national-concerns">Climate change, sustainable development and India: Global and national concerns</a>
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                                                                                                </ul>
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                            </p><p style="text-align:justify">&nbsp;</p><p style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-family:arial,helvetica,sans-serif; font-size:medium">The graph below shows the share of different sectors (Industry, Agriculture, Forestry etc.) in total GHG (green house gas) emissions in 2004 in terms of CO2-eq*. (Forestry includes deforestation). Global GHG emissions due to human activities have grown since pre-industrial times, with an increase of 70 percent between 1970 and 2004 </span></p><p style="text-align:justify">&nbsp;</p><p style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-family:arial,helvetica,sans-serif"><span style="font-size:small"><em><strong><img alt="time bomb 1" src="https://im4change.in/siteadmin/tinymce/uploaded/time%20bomb%201.bmp" style="height:343px; width:611px" title="time bomb 1" />&nbsp;</strong></em></span></span></p><p style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-family:arial,helvetica,sans-serif"><span style="font-size:small"><em><strong>Source:</strong> Climate Change 2007: Synthesis Report brought out by the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change</em> </span></span></p><p style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-family:arial,helvetica,sans-serif"><span style="font-size:small"><em><strong>Note: </strong>* CO2-equivalent emission is the amount of CO2 emission that would cause the same time-integrated radiative forcing, over a given time horizon, as an emitted amount of a long-lived GHG or a mixture of GHGs. The equivalent CO2 is obtained by multiplying the emission of a GHG by its Global Warming Potential (GWP) for the given time horizon.</em> </span></span></p><p style="text-align:justify"><strong><span style="font-family:arial,helvetica,sans-serif; font-size:medium">Share in global CO2 emissions (%) United States versus rest of the world </span></strong></p><p style="text-align:justify"><strong><span style="font-family:Arial; font-size:medium"><img alt="time bomb 2" src="https://im4change.in/siteadmin/tinymce/uploaded/time%20bomb%202.bmp" style="height:341px; width:607px" title="time bomb 2" /></span></strong></p><p style="text-align:justify">&nbsp;</p><p style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-family:arial,helvetica,sans-serif"><span style="font-size:small"><em><strong>Source: </strong>International Energy Outlook 2005, US Department of Energy, Energy Information Administration of Government of United States of America, 2005.</em> </span></span></p><p style="text-align:justify">&nbsp;</p><div style="text-align:justify">Key findings and recommendations of the report titled: <a name="gajah-securing-the-future-for-elephants-in-india">Gajah: Securing the Future for Elephants in India</a> (<a href="http://www.indiaenvironmentportal.org.in/files/ETF_REPORT_FINAL.pdf" title="http://www.indiaenvironmentportal.org.in/files/ETF_REPORT_FINAL.pdf">http://www.indiaenvironmentportal.org.in/files/ETF_REPORT_<br />FINAL.pdf</a>), prepared by the Elephant Task Force, Ministry of Environment and Forests that comprised of distinguished scholars and environmentalists such as: Dr. Mahesh Rangarajan, Ajay Desai, Dr. R Sukumar, Dr. PS Easa, Vivek Menon, Dr. S Vincent, Suparna Ganguly, Dr. BK Talukdar, Brijendra Singh, Dr. Divya Mudappa, Dr. Sushant Chowdhary and AN Prasad are as follows:&nbsp;</div><div style="text-align:justify">&nbsp;</div><div style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:medium"><span style="font-family:arial,helvetica,sans-serif"><span style="font-size:medium">&bull;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; The population of elephants found in the wild is over 26,000 in India. There are 3500 captive elephants, with ancient traditions of captive care. The male population of elephants has shown a decline vis-a-vis females that has led to sex ratios heavily skewed towards females. Large developmental and infrastructural projects are fragmenting elephant habitats.</span></span></span><br /><br /><span style="font-size:medium"><span style="font-family:arial,helvetica,sans-serif"><span style="font-size:medium">&bull;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; The Indian sub-continent has an estimated population of about 27000-29000, which is about 50 percent of the Asian elephant population. Elephants in Andaman and Nicobar islands are considered to be feral, as they are the descendants of the captive elephants used in timber felling operations.</span></span></span><br /><br /><span style="font-size:medium"><span style="font-family:arial,helvetica,sans-serif"><span style="font-size:medium">&bull;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; The land area occupied by elephants is estimated to be around 110,000 square km, which is composed of Protected Areas, Reserved and other categories of forests, plantations, agriculture, and non-forest areas, the report finds. </span></span></span><br /><br /><span style="font-size:medium"><span style="font-family:arial,helvetica,sans-serif"><span style="font-size:medium">&bull;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Every year over 400 people lose their lives to elephants, and most of them are cultivators or labourers. However, the bad news is that more than half of the 100 elephants are killed every year to save standing crops in the fields. Since 1987, India has lost 150 elephants due to train hits. </span></span></span><br /><br /><span style="font-size:medium"><span style="font-family:arial,helvetica,sans-serif"><span style="font-size:medium">&bull;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Since 1987, the country has lost 150 elephants due to train hits. These include 36 percent cases recorded from Assam, 26</span></span></span><span style="font-size:medium"><span style="font-family:arial,helvetica,sans-serif"><span style="font-size:medium"><span style="font-size:medium"><span style="font-family:arial,helvetica,sans-serif"><span style="font-size:medium"> percent</span></span></span> in West Bengal, 14 </span></span></span><span style="font-size:medium"><span style="font-family:arial,helvetica,sans-serif"><span style="font-size:medium"><span style="font-size:medium"><span style="font-family:arial,helvetica,sans-serif"><span style="font-size:medium">percent</span></span></span> in Uttarakhand, 10 </span></span></span><span style="font-size:medium"><span style="font-family:arial,helvetica,sans-serif"><span style="font-size:medium"><span style="font-size:medium"><span style="font-family:arial,helvetica,sans-serif"><span style="font-size:medium">percent</span></span></span> in Jharkhand, 6 </span></span></span><span style="font-size:medium"><span style="font-family:arial,helvetica,sans-serif"><span style="font-size:medium"><span style="font-size:medium"><span style="font-family:arial,helvetica,sans-serif"><span style="font-size:medium">percent</span></span></span> in Tamil Nadu, 03</span></span></span><span style="font-size:medium"><span style="font-family:arial,helvetica,sans-serif"><span style="font-size:medium"><span style="font-size:medium"><span style="font-family:arial,helvetica,sans-serif"><span style="font-size:medium"> percent</span></span></span> in Uttar Pradesh, 03 </span></span></span><span style="font-size:medium"><span style="font-family:arial,helvetica,sans-serif"><span style="font-size:medium"><span style="font-size:medium"><span style="font-family:arial,helvetica,sans-serif"><span style="font-size:medium">percent</span></span></span> in Kerala and 2 </span></span></span><span style="font-size:medium"><span style="font-family:arial,helvetica,sans-serif"><span style="font-size:medium"><span style="font-size:medium"><span style="font-family:arial,helvetica,sans-serif"><span style="font-size:medium">percent</span></span></span> in Orissa.</span></span></span><br /><br /><span style="font-size:medium"><span style="font-family:arial,helvetica,sans-serif"><span style="font-size:medium">&bull;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; The Task Force has expressed deep concern over the loss of habitats of elephants and the selective killing off of tuskers in key populations by ivory poachers. While the Task force in its report has praised the achievements of Project Elephant, which has been in existence since 1992, it has recommended for the creation of National Elephant Conservation Authority (NECA) on the lines of the structure for tiger conservation. A new Consortium of Elephant Research and Estimation (CERE) has also been recommended so as to develop and apply the best methods for enumeration. The Task Force has also recommended for scientific methods for elephant population monitoring and landscape assessment.</span></span></span><br /><br /><span style="font-size:medium"><span style="font-family:arial,helvetica,sans-serif"><span style="font-size:medium">&bull;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; In order to reduce human-elephant conflicts, the report has asked for preparing Conflict Management Task Forces that would comprise of experienced foresters, scientists, wildlife vets and social scientists. It has recommended for mandatory taluka-level hearings at different times in the sowing and harvesting season in all conflict areas that can bring together affected citizens, officials and elected representatives. </span></span></span><br /><br /><span style="font-size:medium"><span style="font-family:arial,helvetica,sans-serif"><span style="font-size:medium">&bull;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; The new Elephant Landscapes that are recommended by the Task Force are as follows: 1. Kaziranga-Karbi Anglong-Intanki; 2. Kameng-Sonitpur; 3. East Central; 4. North Western; 5. Brahmagiri-Nilgiri-Eastern Ghats; 6. Eastern South Bank; 7. North Bengal-Greater Manas; 8. Meghalaya; 9. Anamalai-Nelliampathy-High Range; and 10. Periyar-Agasthyamalai.</span></span></span><br /><br /><span style="font-size:medium"><span style="font-family:arial,helvetica,sans-serif"><span style="font-size:medium">&bull;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; The Task Force has recommended to declare elephant as a National Heritage Animal, which will give it due place as emblem of ecological sensitivity.