Deprecated (16384): The ArrayAccess methods will be removed in 4.0.0.Use getParam(), getData() and getQuery() instead. - /home/brlfuser/public_html/src/Controller/ArtileDetailController.php, line: 150
 You can disable deprecation warnings by setting `Error.errorLevel` to `E_ALL & ~E_USER_DEPRECATED` in your config/app.php. [CORE/src/Core/functions.php, line 311]
Code Context


        trigger_error($message, E_USER_DEPRECATED);

    }
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 You can disable deprecation warnings by setting `Error.errorLevel` to `E_ALL & ~E_USER_DEPRECATED` in your config/app.php.'
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deprecationWarning - CORE/src/Core/functions.php, line 311
Cake\Http\ServerRequest::offsetGet() - CORE/src/Http/ServerRequest.php, line 2421
App\Controller\ArtileDetailController::index() - APP/Controller/ArtileDetailController.php, line 150
Cake\Controller\Controller::invokeAction() - CORE/src/Controller/Controller.php, line 610
Cake\Http\ActionDispatcher::_invoke() - CORE/src/Http/ActionDispatcher.php, line 120
Cake\Http\ActionDispatcher::dispatch() - CORE/src/Http/ActionDispatcher.php, line 94
Cake\Http\BaseApplication::__invoke() - CORE/src/Http/BaseApplication.php, line 235
Cake\Http\Runner::__invoke() - CORE/src/Http/Runner.php, line 65
Cake\Routing\Middleware\RoutingMiddleware::__invoke() - CORE/src/Routing/Middleware/RoutingMiddleware.php, line 162
Cake\Http\Runner::__invoke() - CORE/src/Http/Runner.php, line 65
Cake\Routing\Middleware\AssetMiddleware::__invoke() - CORE/src/Routing/Middleware/AssetMiddleware.php, line 97
Cake\Http\Runner::__invoke() - CORE/src/Http/Runner.php, line 65
Cake\Error\Middleware\ErrorHandlerMiddleware::__invoke() - CORE/src/Error/Middleware/ErrorHandlerMiddleware.php, line 96
Cake\Http\Runner::__invoke() - CORE/src/Http/Runner.php, line 65
Cake\Http\Runner::run() - CORE/src/Http/Runner.php, line 51
Cake\Http\Server::run() - CORE/src/Http/Server.php, line 98

Deprecated (16384): The ArrayAccess methods will be removed in 4.0.0.Use getParam(), getData() and getQuery() instead. - /home/brlfuser/public_html/src/Controller/ArtileDetailController.php, line: 151
 You can disable deprecation warnings by setting `Error.errorLevel` to `E_ALL & ~E_USER_DEPRECATED` in your config/app.php. [CORE/src/Core/functions.php, line 311]
Code Context


        trigger_error($message, E_USER_DEPRECATED);

    }
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 You can disable deprecation warnings by setting `Error.errorLevel` to `E_ALL & ~E_USER_DEPRECATED` in your config/app.php.'
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deprecationWarning - CORE/src/Core/functions.php, line 311
Cake\Http\ServerRequest::offsetGet() - CORE/src/Http/ServerRequest.php, line 2421
App\Controller\ArtileDetailController::index() - APP/Controller/ArtileDetailController.php, line 151
Cake\Controller\Controller::invokeAction() - CORE/src/Controller/Controller.php, line 610
Cake\Http\ActionDispatcher::_invoke() - CORE/src/Http/ActionDispatcher.php, line 120
Cake\Http\ActionDispatcher::dispatch() - CORE/src/Http/ActionDispatcher.php, line 94
Cake\Http\BaseApplication::__invoke() - CORE/src/Http/BaseApplication.php, line 235
Cake\Http\Runner::__invoke() - CORE/src/Http/Runner.php, line 65
Cake\Routing\Middleware\RoutingMiddleware::__invoke() - CORE/src/Routing/Middleware/RoutingMiddleware.php, line 162
Cake\Http\Runner::__invoke() - CORE/src/Http/Runner.php, line 65
Cake\Routing\Middleware\AssetMiddleware::__invoke() - CORE/src/Routing/Middleware/AssetMiddleware.php, line 97
Cake\Http\Runner::__invoke() - CORE/src/Http/Runner.php, line 65
Cake\Error\Middleware\ErrorHandlerMiddleware::__invoke() - CORE/src/Error/Middleware/ErrorHandlerMiddleware.php, line 96
Cake\Http\Runner::__invoke() - CORE/src/Http/Runner.php, line 65
Cake\Http\Runner::run() - CORE/src/Http/Runner.php, line 51
Cake\Http\Server::run() - CORE/src/Http/Server.php, line 98

Warning (512): Unable to emit headers. Headers sent in file=/home/brlfuser/public_html/vendor/cakephp/cakephp/src/Error/Debugger.php line=853 [CORE/src/Http/ResponseEmitter.php, line 48]
Code Context
            if (Configure::read('debug')) {

                trigger_error($message, E_USER_WARNING);

            } else {
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<html class="ie ie6" lang='en'> <![endif]-->
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                                            <h2 style="font-weight: bold; font-size: 13px;">What's Inside</h2>
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                                                                                                    <li>
                                                        <a href="https://im4change.in/environment/water-and-sanitation-55.html?pgno=2#report-no-9-of-2021-performance-audit-of-ground-water-management-and-regulation-for-the-period-2013-18-laid-on-the-floor-of-the-parliament-on-21-december-2021">Report no 9 of 2021: Performance Audit of Ground Water Management and Regulation for the period 2013-18 (laid on the floor of the Parliament on 21 December, 2021)</a>
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                                                        <a href="https://im4change.in/environment/water-and-sanitation-55.html?pgno=2#nss-report-no-584-drinking-water-sanitation-hygiene-and-housing-condition-in-india-nss-76th-round-july-2018-to-december-2018-released-on-23rd-november-2019">NSS Report No. 584: Drinking Water, Sanitation, Hygiene and Housing Condition in India, NSS 76th Round, July 2018 to December 2018 (released on 23rd November 2019)</a>
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                                                                                                        <li>
                                                        <a href="https://im4change.in/environment/water-and-sanitation-55.html?pgno=3#cag39s-report-no-15-of-2018-performance-audit-of-national-rural-drinking-water-programme-published-on-7th-august-2018">CAG&#39;s Report No.15 of 2018 - Performance Audit of National Rural Drinking Water Programme (published on 7th August, 2018)</a>
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                                                                                                        <li>
