Deprecated (16384): The ArrayAccess methods will be removed in 4.0.0.Use getParam(), getData() and getQuery() instead. - /home/brlfuser/public_html/src/Controller/ArtileDetailController.php, line: 150
 You can disable deprecation warnings by setting `Error.errorLevel` to `E_ALL & ~E_USER_DEPRECATED` in your config/app.php. [CORE/src/Core/functions.php, line 311]
Code Context


        trigger_error($message, E_USER_DEPRECATED);

    }
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 You can disable deprecation warnings by setting `Error.errorLevel` to `E_ALL & ~E_USER_DEPRECATED` in your config/app.php.'
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deprecationWarning - CORE/src/Core/functions.php, line 311
Cake\Http\ServerRequest::offsetGet() - CORE/src/Http/ServerRequest.php, line 2421
App\Controller\ArtileDetailController::index() - APP/Controller/ArtileDetailController.php, line 150
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Cake\Http\ActionDispatcher::_invoke() - CORE/src/Http/ActionDispatcher.php, line 120
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Cake\Http\Runner::__invoke() - CORE/src/Http/Runner.php, line 65
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Cake\Http\Runner::__invoke() - CORE/src/Http/Runner.php, line 65
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Cake\Http\Runner::__invoke() - CORE/src/Http/Runner.php, line 65
Cake\Error\Middleware\ErrorHandlerMiddleware::__invoke() - CORE/src/Error/Middleware/ErrorHandlerMiddleware.php, line 96
Cake\Http\Runner::__invoke() - CORE/src/Http/Runner.php, line 65
Cake\Http\Runner::run() - CORE/src/Http/Runner.php, line 51
Cake\Http\Server::run() - CORE/src/Http/Server.php, line 98

Deprecated (16384): The ArrayAccess methods will be removed in 4.0.0.Use getParam(), getData() and getQuery() instead. - /home/brlfuser/public_html/src/Controller/ArtileDetailController.php, line: 151
 You can disable deprecation warnings by setting `Error.errorLevel` to `E_ALL & ~E_USER_DEPRECATED` in your config/app.php. [CORE/src/Core/functions.php, line 311]
Code Context


        trigger_error($message, E_USER_DEPRECATED);

    }
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 You can disable deprecation warnings by setting `Error.errorLevel` to `E_ALL & ~E_USER_DEPRECATED` in your config/app.php.'
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deprecationWarning - CORE/src/Core/functions.php, line 311
Cake\Http\ServerRequest::offsetGet() - CORE/src/Http/ServerRequest.php, line 2421
App\Controller\ArtileDetailController::index() - APP/Controller/ArtileDetailController.php, line 151
Cake\Controller\Controller::invokeAction() - CORE/src/Controller/Controller.php, line 610
Cake\Http\ActionDispatcher::_invoke() - CORE/src/Http/ActionDispatcher.php, line 120
Cake\Http\ActionDispatcher::dispatch() - CORE/src/Http/ActionDispatcher.php, line 94
Cake\Http\BaseApplication::__invoke() - CORE/src/Http/BaseApplication.php, line 235
Cake\Http\Runner::__invoke() - CORE/src/Http/Runner.php, line 65
Cake\Routing\Middleware\RoutingMiddleware::__invoke() - CORE/src/Routing/Middleware/RoutingMiddleware.php, line 162
Cake\Http\Runner::__invoke() - CORE/src/Http/Runner.php, line 65
Cake\Routing\Middleware\AssetMiddleware::__invoke() - CORE/src/Routing/Middleware/AssetMiddleware.php, line 97
Cake\Http\Runner::__invoke() - CORE/src/Http/Runner.php, line 65
Cake\Error\Middleware\ErrorHandlerMiddleware::__invoke() - CORE/src/Error/Middleware/ErrorHandlerMiddleware.php, line 96
Cake\Http\Runner::__invoke() - CORE/src/Http/Runner.php, line 65
Cake\Http\Runner::run() - CORE/src/Http/Runner.php, line 51
Cake\Http\Server::run() - CORE/src/Http/Server.php, line 98

Warning (512): Unable to emit headers. Headers sent in file=/home/brlfuser/public_html/vendor/cakephp/cakephp/src/Error/Debugger.php line=853 [CORE/src/Http/ResponseEmitter.php, line 48]
Code Context
            if (Configure::read('debug')) {

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        Hunger / HDI | Public Health    </title>
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&bull; The 2019&nbsp;India&nbsp;TB&nbsp;report&nbsp;says&nbsp;that the&nbsp;country&nbsp;accounted for a quarter of the global tuberculosis (TB) burden with an estimated 27 lakh cases in 2018. In 2018, the country was able to achieve a total notification of 21.5 lakh TB cases, of which..."/>
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&bull; The 2019&nbsp;India&nbsp;TB&nbsp;report&nbsp;says&nbsp;that the&nbsp;country&nbsp;accounted for a quarter of the global tuberculosis (TB) burden with an estimated 27 lakh cases in 2018. In 2018, the country was able to achieve a total notification of 21.5 lakh TB cases, of which..." />
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                                            <h2 style="font-weight: bold; font-size: 13px;">What's Inside</h2>
                                            <ul class="whatsinside">
                                                                                                    <li>
                                                        <a href="https://im4change.in/hunger-hdi/public-health-51.html?pgno=2#global-tuberculosis-report-2022-released-in-october-2022">Global Tuberculosis Report 2022 (released in October 2022)</a>
                                                    </li>
                                                                                                        <li>
                                                        <a href="https://im4change.in/hunger-hdi/public-health-51.html?pgno=3#rural-health-statistics-2020-21-released-in-may-2022">Rural Health Statistics 2020-21 (released in May 2022)</a>
                                                    </li>
                                                                                                        <li>
                                                        <a href="https://im4change.in/hunger-hdi/public-health-51.html?pgno=4#india-tb-report-2022-coming-together-to-end-tb-altogether-released-in-march-2022">India TB Report 2022: Coming Together to End TB Altogether (released in March 2022)</a>
                                                    </li>
                                                                                                        <li>
                                                        <a href="https://im4change.in/hunger-hdi/public-health-51.html?pgno=5#press-release-by-jan-swasthya-abhiyan-dated-february-2-2022">Press release by Jan Swasthya Abhiyan dated February 2, 2022</a>
                                                    </li>
                                                                                                        <li>
                                                        <a href="https://im4change.in/hunger-hdi/public-health-51.html?pgno=5#securing-rights-of-patients-in-india-lessons-from-rapid-surveys-on-peoplesrsquo-experiences-of-patientrsquos-rights-charter-and-the-covid-19-vaccination-drive-released-on-18-november-2021">Securing Rights of Patients in India: Lessons from rapid surveys on peoples&rsquo; experiences of Patient&rsquo;s Rights Charter and the COVID-19 vaccination drive (released on 18 November, 2021)</a>
                                                    </li>
                                                                                                        <li>
                                                        <a href="https://im4change.in/hunger-hdi/public-health-51.html?pgno=6#39covid-19-third-wave-preparedness-childrenrsquos-vulnerability-and-recovery39-released-on-2nd-august-2021">&#39;COVID-19 Third Wave Preparedness: Children&rsquo;s Vulnerability and Recovery&#39; (released on 2nd August, 2021)</a>
                                                    </li>
                                                                                                        <li>
                                                        <a href="https://im4change.in/hunger-hdi/public-health-51.html?pgno=6#oxfam-india39s-inequality-report-2021-india39s-unequal-healthcare-story-released-on-19th-july-2021">Oxfam India&#39;s Inequality Report 2021: India&#39;s Unequal Healthcare Story (released on 19th July, 2021)</a>
                                                    </li>
                                                                                                        <li>
                                                        <a href="https://im4change.in/hunger-hdi/public-health-51.html?pgno=7#standard-operating-procedure-sop-on-covid-19-containment-and-management-in-peri-urban-rural-and-tribal-areas">Standard Operating Procedure (SOP) on COVID-19 Containment and Management in Peri-urban, Rural and Tribal areas</a>
                                                    </li>
                                                                                                        <li>
                                                        <a href="https://im4change.in/hunger-hdi/public-health-51.html?pgno=7#rural-health-statistics-2019-20-released-in-april-2021">Rural Health Statistics 2019-20 (released in April 2021)</a>
                                                    </li>
                                                                                                        <li>
                                                        <a href="https://im4change.in/hunger-hdi/public-health-51.html?pgno=8#india-fact-sheet-of-longitudinal-ageing-study-in-india-lasi-wave-1-released-in-2021">India Fact Sheet of Longitudinal Ageing Study in India (LASI) -- Wave-1 (released in 2021)</a>
                                                    </li>
                                                                                                </ul>
                                                                                            <div><a href="javascript:void(0)" id="morewhatsinsidelink" onClick="javascript:$('#morewhatsinside').show();$('#morewhatsinsidelink').hide();$('#lesswhatsinsidelink').show();">More</a></div>
                                                                                            <ul class="whatsinside" id="morewhatsinside" style="display:none">
                                                                                                    <li>
                                                        <a href="https://im4change.in/hunger-hdi/public-health-51.html?pgno=8#executive-summary-of-longitudinal-ageing-study-in-india-lasi-wave-1-released-in-2021">Executive Summary of Longitudinal Ageing Study in India (LASI) -- Wave-1 (released in 2021)</a>
                                                    </li>
                                                                                                        <li>
                                                        <a href="https://im4change.in/hunger-hdi/public-health-51.html?pgno=8#a-neglected-tragedy-the-global-burden-of-stillbirths-report-of-the-un-inter-agency-group-for-child-mortality-estimation-2020-released-in-october-2020">A Neglected Tragedy: The global burden of stillbirths -- Report of the UN Inter-agency Group for Child Mortality Estimation, 2020 (released in October 2020)</a>
                                                    </li>
                                                                                                        <li>
                                                        <a href="https://im4change.in/hunger-hdi/public-health-51.html?pgno=9#sample-registration-system-statistical-report-2018-released-in-june-2020">Sample Registration System Statistical Report 2018 (released in June 2020)</a>
                                                    </li>