</span></span></span><br /><br /><span style="font-size:medium"><span style="font-family:arial,helvetica,sans-serif"><span style="font-size:medium">&bull;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Over 40 per cent of the Elephant Reserves is not under Protected Area or government forest. The Task Force favours Ecologically Sensitive Area status under the Environment Protection Act to regulate activity that may be ecologically negative. </span></span></span><br /><br /><span style="font-size:medium"><span style="font-family:arial,helvetica,sans-serif"><span style="font-size:medium">&bull;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; The role of Elephant Reserve Committees has been emphasized so as to enable redress, consultation and transparency. </span></span></span><br /><br /><span style="font-size:medium"><span style="font-family:arial,helvetica,sans-serif"><span style="font-size:medium">&bull;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; The Task Force has ranked the Elephant Corridors that link critical populations according to priority and feasibility for action. The main emphasis is on innovative methods to secure habitats beyond the Protected Areas. These could include Community or Conservation Reserves, Ecosystem Services payments and conservation easements.</span></span></span><br /><br /><span style="font-size:medium"><span style="font-family:arial,helvetica,sans-serif"><span style="font-size:medium">&bull;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; The resource earmarked over the 12th Five Year Plan is Rs. 600 crore. A third of the allocation will be to secure vital habitats that serve as links between populations that may be cut off. One sixth of resources asked for are earmarked for conflict issues.</span></span></span><br /><br /><span style="font-size:medium"><span style="font-family:arial,helvetica,sans-serif"><span style="font-size:medium">&bull;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Citizens Elephant Welfare Committees are expected to take care of elephants in captivity. Gajah Centres and an elephant awareness campaign are on the agenda. An International Elephant Congress of the fifty elephant range states and an Asian partnership for Gajah will see India play a positive role for scientific and ecological cooperation.</span></span></span><br /><br /><span style="font-size:medium"><span style="font-family:arial,helvetica,sans-serif"><span style="font-size:medium">&bull;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; The Task Force has noted that Human-elephant conflict is on the rise despite Project Elephant running in the country for the last 18 years and is currently at an all time high, but financial allocations to deal with the problem have not increased proportionally.</span></span></span><br /><br /><span style="font-size:medium"><span style="font-family:arial,helvetica,sans-serif"><span style="font-size:medium">&bull;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; A major task is promotion of measures for mitigation of human elephant conflict in crucial habitats and moderating pressures of human and livestock activities in crucial elephant habitats.</span></span></span><br /><br /><span style="font-size:medium"><span style="font-family:arial,helvetica,sans-serif"><span style="font-size:medium">&bull;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; The Task Force has found that the prevailing system of monitoring of Asian elephant populations in India focuses on population size, sex ratio and population structure (in calves, juveniles, sub-adults and adults categories). However, little thought has been given to estimation of numbers and associated sampling-based variation or on the power of any estimate to detect demographic changes in elephant populations (such as increases and declines). In spite of this perturbing fact, estimates for monitoring elephants are made mainly to know the total number of elephants (population size).</span></span></span><br /><br /><span style="font-size:medium"><span style="font-family:arial,helvetica,sans-serif"><span style="font-size:medium">&bull;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Occupancy, abundance index, density and demography of elephants across the ranges could be key parameters for correlating them with habitat and anthropogenic and ecological variables to draw meaningful conclusions important for conservation and management.</span></span></span><br /><br /><span style="font-size:medium"><span style="font-family:arial,helvetica,sans-serif"><span style="font-size:medium">&bull;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Degradation, fragmentation and shrinkage of forest cover to accommodate the increasing human population largely characterized by various developmental activities have severely threatened Indian wildlife. Long ranging species such as Asian Elephant and Tiger that require a large landscape to fulfill their ecological needs have been the most affected ones. Hydroelectric and irrigation projects, roads, railway lines and mining have severely depleted and fragmented the elephant habitat.</span></span></span></div><div style="text-align:justify">&nbsp;</div><div style="text-align:justify">&nbsp;</div><div style="text-align:justify">                                                                    <br>
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                                            <h2 style="font-weight: bold; font-size: 13px;">What's Inside</h2>
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                                                                                                    <li>
                                                        <a href="https://im4change.in/environment/time-bomb-ticking-52.html?pgno=2#counting-the-cost-2022-a-year-of-climate-breakdown-published-in-december-2022">Counting The Cost 2022: A year of climate breakdown, published in December 2022</a>
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                                                        <a href="https://im4change.in/environment/time-bomb-ticking-52.html?pgno=2#global-ev-outlook-2022-securing-supplies-for-an-electric-future">Global EV Outlook 2022: Securing supplies for an electric future</a>
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                                                        <a href="https://im4change.in/environment/time-bomb-ticking-52.html?pgno=3#wmo-state-of-the-global-climate-in-2021-report-released-in-may-2022">WMO State of the Global Climate in 2021 report (released in May, 2022)</a>
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                                                        <a href="https://im4change.in/environment/time-bomb-ticking-52.html?pgno=3#drought-in-numbers-2022-restoration-for-readiness-and-resilience-released-in-may-2022">Drought in Numbers 2022: Restoration for Readiness and Resilience (released in May, 2022)</a>
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                                                        <a href="https://im4change.in/environment/time-bomb-ticking-52.html?pgno=4#climate-change-2022-mitigation-of-climate-change-released-on-april-4-2022">Climate Change 2022: Mitigation of Climate Change (released on April 4, 2022)</a>
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                                                        <a href="https://im4change.in/environment/time-bomb-ticking-52.html?pgno=4#climate-change-2022-impacts-adaptation-and-vulnerability-released-on-february-28-2022">Climate Change 2022: Impacts, Adaptation and Vulnerability (released on February 28, 2022)</a>
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                                                        <a href="https://im4change.in/environment/time-bomb-ticking-52.html?pgno=4#climate-change-2021-the-physical-science-basis-released-on-august-9-2021">Climate Change 2021: The Physical Science Basis (released on August 9, 2021)</a>
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                                                        <a href="https://im4change.in/environment/time-bomb-ticking-52.html?pgno=4#25-87-million-hectares-released-in-february-2022">25.87 Million Hectares (released in February, 2022)</a>
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                                                        <a href="https://im4change.in/environment/time-bomb-ticking-52.html?pgno=4#india-state-of-forest-report-2021-released-in-january-2022">India State of Forest Report 2021 (released in January 2022)</a>
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                                                        <a href="https://im4change.in/environment/time-bomb-ticking-52.html?pgno=5#press-release-by-intergovernmental-panel-on-climatenbspchange-ipcc-dated-9th-august-2021">Press release by Intergovernmental Panel on Climate&nbsp;Change (IPCC) dated 9th August, 2021</a>
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                                                        <a href="https://im4change.in/environment/time-bomb-ticking-52.html?pgno=5#climate-nbspchange-nbsp2021-the-physical-science-basis">Climate &nbsp;Change &nbsp;2021: The Physical Science Basis</a>
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                                                        <a href="https://im4change.in/environment/time-bomb-ticking-52.html?pgno=5#press-release-by-centre-for-science-and-environment-dated-9th-august-2021">Press release by Centre for Science and Environment dated 9th August, 2021</a>
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                                                        <a href="https://im4change.in/environment/time-bomb-ticking-52.html?pgno=6#the-costs-of-climate-change-in-india-a-review-of-the-climate-related-risks-facing-india-and-their-economic-and-social-costs-released-in-june-2021">The costs of climate change in India: A review of the climate-related risks facing India, and their economic and social costs (released in June 2021)</a>
