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Deprecated (16384): The ArrayAccess methods will be removed in 4.0.0.Use getParam(), getData() and getQuery() instead. - /home/brlfuser/public_html/src/Controller/ArtileDetailController.php, line: 151
You can disable deprecation warnings by setting `Error.errorLevel` to `E_ALL & ~E_USER_DEPRECATED` in your config/app.php. [CORE/src/Core/functions.php, line 311]
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Farm Crisis | Unemployment </title>
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• In 2017-18, 24.8 percent of rural working-age men and 74.5 percent of rural working-age (viz. 15-59 years) women were not employed. In urban areas, 25.8 percent of working-age men and 80.2 percent of working-age women were not employed AB
• Both the Periodic Labour..."/>
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• In 2017-18, 24.8 percent of rural working-age men and 74.5 percent of rural working-age (viz. 15-59 years) women were not employed. In urban areas, 25.8 percent of working-age men and 80.2 percent of working-age women were not employed AB
• Both the Periodic Labour..." />
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<h3><b>Farm Crisis</b></h3>
<p style="padding-left:5px;">
<a target="_blank" href="https://im4change.in/farm-crisis/farmers039-suicides-14.html"
class="left postionrel">Farm Suicides </a>
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class="left postionrel">Unemployment </a>
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<a target="_blank" href="https://im4change.in/farm-crisis/rural-distress-70.html"
class="left postionrel">Rural distress </a>
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<p style="padding-left:5px;">
<a target="_blank" href="https://im4change.in/farm-crisis/migration-34.html"
class="left postionrel">Migration </a>
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<p style="padding-left:5px;">
<a target="_blank" href="https://im4change.in/farm-crisis/key-facts-72.html"
class="left postionrel">Key Facts </a>
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<a target="_blank" href="https://im4change.in/farm-crisis/debt-trap-15.html"
class="left postionrel">Debt Trap </a>
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<h3><b>Empowerment</b></h3>
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class="left postionrel">Union Budget And Other Economic Policies </a>
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class="left postionrel">Poverty and inequality </a>
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class="left postionrel">Hunger Overview </a>
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<h1 class="cat-box-title">Unemployment</h1>
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<h2 style="font-weight: bold; font-size: 13px;">What's Inside</h2>
<ul class="whatsinside">
<li>
<a href="https://im4change.in/farm-crisis/unemployment-30.html?pgno=2#crushed-2022-4th-edition-released-on-13th-december-2022">Crushed 2022, 4th edition (released on 13th December 2022)</a>
</li>
<li>
<a href="https://im4change.in/farm-crisis/unemployment-30.html?pgno=3#accessing-minimum-wages-evidence-from-delhi-released-on-july-4-2022">Accessing Minimum Wages: Evidence from Delhi (released on July 4, 2022)</a>
</li>
<li>
<a href="https://im4change.in/farm-crisis/unemployment-30.html?pgno=4#taking-the-temperature-report-edition-3-a-roadmap-for-recovery-governance-infrastructure-and-self-reliance">Taking the Temperature Report Edition 3: A roadmap for recovery: governance, infrastructure, and self-reliance</a>
</li>
<li>
<a href="https://im4change.in/farm-crisis/unemployment-30.html?pgno=4#taking-the-temperature-report-edition-2-the-deepening-impact-of-covid-19-on-indiarsquos-creative-economy">Taking the Temperature Report Edition 2: The deepening impact of COVID-19 on India’s creative economy</a>
</li>
<li>
<a href="https://im4change.in/farm-crisis/unemployment-30.html?pgno=4#taking-the-temperature-report-edition-1-impact-of-covid-19-on-indiarsquos-creative-economy">Taking the Temperature Report Edition 1: Impact of Covid-19 on India’s Creative Economy</a>
</li>
<li>
<a href="https://im4change.in/farm-crisis/unemployment-30.html?pgno=5#crushed-2021-3rd-edition-released-on-26th-january-2022">Crushed 2021, 3rd edition (released on 26th January, 2022)</a>
</li>
<li>
<a href="https://im4change.in/farm-crisis/unemployment-30.html?pgno=6#primer-on-labour-codes-in-india-released-in-january-2022">Primer on Labour Codes in India (released in January, 2022)</a>
</li>
<li>
<a href="https://im4change.in/farm-crisis/unemployment-30.html?pgno=6#domestic-work-is-work-by-commonwealth-health-rights-initiative-chri-released-on-10th-december2021">Domestic Work is Work by Commonwealth Health Rights Initiative-CHRI (released on 10th December,2021)</a>
</li>
<li>
<a href="https://im4change.in/farm-crisis/unemployment-30.html?pgno=6#mercer-cfa-institute-global-pension-index-2021-pension-reform-in-challenging-times-released-in-october-2021nbsp">Mercer CFA Institute Global Pension Index 2021: Pension reform in challenging times (released in October, 2021) </a>
</li>
<li>
<a href="https://im4change.in/farm-crisis/unemployment-30.html?pgno=6#is-platform-work-decent-work-a-case-of-food-delivery-workers-in-karnataka-released-on-8th-september-2021">Is Platform Work Decent Work? A Case of Food Delivery Workers in Karnataka (released on 8th September, 2021)</a>
</li>
</ul>
<div><a href="javascript:void(0)" id="morewhatsinsidelink" onClick="javascript:$('#morewhatsinside').show();$('#morewhatsinsidelink').hide();$('#lesswhatsinsidelink').show();">More</a></div>
<ul class="whatsinside" id="morewhatsinside" style="display:none">
<li>
<a href="https://im4change.in/farm-crisis/unemployment-30.html?pgno=7#report-on-the-first-round-of-quarterly-employment-survey-under-the-aqees-released-in-september-2021">Report on the First Round of Quarterly Employment Survey under the AQEES (released in September, 2021)</a>
</li>
<li>
<a href="https://im4change.in/farm-crisis/unemployment-30.html?pgno=8#annual-report-of-the-periodic-labour-force-survey-2019-20-released-on-23rd-july-2021">Annual Report of the Periodic Labour Force Survey 2019-20 (released on 23rd July, 2021)</a>
</li>
<li>
<a href="https://im4change.in/farm-crisis/unemployment-30.html?pgno=9#standing-committee-report-on-rural-development-demand-for-grants-2021-22-thirteenth-report">Standing Committee Report on Rural Development: Demand for Grants (2021-22), Thirteenth Report</a>
</li>
<li>
<a href="https://im4change.in/farm-crisis/unemployment-30.html?pgno=9#standing-committee-report-on-labour-social-security-and-welfare-measures-for-inter-state-migrant-workers-2020-21-sixteenth-report">Standing Committee Report on Labour: Social Security and Welfare Measures for Inter-State Migrant Workers (2020-21), Sixteenth Report</a>
</li>
<li>
<a href="https://im4change.in/farm-crisis/unemployment-30.html?pgno=10#lessons-for-social-protection-from-the-covid-19-lockdowns-report-1-of-2-state-relief-released-in-february-2021">Lessons for Social Protection from the COVID-19 Lockdowns Report 1 of 2: State Relief (released in February, 2021)</a>
</li>
<li>
<a href="https://im4change.in/farm-crisis/unemployment-30.html?pgno=10#working-from-home-from-invisibility-to-decent-work-released-in-january-2021">Working from home: From invisibility to decent work (released in January 2021)</a>
</li>
<li>
<a href="https://im4change.in/farm-crisis/unemployment-30.html?pgno=10#time-use-in-india-2019-january-december-2019-released-in-september-2020">Time Use in India-2019, January-December 2019 (released in September 2020)</a>
</li>
<li>
<a href="https://im4change.in/farm-crisis/unemployment-30.html?pgno=10#briefing-note-for-parliamentarians-on-labour-law-reforms">Briefing Note for Parliamentarians on Labour Law Reforms</a>
</li>
<li>
<a href="https://im4change.in/farm-crisis/unemployment-30.html?pgno=10#the-code-on-social-security-2020">The Code on Social Security 2020</a>
</li>
<li>
<a href="https://im4change.in/farm-crisis/unemployment-30.html?pgno=10#the-occupational-safety-health-and-working-conditions-code-2020">The Occupational Safety, Health and Working Conditions Code 2020</a>
</li>
<li>
<a href="https://im4change.in/farm-crisis/unemployment-30.html?pgno=10#the-industrial-relations-code-2020">The Industrial Relations Code 2020</a>
</li>
<li>
<a href="https://im4change.in/farm-crisis/unemployment-30.html?pgno=10#the-code-on-wages-2019">The Code on Wages 2019</a>
</li>
<li>
<a href="https://im4change.in/farm-crisis/unemployment-30.html?pgno=10#parliamentary-standing-committee-report-on-labour-2019-20-the-code-on-social-security-2019-released-in-july-2020">Parliamentary Standing Committee Report on Labour 2019-20, The Code on Social Security 2019 (released in July 2020)</a>
</li>
<li>
<a href="https://im4change.in/farm-crisis/unemployment-30.html?pgno=10#parliamentary-standing-committeenbspreport-on-labour-2019-20-the-industrial-relations-code-2019-released-in-april-2020">Parliamentary Standing Committee Report on Labour 2019-20, The Industrial Relations Code 2019 (released in April 2020)</a>
</li>
<li>
<a href="https://im4change.in/farm-crisis/unemployment-30.html?pgno=10#parliamentary-standing-committeenbspreport-on-labour-2019-20-the-occupational-safety-health-and-working-conditions-code-2019-released-in-february-2020">Parliamentary Standing Committee Report on Labour 2019-20, The Occupational Safety, Health and Working Conditions Code 2019 (released in February 2020)</a>
</li>
<li>
<a href="https://im4change.in/farm-crisis/unemployment-30.html?pgno=10#parliamentary-standing-committeenbspreport-on-labour-2018-19-the-code-on-wages-bill-2017-released-in-december-2018">Parliamentary Standing Committee Report on Labour 2018-19, The Code on Wages Bill 2017 (released in December 2018)</a>
</li>
<li>
<a href="https://im4change.in/farm-crisis/unemployment-30.html?pgno=10#parliamentary-standing-committeenbspreport-on-labour-2014-15-the-factories-amendment-bill-2014-released-in-december-2014">Parliamentary Standing Committee Report on Labour 2014-15, The Factories (Amendment) Bill 2014 (released in December 2014)</a>