                                                        <a href="https://im4change.in/environment/water-and-sanitation-55.html?pgno=4#51st-report-of-standing-committee-on-rural-development-related-to-the-status-of-swachh-bharat-mission-gramin-in-various-states-published-in-july-2018">51st Report of Standing Committee on Rural Development related to the status of Swachh Bharat Mission-Gramin in various states (published in July, 2018)</a>
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                                                                                                        <li>
                                                        <a href="https://im4change.in/environment/water-and-sanitation-55.html?pgno=5#swachhta-status-report-2016">Swachhta Status Report 2016</a>
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                                                        <a href="https://im4change.in/environment/water-and-sanitation-55.html?pgno=6#economic-survey-2015-16">Economic Survey 2015-16</a>
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                                                        <a href="https://im4change.in/environment/water-and-sanitation-55.html?pgno=7#progress-on-drinking-water-and-sanitation-joint-monitoring-programme-update-2014">Progress on drinking water and sanitation, Joint Monitoring Programme update 2014</a>
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                                                        <a href="https://im4change.in/environment/water-and-sanitation-55.html?pgno=8#key-indicators-of-drinking-water-sanitation-hygiene-and-housing-condition-in-india-july-2012-to-december-2012">Key Indicators of Drinking Water, Sanitation, Hygiene and Housing Condition in India (July 2012 to December 2012)</a>
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                                                        <a href="https://im4change.in/environment/water-and-sanitation-55.html?pgno=8#whounicef-joint-monitoring-report-2012-progress-on-drinking-water-and-sanitation">WHO/UNICEF joint monitoring report 2012: Progress on drinking water and sanitation</a>
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                                                        <a href="https://im4change.in/environment/water-and-sanitation-55.html?pgno=9#off-track-off-target-why-investment-in-water-sanitation-and-hygiene-is-not-reaching-those-who-need-it-most-2011">Off-track, off-target-Why investment in water, sanitation and hygiene is not reaching those who need it most (2011)</a>
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                                                                                            <div><a href="javascript:void(0)" id="morewhatsinsidelink" onClick="javascript:$('#morewhatsinside').show();$('#morewhatsinsidelink').hide();$('#lesswhatsinsidelink').show();">More</a></div>
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                                                        <a href="https://im4change.in/environment/water-and-sanitation-55.html?pgno=9#providing-safe-water-evidence-from-randomized-evaluations">Providing Safe Water: Evidence from Randomized Evaluations</a>
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                                                        <a href="https://im4change.in/environment/water-and-sanitation-55.html?pgno=10#housing-condition-and-amenities-in-india-2008-09-released-in-2010">Housing Condition and Amenities in India, 2008-09 (released in 2010)</a>
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                                                        <a href="https://im4change.in/environment/water-and-sanitation-55.html?pgno=10#progress-on-sanitation-and-drinking-water-2010-update-who-and-unicef">Progress on Sanitation and Drinking-Water: 2010 Update (WHO and UNICEF)</a>
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                                                                                                        <li>
                                                        <a href="https://im4change.in/environment/water-and-sanitation-55.html?pgno=11#combating-waterborne-disease-at-the-household-level-2007">Combating Waterborne Disease at the Household Level (2007)</a>
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                                                        <a href="https://im4change.in/environment/water-and-sanitation-55.html?pgno=11#11th-five-year-plan">11th Five Year Plan</a>
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                                            <div><a style="display:none" href="javascript:void(0)" id="lesswhatsinsidelink" onClick="javascript:$('#morewhatsinside').hide();$('#morewhatsinsidelink').show();$('#lesswhatsinsidelink').hide();">Less</a></div>
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                            <br />&nbsp;</p><p style="text-align:justify">According to the United Nations&#39; report entitled: <a name="progress-on-drinking-water-and-sanitation-joint-monitoring-programme-update-2014">Progress on drinking water and sanitation, Joint Monitoring Programme update 2014</a> (released in May 2014), (Please&nbsp;<a href="https://im4change.in/siteadmin/tinymce/uploaded/Progress%20on%20drinking%20water%20and%20sanitation.pdf" title="Progress on drinking water and sanitation" title="https://im4change.in/siteadmin/tinymce/uploaded/Progress%20on%20drinking%20water%20and%20sanitation.pdf" title="Progress on drinking water and sanitation">click here</a>&nbsp;to download):</p><p style="text-align:justify">&nbsp;</p><p style="text-align:justify"><em><strong>Indian scenario</strong></em></p><p style="text-align:justify">&bull; Between 1990 and 2012, India increased access to improved drinking water source for 534 million people.</p><p style="text-align:justify">&bull; There are 92 million people in India and 112 million people in China without access to an improved drinking water source in 2012.&nbsp;</p><p style="text-align:justify">&bull; Between 1990 and 2012, India increased access to improved sanitation for 291 million people.</p><p style="text-align:justify">&bull; There are 792 million people in India and 478 million people in China without access to an improved sanitation facility in 2012.&nbsp;</p><p style="text-align:justify">&bull; Globally, India continues to be the country with the highest number of people (597 million people) practicing open defecation.