                                                                                                        <li>
                                                        <a href="https://im4change.in/hunger-hdi/public-health-51.html?pgno=10#faq-on-covid-19-prepared-by-the-ministry-of-health-and-family-welfare">FAQ on COVID-19 prepared by the Ministry of Health and Family Welfare</a>
                                                    </li>
                                                                                                        <li>
                                                        <a href="https://im4change.in/hunger-hdi/public-health-51.html?pgno=10#containment-plan-for-large-outbreaks-novel-coronavirus-disease-2019">Containment Plan for Large Outbreaks Novel Coronavirus Disease 2019</a>
                                                    </li>
                                                                                                        <li>
                                                        <a href="https://im4change.in/hunger-hdi/public-health-51.html?pgno=10#background-note-on-covid-19">Background Note on COVID-19</a>
                                                    </li>
                                                                                                        <li>
                                                        <a href="https://im4change.in/hunger-hdi/public-health-51.html?pgno=10#statement-on-the-covid-19-pandemic">Statement on the COVID-19 pandemic</a>
                                                    </li>
                                                                                                        <li>
                                                        <a href="https://im4change.in/hunger-hdi/public-health-51.html?pgno=10#high-level-group-on-health-sector-2019-submitted-to-the-fifteenth-finance-commission-of-india">High Level Group on Health Sector (2019), submitted to the Fifteenth Finance Commission of India</a>
                                                    </li>
                                                                                                        <li>
                                                        <a href="https://im4change.in/hunger-hdi/public-health-51.html?pgno=10#nss-75th-round-report-key-indicators-of-social-consumption-in-india-health-july-2017-to-june-2018-released-on-23rd-november-2019">NSS 75th Round Report: Key Indicators of Social Consumption in India: Health, July 2017 to June 2018 (released on 23rd November 2019)</a>
                                                    </li>
                                                                                                        <li>
                                                        <a href="https://im4change.in/hunger-hdi/public-health-51.html?pgno=11#2019-india-tb-report-released-in-september-2019">2019 India TB report (released in September 2019)</a>
                                                    </li>
                                                                                                        <li>
                                                        <a href="https://im4change.in/hunger-hdi/public-health-51.html?pgno=12#trends-in-maternal-mortality-2000-to-2017-estimates-by-who-unicef-world-bank-group-unfpa-and-the-united-nations-population-division-released-in-september-2019">Trends in Maternal Mortality 2000 to 2017: Estimates by WHO, UNICEF, World Bank Group, UNFPA and the United Nations Population Division (released in September 2019)</a>
                                                    </li>
                                                                                                        <li>
                                                        <a href="https://im4change.in/hunger-hdi/public-health-51.html?pgno=13#national-health-profile-2018-13th-issue">National Health Profile 2018, 13th Issue</a>
                                                    </li>
                                                                                                        <li>
                                                        <a href="https://im4change.in/hunger-hdi/public-health-51.html?pgno=14#india-health-of-the-nationrsquos-states-the-india-state-level-disease-burden-initiative-disease-burden-trends-in-the-states-of-india-1990-to-2016-released-in-october-2017">India: Health of the Nation&rsquo;s States - The India State-Level Disease Burden Initiative, Disease Burden Trends in the States of India 1990 to 2016 (released in October, 2017) </a>
                                                    </li>
                                                                                                        <li>
                                                        <a href="https://im4change.in/hunger-hdi/public-health-51.html?pgno=15#national-health-accounts-estimates-for-india-2014-15-released-in-october-2017">National Health Accounts: Estimates for India 2014-15 (released in October, 2017)</a>
                                                    </li>
                                                                                                        <li>
                                                        <a href="https://im4change.in/hunger-hdi/public-health-51.html?pgno=16#national-health-policy-2017">National Health Policy 2017</a>
                                                    </li>
                                                                                                        <li>
                                                        <a href="https://im4change.in/hunger-hdi/public-health-51.html?pgno=16#national-health-profile-2015">National Health Profile 2015</a>
                                                    </li>
                                                                                                        <li>
                                                        <a href="https://im4change.in/hunger-hdi/public-health-51.html?pgno=17#71st-round-nss-report-key-indicators-of-social-consumption-in-india-health-published-in-june-2015">71st round NSS report: Key Indicators of Social Consumption in India Health (published in June 2015)</a>
                                                    </li>
                                                                                                        <li>
                                                        <a href="https://im4change.in/hunger-hdi/public-health-51.html?pgno=18#draft-national-health-policy-2015-published-in-december-2014">Draft National Health Policy 2015 (published in December 2014)</a>
                                                    </li>
                                                                                                        <li>
                                                        <a href="https://im4change.in/hunger-hdi/public-health-51.html?pgno=19#economic-burden-of-tobacco-related-diseases-in-india">Economic Burden of Tobacco Related Diseases in India</a>
                                                    </li>
                                                                                                        <li>
                                                        <a href="https://im4change.in/hunger-hdi/public-health-51.html?pgno=19#trends-in-maternal-mortality-estimates-1990-to-2013">Trends in maternal mortality estimates 1990 to 2013</a>
                                                    </li>
                                                                                                        <li>
                                                        <a href="https://im4change.in/hunger-hdi/public-health-51.html?pgno=20#rural-health-statistics-in-india-2012">Rural Health Statistics in India 2012</a>
                                                    </li>
                                                                                                        <li>
                                                        <a href="https://im4change.in/hunger-hdi/public-health-51.html?pgno=20#committing-to-child-survival-a-promise-renewed-progress-report-2013">Committing to Child Survival: A Promise Renewed Progress Report 2013</a>
                                                    </li>
                                                                                                        <li>
                                                        <a href="https://im4change.in/hunger-hdi/public-health-51.html?pgno=21#pneumonia-progress-report-2012">Pneumonia Progress Report, 2012</a>
                                                    </li>
                                                                                                        <li>
                                                        <a href="https://im4change.in/hunger-hdi/public-health-51.html?pgno=21#defeating-malaria-in-asia-the-pacific-americas-middle-east-and-europe-november-2012">Defeating malaria in Asia, the Pacific, Americas, Middle East and Europe, November, 2012</a>
                                                    </li>
                                                                                                        <li>
                                                        <a href="https://im4change.in/hunger-hdi/public-health-51.html?pgno=22#children-in-india-2012-a-statistical-appraisal">Children in India 2012-A Statistical Appraisal</a>
                                                    </li>
                                                                                                        <li>
                                                        <a href="https://im4change.in/hunger-hdi/public-health-51.html?pgno=23#who-global-report-mortality-attributable-to-tobacco-2012">WHO Global Report: Mortality Attributable to Tobacco (2012)</a>
                                                    </li>
                                                                                                        <li>
                                                        <a href="https://im4change.in/hunger-hdi/public-health-51.html?pgno=23#the-growing-danger-of-non-communicable-diseases-acting-now-to-reverse-course-2011">The Growing Danger of Non-Communicable Diseases: Acting Now to Reverse Course (2011)</a>
                                                    </li>
                                                                                                        <li>
                                                        <a href="https://im4change.in/hunger-hdi/public-health-51.html?pgno=24#aids-at-30-nations-at-the-crossroads-2011">AIDS at 30: Nations at the crossroads (2011)</a>
                                                    </li>
                                                                                                        <li>
                                                        <a href="https://im4change.in/hunger-hdi/public-health-51.html?pgno=25#a-fair-chance-at-life-why-equity-matters-for-children-2010">A Fair Chance at Life: Why Equity Matters for Children (2010)</a>
                                                    </li>
                                                                                                        <li>
                                                        <a href="https://im4change.in/hunger-hdi/public-health-51.html?pgno=25#women-on-the-front-lines-of-health-care-state-of-the-world39s-mothers-2010">Women on the Front Lines of Health Care, State of the World&#39;s Mothers 2010</a>
                                                    </li>