</li>
<li>
<a href="https://im4change.in/farm-crisis/unemployment-30.html?pgno=10#tackling-the-covid-19-youth-employment-crisis-in-asia-and-the-pacific-released-on-18th-august-2020">Tackling the COVID-19 youth employment crisis in Asia and the Pacific (released on 18th August, 2020)</a>
</li>
<li>
<a href="https://im4change.in/farm-crisis/unemployment-30.html?pgno=11#workers-in-the-times-of-covid-19-first-round-by-actionaid-india-released-13th-august-2020">Workers in the Times of COVID-19 (first round) by ActionAid India (released 13th August, 2020)</a>
</li>
<li>
<a href="https://im4change.in/farm-crisis/unemployment-30.html?pgno=11#annual-report-on-periodic-labour-force-survey-july-2018-june-2019-released-in-june-2020">Annual Report on Periodic Labour Force Survey, July 2018-June 2019 (released in June 2020)</a>
</li>
<li>
<a href="https://im4change.in/farm-crisis/unemployment-30.html?pgno=12#effects-of-lockdown-on-domestic-workers-released-in-june-2020">Effects of Lockdown on Domestic Workers (released in June 2020)</a>
</li>
<li>
<a href="https://im4change.in/farm-crisis/unemployment-30.html?pgno=13#impact-of-the-covid-19-pandemic-on-agriculture-and-food-security-in-india-released-on-20th-may-2020">Impact of the COVID-19 Pandemic on Agriculture and Food Security in India (released on 20th May, 2020)</a>
</li>
<li>
<a href="https://im4change.in/farm-crisis/unemployment-30.html?pgno=13#covid-19-induced-lockdown-ndash-how-is-the-hinterland-coping-released-on-13th-may-2020">COVID-19 induced Lockdown – How is the Hinterland Coping? (released on 13th May, 2020)</a>
</li>
<li>
<a href="https://im4change.in/farm-crisis/unemployment-30.html?pgno=13#covid-19-analysis-of-impact-and-relief-measures-study-released-on-12th-may-2020">COVID-19: Analysis of Impact and Relief Measures Study (released on 12th May, 2020)</a>
</li>
<li>
<a href="https://im4change.in/farm-crisis/unemployment-30.html?pgno=13#taking-stock-assessing-distribution-and-distress-in-gurugram-during-the-covid-19-lockdown-released-on-26th-april-2020">Taking Stock: Assessing Distribution and Distress in Gurugram during the COVID-19 Lockdown (released on 26th April, 2020)</a>
</li>
<li>
<a href="https://im4change.in/farm-crisis/unemployment-30.html?pgno=13#second-round-of-delhi-national-capital-region-coronavirus-telephone-survey-conducted-by-national-data-innovation-centre-ncaer-released-on-1st-may-2020">Second Round of Delhi National Capital Region Coronavirus Telephone Survey conducted by National Data Innovation Centre, NCAER (released on 1st May, 2020)</a>
</li>
<li>
<a href="https://im4change.in/farm-crisis/unemployment-30.html?pgno=13#first-round-of-delhi-national-capital-region-coronavirus-telephone-survey-conducted-by-ncaer-released-on-12th-april-2020">First Round of Delhi National Capital Region Coronavirus Telephone Survey conducted by NCAER (released on 12th April, 2020)</a>
</li>
<li>
<a href="https://im4change.in/farm-crisis/unemployment-30.html?pgno=14#annual-report-on-periodic-labour-force-survey-july-2017-june-2018">Annual Report on Periodic Labour Force Survey (July 2017 - June 2018)</a>
</li>
<li>
<a href="https://im4change.in/farm-crisis/unemployment-30.html?pgno=15#state-of-working-india-2019">State of Working India 2019</a>
</li>
<li>
<a href="https://im4change.in/farm-crisis/unemployment-30.html?pgno=16#state-of-working-india-2018">State of Working India 2018</a>
</li>
<li>
<a href="https://im4change.in/farm-crisis/unemployment-30.html?pgno=17#report-on-ldquomeasuring-productivity-at-the-industry-level-ndash-the-india-klems-databaserdquo-27-march-2018-reserve-bank-of-india">Report on “Measuring Productivity at the Industry Level – The India KLEMS Database”, 27 March, 2018, Reserve Bank of India</a>
</li>
<li>
<a href="https://im4change.in/farm-crisis/unemployment-30.html?pgno=17#draft-report-of-the-task-force-on-improving-employment-data-2017-chaired-by-arvind-panagariya-niti-aayog">Draft Report of the Task Force on Improving Employment Data (2017) chaired by Arvind Panagariya, NITI Aayog</a>
</li>
<li>
<a href="https://im4change.in/farm-crisis/unemployment-30.html?pgno=17#seventh-quarterly-report-on-employment-scenario-in-selectednbsp-sectors-new-series-as-on-1st-october-2017">Seventh Quarterly Report on Employment Scenario in selected sectors (new series) as on 1st October, 2017</a>
</li>
<li>
<a href="https://im4change.in/farm-crisis/unemployment-30.html?pgno=17#sixth-quarterlynbsp-report-on-employment-scenario-in-selected-sectors-new-series-as-on-1st-july-2017">Sixth Quarterly Report on Employment Scenario in selected sectors (new series) as on 1st July, 2017</a>
</li>
<li>
<a href="https://im4change.in/farm-crisis/unemployment-30.html?pgno=17#fifth-quarterlynbsp-report-on-employment-scenario-in-selected-sectors-new-series-as-on-1st-april-2017">Fifth Quarterly Report on Employment Scenario in selected sectors (new series) as on 1st April, 2017</a>
</li>
<li>
<a href="https://im4change.in/farm-crisis/unemployment-30.html?pgno=17#fourth-quarterlynbsp-report-on-employment-scenario-in-selected-sectors-new-series-as-on-1st-january-2017">Fourth Quarterly Report on Employment Scenario in selected sectors (new series) as on 1st January, 2017</a>
</li>
<li>
<a href="https://im4change.in/farm-crisis/unemployment-30.html?pgno=17#third-quarterlynbsp-report-on-employment-scenario-in-selected-sectors-new-series-as-on-1st-october-2016">Third Quarterly Report on Employment Scenario in selected sectors (new series) as on 1st October, 2016</a>
</li>
<li>
<a href="https://im4change.in/farm-crisis/unemployment-30.html?pgno=17#second-quarterlynbsp-report-on-employment-scenario-in-selected-sectors-new-series-as-on-1st-july-2016">Second Quarterly Report on Employment Scenario in selected sectors (new series) as on 1st July, 2016</a>
</li>
<li>
<a href="https://im4change.in/farm-crisis/unemployment-30.html?pgno=17#first-quarterlynbsp-report-on-employment-scenario-in-selected-sectors-new-series-as-on-1st-april-2016">First Quarterly Report on Employment Scenario in selected sectors (new series) as on 1st April, 2016</a>
</li>
<li>
<a href="https://im4change.in/farm-crisis/unemployment-30.html?pgno=17#report-on-fifth-annual-employment-unemployment-survey-2015-16-volume-1-released-in-september-2016">Report on Fifth Annual Employment-Unemployment Survey (2015-16) Volume-1 (released in September 2016)</a>
</li>
<li>
<a href="https://im4change.in/farm-crisis/unemployment-30.html?pgno=17#report-on-4th-annual-employment-unemployment-survey-2013-14">Report on 4th Annual Employment-Unemployment Survey 2013-14</a>
</li>
<li>
<a href="https://im4change.in/farm-crisis/unemployment-30.html?pgno=17#report-on-3rd-annual-employment-unemployment-survey-2012-13">Report on 3rd Annual Employment-Unemployment Survey 2012-13</a>
</li>
<li>
<a href="https://im4change.in/farm-crisis/unemployment-30.html?pgno=17#report-on-2nd-annual-employment-unemployment-survey-2011-12">Report on 2nd Annual Employment-Unemployment Survey 2011-12</a>
</li>
<li>
<a href="https://im4change.in/farm-crisis/unemployment-30.html?pgno=17#report-on-1st-annual-employment-unemployment-survey-2009-10">Report on 1st Annual Employment-Unemployment Survey 2009-10</a>
</li>
<li>
<a href="https://im4change.in/farm-crisis/unemployment-30.html?pgno=18#economic-survey-2015-16">Economic Survey 2015-16</a>
</li>
<li>
<a href="https://im4change.in/farm-crisis/unemployment-30.html?pgno=19#nss-68th-round-report-entitled-employment-and-unemployment-situation-among-major-religious-groups-in-india-2011-12-released-in-february-2016-mospi">NSS 68th Round Report entitled: Employment and Unemployment Situation among Major Religious Groups in India (2011-12) released in February, 2016, MoSPI</a>
</li>
<li>
<a href="https://im4change.in/farm-crisis/unemployment-30.html?pgno=20#economic-survey-2014-15">Economic Survey 2014-15</a>
</li>
<li>
<a href="https://im4change.in/farm-crisis/unemployment-30.html?pgno=21#achievements-and-initiatives-in-the-ministry-of-labour-and-employment">Achievements and Initiatives in the Ministry of Labour and Employment</a>
</li>
<li>
<a href="https://im4change.in/farm-crisis/unemployment-30.html?pgno=21#trends-in-rural-wage-rates-whether-india-reached-lewis-turning-point">Trends in Rural Wage Rates: Whether India Reached Lewis Turning Point</a>
</li>
<li>
<a href="https://im4change.in/farm-crisis/unemployment-30.html?pgno=22#nss-report-no-551-66106-titled-status-of-education-and-vocational-training-in-india-66th-round">NSS report no. 551 (66/10/6) titled Status of Education and Vocational Training in India (66th Round)</a>
</li>
<li>
<a href="https://im4change.in/farm-crisis/unemployment-30.html?pgno=23#global-wage-report-2012-13">Global Wage Report 2012-13</a>
</li>
<li>
<a href="https://im4change.in/farm-crisis/unemployment-30.html?pgno=24#report-on-second-annual-employment-unemployment-survey-2011-12">Report on Second Annual Employment-Unemployment Survey 2011-12</a>
</li>
<li>
<a href="https://im4change.in/farm-crisis/unemployment-30.html?pgno=24#key-indicators-of-employment-and-unemployment-in-india-2009-10-released-on-24-june-2011">Key Indicators of Employment and Unemployment in India, 2009-10 (released on 24 June, 2011)</a>
</li>
<li>
<a href="https://im4change.in/farm-crisis/unemployment-30.html?pgno=25#global-employment-trends-2011">Global Employment Trends 2011</a>
</li>
<li>
<a href="https://im4change.in/farm-crisis/unemployment-30.html?pgno=25#report-on-employment-unemployment-survey-2009-10">Report on Employment & Unemployment Survey (2009-10)</a>
</li>
<li>
<a href="https://im4change.in/farm-crisis/unemployment-30.html?pgno=26#world-social-security-report-201011">World Social Security Report 2010/11</a>
</li>
<li>
<a href="https://im4change.in/farm-crisis/unemployment-30.html?pgno=26#employment-and-unemployment-situation-in-india-2007-08">Employment and Unemployment Situation in India, 2007-08</a>
</li>
<li>