</p><p style="text-align:justify">&bull; Despite having some of the highest numbers of open defecators, India (597 million people), Nigeria (39 million people) and Indonesia (54 million people) do not feature among those countries making the greatest strides in reducing open defecation.</p><p style="text-align:justify">&bull; The percentage of population practicing open defecation in India declined from 74 percent in 1990 to 63 percent in 2000 and further to 48 percent in 2012.</p><p style="text-align:justify">&bull; The percentage of population having access to improved sanitation in India rose from 18 percent in 1990 to 25 percent in 2000 and further to 36 percent in 2012.</p><p style="text-align:justify">&bull; The percentage of population having access to improved sanitation in rural India was 25 percent whereas in urban India it was 60 percent during 2012.</p><p style="text-align:justify">&bull; The percentage of population having access to improved drinking water source in India rose from 70 percent in 1990 to 81 percent in 2000 and further to 93 percent in 2012.</p><p style="text-align:justify">&bull; The percentage of population having access to improved drinking water source in rural India was 91 percent whereas in urban India it was 97 percent during 2012.</p><p style="text-align:justify">&nbsp;</p><p style="text-align:justify"><em><strong>Global scenario</strong></em></p><p style="text-align:justify">&bull; Since 1990, almost 2 billion people globally have gained access to improved sanitation, and 2.3 billion have gained access to drinking-water from improved sources.</p><p style="text-align:justify">&bull; Some 1.6 billion of these people have piped water connections in their homes or compounds.</p><p style="text-align:justify">&bull; More than half of the global population lives in cities, and urban areas are still better supplied with improved water and sanitation than rural ones. But the gap is decreasing. In 1990, more than 76% people living in urban areas had access to improved sanitation, as opposed to only 28% in rural ones. By 2012, 80% urban dwellers and 47% rural ones had access to better sanitation.</p><p style="text-align:justify">&bull; In 1990, 95% people in urban areas could drink improved water, compared with 62% people in rural ones. By 2012, 96% people living in towns and 82% of those in rural areas had access to improved water.</p><p style="text-align:justify">&bull; By 2012, 116 countries had met the Millennium Development Goal (MDG) target for drinking water, 77 had met the MDG target for sanitation and 56 countries had met both targets. MDG 7.C aims to halve, by 2015, the proportion of the population without sustainable access to safe drinking water and basic sanitation.</p><p style="text-align:justify">&bull; By the end of 2012, 89% of the global population used improved drinking water sources, a rise of 13 percentage points in 22 years or 2.3 billion people.</p><p style="text-align:justify">&bull; By the end of 2012, 64% of the global population used improved sanitation facilities, a rise of 15 percentage points since 1990. Some 2.5 billion people &ndash; two-thirds of whom live in Asia, and a quarter in sub-Saharan Africa &ndash; still use unimproved sanitation facilities. There are 46 countries where at least half the population is not using an improved sanitation facility.</p><p style="text-align:justify">&bull; Although declining across all regions, open defecation is practised by 1 billion people, 82% of whom live in 10 countries. Nine out of 10 people defecating in the open live in rural areas.</p><p style="text-align:justify">&bull; Wealthy people universally have higher access to sanitation than the poor. In some countries this gap is narrowing. The gap is increasing, however, in rural areas of countries with low coverage and for marginalized and excluded groups.</p><p style="text-align:justify">&bull; 748 million people &ndash; 90% living in sub-Saharan Africa and Asia (43% in Sub-Saharan Africa, and 47% in Asia) &ndash; still use unimproved drinking water sources; 82% live in rural areas.</p><p style="text-align:justify">&nbsp;</p><p style="text-align:justify">                                                                    <br>
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    <h1 class="cat-box-title">Water and Sanitation</h1>
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                                            <h2 style="font-weight: bold; font-size: 13px;">What's Inside</h2>
                                            <ul class="whatsinside">
                                                                                                    <li>
                                                        <a href="https://im4change.in/environment/water-and-sanitation-55.html?pgno=2#report-no-9-of-2021-performance-audit-of-ground-water-management-and-regulation-for-the-period-2013-18-laid-on-the-floor-of-the-parliament-on-21-december-2021">Report no 9 of 2021: Performance Audit of Ground Water Management and Regulation for the period 2013-18 (laid on the floor of the Parliament on 21 December, 2021)</a>
                                                    </li>
                                                                                                        <li>
                                                        <a href="https://im4change.in/environment/water-and-sanitation-55.html?pgno=2#nss-report-no-584-drinking-water-sanitation-hygiene-and-housing-condition-in-india-nss-76th-round-july-2018-to-december-2018-released-on-23rd-november-2019">NSS Report No. 584: Drinking Water, Sanitation, Hygiene and Housing Condition in India, NSS 76th Round, July 2018 to December 2018 (released on 23rd November 2019)</a>
                                                    </li>
                                                                                                        <li>
                                                        <a href="https://im4change.in/environment/water-and-sanitation-55.html?pgno=3#cag39s-report-no-15-of-2018-performance-audit-of-national-rural-drinking-water-programme-published-on-7th-august-2018">CAG&#39;s Report No.15 of 2018 - Performance Audit of National Rural Drinking Water Programme (published on 7th August, 2018)</a>
                                                    </li>