                                                                                                        <li>
                                                        <a href="https://im4change.in/hunger-hdi/public-health-51.html?pgno=25#performance-audit-report-no-8-of-2009-10">Performance Audit-Report No. 8 of 2009-10</a>
                                                    </li>
                                                                                                        <li>
                                                        <a href="https://im4change.in/hunger-hdi/public-health-51.html?pgno=25#lsquodiarrhoea-why-children-are-still-dying-and-what-can-be-donersquo-2009">&lsquo;Diarrhoea: Why children are still dying and what can be done?&rsquo; (2009)</a>
                                                    </li>
                                                                                                        <li>
                                                        <a href="https://im4change.in/hunger-hdi/public-health-51.html?pgno=26#world-health-statistics-2009">World Health Statistics 2009</a>
                                                    </li>
                                                                                                        <li>
                                                        <a href="https://im4change.in/hunger-hdi/public-health-51.html?pgno=26#national-family-health-survey-iii-2005-06">National Family Health Survey-III (2005-06)</a>
                                                    </li>
                                                                                                </ul>
                                            <div><a style="display:none" href="javascript:void(0)" id="lesswhatsinsidelink" onClick="javascript:$('#morewhatsinside').hide();$('#morewhatsinsidelink').show();$('#lesswhatsinsidelink').hide();">Less</a></div>
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                                </div>
                            </div>
                                                    <div>
                            &nbsp;</p><p style="text-align:justify">According to <a name="children-in-india-2012-a-statistical-appraisal">Children in India 2012-A Statistical Appraisal</a>, Ministry of Statistics and Programme Implementation, GoI, please <a href="https://im4change.org/docs/659Children_in_India_2012.pdf" title="https://im4change.org/docs/659Children_in_India_2012.pdf">click here</a> to access:</p><p style="text-align:justify">&nbsp;</p><p style="text-align:justify"><em><strong>Neonatal Mortality Rate</strong></em></p><p style="text-align:justify">&bull; In 2010, the neonatal mortality rate (Probability of dying in the first month of life, expressed per 1,000 live births) at national level is at 33 and ranges from 19 in urban areas to 36 in rural areas. Among bigger states, neo-natal mortality rate is highest in Madhya Pradesh (44) and lowest in Kerala (7).</p><p style="text-align:justify">&bull; The rural&ndash;urban gap in neo natal mortality rate was highest in Andhra Pradesh and Assam (23 points), followed by Rajasthan (22 points). The rural &ndash;urban gap in neo natal mortality rate lowest in Kerala (3 points), followed by Tamil Nadu (6 points).</p><p style="text-align:justify">&bull; Factors which affect fetal and neonatal deaths are primarily endogenous, while those which affect post neonatal deaths are primarily exogenous. The endogenous factors are related to the formation of the foetus in the womb and are therefore, mainly biological in nature. Among the biological factors affecting fetal and neonatal infant mortality rates the important ones are the age of the mother, birth order, period of spacing between births, prematurity, weight at birth, mothers health.</p><p style="text-align:justify">&nbsp;</p><p style="text-align:justify"><em><strong>Infant Mortality Rate&nbsp;</strong></em></p><p style="text-align:justify">&bull; Infant Mortality Rate (Probability of dying between birth and exactly 1 year of age, expressed per 1,000 live births) has declined for males from 78 in 1990 to 46 in 2010 and for females the decline was from 81 to 49 during this period.</p><p style="text-align:justify">&bull; Infant Mortality Rate for the country as a whole declined from 66 in 2001 to 47 in 2010. With the present improved trend due to sharp fall during 2008-09, the national level estimate of infant mortality rate is likely to be 44 against the MDG target of 27 in 2015.</p><p style="text-align:justify">&bull; Infant Mortality Rate has declined in urban areas from 50 in 1990 to 31 in 2010, whereas in rural areas Infant Mortality Rate has declined from 86 to 51 during the same period.</p><p style="text-align:justify">&bull; Infant Mortality Rate in 2010, was lowest in Goa (10) followed by Kerala (13) and Manipur (14). The States of Madhya Pradesh (62), Orissa (61), Uttar Pradesh (61), Assam (58), Meghalaya (55), Rajasthan (55), Chhattisgarh (51), Bihar (48) and Haryana (48) reported infant mortality rate above the national average (47).</p><p style="text-align:justify">&bull; Among infants, the main causes of death are: Certain Conditions Originating in the Perinatal Period (67.2%), Certain infectious and Parasitic diseases (8.3%), Diseases of the Respiratory System (7.7%), Congenial Malformations, Deformations &amp; chromosomal Abnormalities (3.3%), Other causes (10.6%).</p><p style="text-align:justify">&nbsp;</p><p style="text-align:justify"><em><strong>Under Five Mortality Rate&nbsp;</strong></em></p><p style="text-align:justify">&bull; Under Five Mortality Rate (Probability of dying between birth and exactly 5 years of age, expressed per 1,000 live births) in India for the year 2010, stands at 59 and it varies from 66 in rural areas to 38 in Urban areas.</p><p style="text-align:justify">&bull; Under Five Mortality Rate stood at 64 for females whereas it is 55 for males in 2010.</p><p style="text-align:justify">&bull; Under Five Mortality Rate varies from lowest in Kerala (15), followed by 27 in Tamil Nadu to alarmingly high level in Assam (83), followed by Madhya Pradesh (82), Uttar Pradesh (79) and Odisha (78).</p><p style="text-align:justify">&bull; Given to reduce Under Five Mortality Rate to 42 per thousand live births by 2015, India tends to reach near to 52 by that year missing the target by 10 percentage points.</p><p style="text-align:justify">&bull; Among children aged 0 to 4 years, the main causes of death are: Certain infectious and Parasitic Diseases (23.1%), Diseases of the Respiratory System (16.1%), Diseases of the Nervous System (12.1%), Diseases of the Circulatory System (7.9%), Injury, Poisoning etc (0.9%), Other major causes (33.9 %).</p><p style="text-align:justify">&nbsp;</p><p style="text-align:justify"><em><strong>Immunization</strong></em></p><p style="text-align:justify">&bull; At national level, 61% of the children aged 12-23 months have received full immunization in 2009. The coverage of immunization was higher in urban areas (67.4%) as compared to that in the rural areas (58.5%).&nbsp;</p><p style="text-align:justify">&bull; Nearly 8% Indian children did not receive even a single vaccine in 2009. Nearly 62% of the male children aged 12-23 months have received full immunization, while among the females it was nearly 60%.</p><p style="text-align:justify">&bull; 76.6 percent of children aged 12-23 months received full immunization coverage whose mothers had 12 or more years of education whereas 45.3 percent of children whose mothers had no education got full immunization.</p><p style="text-align:justify">&bull; About 75.5% of children of less than one year belonging to the highest wealth index group are fully immunized while only 47.3% from the lowest quintile are fully immunized.</p><p style="text-align:justify">&bull; The full immunization coverage of children age 12-23 months is highest in Goa (87.9%), followed by Sikkim (85.3%), Punjab (83.6%), and Kerala (81.5%). The full immunization coverage is lowest in Arunachal Pradesh (24.8%).</p><p style="text-align:justify">&nbsp;</p><p style="text-align:justify">                                                                    <br>
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    <h1 class="cat-box-title">Public Health</h1>
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                                            <h2 style="font-weight: bold; font-size: 13px;">What's Inside</h2>
                                            <ul class="whatsinside">
                                                                                                    <li>
                                                        <a href="https://im4change.in/hunger-hdi/public-health-51.html?pgno=2#global-tuberculosis-report-2022-released-in-october-2022">Global Tuberculosis Report 2022 (released in October 2022)</a>
                                                    </li>
                                                                                                        <li>
                                                        <a href="https://im4change.in/hunger-hdi/public-health-51.html?pgno=3#rural-health-statistics-2020-21-released-in-may-2022">Rural Health Statistics 2020-21 (released in May 2022)</a>
                                                    </li>
                                                                                                        <li>
                                                        <a href="https://im4change.in/hunger-hdi/public-health-51.html?pgno=4#india-tb-report-2022-coming-together-to-end-tb-altogether-released-in-march-2022">India TB Report 2022: Coming Together to End TB Altogether (released in March 2022)</a>
                                                    </li>
                                                                                                        <li>
                                                        <a href="https://im4change.in/hunger-hdi/public-health-51.html?pgno=5#press-release-by-jan-swasthya-abhiyan-dated-february-2-2022">Press release by Jan Swasthya Abhiyan dated February 2, 2022</a>
                                                    </li>
                                                                                                        <li>
                                                        <a href="https://im4change.in/hunger-hdi/public-health-51.html?pgno=5#securing-rights-of-patients-in-india-lessons-from-rapid-surveys-on-peoplesrsquo-experiences-of-patientrsquos-rights-charter-and-the-covid-19-vaccination-drive-released-on-18-november-2021">Securing Rights of Patients in India: Lessons from rapid surveys on peoples&rsquo; experiences of Patient&rsquo;s Rights Charter and the COVID-19 vaccination drive (released on 18 November, 2021)</a>
                                                    </li>
                                                                                                        <li>
                                                        <a href="https://im4change.in/hunger-hdi/public-health-51.html?pgno=6#39covid-19-third-wave-preparedness-childrenrsquos-vulnerability-and-recovery39-released-on-2nd-august-2021">&#39;COVID-19 Third Wave Preparedness: Children&rsquo;s Vulnerability and Recovery&#39; (released on 2nd August, 2021)</a>
                                                    </li>
                                                                                                        <li>
                                                        <a href="https://im4change.in/hunger-hdi/public-health-51.html?pgno=6#oxfam-india39s-inequality-report-2021-india39s-unequal-healthcare-story-released-on-19th-july-2021">Oxfam India&#39;s Inequality Report 2021: India&#39;s Unequal Healthcare Story (released on 19th July, 2021)</a>