<a href="https://im4change.in/farm-crisis/unemployment-30.html?pgno=27#annual-report-to-the-people-of-india-on-employment-ministry-of-labour-and-employment-july-2010">Annual Report to the people of India on Employment, Ministry of Labour and Employment, July, 2010</a>
</li>
<li>
<a href="https://im4change.in/farm-crisis/unemployment-30.html?pgno=27#employment-and-unemployment-situation-in-india-2005-06">Employment and Unemployment Situation in India 2005-06</a>
</li>
<li>
<a href="https://im4change.in/farm-crisis/unemployment-30.html?pgno=27#women-in-labour-markets-measuring-progress-and-identifying-challenges-march-2010">Women in labour markets: Measuring progress and identifying challenges, March 2010</a>
</li>
<li>
<a href="https://im4change.in/farm-crisis/unemployment-30.html?pgno=27#global-employment-trends-by-international-labour-organization-ilo-january-2010">Global Employment Trends by International Labour Organization (ILO), January 2010</a>
</li>
<li>
<a href="https://im4change.in/farm-crisis/unemployment-30.html?pgno=28#national-commission-for-enterprises-in-the-unorganised-sector-nceus-2007">National Commission for Enterprises in the Unorganised Sector--NCEUS (2007)</a>
</li>
<li>
<a href="https://im4change.in/farm-crisis/unemployment-30.html?pgno=28#india-labour-market-report-2008">India Labour Market Report 2008</a>
</li>
</ul>
<div><a style="display:none" href="javascript:void(0)" id="lesswhatsinsidelink" onClick="javascript:$('#morewhatsinside').hide();$('#morewhatsinsidelink').show();$('#lesswhatsinsidelink').hide();">Less</a></div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
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<div>
</p><p style="text-align:justify">Kindly <a href="/upload/files/Mercer%20primer-new-labour-codes.pdf" target="_blank" title="/upload/files/Mercer%20primer-new-labour-codes.pdf" target="_blank">click here</a> to access the <a name="primer-on-labour-codes-in-india-released-in-january-2022">Primer on Labour Codes in India (released in January, 2022)</a>, which has been prepared by Mercer Consulting.</p><p style="text-align:justify"><strong>---</strong></p><p style="text-align:justify">The <a href="https://im4change.org/upload/files/Domestic%20Work%20is%20Work%20CHRI%202021.pdf" target="_blank" title="https://im4change.org/upload/files/Domestic%20Work%20is%20Work%20CHRI%202021.pdf" target="_blank">report</a> titled <a name="domestic-work-is-work-by-commonwealth-health-rights-initiative-chri-released-on-10th-december2021">Domestic Work is Work by Commonwealth Health Rights Initiative-CHRI (released on 10th December,2021)</a> explores the situation of domestic workers and the status of ratification of C189 in specific Commonwealth countries. It includes five Commonwealth nations that have yet to ratify C189: United Kingdom, Uganda, India, Papua New Guinea, and Dominica. These countries were selected because their governments have either committed to ratifying C189, are considering ratification, or face mounting local civil society pressure to ratify - all suggesting some momentum for change. Each case study focuses on the challenges facing domestic workers and explores actions that both governments and civil society can take to support domestic workers and promote C189.</p><p style="text-align:justify">The <a href="https://im4change.org/upload/files/Domestic%20Work%20is%20Work%20CHRI%202021.pdf" target="_blank" title="https://im4change.org/upload/files/Domestic%20Work%20is%20Work%20CHRI%202021.pdf" target="_blank">report by CHRI</a> also includes two additional case studies - countries that have shown their commitment to protecting the rights of domestic workers and advancing decent work for all by ratifying C189: Jamaica and South Africa. These stories of good practice provide insights into lessons learnt for effective civil society advocacy and government collaboration. The ratification stories of Jamaica and South Africa also exemplify the power of strategic grassroots advocacy for bringing about essential change.</p><p style="text-align:justify">Key Recommendations</p><p style="text-align:justify">Civil society and advocates can take the following key actions to complement state actions and to promote the ratification of C189 and the rights of domestic workers in their countries:<br /> <br />* Collaborate with domestic workers and organisations led by domestic workers to inform responsive and effective advocacy and promote the ability of domestic workers to organise collectively and join trade unions<br />* Engage key decision makers who can push for the ratification and implementation of C189<br />* Utilise key dates as opportunities to strategically advocate for the ratification and implementation of C189<br />* Promote the ratification of C189 and its provisions through public awareness raising, education and campaigns<br />* Increase capacity for research and data collection on the situation of domestic workers<br />* Promote the right to information to enhance advocacy efforts<br />* Join international, and regional and national civil society coalitions and networks<br />* Support aid services for domestic workers<br />* Raise concerns with international and regional human rights mechanisms and experts</p><p style="text-align:justify"><strong>---</strong><br />The key findings of the <a name="mercer-cfa-institute-global-pension-index-2021-pension-reform-in-challenging-times-released-in-october-2021nbsp">Mercer CFA Institute Global Pension Index 2021: Pension reform in challenging times (released in October, 2021) </a> are as follows (please click <a href="https://im4change.org/upload/files/Mercer.pdf" title="https://im4change.org/upload/files/Mercer.pdf">here</a> and <a href="https://www.uk.mercer.com/our-thinking/global-pension-index-2021.html" title="https://www.uk.mercer.com/our-thinking/global-pension-index-2021.html">here</a> to access): </p><p style="text-align:justify">• The Mercer CFA Institute Global Pension Index 2021 benchmarks 43 retirement income systems around the world, highlighting strengths and weaknesses. In 2021, new entrant Iceland is named as having the world’s best pension system overall. However, as the world continues to grapple with the economic implications of the pandemic and its ongoing health crisis, the study also reveals factors causing the gender pension gap around the world. It’s critical that policymakers and governments reflect on the strengths and weaknesses of their systems to deliver better long-term outcomes for future retirees.</p><p style="text-align:justify">• India’s retirement income system comprises an earnings-related employee pension scheme, a defined contribution employee provident fund, and supplementary employer managed pension schemes that are largely defined contribution in nature.</p><p style="text-align:justify">• Government schemes have been launched as part of universal social security program aimed at benefiting the unorganised sector. The EPFO’s schemes continue to be the primary one for the organized sector. The National Pension System is gradually gaining popularity.</p><p style="text-align:justify">• India (along with Japan, Mexico, South Korea, Turkey, Philippines, Argentina and Thailand) has a pension system that has some desirable features, but also has major weaknesses and/or omissions that need to be addressed. Without these improvements, its efficacy and sustainability are in doubt. </p><p style="text-align:justify">• In 2021, India ranks 40th in overall index out of 43 pension systems. </p><p style="text-align:justify">• The Indian index value decreased from 45.7 in 2020 to 43.3 in 2021 primarily due to a fall in the net replacement rates. According to the <a href="https://data.oecd.org/pension/net-pension-replacement-rates.htm" title="https://data.oecd.org/pension/net-pension-replacement-rates.htm">OECD</a>, the 'net replacement rate' is defined as the individual net pension entitlement divided by net pre-retirement earnings, taking into account personal income taxes and social security contributions paid by workers and pensioners. The sub-index value for 'adequency' fell from 38.8 in 2020 to 33.5 in 2021. The sub-index value for 'sustainability' decreased from 43.1 in 2020 to 41.8 in 2021. The sub-index value for 'integrity' increased from 60.3 in 2020 to 61.0 in 2021. </p><p style="text-align:justify">• In the case of India, the sub-indices values for 'adequacy', 'sustainablity' and 'integrity' are 33.5, 41.8 and 61.0 during 2021, respectively. The 'adequacy' sub-index represents the benefits that are being provided together with some important system design features. The 'adequacy' sub-index covers Benefits, System design, Savings, Government support, Home ownership and Growth assets. The 'sustainability' sub-index has a focus on the future and measures various indicators, which will influence the likelihood that the current system is able to provide benefits in the future. The 'sustainability' sub-index covers Pension coverage, Total assets, Demography, Public expenditure, Government debt and Economic growth. The 'integrity' sub-index includes many legislative requirements that influence the overall governance and operations of the system, which affect the level of confidence that citizens have in their system. The 'integrity' sub-index covers Regulation, Governance, Protection, Communication and Operating costs. </p><p style="text-align:justify">• In 2021, India has received the overall index value/ grade of 'D'. For 'adequacy', 'sustainablity' and 'integrity', it has got the grades 'E', 'D' and 'C+', respectively. </p><p style="text-align:justify">• Pension system (and overall index value): Argentina (41.5), Australia (75.0), Austria (53.0), Belgium (64.5), Brazil (54.7), Canada (69.8), Chile (67.0), China (55.1), Colombia (58.4), Denmark (82.0), Finland (73.3), France (60.5), Germany (67.9), Hong Kong SAR (61.8), Iceland (84.2), India (43.3), Indonesia (50.4), Ireland (68.3), Israel (77.1), Italy (53.4), Japan (49.8), Korea (48.3), Malaysia (59.6), Mexico (49.0), Netherlands (83.5), New Zealand (67.4), Norway (75.2), Peru (55.0), Philippines (42.7), Poland (55.2), Saudi Arabia (58.1), Singapore (70.7), South Africa (53.6), Spain (58.6), Sweden (72.9), Switzerland (70.0), Taiwan (51.8), Thailand (40.6), Turkey (45.8), United Arab Emirates (59.6), United Kingdom (71.6), Uruguay (60.7), United States of America (61.4).