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                                                        <a href="https://im4change.in/environment/time-bomb-ticking-52.html?pgno=7#india39s-third-biennial-update-report-to-the-united-nations-framework-convention-on-climate-change-released-in-february-2021">India&#39;s Third Biennial Update Report to the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (released in February 2021)</a>
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                                                        <a href="https://im4change.in/environment/time-bomb-ticking-52.html?pgno=8#state-of-rural-and-agrarian-india-report-2020-released-on-30th-november-2020">State of Rural and Agrarian India Report 2020 (released on 30th November, 2020)</a>
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                                                        <a href="https://im4change.in/environment/time-bomb-ticking-52.html?pgno=8#annual-report-2019-20-of-the-reserve-bank-of-india-released-in-august-2020">Annual Report 2019-20 of the Reserve Bank of India (released in August, 2020)</a>
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                                                        <a href="https://im4change.in/environment/time-bomb-ticking-52.html?pgno=9#assessment-of-climate-change-over-the-indian-region-released-in-june-2020">Assessment of climate change over the Indian region (released in June 2020)</a>
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                                                        <a href="https://im4change.in/environment/time-bomb-ticking-52.html?pgno=10#economic-survey-2017-18-volume-1-released-in-january-2018">Economic Survey 2017-18, Volume-1 (released in January, 2018)</a>
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                                                        <a href="https://im4change.in/environment/time-bomb-ticking-52.html?pgno=11#innovative-viable-solution-to-rice-residue-burning-in-rice-wheat-cropping-system-through-concurrent-use-of-super-straw-management-system-fitted-combines-and-turbo-happy-seeder-october-2017">Innovative Viable Solution to Rice Residue Burning in Rice-Wheat Cropping System through Concurrent Use of Super Straw Management System-fitted Combines and Turbo Happy Seeder (October, 2017)</a>
                                                    </li>
                                                                                                        <li>
                                                        <a href="https://im4change.in/environment/time-bomb-ticking-52.html?pgno=12#statistics-related-to-climate-change-india-2015-prepared-by-the-ministry-of-statistics-and-programme-implementation">Statistics Related to Climate Change-India 2015, prepared by the Ministry of Statistics and Programme Implementation</a>
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                                                        <a href="https://im4change.in/environment/time-bomb-ticking-52.html?pgno=13#saarc-india-country-report-2015-statistical-appraisal">SAARC-India Country Report 2015: Statistical Appraisal</a>
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                                                        <a href="https://im4change.in/environment/time-bomb-ticking-52.html?pgno=14#4-degree-turn-down-the-heat-climate-extremes-regional-impacts-and-the-case-for-resilience-2013-the-world-bank">4-degree Turn down the Heat: Climate Extremes, Regional Impacts, and the Case for Resilience (2013), The World Bank</a>
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                                                                                                        <li>
                                                        <a href="https://im4change.in/environment/time-bomb-ticking-52.html?pgno=15#gajah-securing-the-future-for-elephants-in-india">Gajah: Securing the Future for Elephants in India</a>
                                                    </li>
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                                                        <a href="https://im4change.in/environment/time-bomb-ticking-52.html?pgno=16#compendium-of-environment-statistics-india-2008-2009">Compendium of Environment Statistics India 2008-2009</a>
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                                                        <a href="https://im4change.in/environment/time-bomb-ticking-52.html?pgno=16#report-of-the-committee-to-evolve-road-map-on-management-of-wastes-in-india">Report of the Committee to Evolve Road Map on Management of Wastes in India</a>
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                                                        <a href="https://im4change.in/environment/time-bomb-ticking-52.html?pgno=16#the-state-of-world-population-2009-unfpa">The State of World Population 2009 (UNFPA)</a>
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                                                                                                        <li>
                                                        <a href="https://im4change.in/environment/time-bomb-ticking-52.html?pgno=17#state-of-environment-report-india-2009">State of Environment Report India 2009</a>
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                                                        <a href="https://im4change.in/environment/time-bomb-ticking-52.html?pgno=18#climate-change-indiarsquos-perceptions-positions-policies-and-possibilities">Climate Change: India&rsquo;s Perceptions, Positions, Policies and Possibilities</a>
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                                                        <a href="https://im4change.in/environment/time-bomb-ticking-52.html?pgno=18#climate-change-sustainable-development-and-india-global-and-national-concerns">Climate change, sustainable development and India: Global and national concerns</a>
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                            </p><p style="text-align:justify">&nbsp;</p><p style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-family:arial,helvetica,sans-serif; font-size:medium">The graph below shows the share of different sectors (Industry, Agriculture, Forestry etc.) in total GHG (green house gas) emissions in 2004 in terms of CO2-eq*. (Forestry includes deforestation). Global GHG emissions due to human activities have grown since pre-industrial times, with an increase of 70 percent between 1970 and 2004 </span></p><p style="text-align:justify">&nbsp;</p><p style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-family:arial,helvetica,sans-serif"><span style="font-size:small"><em><strong><img alt="time bomb 1" src="https://im4change.in/siteadmin/tinymce/uploaded/time%20bomb%201.bmp" style="height:343px; width:611px" title="time bomb 1" />&nbsp;</strong></em></span></span></p><p style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-family:arial,helvetica,sans-serif"><span style="font-size:small"><em><strong>Source:</strong> Climate Change 2007: Synthesis Report brought out by the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change</em> </span></span></p><p style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-family:arial,helvetica,sans-serif"><span style="font-size:small"><em><strong>Note: </strong>* CO2-equivalent emission is the amount of CO2 emission that would cause the same time-integrated radiative forcing, over a given time horizon, as an emitted amount of a long-lived GHG or a mixture of GHGs. The equivalent CO2 is obtained by multiplying the emission of a GHG by its Global Warming Potential (GWP) for the given time horizon.</em> </span></span></p><p style="text-align:justify"><strong><span style="font-family:arial,helvetica,sans-serif; font-size:medium">Share in global CO2 emissions (%) United States versus rest of the world </span></strong></p><p style="text-align:justify"><strong><span style="font-family:Arial; font-size:medium"><img alt="time bomb 2" src="https://im4change.in/siteadmin/tinymce/uploaded/time%20bomb%202.bmp" style="height:341px; width:607px" title="time bomb 2" /></span></strong></p><p style="text-align:justify">&nbsp;</p><p style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-family:arial,helvetica,sans-serif"><span style="font-size:small"><em><strong>Source: </strong>International Energy Outlook 2005, US Department of Energy, Energy Information Administration of Government of United States of America, 2005.</em> </span></span></p><p style="text-align:justify">&nbsp;</p><div style="text-align:justify">Key findings and recommendations of the report titled: <a name="gajah-securing-the-future-for-elephants-in-india">Gajah: Securing the Future for Elephants in India</a> (<a href="http://www.indiaenvironmentportal.org.in/files/ETF_REPORT_FINAL.pdf" title="http://www.indiaenvironmentportal.org.in/files/ETF_REPORT_FINAL.pdf">http://www.indiaenvironmentportal.org.in/files/ETF_REPORT_<br />FINAL.pdf</a>), prepared by the Elephant Task Force, Ministry of Environment and Forests that comprised of distinguished scholars and environmentalists such as: Dr. Mahesh Rangarajan, Ajay Desai, Dr. R Sukumar, Dr. PS Easa, Vivek Menon, Dr. S Vincent, Suparna Ganguly, Dr. BK Talukdar, Brijendra Singh, Dr. Divya Mudappa, Dr. Sushant Chowdhary and AN Prasad are as follows:&nbsp;</div><div style="text-align:justify">&nbsp;</div><div style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:medium"><span style="font-family:arial,helvetica,sans-serif"><span style="font-size:medium">&bull;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; The population of elephants found in the wild is over 26,000 in India. There are 3500 captive elephants, with ancient traditions of captive care. The male population of elephants has shown a decline vis-a-vis females that has led to sex ratios heavily skewed towards females. Large developmental and infrastructural projects are fragmenting elephant habitats.</span></span></span><br /><br /><span style="font-size:medium"><span style="font-family:arial,helvetica,sans-serif"><span style="font-size:medium">&bull;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; The Indian sub-continent has an estimated population of about 27000-29000, which is about 50 percent of the Asian elephant population. Elephants in Andaman and Nicobar islands are considered to be feral, as they are the descendants of the captive elephants used in timber felling operations.