                                                    </li>
                                                                                                        <li>
                                                        <a href="https://im4change.in/hunger-hdi/public-health-51.html?pgno=7#standard-operating-procedure-sop-on-covid-19-containment-and-management-in-peri-urban-rural-and-tribal-areas">Standard Operating Procedure (SOP) on COVID-19 Containment and Management in Peri-urban, Rural and Tribal areas</a>
                                                    </li>
                                                                                                        <li>
                                                        <a href="https://im4change.in/hunger-hdi/public-health-51.html?pgno=7#rural-health-statistics-2019-20-released-in-april-2021">Rural Health Statistics 2019-20 (released in April 2021)</a>
                                                    </li>
                                                                                                        <li>
                                                        <a href="https://im4change.in/hunger-hdi/public-health-51.html?pgno=8#india-fact-sheet-of-longitudinal-ageing-study-in-india-lasi-wave-1-released-in-2021">India Fact Sheet of Longitudinal Ageing Study in India (LASI) -- Wave-1 (released in 2021)</a>
                                                    </li>
                                                                                                </ul>
                                                                                            <div><a href="javascript:void(0)" id="morewhatsinsidelink" onClick="javascript:$('#morewhatsinside').show();$('#morewhatsinsidelink').hide();$('#lesswhatsinsidelink').show();">More</a></div>
                                                                                            <ul class="whatsinside" id="morewhatsinside" style="display:none">
                                                                                                    <li>
                                                        <a href="https://im4change.in/hunger-hdi/public-health-51.html?pgno=8#executive-summary-of-longitudinal-ageing-study-in-india-lasi-wave-1-released-in-2021">Executive Summary of Longitudinal Ageing Study in India (LASI) -- Wave-1 (released in 2021)</a>
                                                    </li>
                                                                                                        <li>
                                                        <a href="https://im4change.in/hunger-hdi/public-health-51.html?pgno=8#a-neglected-tragedy-the-global-burden-of-stillbirths-report-of-the-un-inter-agency-group-for-child-mortality-estimation-2020-released-in-october-2020">A Neglected Tragedy: The global burden of stillbirths -- Report of the UN Inter-agency Group for Child Mortality Estimation, 2020 (released in October 2020)</a>
                                                    </li>
                                                                                                        <li>
                                                        <a href="https://im4change.in/hunger-hdi/public-health-51.html?pgno=9#sample-registration-system-statistical-report-2018-released-in-june-2020">Sample Registration System Statistical Report 2018 (released in June 2020)</a>
                                                    </li>
                                                                                                        <li>
                                                        <a href="https://im4change.in/hunger-hdi/public-health-51.html?pgno=10#faq-on-covid-19-prepared-by-the-ministry-of-health-and-family-welfare">FAQ on COVID-19 prepared by the Ministry of Health and Family Welfare</a>
                                                    </li>
                                                                                                        <li>
                                                        <a href="https://im4change.in/hunger-hdi/public-health-51.html?pgno=10#containment-plan-for-large-outbreaks-novel-coronavirus-disease-2019">Containment Plan for Large Outbreaks Novel Coronavirus Disease 2019</a>
                                                    </li>
                                                                                                        <li>
                                                        <a href="https://im4change.in/hunger-hdi/public-health-51.html?pgno=10#background-note-on-covid-19">Background Note on COVID-19</a>
                                                    </li>
                                                                                                        <li>
                                                        <a href="https://im4change.in/hunger-hdi/public-health-51.html?pgno=10#statement-on-the-covid-19-pandemic">Statement on the COVID-19 pandemic</a>
                                                    </li>
                                                                                                        <li>
                                                        <a href="https://im4change.in/hunger-hdi/public-health-51.html?pgno=10#high-level-group-on-health-sector-2019-submitted-to-the-fifteenth-finance-commission-of-india">High Level Group on Health Sector (2019), submitted to the Fifteenth Finance Commission of India</a>
                                                    </li>
                                                                                                        <li>
                                                        <a href="https://im4change.in/hunger-hdi/public-health-51.html?pgno=10#nss-75th-round-report-key-indicators-of-social-consumption-in-india-health-july-2017-to-june-2018-released-on-23rd-november-2019">NSS 75th Round Report: Key Indicators of Social Consumption in India: Health, July 2017 to June 2018 (released on 23rd November 2019)</a>
                                                    </li>
                                                                                                        <li>
                                                        <a href="https://im4change.in/hunger-hdi/public-health-51.html?pgno=11#2019-india-tb-report-released-in-september-2019">2019 India TB report (released in September 2019)</a>
                                                    </li>
                                                                                                        <li>
                                                        <a href="https://im4change.in/hunger-hdi/public-health-51.html?pgno=12#trends-in-maternal-mortality-2000-to-2017-estimates-by-who-unicef-world-bank-group-unfpa-and-the-united-nations-population-division-released-in-september-2019">Trends in Maternal Mortality 2000 to 2017: Estimates by WHO, UNICEF, World Bank Group, UNFPA and the United Nations Population Division (released in September 2019)</a>
                                                    </li>
                                                                                                        <li>
                                                        <a href="https://im4change.in/hunger-hdi/public-health-51.html?pgno=13#national-health-profile-2018-13th-issue">National Health Profile 2018, 13th Issue</a>
                                                    </li>
                                                                                                        <li>
                                                        <a href="https://im4change.in/hunger-hdi/public-health-51.html?pgno=14#india-health-of-the-nationrsquos-states-the-india-state-level-disease-burden-initiative-disease-burden-trends-in-the-states-of-india-1990-to-2016-released-in-october-2017">India: Health of the Nation&rsquo;s States - The India State-Level Disease Burden Initiative, Disease Burden Trends in the States of India 1990 to 2016 (released in October, 2017) </a>
                                                    </li>
                                                                                                        <li>
                                                        <a href="https://im4change.in/hunger-hdi/public-health-51.html?pgno=15#national-health-accounts-estimates-for-india-2014-15-released-in-october-2017">National Health Accounts: Estimates for India 2014-15 (released in October, 2017)</a>
                                                    </li>
                                                                                                        <li>
                                                        <a href="https://im4change.in/hunger-hdi/public-health-51.html?pgno=16#national-health-policy-2017">National Health Policy 2017</a>
                                                    </li>
                                                                                                        <li>
                                                        <a href="https://im4change.in/hunger-hdi/public-health-51.html?pgno=16#national-health-profile-2015">National Health Profile 2015</a>
                                                    </li>
                                                                                                        <li>
                                                        <a href="https://im4change.in/hunger-hdi/public-health-51.html?pgno=17#71st-round-nss-report-key-indicators-of-social-consumption-in-india-health-published-in-june-2015">71st round NSS report: Key Indicators of Social Consumption in India Health (published in June 2015)</a>
                                                    </li>
                                                                                                        <li>
                                                        <a href="https://im4change.in/hunger-hdi/public-health-51.html?pgno=18#draft-national-health-policy-2015-published-in-december-2014">Draft National Health Policy 2015 (published in December 2014)</a>
                                                    </li>
                                                                                                        <li>
                                                        <a href="https://im4change.in/hunger-hdi/public-health-51.html?pgno=19#economic-burden-of-tobacco-related-diseases-in-india">Economic Burden of Tobacco Related Diseases in India</a>
                                                    </li>
                                                                                                        <li>
                                                        <a href="https://im4change.in/hunger-hdi/public-health-51.html?pgno=19#trends-in-maternal-mortality-estimates-1990-to-2013">Trends in maternal mortality estimates 1990 to 2013</a>
                                                    </li>
                                                                                                        <li>
                                                        <a href="https://im4change.in/hunger-hdi/public-health-51.html?pgno=20#rural-health-statistics-in-india-2012">Rural Health Statistics in India 2012</a>
                                                    </li>
                                                                                                        <li>
                                                        <a href="https://im4change.in/hunger-hdi/public-health-51.html?pgno=20#committing-to-child-survival-a-promise-renewed-progress-report-2013">Committing to Child Survival: A Promise Renewed Progress Report 2013</a>