</p><p style="text-align:justify">• The overall index value for the Indian system could be increased by:</p><p style="text-align:justify">-- introducing a minimum level of support for the poorest aged individuals<br />-- increasing coverage of pension arrangements for the unorganised working class<br />-- introducing a minimum access age so that it is clear that benefits are preserved for retirement purposes<br />-- improving the regulatory requirements for the private pension system</p><p style="text-align:justify">• The systems with the highest value for the adequacy sub-index are Iceland (82.7) and the Netherlands (82.1), with Thailand (35.2) and India (33.5) having the lowest values. While several indicators influence these scores, the level of the minimum pension (expressed as a percentage of the average wage) and the net replacement rate for a range of incomes are the most important.</p><p style="text-align:justify">• The minimum pension ranges from less than 5 percent of the average wage in China, India, Malaysia, Philippines, Saudi Arabia, Thailand and Uruguay to 35 per cent or more in Brazil, Denmark, Iceland and New Zealand. Indonesia does not provide a minimum pension.</p><p style="text-align:justify">• The rates of coverage for private pension plans ranged from nil in Argentina and about six percent in India to more than 80 percent of the working age population in Chile, Denmark, Finland, France, Iceland, the Netherlands, New Zealand, Sweden and Taiwan.</p><p style="text-align:justify">----</p><p style="text-align:justify">The <a href="/upload/files/OCCASIONAL-PAPER-SERIES-10-final.pdf" title="/upload/files/OCCASIONAL-PAPER-SERIES-10-final.pdf">study</a> titled <a name="is-platform-work-decent-work-a-case-of-food-delivery-workers-in-karnataka-released-on-8th-september-2021">Is Platform Work Decent Work? A Case of Food Delivery Workers in Karnataka (released on 8th September, 2021)</a>, which was published by the National Law School of India University (Bangalore), is a contribution to the understanding of jobs in the platform economy or gig economy. It attempts to examine the earnings of platform workers and explores their experiences on the job in Bengaluru. The <a href="/upload/files/OCCASIONAL-PAPER-SERIES-10-final.pdf" title="/upload/files/OCCASIONAL-PAPER-SERIES-10-final.pdf">study</a> documented below the minimum wage earnings despite long work hours well beyond 8 hours on average per day for most platform workers engaged in various food delivery platforms in Karnataka. </p><p style="text-align:justify"> <br>
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Farm Crisis | Unemployment </title>
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• In 2017-18, 24.8 percent of rural working-age men and 74.5 percent of rural working-age (viz. 15-59 years) women were not employed. In urban areas, 25.8 percent of working-age men and 80.2 percent of working-age women were not employed AB
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<h3><b>Farm Crisis</b></h3>
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class="left postionrel">Unemployment </a>
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<a target="_blank" href="https://im4change.in/farm-crisis/rural-distress-70.html"
class="left postionrel">Rural distress </a>
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</p>
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<a target="_blank" href="https://im4change.in/hunger-hdi/malnutrition-41.html"
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<a target="_blank" href="https://im4change.in/hunger-hdi/sdgs-113.html"
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<h3><b>Environment</b></h3>
<p style="padding-left:5px;">
<a target="_blank" href="https://im4change.in/environment/time-bomb-ticking-52.html"
class="left postionrel">Time Bomb Ticking </a>
</p>
<p style="padding-left:5px;">
<a target="_blank" href="https://im4change.in/environment/water-and-sanitation-55.html"
class="left postionrel">Water and Sanitation </a>
</p>
<p style="padding-left:5px;">
<a target="_blank" href="https://im4change.in/environment/impact-on-agriculture-54.html"
class="left postionrel">Impact on Agriculture </a>
</p>
</div>
<div class="mega-menu-item">
<h3><b>Law & Justice</b></h3>
<p style="padding-left:5px;">
<a target="_blank" href="https://im4change.in/law-justice/social-justice-20500.html"
class="left postionrel">Social Justice </a>
</p>
<p style="padding-left:5px;">
<a target="_blank" href="https://im4change.in/law-justice/access-to-justice-47.html"
class="left postionrel">Access to Justice </a>
</p>
<p style="padding-left:5px;">
<a target="_blank" href="https://im4change.in/law-justice/human-rights-56.html"
class="left postionrel">Human Rights </a>
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<p style="padding-left:5px;">
<a target="_blank" href="https://im4change.in/law-justice/corruption-35.html"
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<p style="padding-left:5px;">
<a target="_blank" href="https://im4change.in/law-justice/general-insecurity-46.html"
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<p style="padding-left:5px;">
<a target="_blank" href="https://im4change.in/law-justice/disaster-relief-49.html"
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<h1 class="cat-box-title">Unemployment</h1>
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<h2 style="font-weight: bold; font-size: 13px;">What's Inside</h2>
<ul class="whatsinside">
<li>
<a href="https://im4change.in/farm-crisis/unemployment-30.html?pgno=2#crushed-2022-4th-edition-released-on-13th-december-2022">Crushed 2022, 4th edition (released on 13th December 2022)</a>
</li>
<li>
<a href="https://im4change.in/farm-crisis/unemployment-30.html?pgno=3#accessing-minimum-wages-evidence-from-delhi-released-on-july-4-2022">Accessing Minimum Wages: Evidence from Delhi (released on July 4, 2022)</a>
</li>
<li>
<a href="https://im4change.in/farm-crisis/unemployment-30.html?pgno=4#taking-the-temperature-report-edition-3-a-roadmap-for-recovery-governance-infrastructure-and-self-reliance">Taking the Temperature Report Edition 3: A roadmap for recovery: governance, infrastructure, and self-reliance</a>
</li>
<li>
<a href="https://im4change.in/farm-crisis/unemployment-30.html?pgno=4#taking-the-temperature-report-edition-2-the-deepening-impact-of-covid-19-on-indiarsquos-creative-economy">Taking the Temperature Report Edition 2: The deepening impact of COVID-19 on India’s creative economy</a>
</li>
<li>
<a href="https://im4change.in/farm-crisis/unemployment-30.html?pgno=4#taking-the-temperature-report-edition-1-impact-of-covid-19-on-indiarsquos-creative-economy">Taking the Temperature Report Edition 1: Impact of Covid-19 on India’s Creative Economy</a>
</li>
<li>
<a href="https://im4change.in/farm-crisis/unemployment-30.html?pgno=5#crushed-2021-3rd-edition-released-on-26th-january-2022">Crushed 2021, 3rd edition (released on 26th January, 2022)</a>
</li>
<li>
<a href="https://im4change.in/farm-crisis/unemployment-30.html?pgno=6#primer-on-labour-codes-in-india-released-in-january-2022">Primer on Labour Codes in India (released in January, 2022)</a>
</li>
<li>
<a href="https://im4change.in/farm-crisis/unemployment-30.html?pgno=6#domestic-work-is-work-by-commonwealth-health-rights-initiative-chri-released-on-10th-december2021">Domestic Work is Work by Commonwealth Health Rights Initiative-CHRI (released on 10th December,2021)</a>
</li>
<li>
<a href="https://im4change.in/farm-crisis/unemployment-30.html?pgno=6#mercer-cfa-institute-global-pension-index-2021-pension-reform-in-challenging-times-released-in-october-2021nbsp">Mercer CFA Institute Global Pension Index 2021: Pension reform in challenging times (released in October, 2021) </a>
</li>
<li>
<a href="https://im4change.in/farm-crisis/unemployment-30.html?pgno=6#is-platform-work-decent-work-a-case-of-food-delivery-workers-in-karnataka-released-on-8th-september-2021">Is Platform Work Decent Work? A Case of Food Delivery Workers in Karnataka (released on 8th September, 2021)</a>
</li>
</ul>
<div><a href="javascript:void(0)" id="morewhatsinsidelink" onClick="javascript:$('#morewhatsinside').show();$('#morewhatsinsidelink').hide();$('#lesswhatsinsidelink').show();">More</a></div>
<ul class="whatsinside" id="morewhatsinside" style="display:none">
<li>
<a href="https://im4change.in/farm-crisis/unemployment-30.html?pgno=7#report-on-the-first-round-of-quarterly-employment-survey-under-the-aqees-released-in-september-2021">Report on the First Round of Quarterly Employment Survey under the AQEES (released in September, 2021)</a>
</li>
<li>
<a href="https://im4change.in/farm-crisis/unemployment-30.html?pgno=8#annual-report-of-the-periodic-labour-force-survey-2019-20-released-on-23rd-july-2021">Annual Report of the Periodic Labour Force Survey 2019-20 (released on 23rd July, 2021)</a>
</li>
<li>
<a href="https://im4change.in/farm-crisis/unemployment-30.html?pgno=9#standing-committee-report-on-rural-development-demand-for-grants-2021-22-thirteenth-report">Standing Committee Report on Rural Development: Demand for Grants (2021-22), Thirteenth Report</a>
</li>
<li>
<a href="https://im4change.in/farm-crisis/unemployment-30.html?pgno=9#standing-committee-report-on-labour-social-security-and-welfare-measures-for-inter-state-migrant-workers-2020-21-sixteenth-report">Standing Committee Report on Labour: Social Security and Welfare Measures for Inter-State Migrant Workers (2020-21), Sixteenth Report</a>
</li>
<li>
<a href="https://im4change.in/farm-crisis/unemployment-30.html?pgno=10#lessons-for-social-protection-from-the-covid-19-lockdowns-report-1-of-2-state-relief-released-in-february-2021">Lessons for Social Protection from the COVID-19 Lockdowns Report 1 of 2: State Relief (released in February, 2021)</a>