                                                                                                        <li>
                                                        <a href="https://im4change.in/environment/water-and-sanitation-55.html?pgno=4#51st-report-of-standing-committee-on-rural-development-related-to-the-status-of-swachh-bharat-mission-gramin-in-various-states-published-in-july-2018">51st Report of Standing Committee on Rural Development related to the status of Swachh Bharat Mission-Gramin in various states (published in July, 2018)</a>
                                                    </li>
                                                                                                        <li>
                                                        <a href="https://im4change.in/environment/water-and-sanitation-55.html?pgno=5#swachhta-status-report-2016">Swachhta Status Report 2016</a>
                                                    </li>
                                                                                                        <li>
                                                        <a href="https://im4change.in/environment/water-and-sanitation-55.html?pgno=6#economic-survey-2015-16">Economic Survey 2015-16</a>
                                                    </li>
                                                                                                        <li>
                                                        <a href="https://im4change.in/environment/water-and-sanitation-55.html?pgno=7#progress-on-drinking-water-and-sanitation-joint-monitoring-programme-update-2014">Progress on drinking water and sanitation, Joint Monitoring Programme update 2014</a>
                                                    </li>
                                                                                                        <li>
                                                        <a href="https://im4change.in/environment/water-and-sanitation-55.html?pgno=8#key-indicators-of-drinking-water-sanitation-hygiene-and-housing-condition-in-india-july-2012-to-december-2012">Key Indicators of Drinking Water, Sanitation, Hygiene and Housing Condition in India (July 2012 to December 2012)</a>
                                                    </li>
                                                                                                        <li>
                                                        <a href="https://im4change.in/environment/water-and-sanitation-55.html?pgno=8#whounicef-joint-monitoring-report-2012-progress-on-drinking-water-and-sanitation">WHO/UNICEF joint monitoring report 2012: Progress on drinking water and sanitation</a>
                                                    </li>
                                                                                                        <li>
                                                        <a href="https://im4change.in/environment/water-and-sanitation-55.html?pgno=9#off-track-off-target-why-investment-in-water-sanitation-and-hygiene-is-not-reaching-those-who-need-it-most-2011">Off-track, off-target-Why investment in water, sanitation and hygiene is not reaching those who need it most (2011)</a>
                                                    </li>
                                                                                                </ul>
                                                                                            <div><a href="javascript:void(0)" id="morewhatsinsidelink" onClick="javascript:$('#morewhatsinside').show();$('#morewhatsinsidelink').hide();$('#lesswhatsinsidelink').show();">More</a></div>
                                                                                            <ul class="whatsinside" id="morewhatsinside" style="display:none">
                                                                                                    <li>
                                                        <a href="https://im4change.in/environment/water-and-sanitation-55.html?pgno=9#providing-safe-water-evidence-from-randomized-evaluations">Providing Safe Water: Evidence from Randomized Evaluations</a>
                                                    </li>
                                                                                                        <li>
                                                        <a href="https://im4change.in/environment/water-and-sanitation-55.html?pgno=10#housing-condition-and-amenities-in-india-2008-09-released-in-2010">Housing Condition and Amenities in India, 2008-09 (released in 2010)</a>
                                                    </li>
                                                                                                        <li>
                                                        <a href="https://im4change.in/environment/water-and-sanitation-55.html?pgno=10#progress-on-sanitation-and-drinking-water-2010-update-who-and-unicef">Progress on Sanitation and Drinking-Water: 2010 Update (WHO and UNICEF)</a>
                                                    </li>
                                                                                                        <li>
                                                        <a href="https://im4change.in/environment/water-and-sanitation-55.html?pgno=11#combating-waterborne-disease-at-the-household-level-2007">Combating Waterborne Disease at the Household Level (2007)</a>
                                                    </li>
                                                                                                        <li>
                                                        <a href="https://im4change.in/environment/water-and-sanitation-55.html?pgno=11#11th-five-year-plan">11th Five Year Plan</a>
                                                    </li>
                                                                                                </ul>
                                            <div><a style="display:none" href="javascript:void(0)" id="lesswhatsinsidelink" onClick="javascript:$('#morewhatsinside').hide();$('#morewhatsinsidelink').show();$('#lesswhatsinsidelink').hide();">Less</a></div>
                                                                                    </div>
                                    </div>