                                                    </li>
                                                                                                        <li>
                                                        <a href="https://im4change.in/hunger-hdi/public-health-51.html?pgno=21#pneumonia-progress-report-2012">Pneumonia Progress Report, 2012</a>
                                                    </li>
                                                                                                        <li>
                                                        <a href="https://im4change.in/hunger-hdi/public-health-51.html?pgno=21#defeating-malaria-in-asia-the-pacific-americas-middle-east-and-europe-november-2012">Defeating malaria in Asia, the Pacific, Americas, Middle East and Europe, November, 2012</a>
                                                    </li>
                                                                                                        <li>
                                                        <a href="https://im4change.in/hunger-hdi/public-health-51.html?pgno=22#children-in-india-2012-a-statistical-appraisal">Children in India 2012-A Statistical Appraisal</a>
                                                    </li>
                                                                                                        <li>
                                                        <a href="https://im4change.in/hunger-hdi/public-health-51.html?pgno=23#who-global-report-mortality-attributable-to-tobacco-2012">WHO Global Report: Mortality Attributable to Tobacco (2012)</a>
                                                    </li>
                                                                                                        <li>
                                                        <a href="https://im4change.in/hunger-hdi/public-health-51.html?pgno=23#the-growing-danger-of-non-communicable-diseases-acting-now-to-reverse-course-2011">The Growing Danger of Non-Communicable Diseases: Acting Now to Reverse Course (2011)</a>
                                                    </li>
                                                                                                        <li>
                                                        <a href="https://im4change.in/hunger-hdi/public-health-51.html?pgno=24#aids-at-30-nations-at-the-crossroads-2011">AIDS at 30: Nations at the crossroads (2011)</a>
                                                    </li>
                                                                                                        <li>
                                                        <a href="https://im4change.in/hunger-hdi/public-health-51.html?pgno=25#a-fair-chance-at-life-why-equity-matters-for-children-2010">A Fair Chance at Life: Why Equity Matters for Children (2010)</a>
                                                    </li>
                                                                                                        <li>
                                                        <a href="https://im4change.in/hunger-hdi/public-health-51.html?pgno=25#women-on-the-front-lines-of-health-care-state-of-the-world39s-mothers-2010">Women on the Front Lines of Health Care, State of the World&#39;s Mothers 2010</a>
                                                    </li>
                                                                                                        <li>
                                                        <a href="https://im4change.in/hunger-hdi/public-health-51.html?pgno=25#performance-audit-report-no-8-of-2009-10">Performance Audit-Report No. 8 of 2009-10</a>
                                                    </li>
                                                                                                        <li>
                                                        <a href="https://im4change.in/hunger-hdi/public-health-51.html?pgno=25#lsquodiarrhoea-why-children-are-still-dying-and-what-can-be-donersquo-2009">&lsquo;Diarrhoea: Why children are still dying and what can be done?&rsquo; (2009)</a>
                                                    </li>
                                                                                                        <li>
                                                        <a href="https://im4change.in/hunger-hdi/public-health-51.html?pgno=26#world-health-statistics-2009">World Health Statistics 2009</a>
                                                    </li>
                                                                                                        <li>
                                                        <a href="https://im4change.in/hunger-hdi/public-health-51.html?pgno=26#national-family-health-survey-iii-2005-06">National Family Health Survey-III (2005-06)</a>
                                                    </li>
                                                                                                </ul>
                                            <div><a style="display:none" href="javascript:void(0)" id="lesswhatsinsidelink" onClick="javascript:$('#morewhatsinside').hide();$('#morewhatsinsidelink').show();$('#lesswhatsinsidelink').hide();">Less</a></div>
                                                                                    </div>
                                    </div>
                                </div>
                            </div>
                                                    <div>
                            &nbsp;</p><p style="text-align:justify">According to <a name="children-in-india-2012-a-statistical-appraisal">Children in India 2012-A Statistical Appraisal</a>, Ministry of Statistics and Programme Implementation, GoI, please <a href="https://im4change.org/docs/659Children_in_India_2012.pdf" title="https://im4change.org/docs/659Children_in_India_2012.pdf">click here</a> to access:</p><p style="text-align:justify">&nbsp;</p><p style="text-align:justify"><em><strong>Neonatal Mortality Rate</strong></em></p><p style="text-align:justify">&bull; In 2010, the neonatal mortality rate (Probability of dying in the first month of life, expressed per 1,000 live births) at national level is at 33 and ranges from 19 in urban areas to 36 in rural areas. Among bigger states, neo-natal mortality rate is highest in Madhya Pradesh (44) and lowest in Kerala (7).</p><p style="text-align:justify">&bull; The rural&ndash;urban gap in neo natal mortality rate was highest in Andhra Pradesh and Assam (23 points), followed by Rajasthan (22 points). The rural &ndash;urban gap in neo natal mortality rate lowest in Kerala (3 points), followed by Tamil Nadu (6 points).</p><p style="text-align:justify">&bull; Factors which affect fetal and neonatal deaths are primarily endogenous, while those which affect post neonatal deaths are primarily exogenous. The endogenous factors are related to the formation of the foetus in the womb and are therefore, mainly biological in nature. Among the biological factors affecting fetal and neonatal infant mortality rates the important ones are the age of the mother, birth order, period of spacing between births, prematurity, weight at birth, mothers health.</p><p style="text-align:justify">&nbsp;</p><p style="text-align:justify"><em><strong>Infant Mortality Rate&nbsp;</strong></em></p><p style="text-align:justify">&bull; Infant Mortality Rate (Probability of dying between birth and exactly 1 year of age, expressed per 1,000 live births) has declined for males from 78 in 1990 to 46 in 2010 and for females the decline was from 81 to 49 during this period.</p><p style="text-align:justify">&bull; Infant Mortality Rate for the country as a whole declined from 66 in 2001 to 47 in 2010. With the present improved trend due to sharp fall during 2008-09, the national level estimate of infant mortality rate is likely to be 44 against the MDG target of 27 in 2015.</p><p style="text-align:justify">&bull; Infant Mortality Rate has declined in urban areas from 50 in 1990 to 31 in 2010, whereas in rural areas Infant Mortality Rate has declined from 86 to 51 during the same period.</p><p style="text-align:justify">&bull; Infant Mortality Rate in 2010, was lowest in Goa (10) followed by Kerala (13) and Manipur (14). The States of Madhya Pradesh (62), Orissa (61), Uttar Pradesh (61), Assam (58), Meghalaya (55), Rajasthan (55), Chhattisgarh (51), Bihar (48) and Haryana (48) reported infant mortality rate above the national average (47).</p><p style="text-align:justify">&bull; Among infants, the main causes of death are: Certain Conditions Originating in the Perinatal Period (67.2%), Certain infectious and Parasitic diseases (8.3%), Diseases of the Respiratory System (7.7%), Congenial Malformations, Deformations &amp; chromosomal Abnormalities (3.3%), Other causes (10.6%).</p><p style="text-align:justify">&nbsp;</p><p style="text-align:justify"><em><strong>Under Five Mortality Rate&nbsp;</strong></em></p><p style="text-align:justify">&bull; Under Five Mortality Rate (Probability of dying between birth and exactly 5 years of age, expressed per 1,000 live births) in India for the year 2010, stands at 59 and it varies from 66 in rural areas to 38 in Urban areas.</p><p style="text-align:justify">&bull; Under Five Mortality Rate stood at 64 for females whereas it is 55 for males in 2010.</p><p style="text-align:justify">&bull; Under Five Mortality Rate varies from lowest in Kerala (15), followed by 27 in Tamil Nadu to alarmingly high level in Assam (83), followed by Madhya Pradesh (82), Uttar Pradesh (79) and Odisha (78).</p><p style="text-align:justify">&bull; Given to reduce Under Five Mortality Rate to 42 per thousand live births by 2015, India tends to reach near to 52 by that year missing the target by 10 percentage points.</p><p style="text-align:justify">&bull; Among children aged 0 to 4 years, the main causes of death are: Certain infectious and Parasitic Diseases (23.1%), Diseases of the Respiratory System (16.1%), Diseases of the Nervous System (12.1%), Diseases of the Circulatory System (7.9%), Injury, Poisoning etc (0.9%), Other major causes (33.9 %).</p><p style="text-align:justify">&nbsp;</p><p style="text-align:justify"><em><strong>Immunization</strong></em></p><p style="text-align:justify">&bull; At national level, 61% of the children aged 12-23 months have received full immunization in 2009. The coverage of immunization was higher in urban areas (67.4%) as compared to that in the rural areas (58.5%).&nbsp;</p><p style="text-align:justify">&bull; Nearly 8% Indian children did not receive even a single vaccine in 2009. Nearly 62% of the male children aged 12-23 months have received full immunization, while among the females it was nearly 60%.</p><p style="text-align:justify">&bull; 76.6 percent of children aged 12-23 months received full immunization coverage whose mothers had 12 or more years of education whereas 45.3 percent of children whose mothers had no education got full immunization.</p><p style="text-align:justify">&bull; About 75.5% of children of less than one year belonging to the highest wealth index group are fully immunized while only 47.3% from the lowest quintile are fully immunized.</p><p style="text-align:justify">&bull; The full immunization coverage of children age 12-23 months is highest in Goa (87.9%), followed by Sikkim (85.3%), Punjab (83.6%), and Kerala (81.5%). The full immunization coverage is lowest in Arunachal Pradesh (24.8%).</p><p style="text-align:justify">&nbsp;</p><p style="text-align:justify">                                                                    <br>