</span></span></span><br /><br /><span style="font-size:medium"><span style="font-family:arial,helvetica,sans-serif"><span style="font-size:medium">&bull;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; The land area occupied by elephants is estimated to be around 110,000 square km, which is composed of Protected Areas, Reserved and other categories of forests, plantations, agriculture, and non-forest areas, the report finds. </span></span></span><br /><br /><span style="font-size:medium"><span style="font-family:arial,helvetica,sans-serif"><span style="font-size:medium">&bull;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Every year over 400 people lose their lives to elephants, and most of them are cultivators or labourers. However, the bad news is that more than half of the 100 elephants are killed every year to save standing crops in the fields. Since 1987, India has lost 150 elephants due to train hits. </span></span></span><br /><br /><span style="font-size:medium"><span style="font-family:arial,helvetica,sans-serif"><span style="font-size:medium">&bull;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Since 1987, the country has lost 150 elephants due to train hits. These include 36 percent cases recorded from Assam, 26</span></span></span><span style="font-size:medium"><span style="font-family:arial,helvetica,sans-serif"><span style="font-size:medium"><span style="font-size:medium"><span style="font-family:arial,helvetica,sans-serif"><span style="font-size:medium"> percent</span></span></span> in West Bengal, 14 </span></span></span><span style="font-size:medium"><span style="font-family:arial,helvetica,sans-serif"><span style="font-size:medium"><span style="font-size:medium"><span style="font-family:arial,helvetica,sans-serif"><span style="font-size:medium">percent</span></span></span> in Uttarakhand, 10 </span></span></span><span style="font-size:medium"><span style="font-family:arial,helvetica,sans-serif"><span style="font-size:medium"><span style="font-size:medium"><span style="font-family:arial,helvetica,sans-serif"><span style="font-size:medium">percent</span></span></span> in Jharkhand, 6 </span></span></span><span style="font-size:medium"><span style="font-family:arial,helvetica,sans-serif"><span style="font-size:medium"><span style="font-size:medium"><span style="font-family:arial,helvetica,sans-serif"><span style="font-size:medium">percent</span></span></span> in Tamil Nadu, 03</span></span></span><span style="font-size:medium"><span style="font-family:arial,helvetica,sans-serif"><span style="font-size:medium"><span style="font-size:medium"><span style="font-family:arial,helvetica,sans-serif"><span style="font-size:medium"> percent</span></span></span> in Uttar Pradesh, 03 </span></span></span><span style="font-size:medium"><span style="font-family:arial,helvetica,sans-serif"><span style="font-size:medium"><span style="font-size:medium"><span style="font-family:arial,helvetica,sans-serif"><span style="font-size:medium">percent</span></span></span> in Kerala and 2 </span></span></span><span style="font-size:medium"><span style="font-family:arial,helvetica,sans-serif"><span style="font-size:medium"><span style="font-size:medium"><span style="font-family:arial,helvetica,sans-serif"><span style="font-size:medium">percent</span></span></span> in Orissa.</span></span></span><br /><br /><span style="font-size:medium"><span style="font-family:arial,helvetica,sans-serif"><span style="font-size:medium">&bull;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; The Task Force has expressed deep concern over the loss of habitats of elephants and the selective killing off of tuskers in key populations by ivory poachers. While the Task force in its report has praised the achievements of Project Elephant, which has been in existence since 1992, it has recommended for the creation of National Elephant Conservation Authority (NECA) on the lines of the structure for tiger conservation. A new Consortium of Elephant Research and Estimation (CERE) has also been recommended so as to develop and apply the best methods for enumeration. The Task Force has also recommended for scientific methods for elephant population monitoring and landscape assessment.</span></span></span><br /><br /><span style="font-size:medium"><span style="font-family:arial,helvetica,sans-serif"><span style="font-size:medium">&bull;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; In order to reduce human-elephant conflicts, the report has asked for preparing Conflict Management Task Forces that would comprise of experienced foresters, scientists, wildlife vets and social scientists. It has recommended for mandatory taluka-level hearings at different times in the sowing and harvesting season in all conflict areas that can bring together affected citizens, officials and elected representatives. </span></span></span><br /><br /><span style="font-size:medium"><span style="font-family:arial,helvetica,sans-serif"><span style="font-size:medium">&bull;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; The new Elephant Landscapes that are recommended by the Task Force are as follows: 1. Kaziranga-Karbi Anglong-Intanki; 2. Kameng-Sonitpur; 3. East Central; 4. North Western; 5. Brahmagiri-Nilgiri-Eastern Ghats; 6. Eastern South Bank; 7. North Bengal-Greater Manas; 8. Meghalaya; 9. Anamalai-Nelliampathy-High Range; and 10. Periyar-Agasthyamalai.</span></span></span><br /><br /><span style="font-size:medium"><span style="font-family:arial,helvetica,sans-serif"><span style="font-size:medium">&bull;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; The Task Force has recommended to declare elephant as a National Heritage Animal, which will give it due place as emblem of ecological sensitivity.</span></span></span><br /><br /><span style="font-size:medium"><span style="font-family:arial,helvetica,sans-serif"><span style="font-size:medium">&bull;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Over 40 per cent of the Elephant Reserves is not under Protected Area or government forest. The Task Force favours Ecologically Sensitive Area status under the Environment Protection Act to regulate activity that may be ecologically negative. </span></span></span><br /><br /><span style="font-size:medium"><span style="font-family:arial,helvetica,sans-serif"><span style="font-size:medium">&bull;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; The role of Elephant Reserve Committees has been emphasized so as to enable redress, consultation and transparency. </span></span></span><br /><br /><span style="font-size:medium"><span style="font-family:arial,helvetica,sans-serif"><span style="font-size:medium">&bull;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; The Task Force has ranked the Elephant Corridors that link critical populations according to priority and feasibility for action. The main emphasis is on innovative methods to secure habitats beyond the Protected Areas. These could include Community or Conservation Reserves, Ecosystem Services payments and conservation easements.</span></span></span><br /><br /><span style="font-size:medium"><span style="font-family:arial,helvetica,sans-serif"><span style="font-size:medium">&bull;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; The resource earmarked over the 12th Five Year Plan is Rs. 600 crore. A third of the allocation will be to secure vital habitats that serve as links between populations that may be cut off. One sixth of resources asked for are earmarked for conflict issues.</span></span></span><br /><br /><span style="font-size:medium"><span style="font-family:arial,helvetica,sans-serif"><span style="font-size:medium">&bull;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Citizens Elephant Welfare Committees are expected to take care of elephants in captivity. Gajah Centres and an elephant awareness campaign are on the agenda. An International Elephant Congress of the fifty elephant range states and an Asian partnership for Gajah will see India play a positive role for scientific and ecological cooperation.</span></span></span><br /><br /><span style="font-size:medium"><span style="font-family:arial,helvetica,sans-serif"><span style="font-size:medium">&bull;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; The Task Force has noted that Human-elephant conflict is on the rise despite Project Elephant running in the country for the last 18 years and is currently at an all time high, but financial allocations to deal with the problem have not increased proportionally.</span></span></span><br /><br /><span style="font-size:medium"><span style="font-family:arial,helvetica,sans-serif"><span style="font-size:medium">&bull;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; A major task is promotion of measures for mitigation of human elephant conflict in crucial habitats and moderating pressures of human and livestock activities in crucial elephant habitats.</span></span></span><br /><br /><span style="font-size:medium"><span style="font-family:arial,helvetica,sans-serif"><span style="font-size:medium">&bull;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; The Task Force has found that the prevailing system of monitoring of Asian elephant populations in India focuses on population size, sex ratio and population structure (in calves, juveniles, sub-adults and adults categories). However, little thought has been given to estimation of numbers and associated sampling-based variation or on the power of any estimate to detect demographic changes in elephant populations (such as increases and declines). In spite of this perturbing fact, estimates for monitoring elephants are made mainly to know the total number of elephants (population size).</span></span></span><br /><br /><span style="font-size:medium"><span style="font-family:arial,helvetica,sans-serif"><span style="font-size:medium">&bull;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Occupancy, abundance index, density and demography of elephants across the ranges could be key parameters for correlating them with habitat and anthropogenic and ecological variables to draw meaningful conclusions important for conservation and management.</span></span></span><br /><br /><span style="font-size:medium"><span style="font-family:arial,helvetica,sans-serif"><span style="font-size:medium">&bull;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Degradation, fragmentation and shrinkage of forest cover to accommodate the increasing human population largely characterized by various developmental activities have severely threatened Indian wildlife. Long ranging species such as Asian Elephant and Tiger that require a large landscape to fulfill their ecological needs have been the most affected ones. Hydroelectric and irrigation projects, roads, railway lines and mining have severely depleted and fragmented the elephant habitat.</span></span></span></div><div style="text-align:justify">&nbsp;</div><div style="text-align:justify">&nbsp;</div><div style="text-align:justify">                                                                    <br>