                                </div>
                            </div>
                                                    <div>
                            <br />&nbsp;</p><p style="text-align:justify">According to the United Nations&#39; report entitled: <a name="progress-on-drinking-water-and-sanitation-joint-monitoring-programme-update-2014">Progress on drinking water and sanitation, Joint Monitoring Programme update 2014</a> (released in May 2014), (Please&nbsp;<a href="https://im4change.in/siteadmin/tinymce/uploaded/Progress%20on%20drinking%20water%20and%20sanitation.pdf" title="Progress on drinking water and sanitation" title="https://im4change.in/siteadmin/tinymce/uploaded/Progress%20on%20drinking%20water%20and%20sanitation.pdf" title="Progress on drinking water and sanitation">click here</a>&nbsp;to download):</p><p style="text-align:justify">&nbsp;</p><p style="text-align:justify"><em><strong>Indian scenario</strong></em></p><p style="text-align:justify">&bull; Between 1990 and 2012, India increased access to improved drinking water source for 534 million people.</p><p style="text-align:justify">&bull; There are 92 million people in India and 112 million people in China without access to an improved drinking water source in 2012.&nbsp;</p><p style="text-align:justify">&bull; Between 1990 and 2012, India increased access to improved sanitation for 291 million people.</p><p style="text-align:justify">&bull; There are 792 million people in India and 478 million people in China without access to an improved sanitation facility in 2012.&nbsp;</p><p style="text-align:justify">&bull; Globally, India continues to be the country with the highest number of people (597 million people) practicing open defecation.</p><p style="text-align:justify">&bull; Despite having some of the highest numbers of open defecators, India (597 million people), Nigeria (39 million people) and Indonesia (54 million people) do not feature among those countries making the greatest strides in reducing open defecation.</p><p style="text-align:justify">&bull; The percentage of population practicing open defecation in India declined from 74 percent in 1990 to 63 percent in 2000 and further to 48 percent in 2012.</p><p style="text-align:justify">&bull; The percentage of population having access to improved sanitation in India rose from 18 percent in 1990 to 25 percent in 2000 and further to 36 percent in 2012.</p><p style="text-align:justify">&bull; The percentage of population having access to improved sanitation in rural India was 25 percent whereas in urban India it was 60 percent during 2012.</p><p style="text-align:justify">&bull; The percentage of population having access to improved drinking water source in India rose from 70 percent in 1990 to 81 percent in 2000 and further to 93 percent in 2012.</p><p style="text-align:justify">&bull; The percentage of population having access to improved drinking water source in rural India was 91 percent whereas in urban India it was 97 percent during 2012.</p><p style="text-align:justify">&nbsp;</p><p style="text-align:justify"><em><strong>Global scenario</strong></em></p><p style="text-align:justify">&bull; Since 1990, almost 2 billion people globally have gained access to improved sanitation, and 2.3 billion have gained access to drinking-water from improved sources.</p><p style="text-align:justify">&bull; Some 1.6 billion of these people have piped water connections in their homes or compounds.</p><p style="text-align:justify">&bull; More than half of the global population lives in cities, and urban areas are still better supplied with improved water and sanitation than rural ones. But the gap is decreasing. In 1990, more than 76% people living in urban areas had access to improved sanitation, as opposed to only 28% in rural ones. By 2012, 80% urban dwellers and 47% rural ones had access to better sanitation.</p><p style="text-align:justify">&bull; In 1990, 95% people in urban areas could drink improved water, compared with 62% people in rural ones. By 2012, 96% people living in towns and 82% of those in rural areas had access to improved water.</p><p style="text-align:justify">&bull; By 2012, 116 countries had met the Millennium Development Goal (MDG) target for drinking water, 77 had met the MDG target for sanitation and 56 countries had met both targets. MDG 7.C aims to halve, by 2015, the proportion of the population without sustainable access to safe drinking water and basic sanitation.</p><p style="text-align:justify">&bull; By the end of 2012, 89% of the global population used improved drinking water sources, a rise of 13 percentage points in 22 years or 2.3 billion people.</p><p style="text-align:justify">&bull; By the end of 2012, 64% of the global population used improved sanitation facilities, a rise of 15 percentage points since 1990. Some 2.5 billion people &ndash; two-thirds of whom live in Asia, and a quarter in sub-Saharan Africa &ndash; still use unimproved sanitation facilities. There are 46 countries where at least half the population is not using an improved sanitation facility.</p><p style="text-align:justify">&bull; Although declining across all regions, open defecation is practised by 1 billion people, 82% of whom live in 10 countries. Nine out of 10 people defecating in the open live in rural areas.</p><p style="text-align:justify">&bull; Wealthy people universally have higher access to sanitation than the poor. In some countries this gap is narrowing. The gap is increasing, however, in rural areas of countries with low coverage and for marginalized and excluded groups.</p><p style="text-align:justify">&bull; 748 million people &ndash; 90% living in sub-Saharan Africa and Asia (43% in Sub-Saharan Africa, and 47% in Asia) &ndash; still use unimproved drinking water sources; 82% live in rural areas.</p><p style="text-align:justify">&nbsp;</p><p style="text-align:justify">                                                                    <br>
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                                            <h2 style="font-weight: bold; font-size: 13px;">What's Inside</h2>
                                            <ul class="whatsinside">
                                                                                                    <li>