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    <h1 class="cat-box-title">Public Health</h1>
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                                            <h2 style="font-weight: bold; font-size: 13px;">What's Inside</h2>
                                            <ul class="whatsinside">
                                                                                                    <li>
                                                        <a href="https://im4change.in/hunger-hdi/public-health-51.html?pgno=2#global-tuberculosis-report-2022-released-in-october-2022">Global Tuberculosis Report 2022 (released in October 2022)</a>
                                                    </li>
                                                                                                        <li>
                                                        <a href="https://im4change.in/hunger-hdi/public-health-51.html?pgno=3#rural-health-statistics-2020-21-released-in-may-2022">Rural Health Statistics 2020-21 (released in May 2022)</a>
                                                    </li>
                                                                                                        <li>
                                                        <a href="https://im4change.in/hunger-hdi/public-health-51.html?pgno=4#india-tb-report-2022-coming-together-to-end-tb-altogether-released-in-march-2022">India TB Report 2022: Coming Together to End TB Altogether (released in March 2022)</a>
                                                    </li>
                                                                                                        <li>
                                                        <a href="https://im4change.in/hunger-hdi/public-health-51.html?pgno=5#press-release-by-jan-swasthya-abhiyan-dated-february-2-2022">Press release by Jan Swasthya Abhiyan dated February 2, 2022</a>
                                                    </li>
                                                                                                        <li>
                                                        <a href="https://im4change.in/hunger-hdi/public-health-51.html?pgno=5#securing-rights-of-patients-in-india-lessons-from-rapid-surveys-on-peoplesrsquo-experiences-of-patientrsquos-rights-charter-and-the-covid-19-vaccination-drive-released-on-18-november-2021">Securing Rights of Patients in India: Lessons from rapid surveys on peoples&rsquo; experiences of Patient&rsquo;s Rights Charter and the COVID-19 vaccination drive (released on 18 November, 2021)</a>
                                                    </li>
                                                                                                        <li>
                                                        <a href="https://im4change.in/hunger-hdi/public-health-51.html?pgno=6#39covid-19-third-wave-preparedness-childrenrsquos-vulnerability-and-recovery39-released-on-2nd-august-2021">&#39;COVID-19 Third Wave Preparedness: Children&rsquo;s Vulnerability and Recovery&#39; (released on 2nd August, 2021)</a>
                                                    </li>
                                                                                                        <li>
                                                        <a href="https://im4change.in/hunger-hdi/public-health-51.html?pgno=6#oxfam-india39s-inequality-report-2021-india39s-unequal-healthcare-story-released-on-19th-july-2021">Oxfam India&#39;s Inequality Report 2021: India&#39;s Unequal Healthcare Story (released on 19th July, 2021)</a>
                                                    </li>
                                                                                                        <li>
                                                        <a href="https://im4change.in/hunger-hdi/public-health-51.html?pgno=7#standard-operating-procedure-sop-on-covid-19-containment-and-management-in-peri-urban-rural-and-tribal-areas">Standard Operating Procedure (SOP) on COVID-19 Containment and Management in Peri-urban, Rural and Tribal areas</a>
                                                    </li>
                                                                                                        <li>
                                                        <a href="https://im4change.in/hunger-hdi/public-health-51.html?pgno=7#rural-health-statistics-2019-20-released-in-april-2021">Rural Health Statistics 2019-20 (released in April 2021)</a>
                                                    </li>
                                                                                                        <li>
                                                        <a href="https://im4change.in/hunger-hdi/public-health-51.html?pgno=8#india-fact-sheet-of-longitudinal-ageing-study-in-india-lasi-wave-1-released-in-2021">India Fact Sheet of Longitudinal Ageing Study in India (LASI) -- Wave-1 (released in 2021)</a>
                                                    </li>
                                                                                                </ul>
                                                                                            <div><a href="javascript:void(0)" id="morewhatsinsidelink" onClick="javascript:$('#morewhatsinside').show();$('#morewhatsinsidelink').hide();$('#lesswhatsinsidelink').show();">More</a></div>
                                                                                            <ul class="whatsinside" id="morewhatsinside" style="display:none">
                                                                                                    <li>
                                                        <a href="https://im4change.in/hunger-hdi/public-health-51.html?pgno=8#executive-summary-of-longitudinal-ageing-study-in-india-lasi-wave-1-released-in-2021">Executive Summary of Longitudinal Ageing Study in India (LASI) -- Wave-1 (released in 2021)</a>
                                                    </li>
                                                                                                        <li>
                                                        <a href="https://im4change.in/hunger-hdi/public-health-51.html?pgno=8#a-neglected-tragedy-the-global-burden-of-stillbirths-report-of-the-un-inter-agency-group-for-child-mortality-estimation-2020-released-in-october-2020">A Neglected Tragedy: The global burden of stillbirths -- Report of the UN Inter-agency Group for Child Mortality Estimation, 2020 (released in October 2020)</a>
                                                    </li>
                                                                                                        <li>
                                                        <a href="https://im4change.in/hunger-hdi/public-health-51.html?pgno=9#sample-registration-system-statistical-report-2018-released-in-june-2020">Sample Registration System Statistical Report 2018 (released in June 2020)</a>
                                                    </li>
                                                                                                        <li>
                                                        <a href="https://im4change.in/hunger-hdi/public-health-51.html?pgno=10#faq-on-covid-19-prepared-by-the-ministry-of-health-and-family-welfare">FAQ on COVID-19 prepared by the Ministry of Health and Family Welfare</a>
                                                    </li>
                                                                                                        <li>
                                                        <a href="https://im4change.in/hunger-hdi/public-health-51.html?pgno=10#containment-plan-for-large-outbreaks-novel-coronavirus-disease-2019">Containment Plan for Large Outbreaks Novel Coronavirus Disease 2019</a>
                                                    </li>
                                                                                                        <li>
                                                        <a href="https://im4change.in/hunger-hdi/public-health-51.html?pgno=10#background-note-on-covid-19">Background Note on COVID-19</a>
                                                    </li>
                                                                                                        <li>
                                                        <a href="https://im4change.in/hunger-hdi/public-health-51.html?pgno=10#statement-on-the-covid-19-pandemic">Statement on the COVID-19 pandemic</a>
                                                    </li>
                                                                                                        <li>
                                                        <a href="https://im4change.in/hunger-hdi/public-health-51.html?pgno=10#high-level-group-on-health-sector-2019-submitted-to-the-fifteenth-finance-commission-of-india">High Level Group on Health Sector (2019), submitted to the Fifteenth Finance Commission of India</a>
                                                    </li>
                                                                                                        <li>
                                                        <a href="https://im4change.in/hunger-hdi/public-health-51.html?pgno=10#nss-75th-round-report-key-indicators-of-social-consumption-in-india-health-july-2017-to-june-2018-released-on-23rd-november-2019">NSS 75th Round Report: Key Indicators of Social Consumption in India: Health, July 2017 to June 2018 (released on 23rd November 2019)</a>
                                                    </li>
                                                                                                        <li>
                                                        <a href="https://im4change.in/hunger-hdi/public-health-51.html?pgno=11#2019-india-tb-report-released-in-september-2019">2019 India TB report (released in September 2019)</a>
                                                    </li>
                                                                                                        <li>
                                                        <a href="https://im4change.in/hunger-hdi/public-health-51.html?pgno=12#trends-in-maternal-mortality-2000-to-2017-estimates-by-who-unicef-world-bank-group-unfpa-and-the-united-nations-population-division-released-in-september-2019">Trends in Maternal Mortality 2000 to 2017: Estimates by WHO, UNICEF, World Bank Group, UNFPA and the United Nations Population Division (released in September 2019)</a>
                                                    </li>
                                                                                                        <li>
                                                        <a href="https://im4change.in/hunger-hdi/public-health-51.html?pgno=13#national-health-profile-2018-13th-issue">National Health Profile 2018, 13th Issue</a>
                                                    </li>
                                                                                                        <li>
                                                        <a href="https://im4change.in/hunger-hdi/public-health-51.html?pgno=14#india-health-of-the-nationrsquos-states-the-india-state-level-disease-burden-initiative-disease-burden-trends-in-the-states-of-india-1990-to-2016-released-in-october-2017">India: Health of the Nation&rsquo;s States - The India State-Level Disease Burden Initiative, Disease Burden Trends in the States of India 1990 to 2016 (released in October, 2017) </a>