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                                            <h2 style="font-weight: bold; font-size: 13px;">What's Inside</h2>
                                            <ul class="whatsinside">
                                                                                                    <li>
                                                        <a href="https://im4change.in/environment/time-bomb-ticking-52.html?pgno=2#counting-the-cost-2022-a-year-of-climate-breakdown-published-in-december-2022">Counting The Cost 2022: A year of climate breakdown, published in December 2022</a>
                                                    </li>
                                                                                                        <li>
                                                        <a href="https://im4change.in/environment/time-bomb-ticking-52.html?pgno=2#global-ev-outlook-2022-securing-supplies-for-an-electric-future">Global EV Outlook 2022: Securing supplies for an electric future</a>
                                                    </li>
                                                                                                        <li>
                                                        <a href="https://im4change.in/environment/time-bomb-ticking-52.html?pgno=3#wmo-state-of-the-global-climate-in-2021-report-released-in-may-2022">WMO State of the Global Climate in 2021 report (released in May, 2022)</a>
                                                    </li>
                                                                                                        <li>
                                                        <a href="https://im4change.in/environment/time-bomb-ticking-52.html?pgno=3#drought-in-numbers-2022-restoration-for-readiness-and-resilience-released-in-may-2022">Drought in Numbers 2022: Restoration for Readiness and Resilience (released in May, 2022)</a>
                                                    </li>
                                                                                                        <li>
                                                        <a href="https://im4change.in/environment/time-bomb-ticking-52.html?pgno=4#climate-change-2022-mitigation-of-climate-change-released-on-april-4-2022">Climate Change 2022: Mitigation of Climate Change (released on April 4, 2022)</a>
                                                    </li>
                                                                                                        <li>
                                                        <a href="https://im4change.in/environment/time-bomb-ticking-52.html?pgno=4#climate-change-2022-impacts-adaptation-and-vulnerability-released-on-february-28-2022">Climate Change 2022: Impacts, Adaptation and Vulnerability (released on February 28, 2022)</a>
                                                    </li>
                                                                                                        <li>
                                                        <a href="https://im4change.in/environment/time-bomb-ticking-52.html?pgno=4#climate-change-2021-the-physical-science-basis-released-on-august-9-2021">Climate Change 2021: The Physical Science Basis (released on August 9, 2021)</a>
                                                    </li>
                                                                                                        <li>
                                                        <a href="https://im4change.in/environment/time-bomb-ticking-52.html?pgno=4#25-87-million-hectares-released-in-february-2022">25.87 Million Hectares (released in February, 2022)</a>
                                                    </li>
                                                                                                        <li>
                                                        <a href="https://im4change.in/environment/time-bomb-ticking-52.html?pgno=4#india-state-of-forest-report-2021-released-in-january-2022">India State of Forest Report 2021 (released in January 2022)</a>
                                                    </li>
                                                                                                        <li>
                                                        <a href="https://im4change.in/environment/time-bomb-ticking-52.html?pgno=5#press-release-by-intergovernmental-panel-on-climatenbspchange-ipcc-dated-9th-august-2021">Press release by Intergovernmental Panel on Climate&nbsp;Change (IPCC) dated 9th August, 2021</a>
                                                    </li>
                                                                                                </ul>
                                                                                            <div><a href="javascript:void(0)" id="morewhatsinsidelink" onClick="javascript:$('#morewhatsinside').show();$('#morewhatsinsidelink').hide();$('#lesswhatsinsidelink').show();">More</a></div>
                                                                                            <ul class="whatsinside" id="morewhatsinside" style="display:none">
                                                                                                    <li>
                                                        <a href="https://im4change.in/environment/time-bomb-ticking-52.html?pgno=5#climate-nbspchange-nbsp2021-the-physical-science-basis">Climate &nbsp;Change &nbsp;2021: The Physical Science Basis</a>
                                                    </li>
                                                                                                        <li>
                                                        <a href="https://im4change.in/environment/time-bomb-ticking-52.html?pgno=5#press-release-by-centre-for-science-and-environment-dated-9th-august-2021">Press release by Centre for Science and Environment dated 9th August, 2021</a>
                                                    </li>
                                                                                                        <li>
                                                        <a href="https://im4change.in/environment/time-bomb-ticking-52.html?pgno=6#the-costs-of-climate-change-in-india-a-review-of-the-climate-related-risks-facing-india-and-their-economic-and-social-costs-released-in-june-2021">The costs of climate change in India: A review of the climate-related risks facing India, and their economic and social costs (released in June 2021)</a>
                                                    </li>
                                                                                                        <li>
                                                        <a href="https://im4change.in/environment/time-bomb-ticking-52.html?pgno=7#india39s-third-biennial-update-report-to-the-united-nations-framework-convention-on-climate-change-released-in-february-2021">India&#39;s Third Biennial Update Report to the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (released in February 2021)</a>
                                                    </li>
                                                                                                        <li>
                                                        <a href="https://im4change.in/environment/time-bomb-ticking-52.html?pgno=8#state-of-rural-and-agrarian-india-report-2020-released-on-30th-november-2020">State of Rural and Agrarian India Report 2020 (released on 30th November, 2020)</a>
                                                    </li>
                                                                                                        <li>
                                                        <a href="https://im4change.in/environment/time-bomb-ticking-52.html?pgno=8#annual-report-2019-20-of-the-reserve-bank-of-india-released-in-august-2020">Annual Report 2019-20 of the Reserve Bank of India (released in August, 2020)</a>
                                                    </li>
                                                                                                        <li>
                                                        <a href="https://im4change.in/environment/time-bomb-ticking-52.html?pgno=9#assessment-of-climate-change-over-the-indian-region-released-in-june-2020">Assessment of climate change over the Indian region (released in June 2020)</a>
                                                    </li>
                                                                                                        <li>
                                                        <a href="https://im4change.in/environment/time-bomb-ticking-52.html?pgno=10#economic-survey-2017-18-volume-1-released-in-january-2018">Economic Survey 2017-18, Volume-1 (released in January, 2018)</a>
                                                    </li>
                                                                                                        <li>
                                                        <a href="https://im4change.in/environment/time-bomb-ticking-52.html?pgno=11#innovative-viable-solution-to-rice-residue-burning-in-rice-wheat-cropping-system-through-concurrent-use-of-super-straw-management-system-fitted-combines-and-turbo-happy-seeder-october-2017">Innovative Viable Solution to Rice Residue Burning in Rice-Wheat Cropping System through Concurrent Use of Super Straw Management System-fitted Combines and Turbo Happy Seeder (October, 2017)</a>