</li>
<li>
<a href="https://im4change.in/farm-crisis/unemployment-30.html?pgno=10#working-from-home-from-invisibility-to-decent-work-released-in-january-2021">Working from home: From invisibility to decent work (released in January 2021)</a>
</li>
<li>
<a href="https://im4change.in/farm-crisis/unemployment-30.html?pgno=10#time-use-in-india-2019-january-december-2019-released-in-september-2020">Time Use in India-2019, January-December 2019 (released in September 2020)</a>
</li>
<li>
<a href="https://im4change.in/farm-crisis/unemployment-30.html?pgno=10#briefing-note-for-parliamentarians-on-labour-law-reforms">Briefing Note for Parliamentarians on Labour Law Reforms</a>
</li>
<li>
<a href="https://im4change.in/farm-crisis/unemployment-30.html?pgno=10#the-code-on-social-security-2020">The Code on Social Security 2020</a>
</li>
<li>
<a href="https://im4change.in/farm-crisis/unemployment-30.html?pgno=10#the-occupational-safety-health-and-working-conditions-code-2020">The Occupational Safety, Health and Working Conditions Code 2020</a>
</li>
<li>
<a href="https://im4change.in/farm-crisis/unemployment-30.html?pgno=10#the-industrial-relations-code-2020">The Industrial Relations Code 2020</a>
</li>
<li>
<a href="https://im4change.in/farm-crisis/unemployment-30.html?pgno=10#the-code-on-wages-2019">The Code on Wages 2019</a>
</li>
<li>
<a href="https://im4change.in/farm-crisis/unemployment-30.html?pgno=10#parliamentary-standing-committee-report-on-labour-2019-20-the-code-on-social-security-2019-released-in-july-2020">Parliamentary Standing Committee Report on Labour 2019-20, The Code on Social Security 2019 (released in July 2020)</a>
</li>
<li>
<a href="https://im4change.in/farm-crisis/unemployment-30.html?pgno=10#parliamentary-standing-committeenbspreport-on-labour-2019-20-the-industrial-relations-code-2019-released-in-april-2020">Parliamentary Standing Committee Report on Labour 2019-20, The Industrial Relations Code 2019 (released in April 2020)</a>
</li>
<li>
<a href="https://im4change.in/farm-crisis/unemployment-30.html?pgno=10#parliamentary-standing-committeenbspreport-on-labour-2019-20-the-occupational-safety-health-and-working-conditions-code-2019-released-in-february-2020">Parliamentary Standing Committee Report on Labour 2019-20, The Occupational Safety, Health and Working Conditions Code 2019 (released in February 2020)</a>
</li>
<li>
<a href="https://im4change.in/farm-crisis/unemployment-30.html?pgno=10#parliamentary-standing-committeenbspreport-on-labour-2018-19-the-code-on-wages-bill-2017-released-in-december-2018">Parliamentary Standing Committee Report on Labour 2018-19, The Code on Wages Bill 2017 (released in December 2018)</a>
</li>
<li>
<a href="https://im4change.in/farm-crisis/unemployment-30.html?pgno=10#parliamentary-standing-committeenbspreport-on-labour-2014-15-the-factories-amendment-bill-2014-released-in-december-2014">Parliamentary Standing Committee Report on Labour 2014-15, The Factories (Amendment) Bill 2014 (released in December 2014)</a>
</li>
<li>
<a href="https://im4change.in/farm-crisis/unemployment-30.html?pgno=10#tackling-the-covid-19-youth-employment-crisis-in-asia-and-the-pacific-released-on-18th-august-2020">Tackling the COVID-19 youth employment crisis in Asia and the Pacific (released on 18th August, 2020)</a>
</li>
<li>
<a href="https://im4change.in/farm-crisis/unemployment-30.html?pgno=11#workers-in-the-times-of-covid-19-first-round-by-actionaid-india-released-13th-august-2020">Workers in the Times of COVID-19 (first round) by ActionAid India (released 13th August, 2020)</a>
</li>
<li>
<a href="https://im4change.in/farm-crisis/unemployment-30.html?pgno=11#annual-report-on-periodic-labour-force-survey-july-2018-june-2019-released-in-june-2020">Annual Report on Periodic Labour Force Survey, July 2018-June 2019 (released in June 2020)</a>
</li>
<li>
<a href="https://im4change.in/farm-crisis/unemployment-30.html?pgno=12#effects-of-lockdown-on-domestic-workers-released-in-june-2020">Effects of Lockdown on Domestic Workers (released in June 2020)</a>
</li>
<li>
<a href="https://im4change.in/farm-crisis/unemployment-30.html?pgno=13#impact-of-the-covid-19-pandemic-on-agriculture-and-food-security-in-india-released-on-20th-may-2020">Impact of the COVID-19 Pandemic on Agriculture and Food Security in India (released on 20th May, 2020)</a>
</li>
<li>
<a href="https://im4change.in/farm-crisis/unemployment-30.html?pgno=13#covid-19-induced-lockdown-ndash-how-is-the-hinterland-coping-released-on-13th-may-2020">COVID-19 induced Lockdown – How is the Hinterland Coping? (released on 13th May, 2020)</a>
</li>
<li>
<a href="https://im4change.in/farm-crisis/unemployment-30.html?pgno=13#covid-19-analysis-of-impact-and-relief-measures-study-released-on-12th-may-2020">COVID-19: Analysis of Impact and Relief Measures Study (released on 12th May, 2020)</a>
</li>
<li>
<a href="https://im4change.in/farm-crisis/unemployment-30.html?pgno=13#taking-stock-assessing-distribution-and-distress-in-gurugram-during-the-covid-19-lockdown-released-on-26th-april-2020">Taking Stock: Assessing Distribution and Distress in Gurugram during the COVID-19 Lockdown (released on 26th April, 2020)</a>
</li>
<li>
<a href="https://im4change.in/farm-crisis/unemployment-30.html?pgno=13#second-round-of-delhi-national-capital-region-coronavirus-telephone-survey-conducted-by-national-data-innovation-centre-ncaer-released-on-1st-may-2020">Second Round of Delhi National Capital Region Coronavirus Telephone Survey conducted by National Data Innovation Centre, NCAER (released on 1st May, 2020)</a>
</li>
<li>
<a href="https://im4change.in/farm-crisis/unemployment-30.html?pgno=13#first-round-of-delhi-national-capital-region-coronavirus-telephone-survey-conducted-by-ncaer-released-on-12th-april-2020">First Round of Delhi National Capital Region Coronavirus Telephone Survey conducted by NCAER (released on 12th April, 2020)</a>
</li>
<li>
<a href="https://im4change.in/farm-crisis/unemployment-30.html?pgno=14#annual-report-on-periodic-labour-force-survey-july-2017-june-2018">Annual Report on Periodic Labour Force Survey (July 2017 - June 2018)</a>
</li>
<li>
<a href="https://im4change.in/farm-crisis/unemployment-30.html?pgno=15#state-of-working-india-2019">State of Working India 2019</a>
</li>
<li>
<a href="https://im4change.in/farm-crisis/unemployment-30.html?pgno=16#state-of-working-india-2018">State of Working India 2018</a>
</li>
<li>
<a href="https://im4change.in/farm-crisis/unemployment-30.html?pgno=17#report-on-ldquomeasuring-productivity-at-the-industry-level-ndash-the-india-klems-databaserdquo-27-march-2018-reserve-bank-of-india">Report on “Measuring Productivity at the Industry Level – The India KLEMS Database”, 27 March, 2018, Reserve Bank of India</a>
</li>
<li>
<a href="https://im4change.in/farm-crisis/unemployment-30.html?pgno=17#draft-report-of-the-task-force-on-improving-employment-data-2017-chaired-by-arvind-panagariya-niti-aayog">Draft Report of the Task Force on Improving Employment Data (2017) chaired by Arvind Panagariya, NITI Aayog</a>
</li>
<li>
<a href="https://im4change.in/farm-crisis/unemployment-30.html?pgno=17#seventh-quarterly-report-on-employment-scenario-in-selectednbsp-sectors-new-series-as-on-1st-october-2017">Seventh Quarterly Report on Employment Scenario in selected sectors (new series) as on 1st October, 2017</a>
</li>
<li>
<a href="https://im4change.in/farm-crisis/unemployment-30.html?pgno=17#sixth-quarterlynbsp-report-on-employment-scenario-in-selected-sectors-new-series-as-on-1st-july-2017">Sixth Quarterly Report on Employment Scenario in selected sectors (new series) as on 1st July, 2017</a>
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<a href="https://im4change.in/farm-crisis/unemployment-30.html?pgno=17#fifth-quarterlynbsp-report-on-employment-scenario-in-selected-sectors-new-series-as-on-1st-april-2017">Fifth Quarterly Report on Employment Scenario in selected sectors (new series) as on 1st April, 2017</a>
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<a href="https://im4change.in/farm-crisis/unemployment-30.html?pgno=17#fourth-quarterlynbsp-report-on-employment-scenario-in-selected-sectors-new-series-as-on-1st-january-2017">Fourth Quarterly Report on Employment Scenario in selected sectors (new series) as on 1st January, 2017</a>
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<a href="https://im4change.in/farm-crisis/unemployment-30.html?pgno=17#third-quarterlynbsp-report-on-employment-scenario-in-selected-sectors-new-series-as-on-1st-october-2016">Third Quarterly Report on Employment Scenario in selected sectors (new series) as on 1st October, 2016</a>
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<a href="https://im4change.in/farm-crisis/unemployment-30.html?pgno=17#second-quarterlynbsp-report-on-employment-scenario-in-selected-sectors-new-series-as-on-1st-july-2016">Second Quarterly Report on Employment Scenario in selected sectors (new series) as on 1st July, 2016</a>
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<a href="https://im4change.in/farm-crisis/unemployment-30.html?pgno=17#first-quarterlynbsp-report-on-employment-scenario-in-selected-sectors-new-series-as-on-1st-april-2016">First Quarterly Report on Employment Scenario in selected sectors (new series) as on 1st April, 2016</a>
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<a href="https://im4change.in/farm-crisis/unemployment-30.html?pgno=17#report-on-fifth-annual-employment-unemployment-survey-2015-16-volume-1-released-in-september-2016">Report on Fifth Annual Employment-Unemployment Survey (2015-16) Volume-1 (released in September 2016)</a>
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<a href="https://im4change.in/farm-crisis/unemployment-30.html?pgno=17#report-on-4th-annual-employment-unemployment-survey-2013-14">Report on 4th Annual Employment-Unemployment Survey 2013-14</a>
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<a href="https://im4change.in/farm-crisis/unemployment-30.html?pgno=17#report-on-3rd-annual-employment-unemployment-survey-2012-13">Report on 3rd Annual Employment-Unemployment Survey 2012-13</a>