                                                    </li>
                                                                                                        <li>
                                                        <a href="https://im4change.in/hunger-hdi/public-health-51.html?pgno=15#national-health-accounts-estimates-for-india-2014-15-released-in-october-2017">National Health Accounts: Estimates for India 2014-15 (released in October, 2017)</a>
                                                    </li>
                                                                                                        <li>
                                                        <a href="https://im4change.in/hunger-hdi/public-health-51.html?pgno=16#national-health-policy-2017">National Health Policy 2017</a>
                                                    </li>
                                                                                                        <li>
                                                        <a href="https://im4change.in/hunger-hdi/public-health-51.html?pgno=16#national-health-profile-2015">National Health Profile 2015</a>
                                                    </li>
                                                                                                        <li>
                                                        <a href="https://im4change.in/hunger-hdi/public-health-51.html?pgno=17#71st-round-nss-report-key-indicators-of-social-consumption-in-india-health-published-in-june-2015">71st round NSS report: Key Indicators of Social Consumption in India Health (published in June 2015)</a>
                                                    </li>
                                                                                                        <li>
                                                        <a href="https://im4change.in/hunger-hdi/public-health-51.html?pgno=18#draft-national-health-policy-2015-published-in-december-2014">Draft National Health Policy 2015 (published in December 2014)</a>
                                                    </li>
                                                                                                        <li>
                                                        <a href="https://im4change.in/hunger-hdi/public-health-51.html?pgno=19#economic-burden-of-tobacco-related-diseases-in-india">Economic Burden of Tobacco Related Diseases in India</a>
                                                    </li>
                                                                                                        <li>
                                                        <a href="https://im4change.in/hunger-hdi/public-health-51.html?pgno=19#trends-in-maternal-mortality-estimates-1990-to-2013">Trends in maternal mortality estimates 1990 to 2013</a>
                                                    </li>
                                                                                                        <li>
                                                        <a href="https://im4change.in/hunger-hdi/public-health-51.html?pgno=20#rural-health-statistics-in-india-2012">Rural Health Statistics in India 2012</a>
                                                    </li>
                                                                                                        <li>
                                                        <a href="https://im4change.in/hunger-hdi/public-health-51.html?pgno=20#committing-to-child-survival-a-promise-renewed-progress-report-2013">Committing to Child Survival: A Promise Renewed Progress Report 2013</a>
                                                    </li>
                                                                                                        <li>
                                                        <a href="https://im4change.in/hunger-hdi/public-health-51.html?pgno=21#pneumonia-progress-report-2012">Pneumonia Progress Report, 2012</a>
                                                    </li>
                                                                                                        <li>
                                                        <a href="https://im4change.in/hunger-hdi/public-health-51.html?pgno=21#defeating-malaria-in-asia-the-pacific-americas-middle-east-and-europe-november-2012">Defeating malaria in Asia, the Pacific, Americas, Middle East and Europe, November, 2012</a>
                                                    </li>
                                                                                                        <li>
                                                        <a href="https://im4change.in/hunger-hdi/public-health-51.html?pgno=22#children-in-india-2012-a-statistical-appraisal">Children in India 2012-A Statistical Appraisal</a>
                                                    </li>
                                                                                                        <li>
                                                        <a href="https://im4change.in/hunger-hdi/public-health-51.html?pgno=23#who-global-report-mortality-attributable-to-tobacco-2012">WHO Global Report: Mortality Attributable to Tobacco (2012)</a>
                                                    </li>
                                                                                                        <li>
                                                        <a href="https://im4change.in/hunger-hdi/public-health-51.html?pgno=23#the-growing-danger-of-non-communicable-diseases-acting-now-to-reverse-course-2011">The Growing Danger of Non-Communicable Diseases: Acting Now to Reverse Course (2011)</a>
                                                    </li>
                                                                                                        <li>
                                                        <a href="https://im4change.in/hunger-hdi/public-health-51.html?pgno=24#aids-at-30-nations-at-the-crossroads-2011">AIDS at 30: Nations at the crossroads (2011)</a>
                                                    </li>
                                                                                                        <li>
                                                        <a href="https://im4change.in/hunger-hdi/public-health-51.html?pgno=25#a-fair-chance-at-life-why-equity-matters-for-children-2010">A Fair Chance at Life: Why Equity Matters for Children (2010)</a>
                                                    </li>
                                                                                                        <li>
                                                        <a href="https://im4change.in/hunger-hdi/public-health-51.html?pgno=25#women-on-the-front-lines-of-health-care-state-of-the-world39s-mothers-2010">Women on the Front Lines of Health Care, State of the World&#39;s Mothers 2010</a>
                                                    </li>
                                                                                                        <li>
                                                        <a href="https://im4change.in/hunger-hdi/public-health-51.html?pgno=25#performance-audit-report-no-8-of-2009-10">Performance Audit-Report No. 8 of 2009-10</a>
                                                    </li>
                                                                                                        <li>
                                                        <a href="https://im4change.in/hunger-hdi/public-health-51.html?pgno=25#lsquodiarrhoea-why-children-are-still-dying-and-what-can-be-donersquo-2009">&lsquo;Diarrhoea: Why children are still dying and what can be done?&rsquo; (2009)</a>
                                                    </li>
                                                                                                        <li>
                                                        <a href="https://im4change.in/hunger-hdi/public-health-51.html?pgno=26#world-health-statistics-2009">World Health Statistics 2009</a>
                                                    </li>
                                                                                                        <li>
                                                        <a href="https://im4change.in/hunger-hdi/public-health-51.html?pgno=26#national-family-health-survey-iii-2005-06">National Family Health Survey-III (2005-06)</a>
                                                    </li>
                                                                                                </ul>
                                            <div><a style="display:none" href="javascript:void(0)" id="lesswhatsinsidelink" onClick="javascript:$('#morewhatsinside').hide();$('#morewhatsinsidelink').show();$('#lesswhatsinsidelink').hide();">Less</a></div>
                                                                                    </div>
                                    </div>
                                </div>
                            </div>
                                                    <div>
                            &nbsp;</p><p style="text-align:justify">According to <a name="children-in-india-2012-a-statistical-appraisal">Children in India 2012-A Statistical Appraisal</a>, Ministry of Statistics and Programme Implementation, GoI, please <a href="https://im4change.org/docs/659Children_in_India_2012.pdf" title="https://im4change.org/docs/659Children_in_India_2012.pdf">click here</a> to access:</p><p style="text-align:justify">&nbsp;</p><p style="text-align:justify"><em><strong>Neonatal Mortality Rate</strong></em></p><p style="text-align:justify">&bull; In 2010, the neonatal mortality rate (Probability of dying in the first month of life, expressed per 1,000 live births) at national level is at 33 and ranges from 19 in urban areas to 36 in rural areas. Among bigger states, neo-natal mortality rate is highest in Madhya Pradesh (44) and lowest in Kerala (7).</p><p style="text-align:justify">&bull; The rural&ndash;urban gap in neo natal mortality rate was highest in Andhra Pradesh and Assam (23 points), followed by Rajasthan (22 points). The rural &ndash;urban gap in neo natal mortality rate lowest in Kerala (3 points), followed by Tamil Nadu (6 points).</p><p style="text-align:justify">&bull; Factors which affect fetal and neonatal deaths are primarily endogenous, while those which affect post neonatal deaths are primarily exogenous. The endogenous factors are related to the formation of the foetus in the womb and are therefore, mainly biological in nature. Among the biological factors affecting fetal and neonatal infant mortality rates the important ones are the age of the mother, birth order, period of spacing between births, prematurity, weight at birth, mothers health.</p><p style="text-align:justify">&nbsp;</p><p style="text-align:justify"><em><strong>Infant Mortality Rate&nbsp;</strong></em></p><p style="text-align:justify">&bull; Infant Mortality Rate (Probability of dying between birth and exactly 1 year of age, expressed per 1,000 live births) has declined for males from 78 in 1990 to 46 in 2010 and for females the decline was from 81 to 49 during this period.</p><p style="text-align:justify">&bull; Infant Mortality Rate for the country as a whole declined from 66 in 2001 to 47 in 2010. With the present improved trend due to sharp fall during 2008-09, the national level estimate of infant mortality rate is likely to be 44 against the MDG target of 27 in 2015.