                                                    </li>
                                                                                                        <li>
                                                        <a href="https://im4change.in/environment/time-bomb-ticking-52.html?pgno=12#statistics-related-to-climate-change-india-2015-prepared-by-the-ministry-of-statistics-and-programme-implementation">Statistics Related to Climate Change-India 2015, prepared by the Ministry of Statistics and Programme Implementation</a>
                                                    </li>
                                                                                                        <li>
                                                        <a href="https://im4change.in/environment/time-bomb-ticking-52.html?pgno=13#saarc-india-country-report-2015-statistical-appraisal">SAARC-India Country Report 2015: Statistical Appraisal</a>
                                                    </li>
                                                                                                        <li>
                                                        <a href="https://im4change.in/environment/time-bomb-ticking-52.html?pgno=14#4-degree-turn-down-the-heat-climate-extremes-regional-impacts-and-the-case-for-resilience-2013-the-world-bank">4-degree Turn down the Heat: Climate Extremes, Regional Impacts, and the Case for Resilience (2013), The World Bank</a>
                                                    </li>
                                                                                                        <li>
                                                        <a href="https://im4change.in/environment/time-bomb-ticking-52.html?pgno=15#gajah-securing-the-future-for-elephants-in-india">Gajah: Securing the Future for Elephants in India</a>
                                                    </li>
                                                                                                        <li>
                                                        <a href="https://im4change.in/environment/time-bomb-ticking-52.html?pgno=16#compendium-of-environment-statistics-india-2008-2009">Compendium of Environment Statistics India 2008-2009</a>
                                                    </li>
                                                                                                        <li>
                                                        <a href="https://im4change.in/environment/time-bomb-ticking-52.html?pgno=16#report-of-the-committee-to-evolve-road-map-on-management-of-wastes-in-india">Report of the Committee to Evolve Road Map on Management of Wastes in India</a>
                                                    </li>
                                                                                                        <li>
                                                        <a href="https://im4change.in/environment/time-bomb-ticking-52.html?pgno=16#the-state-of-world-population-2009-unfpa">The State of World Population 2009 (UNFPA)</a>
                                                    </li>
                                                                                                        <li>
                                                        <a href="https://im4change.in/environment/time-bomb-ticking-52.html?pgno=17#state-of-environment-report-india-2009">State of Environment Report India 2009</a>
                                                    </li>
                                                                                                        <li>
                                                        <a href="https://im4change.in/environment/time-bomb-ticking-52.html?pgno=18#climate-change-indiarsquos-perceptions-positions-policies-and-possibilities">Climate Change: India&rsquo;s Perceptions, Positions, Policies and Possibilities</a>
                                                    </li>
                                                                                                        <li>
                                                        <a href="https://im4change.in/environment/time-bomb-ticking-52.html?pgno=18#climate-change-sustainable-development-and-india-global-and-national-concerns">Climate change, sustainable development and India: Global and national concerns</a>
                                                    </li>
                                                                                                </ul>
                                            <div><a style="display:none" href="javascript:void(0)" id="lesswhatsinsidelink" onClick="javascript:$('#morewhatsinside').hide();$('#morewhatsinsidelink').show();$('#lesswhatsinsidelink').hide();">Less</a></div>
                                                                                    </div>
                                    </div>
                                </div>
                            </div>
                                                    <div>
                            </p><p style="text-align:justify">&nbsp;</p><p style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-family:arial,helvetica,sans-serif; font-size:medium">The graph below shows the share of different sectors (Industry, Agriculture, Forestry etc.) in total GHG (green house gas) emissions in 2004 in terms of CO2-eq*. (Forestry includes deforestation). Global GHG emissions due to human activities have grown since pre-industrial times, with an increase of 70 percent between 1970 and 2004 </span></p><p style="text-align:justify">&nbsp;</p><p style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-family:arial,helvetica,sans-serif"><span style="font-size:small"><em><strong><img alt="time bomb 1" src="https://im4change.in/siteadmin/tinymce/uploaded/time%20bomb%201.bmp" style="height:343px; width:611px" title="time bomb 1" />&nbsp;</strong></em></span></span></p><p style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-family:arial,helvetica,sans-serif"><span style="font-size:small"><em><strong>Source:</strong> Climate Change 2007: Synthesis Report brought out by the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change</em> </span></span></p><p style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-family:arial,helvetica,sans-serif"><span style="font-size:small"><em><strong>Note: </strong>* CO2-equivalent emission is the amount of CO2 emission that would cause the same time-integrated radiative forcing, over a given time horizon, as an emitted amount of a long-lived GHG or a mixture of GHGs. The equivalent CO2 is obtained by multiplying the emission of a GHG by its Global Warming Potential (GWP) for the given time horizon.</em> </span></span></p><p style="text-align:justify"><strong><span style="font-family:arial,helvetica,sans-serif; font-size:medium">Share in global CO2 emissions (%) United States versus rest of the world </span></strong></p><p style="text-align:justify"><strong><span style="font-family:Arial; font-size:medium"><img alt="time bomb 2" src="https://im4change.in/siteadmin/tinymce/uploaded/time%20bomb%202.bmp" style="height:341px; width:607px" title="time bomb 2" /></span></strong></p><p style="text-align:justify">&nbsp;</p><p style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-family:arial,helvetica,sans-serif"><span style="font-size:small"><em><strong>Source: </strong>International Energy Outlook 2005, US Department of Energy, Energy Information Administration of Government of United States of America, 2005.</em> </span></span></p><p style="text-align:justify">&nbsp;</p><div style="text-align:justify">Key findings and recommendations of the report titled: <a name="gajah-securing-the-future-for-elephants-in-india">Gajah: Securing the Future for Elephants in India</a> (<a href="http://www.indiaenvironmentportal.org.in/files/ETF_REPORT_FINAL.pdf" title="http://www.indiaenvironmentportal.org.in/files/ETF_REPORT_FINAL.pdf">http://www.indiaenvironmentportal.org.in/files/ETF_REPORT_<br />FINAL.pdf</a>), prepared by the Elephant Task Force, Ministry of Environment and Forests that comprised of distinguished scholars and environmentalists such as: Dr. Mahesh Rangarajan, Ajay Desai, Dr. R Sukumar, Dr. PS Easa, Vivek Menon, Dr. S Vincent, Suparna Ganguly, Dr. BK Talukdar, Brijendra Singh, Dr. Divya Mudappa, Dr. Sushant Chowdhary and AN Prasad are as follows:&nbsp;</div><div style="text-align:justify">&nbsp;</div><div style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:medium"><span style="font-family:arial,helvetica,sans-serif"><span style="font-size:medium">&bull;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; The population of elephants found in the wild is over 26,000 in India. There are 3500 captive elephants, with ancient traditions of captive care. The male population of elephants has shown a decline vis-a-vis females that has led to sex ratios heavily skewed towards females. Large developmental and infrastructural projects are fragmenting elephant habitats.</span></span></span><br /><br /><span style="font-size:medium"><span style="font-family:arial,helvetica,sans-serif"><span style="font-size:medium">&bull;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; The Indian sub-continent has an estimated population of about 27000-29000, which is about 50 percent of the Asian elephant population. Elephants in Andaman and Nicobar islands are considered to be feral, as they are the descendants of the captive elephants used in timber felling operations.