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<a href="https://im4change.in/farm-crisis/unemployment-30.html?pgno=17#report-on-2nd-annual-employment-unemployment-survey-2011-12">Report on 2nd Annual Employment-Unemployment Survey 2011-12</a>
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<a href="https://im4change.in/farm-crisis/unemployment-30.html?pgno=17#report-on-1st-annual-employment-unemployment-survey-2009-10">Report on 1st Annual Employment-Unemployment Survey 2009-10</a>
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<a href="https://im4change.in/farm-crisis/unemployment-30.html?pgno=18#economic-survey-2015-16">Economic Survey 2015-16</a>
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<a href="https://im4change.in/farm-crisis/unemployment-30.html?pgno=19#nss-68th-round-report-entitled-employment-and-unemployment-situation-among-major-religious-groups-in-india-2011-12-released-in-february-2016-mospi">NSS 68th Round Report entitled: Employment and Unemployment Situation among Major Religious Groups in India (2011-12) released in February, 2016, MoSPI</a>
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<a href="https://im4change.in/farm-crisis/unemployment-30.html?pgno=20#economic-survey-2014-15">Economic Survey 2014-15</a>
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<a href="https://im4change.in/farm-crisis/unemployment-30.html?pgno=21#achievements-and-initiatives-in-the-ministry-of-labour-and-employment">Achievements and Initiatives in the Ministry of Labour and Employment</a>
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<a href="https://im4change.in/farm-crisis/unemployment-30.html?pgno=21#trends-in-rural-wage-rates-whether-india-reached-lewis-turning-point">Trends in Rural Wage Rates: Whether India Reached Lewis Turning Point</a>
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<a href="https://im4change.in/farm-crisis/unemployment-30.html?pgno=22#nss-report-no-551-66106-titled-status-of-education-and-vocational-training-in-india-66th-round">NSS report no. 551 (66/10/6) titled Status of Education and Vocational Training in India (66th Round)</a>
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<a href="https://im4change.in/farm-crisis/unemployment-30.html?pgno=23#global-wage-report-2012-13">Global Wage Report 2012-13</a>
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<a href="https://im4change.in/farm-crisis/unemployment-30.html?pgno=24#report-on-second-annual-employment-unemployment-survey-2011-12">Report on Second Annual Employment-Unemployment Survey 2011-12</a>
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<a href="https://im4change.in/farm-crisis/unemployment-30.html?pgno=24#key-indicators-of-employment-and-unemployment-in-india-2009-10-released-on-24-june-2011">Key Indicators of Employment and Unemployment in India, 2009-10 (released on 24 June, 2011)</a>
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<a href="https://im4change.in/farm-crisis/unemployment-30.html?pgno=25#global-employment-trends-2011">Global Employment Trends 2011</a>
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<a href="https://im4change.in/farm-crisis/unemployment-30.html?pgno=25#report-on-employment-unemployment-survey-2009-10">Report on Employment & Unemployment Survey (2009-10)</a>
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<a href="https://im4change.in/farm-crisis/unemployment-30.html?pgno=26#world-social-security-report-201011">World Social Security Report 2010/11</a>
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<li>
<a href="https://im4change.in/farm-crisis/unemployment-30.html?pgno=26#employment-and-unemployment-situation-in-india-2007-08">Employment and Unemployment Situation in India, 2007-08</a>
</li>
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<a href="https://im4change.in/farm-crisis/unemployment-30.html?pgno=27#annual-report-to-the-people-of-india-on-employment-ministry-of-labour-and-employment-july-2010">Annual Report to the people of India on Employment, Ministry of Labour and Employment, July, 2010</a>
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<a href="https://im4change.in/farm-crisis/unemployment-30.html?pgno=27#employment-and-unemployment-situation-in-india-2005-06">Employment and Unemployment Situation in India 2005-06</a>
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<a href="https://im4change.in/farm-crisis/unemployment-30.html?pgno=27#women-in-labour-markets-measuring-progress-and-identifying-challenges-march-2010">Women in labour markets: Measuring progress and identifying challenges, March 2010</a>
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<a href="https://im4change.in/farm-crisis/unemployment-30.html?pgno=27#global-employment-trends-by-international-labour-organization-ilo-january-2010">Global Employment Trends by International Labour Organization (ILO), January 2010</a>
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<a href="https://im4change.in/farm-crisis/unemployment-30.html?pgno=28#national-commission-for-enterprises-in-the-unorganised-sector-nceus-2007">National Commission for Enterprises in the Unorganised Sector--NCEUS (2007)</a>
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<a href="https://im4change.in/farm-crisis/unemployment-30.html?pgno=28#india-labour-market-report-2008">India Labour Market Report 2008</a>
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</p><p style="text-align:justify">Kindly <a href="/upload/files/Mercer%20primer-new-labour-codes.pdf" target="_blank" title="/upload/files/Mercer%20primer-new-labour-codes.pdf" target="_blank">click here</a> to access the <a name="primer-on-labour-codes-in-india-released-in-january-2022">Primer on Labour Codes in India (released in January, 2022)</a>, which has been prepared by Mercer Consulting.</p><p style="text-align:justify"><strong>---</strong></p><p style="text-align:justify">The <a href="https://im4change.org/upload/files/Domestic%20Work%20is%20Work%20CHRI%202021.pdf" target="_blank" title="https://im4change.org/upload/files/Domestic%20Work%20is%20Work%20CHRI%202021.pdf" target="_blank">report</a> titled <a name="domestic-work-is-work-by-commonwealth-health-rights-initiative-chri-released-on-10th-december2021">Domestic Work is Work by Commonwealth Health Rights Initiative-CHRI (released on 10th December,2021)</a> explores the situation of domestic workers and the status of ratification of C189 in specific Commonwealth countries. It includes five Commonwealth nations that have yet to ratify C189: United Kingdom, Uganda, India, Papua New Guinea, and Dominica. These countries were selected because their governments have either committed to ratifying C189, are considering ratification, or face mounting local civil society pressure to ratify - all suggesting some momentum for change. Each case study focuses on the challenges facing domestic workers and explores actions that both governments and civil society can take to support domestic workers and promote C189.</p><p style="text-align:justify">The <a href="https://im4change.org/upload/files/Domestic%20Work%20is%20Work%20CHRI%202021.pdf" target="_blank" title="https://im4change.org/upload/files/Domestic%20Work%20is%20Work%20CHRI%202021.pdf" target="_blank">report by CHRI</a> also includes two additional case studies - countries that have shown their commitment to protecting the rights of domestic workers and advancing decent work for all by ratifying C189: Jamaica and South Africa. These stories of good practice provide insights into lessons learnt for effective civil society advocacy and government collaboration. The ratification stories of Jamaica and South Africa also exemplify the power of strategic grassroots advocacy for bringing about essential change.</p><p style="text-align:justify">Key Recommendations</p><p style="text-align:justify">Civil society and advocates can take the following key actions to complement state actions and to promote the ratification of C189 and the rights of domestic workers in their countries:<br /> <br />* Collaborate with domestic workers and organisations led by domestic workers to inform responsive and effective advocacy and promote the ability of domestic workers to organise collectively and join trade unions<br />* Engage key decision makers who can push for the ratification and implementation of C189<br />* Utilise key dates as opportunities to strategically advocate for the ratification and implementation of C189<br />* Promote the ratification of C189 and its provisions through public awareness raising, education and campaigns<br />* Increase capacity for research and data collection on the situation of domestic workers<br />* Promote the right to information to enhance advocacy efforts<br />* Join international, and regional and national civil society coalitions and networks<br />* Support aid services for domestic workers<br />* Raise concerns with international and regional human rights mechanisms and experts</p><p style="text-align:justify"><strong>---</strong><br />The key findings of the <a name="mercer-cfa-institute-global-pension-index-2021-pension-reform-in-challenging-times-released-in-october-2021nbsp">Mercer CFA Institute Global Pension Index 2021: Pension reform in challenging times (released in October, 2021) </a> are as follows (please click <a href="https://im4change.org/upload/files/Mercer.pdf" title="https://im4change.org/upload/files/Mercer.pdf">here</a> and <a href="https://www.uk.mercer.com/our-thinking/global-pension-index-2021.html" title="https://www.uk.mercer.com/our-thinking/global-pension-index-2021.html">here</a> to access): </p><p style="text-align:justify">• The Mercer CFA Institute Global Pension Index 2021 benchmarks 43 retirement income systems around the world, highlighting strengths and weaknesses. In 2021, new entrant Iceland is named as having the world’s best pension system overall. However, as the world continues to grapple with the economic implications of the pandemic and its ongoing health crisis, the study also reveals factors causing the gender pension gap around the world. It’s critical that policymakers and governments reflect on the strengths and weaknesses of their systems to deliver better long-term outcomes for future retirees.