                                                        <a href="https://im4change.in/environment/water-and-sanitation-55.html?pgno=2#report-no-9-of-2021-performance-audit-of-ground-water-management-and-regulation-for-the-period-2013-18-laid-on-the-floor-of-the-parliament-on-21-december-2021">Report no 9 of 2021: Performance Audit of Ground Water Management and Regulation for the period 2013-18 (laid on the floor of the Parliament on 21 December, 2021)</a>
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                                                                                                        <li>
                                                        <a href="https://im4change.in/environment/water-and-sanitation-55.html?pgno=2#nss-report-no-584-drinking-water-sanitation-hygiene-and-housing-condition-in-india-nss-76th-round-july-2018-to-december-2018-released-on-23rd-november-2019">NSS Report No. 584: Drinking Water, Sanitation, Hygiene and Housing Condition in India, NSS 76th Round, July 2018 to December 2018 (released on 23rd November 2019)</a>
                                                    </li>
                                                                                                        <li>
                                                        <a href="https://im4change.in/environment/water-and-sanitation-55.html?pgno=3#cag39s-report-no-15-of-2018-performance-audit-of-national-rural-drinking-water-programme-published-on-7th-august-2018">CAG&#39;s Report No.15 of 2018 - Performance Audit of National Rural Drinking Water Programme (published on 7th August, 2018)</a>
                                                    </li>
                                                                                                        <li>
                                                        <a href="https://im4change.in/environment/water-and-sanitation-55.html?pgno=4#51st-report-of-standing-committee-on-rural-development-related-to-the-status-of-swachh-bharat-mission-gramin-in-various-states-published-in-july-2018">51st Report of Standing Committee on Rural Development related to the status of Swachh Bharat Mission-Gramin in various states (published in July, 2018)</a>
                                                    </li>
                                                                                                        <li>
                                                        <a href="https://im4change.in/environment/water-and-sanitation-55.html?pgno=5#swachhta-status-report-2016">Swachhta Status Report 2016</a>
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                                                                                                        <li>
                                                        <a href="https://im4change.in/environment/water-and-sanitation-55.html?pgno=6#economic-survey-2015-16">Economic Survey 2015-16</a>
                                                    </li>
                                                                                                        <li>
                                                        <a href="https://im4change.in/environment/water-and-sanitation-55.html?pgno=7#progress-on-drinking-water-and-sanitation-joint-monitoring-programme-update-2014">Progress on drinking water and sanitation, Joint Monitoring Programme update 2014</a>
                                                    </li>
                                                                                                        <li>
                                                        <a href="https://im4change.in/environment/water-and-sanitation-55.html?pgno=8#key-indicators-of-drinking-water-sanitation-hygiene-and-housing-condition-in-india-july-2012-to-december-2012">Key Indicators of Drinking Water, Sanitation, Hygiene and Housing Condition in India (July 2012 to December 2012)</a>
                                                    </li>
                                                                                                        <li>
                                                        <a href="https://im4change.in/environment/water-and-sanitation-55.html?pgno=8#whounicef-joint-monitoring-report-2012-progress-on-drinking-water-and-sanitation">WHO/UNICEF joint monitoring report 2012: Progress on drinking water and sanitation</a>
                                                    </li>
                                                                                                        <li>
                                                        <a href="https://im4change.in/environment/water-and-sanitation-55.html?pgno=9#off-track-off-target-why-investment-in-water-sanitation-and-hygiene-is-not-reaching-those-who-need-it-most-2011">Off-track, off-target-Why investment in water, sanitation and hygiene is not reaching those who need it most (2011)</a>
                                                    </li>
                                                                                                </ul>
                                                                                            <div><a href="javascript:void(0)" id="morewhatsinsidelink" onClick="javascript:$('#morewhatsinside').show();$('#morewhatsinsidelink').hide();$('#lesswhatsinsidelink').show();">More</a></div>
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                                                                                                    <li>
                                                        <a href="https://im4change.in/environment/water-and-sanitation-55.html?pgno=9#providing-safe-water-evidence-from-randomized-evaluations">Providing Safe Water: Evidence from Randomized Evaluations</a>
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                                                        <a href="https://im4change.in/environment/water-and-sanitation-55.html?pgno=10#housing-condition-and-amenities-in-india-2008-09-released-in-2010">Housing Condition and Amenities in India, 2008-09 (released in 2010)</a>
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                                                        <a href="https://im4change.in/environment/water-and-sanitation-55.html?pgno=10#progress-on-sanitation-and-drinking-water-2010-update-who-and-unicef">Progress on Sanitation and Drinking-Water: 2010 Update (WHO and UNICEF)</a>
                                                    </li>