</span></span></span><br /><br /><span style="font-size:medium"><span style="font-family:arial,helvetica,sans-serif"><span style="font-size:medium">&bull;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; The land area occupied by elephants is estimated to be around 110,000 square km, which is composed of Protected Areas, Reserved and other categories of forests, plantations, agriculture, and non-forest areas, the report finds. </span></span></span><br /><br /><span style="font-size:medium"><span style="font-family:arial,helvetica,sans-serif"><span style="font-size:medium">&bull;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Every year over 400 people lose their lives to elephants, and most of them are cultivators or labourers. However, the bad news is that more than half of the 100 elephants are killed every year to save standing crops in the fields. Since 1987, India has lost 150 elephants due to train hits. </span></span></span><br /><br /><span style="font-size:medium"><span style="font-family:arial,helvetica,sans-serif"><span style="font-size:medium">&bull;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Since 1987, the country has lost 150 elephants due to train hits. These include 36 percent cases recorded from Assam, 26</span></span></span><span style="font-size:medium"><span style="font-family:arial,helvetica,sans-serif"><span style="font-size:medium"><span style="font-size:medium"><span style="font-family:arial,helvetica,sans-serif"><span style="font-size:medium"> percent</span></span></span> in West Bengal, 14 </span></span></span><span style="font-size:medium"><span style="font-family:arial,helvetica,sans-serif"><span style="font-size:medium"><span style="font-size:medium"><span style="font-family:arial,helvetica,sans-serif"><span style="font-size:medium">percent</span></span></span> in Uttarakhand, 10 </span></span></span><span style="font-size:medium"><span style="font-family:arial,helvetica,sans-serif"><span style="font-size:medium"><span style="font-size:medium"><span style="font-family:arial,helvetica,sans-serif"><span style="font-size:medium">percent</span></span></span> in Jharkhand, 6 </span></span></span><span style="font-size:medium"><span style="font-family:arial,helvetica,sans-serif"><span style="font-size:medium"><span style="font-size:medium"><span style="font-family:arial,helvetica,sans-serif"><span style="font-size:medium">percent</span></span></span> in Tamil Nadu, 03</span></span></span><span style="font-size:medium"><span style="font-family:arial,helvetica,sans-serif"><span style="font-size:medium"><span style="font-size:medium"><span style="font-family:arial,helvetica,sans-serif"><span style="font-size:medium"> percent</span></span></span> in Uttar Pradesh, 03 </span></span></span><span style="font-size:medium"><span style="font-family:arial,helvetica,sans-serif"><span style="font-size:medium"><span style="font-size:medium"><span style="font-family:arial,helvetica,sans-serif"><span style="font-size:medium">percent</span></span></span> in Kerala and 2 </span></span></span><span style="font-size:medium"><span style="font-family:arial,helvetica,sans-serif"><span style="font-size:medium"><span style="font-size:medium"><span style="font-family:arial,helvetica,sans-serif"><span style="font-size:medium">percent</span></span></span> in Orissa.</span></span></span><br /><br /><span style="font-size:medium"><span style="font-family:arial,helvetica,sans-serif"><span style="font-size:medium">&bull;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; The Task Force has expressed deep concern over the loss of habitats of elephants and the selective killing off of tuskers in key populations by ivory poachers. While the Task force in its report has praised the achievements of Project Elephant, which has been in existence since 1992, it has recommended for the creation of National Elephant Conservation Authority (NECA) on the lines of the structure for tiger conservation. A new Consortium of Elephant Research and Estimation (CERE) has also been recommended so as to develop and apply the best methods for enumeration. The Task Force has also recommended for scientific methods for elephant population monitoring and landscape assessment.</span></span></span><br /><br /><span style="font-size:medium"><span style="font-family:arial,helvetica,sans-serif"><span style="font-size:medium">&bull;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; In order to reduce human-elephant conflicts, the report has asked for preparing Conflict Management Task Forces that would comprise of experienced foresters, scientists, wildlife vets and social scientists. It has recommended for mandatory taluka-level hearings at different times in the sowing and harvesting season in all conflict areas that can bring together affected citizens, officials and elected representatives. </span></span></span><br /><br /><span style="font-size:medium"><span style="font-family:arial,helvetica,sans-serif"><span style="font-size:medium">&bull;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; The new Elephant Landscapes that are recommended by the Task Force are as follows: 1. Kaziranga-Karbi Anglong-Intanki; 2. Kameng-Sonitpur; 3. East Central; 4. North Western; 5. Brahmagiri-Nilgiri-Eastern Ghats; 6. Eastern South Bank; 7. North Bengal-Greater Manas; 8. Meghalaya; 9. Anamalai-Nelliampathy-High Range; and 10. Periyar-Agasthyamalai.</span></span></span><br /><br /><span style="font-size:medium"><span style="font-family:arial,helvetica,sans-serif"><span style="font-size:medium">&bull;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; The Task Force has recommended to declare elephant as a National Heritage Animal, which will give it due place as emblem of ecological sensitivity.</span></span></span><br /><br /><span style="font-size:medium"><span style="font-family:arial,helvetica,sans-serif"><span style="font-size:medium">&bull;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Over 40 per cent of the Elephant Reserves is not under Protected Area or government forest. The Task Force favours Ecologically Sensitive Area status under the Environment Protection Act to regulate activity that may be ecologically negative. </span></span></span><br /><br /><span style="font-size:medium"><span style="font-family:arial,helvetica,sans-serif"><span style="font-size:medium">&bull;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; The role of Elephant Reserve Committees has been emphasized so as to enable redress, consultation and transparency. </span></span></span><br /><br /><span style="font-size:medium"><span style="font-family:arial,helvetica,sans-serif"><span style="font-size:medium">&bull;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; The Task Force has ranked the Elephant Corridors that link critical populations according to priority and feasibility for action. The main emphasis is on innovative methods to secure habitats beyond the Protected Areas. These could include Community or Conservation Reserves, Ecosystem Services payments and conservation easements.</span></span></span><br /><br /><span style="font-size:medium"><span style="font-family:arial,helvetica,sans-serif"><span style="font-size:medium">&bull;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; The resource earmarked over the 12th Five Year Plan is Rs. 600 crore. A third of the allocation will be to secure vital habitats that serve as links between populations that may be cut off. One sixth of resources asked for are earmarked for conflict issues.</span></span></span><br /><br /><span style="font-size:medium"><span style="font-family:arial,helvetica,sans-serif"><span style="font-size:medium">&bull;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Citizens Elephant Welfare Committees are expected to take care of elephants in captivity. Gajah Centres and an elephant awareness campaign are on the agenda. An International Elephant Congress of the fifty elephant range states and an Asian partnership for Gajah will see India play a positive role for scientific and ecological cooperation.</span></span></span><br /><br /><span style="font-size:medium"><span style="font-family:arial,helvetica,sans-serif"><span style="font-size:medium">&bull;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; The Task Force has noted that Human-elephant conflict is on the rise despite Project Elephant running in the country for the last 18 years and is currently at an all time high, but financial allocations to deal with the problem have not increased proportionally.</span></span></span><br /><br /><span style="font-size:medium"><span style="font-family:arial,helvetica,sans-serif"><span style="font-size:medium">&bull;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; A major task is promotion of measures for mitigation of human elephant conflict in crucial habitats and moderating pressures of human and livestock activities in crucial elephant habitats.</span></span></span><br /><br /><span style="font-size:medium"><span style="font-family:arial,helvetica,sans-serif"><span style="font-size:medium">&bull;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; The Task Force has found that the prevailing system of monitoring of Asian elephant populations in India focuses on population size, sex ratio and population structure (in calves, juveniles, sub-adults and adults categories). However, little thought has been given to estimation of numbers and associated sampling-based variation or on the power of any estimate to detect demographic changes in elephant populations (such as increases and declines). In spite of this perturbing fact, estimates for monitoring elephants are made mainly to know the total number of elephants (population size).</span></span></span><br /><br /><span style="font-size:medium"><span style="font-family:arial,helvetica,sans-serif"><span style="font-size:medium">&bull;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Occupancy, abundance index, density and demography of elephants across the ranges could be key parameters for correlating them with habitat and anthropogenic and ecological variables to draw meaningful conclusions important for conservation and management.</span></span></span><br /><br /><span style="font-size:medium"><span style="font-family:arial,helvetica,sans-serif"><span style="font-size:medium">&bull;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Degradation, fragmentation and shrinkage of forest cover to accommodate the increasing human population largely characterized by various developmental activities have severely threatened Indian wildlife. Long ranging species such as Asian Elephant and Tiger that require a large landscape to fulfill their ecological needs have been the most affected ones. Hydroelectric and irrigation projects, roads, railway lines and mining have severely depleted and fragmented the elephant habitat.</span></span></span></div><div style="text-align:justify">&nbsp;</div><div style="text-align:justify">&nbsp;</div><div style="text-align:justify">                                                                    <br>