</p><p style="text-align:justify">• India’s retirement income system comprises an earnings-related employee pension scheme, a defined contribution employee provident fund, and supplementary employer managed pension schemes that are largely defined contribution in nature.</p><p style="text-align:justify">• Government schemes have been launched as part of universal social security program aimed at benefiting the unorganised sector. The EPFO’s schemes continue to be the primary one for the organized sector. The National Pension System is gradually gaining popularity.</p><p style="text-align:justify">• India (along with Japan, Mexico, South Korea, Turkey, Philippines, Argentina and Thailand) has a pension system that has some desirable features, but also has major weaknesses and/or omissions that need to be addressed. Without these improvements, its efficacy and sustainability are in doubt. </p><p style="text-align:justify">• In 2021, India ranks 40th in overall index out of 43 pension systems. </p><p style="text-align:justify">• The Indian index value decreased from 45.7 in 2020 to 43.3 in 2021 primarily due to a fall in the net replacement rates. According to the <a href="https://data.oecd.org/pension/net-pension-replacement-rates.htm" title="https://data.oecd.org/pension/net-pension-replacement-rates.htm">OECD</a>, the 'net replacement rate' is defined as the individual net pension entitlement divided by net pre-retirement earnings, taking into account personal income taxes and social security contributions paid by workers and pensioners. The sub-index value for 'adequency' fell from 38.8 in 2020 to 33.5 in 2021. The sub-index value for 'sustainability' decreased from 43.1 in 2020 to 41.8 in 2021. The sub-index value for 'integrity' increased from 60.3 in 2020 to 61.0 in 2021. </p><p style="text-align:justify">• In the case of India, the sub-indices values for 'adequacy', 'sustainablity' and 'integrity' are 33.5, 41.8 and 61.0 during 2021, respectively. The 'adequacy' sub-index represents the benefits that are being provided together with some important system design features. The 'adequacy' sub-index covers Benefits, System design, Savings, Government support, Home ownership and Growth assets. The 'sustainability' sub-index has a focus on the future and measures various indicators, which will influence the likelihood that the current system is able to provide benefits in the future. The 'sustainability' sub-index covers Pension coverage, Total assets, Demography, Public expenditure, Government debt and Economic growth. The 'integrity' sub-index includes many legislative requirements that influence the overall governance and operations of the system, which affect the level of confidence that citizens have in their system. The 'integrity' sub-index covers Regulation, Governance, Protection, Communication and Operating costs. </p><p style="text-align:justify">• In 2021, India has received the overall index value/ grade of 'D'. For 'adequacy', 'sustainablity' and 'integrity', it has got the grades 'E', 'D' and 'C+', respectively. </p><p style="text-align:justify">• Pension system (and overall index value): Argentina (41.5), Australia (75.0), Austria (53.0), Belgium (64.5), Brazil (54.7), Canada (69.8), Chile (67.0), China (55.1), Colombia (58.4), Denmark (82.0), Finland (73.3), France (60.5), Germany (67.9), Hong Kong SAR (61.8), Iceland (84.2), India (43.3), Indonesia (50.4), Ireland (68.3), Israel (77.1), Italy (53.4), Japan (49.8), Korea (48.3), Malaysia (59.6), Mexico (49.0), Netherlands (83.5), New Zealand (67.4), Norway (75.2), Peru (55.0), Philippines (42.7), Poland (55.2), Saudi Arabia (58.1), Singapore (70.7), South Africa (53.6), Spain (58.6), Sweden (72.9), Switzerland (70.0), Taiwan (51.8), Thailand (40.6), Turkey (45.8), United Arab Emirates (59.6), United Kingdom (71.6), Uruguay (60.7), United States of America (61.4).</p><p style="text-align:justify">• The overall index value for the Indian system could be increased by:</p><p style="text-align:justify">-- introducing a minimum level of support for the poorest aged individuals<br />-- increasing coverage of pension arrangements for the unorganised working class<br />-- introducing a minimum access age so that it is clear that benefits are preserved for retirement purposes<br />-- improving the regulatory requirements for the private pension system</p><p style="text-align:justify">• The systems with the highest value for the adequacy sub-index are Iceland (82.7) and the Netherlands (82.1), with Thailand (35.2) and India (33.5) having the lowest values. While several indicators influence these scores, the level of the minimum pension (expressed as a percentage of the average wage) and the net replacement rate for a range of incomes are the most important.</p><p style="text-align:justify">• The minimum pension ranges from less than 5 percent of the average wage in China, India, Malaysia, Philippines, Saudi Arabia, Thailand and Uruguay to 35 per cent or more in Brazil, Denmark, Iceland and New Zealand. Indonesia does not provide a minimum pension.</p><p style="text-align:justify">• The rates of coverage for private pension plans ranged from nil in Argentina and about six percent in India to more than 80 percent of the working age population in Chile, Denmark, Finland, France, Iceland, the Netherlands, New Zealand, Sweden and Taiwan.</p><p style="text-align:justify">----</p><p style="text-align:justify">The <a href="/upload/files/OCCASIONAL-PAPER-SERIES-10-final.pdf" title="/upload/files/OCCASIONAL-PAPER-SERIES-10-final.pdf">study</a> titled <a name="is-platform-work-decent-work-a-case-of-food-delivery-workers-in-karnataka-released-on-8th-september-2021">Is Platform Work Decent Work? A Case of Food Delivery Workers in Karnataka (released on 8th September, 2021)</a>, which was published by the National Law School of India University (Bangalore), is a contribution to the understanding of jobs in the platform economy or gig economy. It attempts to examine the earnings of platform workers and explores their experiences on the job in Bengaluru. The <a href="/upload/files/OCCASIONAL-PAPER-SERIES-10-final.pdf" title="/upload/files/OCCASIONAL-PAPER-SERIES-10-final.pdf">study</a> documented below the minimum wage earnings despite long work hours well beyond 8 hours on average per day for most platform workers engaged in various food delivery platforms in Karnataka. </p><p style="text-align:justify"> <br>
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Farm Crisis | Unemployment </title>
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• In 2017-18, 24.8 percent of rural working-age men and 74.5 percent of rural working-age (viz. 15-59 years) women were not employed. In urban areas, 25.8 percent of working-age men and 80.2 percent of working-age women were not employed AB
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• In 2017-18, 24.8 percent of rural working-age men and 74.5 percent of rural working-age (viz. 15-59 years) women were not employed. In urban areas, 25.8 percent of working-age men and 80.2 percent of working-age women were not employed AB
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<h3><b>Farm Crisis</b></h3>
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<h1 class="cat-box-title">Unemployment</h1>
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<h2 style="font-weight: bold; font-size: 13px;">What's Inside</h2>
<ul class="whatsinside">
<li>
<a href="https://im4change.in/farm-crisis/unemployment-30.html?pgno=2#crushed-2022-4th-edition-released-on-13th-december-2022">Crushed 2022, 4th edition (released on 13th December 2022)</a>
</li>
<li>
<a href="https://im4change.in/farm-crisis/unemployment-30.html?pgno=3#accessing-minimum-wages-evidence-from-delhi-released-on-july-4-2022">Accessing Minimum Wages: Evidence from Delhi (released on July 4, 2022)</a>
</li>
<li>
<a href="https://im4change.in/farm-crisis/unemployment-30.html?pgno=4#taking-the-temperature-report-edition-3-a-roadmap-for-recovery-governance-infrastructure-and-self-reliance">Taking the Temperature Report Edition 3: A roadmap for recovery: governance, infrastructure, and self-reliance</a>
</li>
<li>
<a href="https://im4change.in/farm-crisis/unemployment-30.html?pgno=4#taking-the-temperature-report-edition-2-the-deepening-impact-of-covid-19-on-indiarsquos-creative-economy">Taking the Temperature Report Edition 2: The deepening impact of COVID-19 on India’s creative economy</a>
</li>
<li>
<a href="https://im4change.in/farm-crisis/unemployment-30.html?pgno=4#taking-the-temperature-report-edition-1-impact-of-covid-19-on-indiarsquos-creative-economy">Taking the Temperature Report Edition 1: Impact of Covid-19 on India’s Creative Economy</a>
</li>
<li>
<a href="https://im4change.in/farm-crisis/unemployment-30.html?pgno=5#crushed-2021-3rd-edition-released-on-26th-january-2022">Crushed 2021, 3rd edition (released on 26th January, 2022)</a>
</li>
<li>
<a href="https://im4change.in/farm-crisis/unemployment-30.html?pgno=6#primer-on-labour-codes-in-india-released-in-january-2022">Primer on Labour Codes in India (released in January, 2022)</a>
</li>
<li>
<a href="https://im4change.in/farm-crisis/unemployment-30.html?pgno=6#domestic-work-is-work-by-commonwealth-health-rights-initiative-chri-released-on-10th-december2021">Domestic Work is Work by Commonwealth Health Rights Initiative-CHRI (released on 10th December,2021)</a>
</li>
<li>
<a href="https://im4change.in/farm-crisis/unemployment-30.html?pgno=6#mercer-cfa-institute-global-pension-index-2021-pension-reform-in-challenging-times-released-in-october-2021nbsp">Mercer CFA Institute Global Pension Index 2021: Pension reform in challenging times (released in October, 2021) </a>
</li>
<li>