</p><p style="text-align:justify">&bull; Infant Mortality Rate has declined in urban areas from 50 in 1990 to 31 in 2010, whereas in rural areas Infant Mortality Rate has declined from 86 to 51 during the same period.</p><p style="text-align:justify">&bull; Infant Mortality Rate in 2010, was lowest in Goa (10) followed by Kerala (13) and Manipur (14). The States of Madhya Pradesh (62), Orissa (61), Uttar Pradesh (61), Assam (58), Meghalaya (55), Rajasthan (55), Chhattisgarh (51), Bihar (48) and Haryana (48) reported infant mortality rate above the national average (47).</p><p style="text-align:justify">&bull; Among infants, the main causes of death are: Certain Conditions Originating in the Perinatal Period (67.2%), Certain infectious and Parasitic diseases (8.3%), Diseases of the Respiratory System (7.7%), Congenial Malformations, Deformations &amp; chromosomal Abnormalities (3.3%), Other causes (10.6%).</p><p style="text-align:justify">&nbsp;</p><p style="text-align:justify"><em><strong>Under Five Mortality Rate&nbsp;</strong></em></p><p style="text-align:justify">&bull; Under Five Mortality Rate (Probability of dying between birth and exactly 5 years of age, expressed per 1,000 live births) in India for the year 2010, stands at 59 and it varies from 66 in rural areas to 38 in Urban areas.</p><p style="text-align:justify">&bull; Under Five Mortality Rate stood at 64 for females whereas it is 55 for males in 2010.</p><p style="text-align:justify">&bull; Under Five Mortality Rate varies from lowest in Kerala (15), followed by 27 in Tamil Nadu to alarmingly high level in Assam (83), followed by Madhya Pradesh (82), Uttar Pradesh (79) and Odisha (78).</p><p style="text-align:justify">&bull; Given to reduce Under Five Mortality Rate to 42 per thousand live births by 2015, India tends to reach near to 52 by that year missing the target by 10 percentage points.</p><p style="text-align:justify">&bull; Among children aged 0 to 4 years, the main causes of death are: Certain infectious and Parasitic Diseases (23.1%), Diseases of the Respiratory System (16.1%), Diseases of the Nervous System (12.1%), Diseases of the Circulatory System (7.9%), Injury, Poisoning etc (0.9%), Other major causes (33.9 %).</p><p style="text-align:justify">&nbsp;</p><p style="text-align:justify"><em><strong>Immunization</strong></em></p><p style="text-align:justify">&bull; At national level, 61% of the children aged 12-23 months have received full immunization in 2009. The coverage of immunization was higher in urban areas (67.4%) as compared to that in the rural areas (58.5%).&nbsp;</p><p style="text-align:justify">&bull; Nearly 8% Indian children did not receive even a single vaccine in 2009. Nearly 62% of the male children aged 12-23 months have received full immunization, while among the females it was nearly 60%.</p><p style="text-align:justify">&bull; 76.6 percent of children aged 12-23 months received full immunization coverage whose mothers had 12 or more years of education whereas 45.3 percent of children whose mothers had no education got full immunization.</p><p style="text-align:justify">&bull; About 75.5% of children of less than one year belonging to the highest wealth index group are fully immunized while only 47.3% from the lowest quintile are fully immunized.</p><p style="text-align:justify">&bull; The full immunization coverage of children age 12-23 months is highest in Goa (87.9%), followed by Sikkim (85.3%), Punjab (83.6%), and Kerala (81.5%). The full immunization coverage is lowest in Arunachal Pradesh (24.8%).</p><p style="text-align:justify">&nbsp;</p><p style="text-align:justify">                                                                    <br>
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Public Health

What's Inside Global Tuberculosis Report 2022 (released in October 2022) Rural Health Statistics 2020-21 (released in May 2022) India TB Report 2022: Coming Together to End TB Altogether (released in March 2022) Press release by Jan Swasthya Abhiyan dated February 2, 2022 Securing Rights of Patients in India: Lessons from rapid surveys on peoples’ experiences of Patient’s Rights Charter and the COVID-19 vaccination drive (released on 18 November, 2021) 'COVID-19 Third Wave Preparedness: Children’s Vulnerability and Recovery' (released on 2nd August, 2021) Oxfam India's Inequality Report 2021: India's Unequal Healthcare Story (released on 19th July, 2021) Standard Operating Procedure (SOP) on COVID-19 Containment and Management in Peri-urban, Rural and Tribal areas Rural Health Statistics 2019-20 (released in April 2021) India Fact Sheet of Longitudinal Ageing Study in India (LASI) -- Wave-1 (released in 2021) More Executive Summary of Longitudinal Ageing Study in India (LASI) -- Wave-1 (released in 2021) A Neglected Tragedy: The global burden of stillbirths -- Report of the UN Inter-agency Group for Child Mortality Estimation, 2020 (released in October 2020) Sample Registration System Statistical Report 2018 (released in June 2020) FAQ on COVID-19 prepared by the Ministry of Health and Family Welfare Containment Plan for Large Outbreaks Novel Coronavirus Disease 2019 Background Note on COVID-19 Statement on the COVID-19 pandemic High Level Group on Health Sector (2019), submitted to the Fifteenth Finance Commission of India NSS 75th Round Report: Key Indicators of Social Consumption in India: Health, July 2017 to June 2018 (released on 23rd November 2019) 2019 India TB report (released in September 2019) Trends in Maternal Mortality 2000 to 2017: Estimates by WHO, UNICEF, World Bank Group, UNFPA and the United Nations Population Division (released in September 2019) National Health Profile 2018, 13th Issue India: Health of the Nation’s States - The India State-Level Disease Burden Initiative, Disease Burden Trends in the States of India 1990 to 2016 (released in October, 2017) National Health Accounts: Estimates for India 2014-15 (released in October, 2017) National Health Policy 2017 National Health Profile 2015 71st round NSS report: Key Indicators of Social Consumption in India Health (published in June 2015) Draft National Health Policy 2015 (published in December 2014) Economic Burden of Tobacco Related Diseases in India Trends in maternal mortality estimates 1990 to 2013 Rural Health Statistics in India 2012 Committing to Child Survival: A Promise Renewed Progress Report 2013 Pneumonia Progress Report, 2012 Defeating malaria in Asia, the Pacific, Americas, Middle East and Europe, November, 2012 Children in India 2012-A Statistical Appraisal WHO Global Report: Mortality Attributable to Tobacco (2012) The Growing Danger of Non-Communicable Diseases: Acting Now to Reverse Course (2011) AIDS at 30: Nations at the crossroads (2011) A Fair Chance at Life: Why Equity Matters for Children (2010) Women on the Front Lines of Health Care, State of the World's Mothers 2010 Performance Audit-Report No. 8 of 2009-10 ‘Diarrhoea: Why children are still dying and what can be done?’ (2009) World Health Statistics 2009 National Family Health Survey-III (2005-06) Less   According to Children in India 2012-A Statistical Appraisal, Ministry of Statistics and Programme Implementation, GoI, please click here to access:   Neonatal Mortality Rate • In 2010, the neonatal mortality rate (Probability of dying in the first month of life, expressed per 1,000 live births) at national level is at 33 and ranges from 19 in urban areas to 36 in rural areas. Among bigger states, neo-natal mortality rate is highest in Madhya Pradesh (44) and lowest in Kerala (7). • The rural–urban gap in neo natal mortality rate was highest in Andhra Pradesh and Assam (23 points), followed by Rajasthan (22 points). The rural –urban gap in neo natal mortality rate lowest in Kerala (3 points), followed by Tamil Nadu (6 points). • Factors which affect fetal and neonatal deaths are primarily endogenous, while those which affect post neonatal deaths are primarily exogenous. The endogenous factors are related to the formation of the foetus in the womb and are therefore, mainly biological in nature. Among the biological factors affecting fetal and neonatal infant mortality rates the important ones are the age of the mother, birth order, period of spacing between births, prematurity, weight at birth, mothers health.   Infant Mortality Rate  • Infant Mortality Rate (Probability of dying between birth and exactly 1 year of age, expressed per 1,000 live births) has declined for males from 78 in 1990 to 46 in 2010 and for females the decline was from 81 to 49 during this period. • Infant Mortality Rate for the country as a whole declined from 66 in 2001 to 47 in 2010. With the present improved trend due to sharp fall during 2008-09, the national level estimate of infant mortality rate is likely to be 44 against the MDG target of 27 in 2015. • Infant Mortality Rate has declined in urban areas from 50 in 1990 to 31 in 2010, whereas in rural areas Infant Mortality Rate has declined from 86 to 51 during the same period. • Infant Mortality Rate in 2010, was lowest in Goa (10) followed by Kerala (13) and Manipur (14). The States of Madhya Pradesh (62), Orissa (61), Uttar Pradesh (61), Assam (58), Meghalaya (55), Rajasthan (55), Chhattisgarh (51), Bihar (48) and Haryana (48) reported infant mortality rate above the national average (47). • Among infants, the main causes of death are: Certain Conditions Originating in the Perinatal Period (67.2%), Certain infectious and Parasitic diseases (8.3%), Diseases of the Respiratory System (7.7%), Congenial Malformations, Deformations & chromosomal Abnormalities (3.3%), Other causes (10.6%).   Under Five Mortality Rate  • Under Five Mortality Rate (Probability of dying between birth and exactly 5 years of age, expressed per 1,000 live births) in India for the year 2010, stands at 59 and it varies from 66 in rural areas to 38 in Urban areas. • Under Five Mortality Rate stood at 64 for females whereas it is 55 for males in 2010. • Under Five Mortality Rate varies from lowest in Kerala (15), followed by 27 in Tamil Nadu to alarmingly high level in Assam (83), followed by Madhya Pradesh (82), Uttar Pradesh (79) and Odisha (78). • Given to reduce Under Five Mortality Rate to 42 per thousand live births by 2015, India tends to reach near to 52 by that year missing the target by 10 percentage points. • Among children aged 0 to 4 years, the main causes of death are: Certain infectious and Parasitic Diseases (23.1%), Diseases of the Respiratory System (16.1%), Diseases of the Nervous System (12.1%), Diseases of the Circulatory System (7.9%), Injury, Poisoning etc (0.9%), Other major causes (33.9 %).   Immunization • At national level, 61% of the children aged 12-23 months have received full immunization in 2009. The coverage of immunization was higher in urban areas (67.4%) as compared to that in the rural areas (58.5%).  • Nearly 8% Indian children did not receive even a single vaccine in 2009. Nearly 62% of the male children aged 12-23 months have received full immunization, while among the females it was nearly 60%. • 76.6 percent of children aged 12-23 months received full immunization coverage whose mothers had 12 or more years of education whereas 45.3 percent of children whose mothers had no education got full immunization. • About 75.5% of children of less than one year belonging to the highest wealth index group are fully immunized while only 47.3% from the lowest quintile are fully immunized. • The full immunization coverage of children age 12-23 months is highest in Goa (87.9%), followed by Sikkim (85.3%), Punjab (83.6%), and Kerala (81.5%). The full immunization coverage is lowest in Arunachal Pradesh (24.8%).   « previous1234567891011121314151617181920212223242526next »

 

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