                                                                                                        <li>
                                                        <a href="https://im4change.in/environment/water-and-sanitation-55.html?pgno=11#combating-waterborne-disease-at-the-household-level-2007">Combating Waterborne Disease at the Household Level (2007)</a>
                                                    </li>
                                                                                                        <li>
                                                        <a href="https://im4change.in/environment/water-and-sanitation-55.html?pgno=11#11th-five-year-plan">11th Five Year Plan</a>
                                                    </li>
                                                                                                </ul>
                                            <div><a style="display:none" href="javascript:void(0)" id="lesswhatsinsidelink" onClick="javascript:$('#morewhatsinside').hide();$('#morewhatsinsidelink').show();$('#lesswhatsinsidelink').hide();">Less</a></div>
                                                                                    </div>
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                                                    <div>
                            <br />&nbsp;</p><p style="text-align:justify">According to the United Nations&#39; report entitled: <a name="progress-on-drinking-water-and-sanitation-joint-monitoring-programme-update-2014">Progress on drinking water and sanitation, Joint Monitoring Programme update 2014</a> (released in May 2014), (Please&nbsp;<a href="https://im4change.in/siteadmin/tinymce/uploaded/Progress%20on%20drinking%20water%20and%20sanitation.pdf" title="Progress on drinking water and sanitation" title="https://im4change.in/siteadmin/tinymce/uploaded/Progress%20on%20drinking%20water%20and%20sanitation.pdf" title="Progress on drinking water and sanitation">click here</a>&nbsp;to download):</p><p style="text-align:justify">&nbsp;</p><p style="text-align:justify"><em><strong>Indian scenario</strong></em></p><p style="text-align:justify">&bull; Between 1990 and 2012, India increased access to improved drinking water source for 534 million people.</p><p style="text-align:justify">&bull; There are 92 million people in India and 112 million people in China without access to an improved drinking water source in 2012.&nbsp;</p><p style="text-align:justify">&bull; Between 1990 and 2012, India increased access to improved sanitation for 291 million people.</p><p style="text-align:justify">&bull; There are 792 million people in India and 478 million people in China without access to an improved sanitation facility in 2012.&nbsp;</p><p style="text-align:justify">&bull; Globally, India continues to be the country with the highest number of people (597 million people) practicing open defecation.</p><p style="text-align:justify">&bull; Despite having some of the highest numbers of open defecators, India (597 million people), Nigeria (39 million people) and Indonesia (54 million people) do not feature among those countries making the greatest strides in reducing open defecation.</p><p style="text-align:justify">&bull; The percentage of population practicing open defecation in India declined from 74 percent in 1990 to 63 percent in 2000 and further to 48 percent in 2012.</p><p style="text-align:justify">&bull; The percentage of population having access to improved sanitation in India rose from 18 percent in 1990 to 25 percent in 2000 and further to 36 percent in 2012.</p><p style="text-align:justify">&bull; The percentage of population having access to improved sanitation in rural India was 25 percent whereas in urban India it was 60 percent during 2012.</p><p style="text-align:justify">&bull; The percentage of population having access to improved drinking water source in India rose from 70 percent in 1990 to 81 percent in 2000 and further to 93 percent in 2012.</p><p style="text-align:justify">&bull; The percentage of population having access to improved drinking water source in rural India was 91 percent whereas in urban India it was 97 percent during 2012.</p><p style="text-align:justify">&nbsp;</p><p style="text-align:justify"><em><strong>Global scenario</strong></em></p><p style="text-align:justify">&bull; Since 1990, almost 2 billion people globally have gained access to improved sanitation, and 2.3 billion have gained access to drinking-water from improved sources.</p><p style="text-align:justify">&bull; Some 1.6 billion of these people have piped water connections in their homes or compounds.</p><p style="text-align:justify">&bull; More than half of the global population lives in cities, and urban areas are still better supplied with improved water and sanitation than rural ones. But the gap is decreasing. In 1990, more than 76% people living in urban areas had access to improved sanitation, as opposed to only 28% in rural ones. By 2012, 80% urban dwellers and 47% rural ones had access to better sanitation.</p><p style="text-align:justify">&bull; In 1990, 95% people in urban areas could drink improved water, compared with 62% people in rural ones. By 2012, 96% people living in towns and 82% of those in rural areas had access to improved water.</p><p style="text-align:justify">&bull; By 2012, 116 countries had met the Millennium Development Goal (MDG) target for drinking water, 77 had met the MDG target for sanitation and 56 countries had met both targets. MDG 7.C aims to halve, by 2015, the proportion of the population without sustainable access to safe drinking water and basic sanitation.</p><p style="text-align:justify">&bull; By the end of 2012, 89% of the global population used improved drinking water sources, a rise of 13 percentage points in 22 years or 2.3 billion people.</p><p style="text-align:justify">&bull; By the end of 2012, 64% of the global population used improved sanitation facilities, a rise of 15 percentage points since 1990. Some 2.5 billion people &ndash; two-thirds of whom live in Asia, and a quarter in sub-Saharan Africa &ndash; still use unimproved sanitation facilities. There are 46 countries where at least half the population is not using an improved sanitation facility.</p><p style="text-align:justify">&bull; Although declining across all regions, open defecation is practised by 1 billion people, 82% of whom live in 10 countries. Nine out of 10 people defecating in the open live in rural areas.</p><p style="text-align:justify">&bull; Wealthy people universally have higher access to sanitation than the poor. In some countries this gap is narrowing. The gap is increasing, however, in rural areas of countries with low coverage and for marginalized and excluded groups.</p><p style="text-align:justify">&bull; 748 million people &ndash; 90% living in sub-Saharan Africa and Asia (43% in Sub-Saharan Africa, and 47% in Asia) &ndash; still use unimproved drinking water sources; 82% live in rural areas.</p><p style="text-align:justify">&nbsp;</p><p style="text-align:justify">                                                                    <br>