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Time Bomb Ticking

What's Inside Counting The Cost 2022: A year of climate breakdown, published in December 2022 Global EV Outlook 2022: Securing supplies for an electric future WMO State of the Global Climate in 2021 report (released in May, 2022) Drought in Numbers 2022: Restoration for Readiness and Resilience (released in May, 2022) Climate Change 2022: Mitigation of Climate Change (released on April 4, 2022) Climate Change 2022: Impacts, Adaptation and Vulnerability (released on February 28, 2022) Climate Change 2021: The Physical Science Basis (released on August 9, 2021) 25.87 Million Hectares (released in February, 2022) India State of Forest Report 2021 (released in January 2022) Press release by Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) dated 9th August, 2021 More Climate  Change  2021: The Physical Science Basis Press release by Centre for Science and Environment dated 9th August, 2021 The costs of climate change in India: A review of the climate-related risks facing India, and their economic and social costs (released in June 2021) India's Third Biennial Update Report to the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (released in February 2021) State of Rural and Agrarian India Report 2020 (released on 30th November, 2020) Annual Report 2019-20 of the Reserve Bank of India (released in August, 2020) Assessment of climate change over the Indian region (released in June 2020) Economic Survey 2017-18, Volume-1 (released in January, 2018) Innovative Viable Solution to Rice Residue Burning in Rice-Wheat Cropping System through Concurrent Use of Super Straw Management System-fitted Combines and Turbo Happy Seeder (October, 2017) Statistics Related to Climate Change-India 2015, prepared by the Ministry of Statistics and Programme Implementation SAARC-India Country Report 2015: Statistical Appraisal 4-degree Turn down the Heat: Climate Extremes, Regional Impacts, and the Case for Resilience (2013), The World Bank Gajah: Securing the Future for Elephants in India Compendium of Environment Statistics India 2008-2009 Report of the Committee to Evolve Road Map on Management of Wastes in India The State of World Population 2009 (UNFPA) State of Environment Report India 2009 Climate Change: India’s Perceptions, Positions, Policies and Possibilities Climate change, sustainable development and India: Global and national concerns Less   The graph below shows the share of different sectors (Industry, Agriculture, Forestry etc.) in total GHG (green house gas) emissions in 2004 in terms of CO2-eq*. (Forestry includes deforestation). Global GHG emissions due to human activities have grown since pre-industrial times, with an increase of 70 percent between 1970 and 2004     Source: Climate Change 2007: Synthesis Report brought out by the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change Note: * CO2-equivalent emission is the amount of CO2 emission that would cause the same time-integrated radiative forcing, over a given time horizon, as an emitted amount of a long-lived GHG or a mixture of GHGs. The equivalent CO2 is obtained by multiplying the emission of a GHG by its Global Warming Potential (GWP) for the given time horizon. Share in global CO2 emissions (%) United States versus rest of the world   Source: International Energy Outlook 2005, US Department of Energy, Energy Information Administration of Government of United States of America, 2005.   Key findings and recommendations of the report titled: Gajah: Securing the Future for Elephants in India (http://www.indiaenvironmentportal.org.in/files/ETF_REPORT_ FINAL.pdf), prepared by the Elephant Task Force, Ministry of Environment and Forests that comprised of distinguished scholars and environmentalists such as: Dr. Mahesh Rangarajan, Ajay Desai, Dr. R Sukumar, Dr. PS Easa, Vivek Menon, Dr. S Vincent, Suparna Ganguly, Dr. BK Talukdar, Brijendra Singh, Dr. Divya Mudappa, Dr. Sushant Chowdhary and AN Prasad are as follows:    •    The population of elephants found in the wild is over 26,000 in India. There are 3500 captive elephants, with ancient traditions of captive care. The male population of elephants has shown a decline vis-a-vis females that has led to sex ratios heavily skewed towards females. Large developmental and infrastructural projects are fragmenting elephant habitats. •    The Indian sub-continent has an estimated population of about 27000-29000, which is about 50 percent of the Asian elephant population. Elephants in Andaman and Nicobar islands are considered to be feral, as they are the descendants of the captive elephants used in timber felling operations. •    The land area occupied by elephants is estimated to be around 110,000 square km, which is composed of Protected Areas, Reserved and other categories of forests, plantations, agriculture, and non-forest areas, the report finds. •    Every year over 400 people lose their lives to elephants, and most of them are cultivators or labourers. However, the bad news is that more than half of the 100 elephants are killed every year to save standing crops in the fields. Since 1987, India has lost 150 elephants due to train hits. •    Since 1987, the country has lost 150 elephants due to train hits. These include 36 percent cases recorded from Assam, 26 percent in West Bengal, 14 percent in Uttarakhand, 10 percent in Jharkhand, 6 percent in Tamil Nadu, 03 percent in Uttar Pradesh, 03 percent in Kerala and 2 percent in Orissa. •    The Task Force has expressed deep concern over the loss of habitats of elephants and the selective killing off of tuskers in key populations by ivory poachers. While the Task force in its report has praised the achievements of Project Elephant, which has been in existence since 1992, it has recommended for the creation of National Elephant Conservation Authority (NECA) on the lines of the structure for tiger conservation. A new Consortium of Elephant Research and Estimation (CERE) has also been recommended so as to develop and apply the best methods for enumeration. The Task Force has also recommended for scientific methods for elephant population monitoring and landscape assessment. •    In order to reduce human-elephant conflicts, the report has asked for preparing Conflict Management Task Forces that would comprise of experienced foresters, scientists, wildlife vets and social scientists. It has recommended for mandatory taluka-level hearings at different times in the sowing and harvesting season in all conflict areas that can bring together affected citizens, officials and elected representatives. •    The new Elephant Landscapes that are recommended by the Task Force are as follows: 1. Kaziranga-Karbi Anglong-Intanki; 2. Kameng-Sonitpur; 3. East Central; 4. North Western; 5. Brahmagiri-Nilgiri-Eastern Ghats; 6. Eastern South Bank; 7. North Bengal-Greater Manas; 8. Meghalaya; 9. Anamalai-Nelliampathy-High Range; and 10. Periyar-Agasthyamalai. •    The Task Force has recommended to declare elephant as a National Heritage Animal, which will give it due place as emblem of ecological sensitivity. •    Over 40 per cent of the Elephant Reserves is not under Protected Area or government forest. The Task Force favours Ecologically Sensitive Area status under the Environment Protection Act to regulate activity that may be ecologically negative. •    The role of Elephant Reserve Committees has been emphasized so as to enable redress, consultation and transparency. •    The Task Force has ranked the Elephant Corridors that link critical populations according to priority and feasibility for action. The main emphasis is on innovative methods to secure habitats beyond the Protected Areas. These could include Community or Conservation Reserves, Ecosystem Services payments and conservation easements. •    The resource earmarked over the 12th Five Year Plan is Rs. 600 crore. A third of the allocation will be to secure vital habitats that serve as links between populations that may be cut off. One sixth of resources asked for are earmarked for conflict issues. •    Citizens Elephant Welfare Committees are expected to take care of elephants in captivity. Gajah Centres and an elephant awareness campaign are on the agenda. An International Elephant Congress of the fifty elephant range states and an Asian partnership for Gajah will see India play a positive role for scientific and ecological cooperation. •    The Task Force has noted that Human-elephant conflict is on the rise despite Project Elephant running in the country for the last 18 years and is currently at an all time high, but financial allocations to deal with the problem have not increased proportionally. •    A major task is promotion of measures for mitigation of human elephant conflict in crucial habitats and moderating pressures of human and livestock activities in crucial elephant habitats. •    The Task Force has found that the prevailing system of monitoring of Asian elephant populations in India focuses on population size, sex ratio and population structure (in calves, juveniles, sub-adults and adults categories). However, little thought has been given to estimation of numbers and associated sampling-based variation or on the power of any estimate to detect demographic changes in elephant populations (such as increases and declines). In spite of this perturbing fact, estimates for monitoring elephants are made mainly to know the total number of elephants (population size). •    Occupancy, abundance index, density and demography of elephants across the ranges could be key parameters for correlating them with habitat and anthropogenic and ecological variables to draw meaningful conclusions important for conservation and management. •    Degradation, fragmentation and shrinkage of forest cover to accommodate the increasing human population largely characterized by various developmental activities have severely threatened Indian wildlife. Long ranging species such as Asian Elephant and Tiger that require a large landscape to fulfill their ecological needs have been the most affected ones. Hydroelectric and irrigation projects, roads, railway lines and mining have severely depleted and fragmented the elephant habitat.     « previous123456789101112131415161718next »

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