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What's Inside Report no 9 of 2021: Performance Audit of Ground Water Management and Regulation for the period 2013-18 (laid on the floor of the Parliament on 21 December, 2021) NSS Report No. 584: Drinking Water, Sanitation, Hygiene and Housing Condition in India, NSS 76th Round, July 2018 to December 2018 (released on 23rd November 2019) CAG's Report No.15 of 2018 - Performance Audit of National Rural Drinking Water Programme (published on 7th August, 2018) 51st Report of Standing Committee on Rural Development related to the status of Swachh Bharat Mission-Gramin in various states (published in July, 2018) Swachhta Status Report 2016 Economic Survey 2015-16 Progress on drinking water and sanitation, Joint Monitoring Programme update 2014 Key Indicators of Drinking Water, Sanitation, Hygiene and Housing Condition in India (July 2012 to December 2012) WHO/UNICEF joint monitoring report 2012: Progress on drinking water and sanitation Off-track, off-target-Why investment in water, sanitation and hygiene is not reaching those who need it most (2011) More Providing Safe Water: Evidence from Randomized Evaluations Housing Condition and Amenities in India, 2008-09 (released in 2010) Progress on Sanitation and Drinking-Water: 2010 Update (WHO and UNICEF) Combating Waterborne Disease at the Household Level (2007) 11th Five Year Plan Less   According to the United Nations' report entitled: Progress on drinking water and sanitation, Joint Monitoring Programme update 2014 (released in May 2014), (Please click here to download):   Indian scenario • Between 1990 and 2012, India increased access to improved drinking water source for 534 million people. • There are 92 million people in India and 112 million people in China without access to an improved drinking water source in 2012.  • Between 1990 and 2012, India increased access to improved sanitation for 291 million people. • There are 792 million people in India and 478 million people in China without access to an improved sanitation facility in 2012.  • Globally, India continues to be the country with the highest number of people (597 million people) practicing open defecation. • Despite having some of the highest numbers of open defecators, India (597 million people), Nigeria (39 million people) and Indonesia (54 million people) do not feature among those countries making the greatest strides in reducing open defecation. • The percentage of population practicing open defecation in India declined from 74 percent in 1990 to 63 percent in 2000 and further to 48 percent in 2012. • The percentage of population having access to improved sanitation in India rose from 18 percent in 1990 to 25 percent in 2000 and further to 36 percent in 2012. • The percentage of population having access to improved sanitation in rural India was 25 percent whereas in urban India it was 60 percent during 2012. • The percentage of population having access to improved drinking water source in India rose from 70 percent in 1990 to 81 percent in 2000 and further to 93 percent in 2012. • The percentage of population having access to improved drinking water source in rural India was 91 percent whereas in urban India it was 97 percent during 2012.   Global scenario • Since 1990, almost 2 billion people globally have gained access to improved sanitation, and 2.3 billion have gained access to drinking-water from improved sources. • Some 1.6 billion of these people have piped water connections in their homes or compounds. • More than half of the global population lives in cities, and urban areas are still better supplied with improved water and sanitation than rural ones. But the gap is decreasing. In 1990, more than 76% people living in urban areas had access to improved sanitation, as opposed to only 28% in rural ones. By 2012, 80% urban dwellers and 47% rural ones had access to better sanitation. • In 1990, 95% people in urban areas could drink improved water, compared with 62% people in rural ones. By 2012, 96% people living in towns and 82% of those in rural areas had access to improved water. • By 2012, 116 countries had met the Millennium Development Goal (MDG) target for drinking water, 77 had met the MDG target for sanitation and 56 countries had met both targets. MDG 7.C aims to halve, by 2015, the proportion of the population without sustainable access to safe drinking water and basic sanitation. • By the end of 2012, 89% of the global population used improved drinking water sources, a rise of 13 percentage points in 22 years or 2.3 billion people. • By the end of 2012, 64% of the global population used improved sanitation facilities, a rise of 15 percentage points since 1990. Some 2.5 billion people – two-thirds of whom live in Asia, and a quarter in sub-Saharan Africa – still use unimproved sanitation facilities. There are 46 countries where at least half the population is not using an improved sanitation facility. • Although declining across all regions, open defecation is practised by 1 billion people, 82% of whom live in 10 countries. Nine out of 10 people defecating in the open live in rural areas. • Wealthy people universally have higher access to sanitation than the poor. In some countries this gap is narrowing. The gap is increasing, however, in rural areas of countries with low coverage and for marginalized and excluded groups. • 748 million people – 90% living in sub-Saharan Africa and Asia (43% in Sub-Saharan Africa, and 47% in Asia) – still use unimproved drinking water sources; 82% live in rural areas.   « previous123456789101112next »

 

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