<a href="https://im4change.in/farm-crisis/unemployment-30.html?pgno=6#is-platform-work-decent-work-a-case-of-food-delivery-workers-in-karnataka-released-on-8th-september-2021">Is Platform Work Decent Work? A Case of Food Delivery Workers in Karnataka (released on 8th September, 2021)</a>
</li>
</ul>
<div><a href="javascript:void(0)" id="morewhatsinsidelink" onClick="javascript:$('#morewhatsinside').show();$('#morewhatsinsidelink').hide();$('#lesswhatsinsidelink').show();">More</a></div>
<ul class="whatsinside" id="morewhatsinside" style="display:none">
<li>
<a href="https://im4change.in/farm-crisis/unemployment-30.html?pgno=7#report-on-the-first-round-of-quarterly-employment-survey-under-the-aqees-released-in-september-2021">Report on the First Round of Quarterly Employment Survey under the AQEES (released in September, 2021)</a>
</li>
<li>
<a href="https://im4change.in/farm-crisis/unemployment-30.html?pgno=8#annual-report-of-the-periodic-labour-force-survey-2019-20-released-on-23rd-july-2021">Annual Report of the Periodic Labour Force Survey 2019-20 (released on 23rd July, 2021)</a>
</li>
<li>
<a href="https://im4change.in/farm-crisis/unemployment-30.html?pgno=9#standing-committee-report-on-rural-development-demand-for-grants-2021-22-thirteenth-report">Standing Committee Report on Rural Development: Demand for Grants (2021-22), Thirteenth Report</a>
</li>
<li>
<a href="https://im4change.in/farm-crisis/unemployment-30.html?pgno=9#standing-committee-report-on-labour-social-security-and-welfare-measures-for-inter-state-migrant-workers-2020-21-sixteenth-report">Standing Committee Report on Labour: Social Security and Welfare Measures for Inter-State Migrant Workers (2020-21), Sixteenth Report</a>
</li>
<li>
<a href="https://im4change.in/farm-crisis/unemployment-30.html?pgno=10#lessons-for-social-protection-from-the-covid-19-lockdowns-report-1-of-2-state-relief-released-in-february-2021">Lessons for Social Protection from the COVID-19 Lockdowns Report 1 of 2: State Relief (released in February, 2021)</a>
</li>
<li>
<a href="https://im4change.in/farm-crisis/unemployment-30.html?pgno=10#working-from-home-from-invisibility-to-decent-work-released-in-january-2021">Working from home: From invisibility to decent work (released in January 2021)</a>
</li>
<li>
<a href="https://im4change.in/farm-crisis/unemployment-30.html?pgno=10#time-use-in-india-2019-january-december-2019-released-in-september-2020">Time Use in India-2019, January-December 2019 (released in September 2020)</a>
</li>
<li>
<a href="https://im4change.in/farm-crisis/unemployment-30.html?pgno=10#briefing-note-for-parliamentarians-on-labour-law-reforms">Briefing Note for Parliamentarians on Labour Law Reforms</a>
</li>
<li>
<a href="https://im4change.in/farm-crisis/unemployment-30.html?pgno=10#the-code-on-social-security-2020">The Code on Social Security 2020</a>
</li>
<li>
<a href="https://im4change.in/farm-crisis/unemployment-30.html?pgno=10#the-occupational-safety-health-and-working-conditions-code-2020">The Occupational Safety, Health and Working Conditions Code 2020</a>
</li>
<li>
<a href="https://im4change.in/farm-crisis/unemployment-30.html?pgno=10#the-industrial-relations-code-2020">The Industrial Relations Code 2020</a>
</li>
<li>
<a href="https://im4change.in/farm-crisis/unemployment-30.html?pgno=10#the-code-on-wages-2019">The Code on Wages 2019</a>
</li>
<li>
<a href="https://im4change.in/farm-crisis/unemployment-30.html?pgno=10#parliamentary-standing-committee-report-on-labour-2019-20-the-code-on-social-security-2019-released-in-july-2020">Parliamentary Standing Committee Report on Labour 2019-20, The Code on Social Security 2019 (released in July 2020)</a>
</li>
<li>
<a href="https://im4change.in/farm-crisis/unemployment-30.html?pgno=10#parliamentary-standing-committeenbspreport-on-labour-2019-20-the-industrial-relations-code-2019-released-in-april-2020">Parliamentary Standing Committee Report on Labour 2019-20, The Industrial Relations Code 2019 (released in April 2020)</a>
</li>
<li>
<a href="https://im4change.in/farm-crisis/unemployment-30.html?pgno=10#parliamentary-standing-committeenbspreport-on-labour-2019-20-the-occupational-safety-health-and-working-conditions-code-2019-released-in-february-2020">Parliamentary Standing Committee Report on Labour 2019-20, The Occupational Safety, Health and Working Conditions Code 2019 (released in February 2020)</a>
</li>
<li>
<a href="https://im4change.in/farm-crisis/unemployment-30.html?pgno=10#parliamentary-standing-committeenbspreport-on-labour-2018-19-the-code-on-wages-bill-2017-released-in-december-2018">Parliamentary Standing Committee Report on Labour 2018-19, The Code on Wages Bill 2017 (released in December 2018)</a>
</li>
<li>
<a href="https://im4change.in/farm-crisis/unemployment-30.html?pgno=10#parliamentary-standing-committeenbspreport-on-labour-2014-15-the-factories-amendment-bill-2014-released-in-december-2014">Parliamentary Standing Committee Report on Labour 2014-15, The Factories (Amendment) Bill 2014 (released in December 2014)</a>
</li>
<li>
<a href="https://im4change.in/farm-crisis/unemployment-30.html?pgno=10#tackling-the-covid-19-youth-employment-crisis-in-asia-and-the-pacific-released-on-18th-august-2020">Tackling the COVID-19 youth employment crisis in Asia and the Pacific (released on 18th August, 2020)</a>
</li>
<li>
<a href="https://im4change.in/farm-crisis/unemployment-30.html?pgno=11#workers-in-the-times-of-covid-19-first-round-by-actionaid-india-released-13th-august-2020">Workers in the Times of COVID-19 (first round) by ActionAid India (released 13th August, 2020)</a>
</li>
<li>
<a href="https://im4change.in/farm-crisis/unemployment-30.html?pgno=11#annual-report-on-periodic-labour-force-survey-july-2018-june-2019-released-in-june-2020">Annual Report on Periodic Labour Force Survey, July 2018-June 2019 (released in June 2020)</a>
</li>
<li>
<a href="https://im4change.in/farm-crisis/unemployment-30.html?pgno=12#effects-of-lockdown-on-domestic-workers-released-in-june-2020">Effects of Lockdown on Domestic Workers (released in June 2020)</a>
</li>
<li>
<a href="https://im4change.in/farm-crisis/unemployment-30.html?pgno=13#impact-of-the-covid-19-pandemic-on-agriculture-and-food-security-in-india-released-on-20th-may-2020">Impact of the COVID-19 Pandemic on Agriculture and Food Security in India (released on 20th May, 2020)</a>
</li>
<li>
<a href="https://im4change.in/farm-crisis/unemployment-30.html?pgno=13#covid-19-induced-lockdown-ndash-how-is-the-hinterland-coping-released-on-13th-may-2020">COVID-19 induced Lockdown – How is the Hinterland Coping? (released on 13th May, 2020)</a>
</li>
<li>
<a href="https://im4change.in/farm-crisis/unemployment-30.html?pgno=13#covid-19-analysis-of-impact-and-relief-measures-study-released-on-12th-may-2020">COVID-19: Analysis of Impact and Relief Measures Study (released on 12th May, 2020)</a>
</li>
<li>
<a href="https://im4change.in/farm-crisis/unemployment-30.html?pgno=13#taking-stock-assessing-distribution-and-distress-in-gurugram-during-the-covid-19-lockdown-released-on-26th-april-2020">Taking Stock: Assessing Distribution and Distress in Gurugram during the COVID-19 Lockdown (released on 26th April, 2020)</a>
</li>
<li>
<a href="https://im4change.in/farm-crisis/unemployment-30.html?pgno=13#second-round-of-delhi-national-capital-region-coronavirus-telephone-survey-conducted-by-national-data-innovation-centre-ncaer-released-on-1st-may-2020">Second Round of Delhi National Capital Region Coronavirus Telephone Survey conducted by National Data Innovation Centre, NCAER (released on 1st May, 2020)</a>
</li>
<li>
<a href="https://im4change.in/farm-crisis/unemployment-30.html?pgno=13#first-round-of-delhi-national-capital-region-coronavirus-telephone-survey-conducted-by-ncaer-released-on-12th-april-2020">First Round of Delhi National Capital Region Coronavirus Telephone Survey conducted by NCAER (released on 12th April, 2020)</a>
</li>
<li>
<a href="https://im4change.in/farm-crisis/unemployment-30.html?pgno=14#annual-report-on-periodic-labour-force-survey-july-2017-june-2018">Annual Report on Periodic Labour Force Survey (July 2017 - June 2018)</a>
</li>
<li>
<a href="https://im4change.in/farm-crisis/unemployment-30.html?pgno=15#state-of-working-india-2019">State of Working India 2019</a>
</li>
<li>
<a href="https://im4change.in/farm-crisis/unemployment-30.html?pgno=16#state-of-working-india-2018">State of Working India 2018</a>
</li>
<li>
<a href="https://im4change.in/farm-crisis/unemployment-30.html?pgno=17#report-on-ldquomeasuring-productivity-at-the-industry-level-ndash-the-india-klems-databaserdquo-27-march-2018-reserve-bank-of-india">Report on “Measuring Productivity at the Industry Level – The India KLEMS Database”, 27 March, 2018, Reserve Bank of India</a>
</li>
<li>
<a href="https://im4change.in/farm-crisis/unemployment-30.html?pgno=17#draft-report-of-the-task-force-on-improving-employment-data-2017-chaired-by-arvind-panagariya-niti-aayog">Draft Report of the Task Force on Improving Employment Data (2017) chaired by Arvind Panagariya, NITI Aayog</a>
</li>
<li>
<a href="https://im4change.in/farm-crisis/unemployment-30.html?pgno=17#seventh-quarterly-report-on-employment-scenario-in-selectednbsp-sectors-new-series-as-on-1st-october-2017">Seventh Quarterly Report on Employment Scenario in selected sectors (new series) as on 1st October, 2017</a>
</li>
<li>
<a href="https://im4change.in/farm-crisis/unemployment-30.html?pgno=17#sixth-quarterlynbsp-report-on-employment-scenario-in-selected-sectors-new-series-as-on-1st-july-2017">Sixth Quarterly Report on Employment Scenario in selected sectors (new series) as on 1st July, 2017</a>
</li>
<li>
<a href="https://im4change.in/farm-crisis/unemployment-30.html?pgno=17#fifth-quarterlynbsp-report-on-employment-scenario-in-selected-sectors-new-series-as-on-1st-april-2017">Fifth Quarterly Report on Employment Scenario in selected sectors (new series) as on 1st April, 2017</a>
</li>
<li>
<a href="https://im4change.in/farm-crisis/unemployment-30.html?pgno=17#fourth-quarterlynbsp-report-on-employment-scenario-in-selected-sectors-new-series-as-on-1st-january-2017">Fourth Quarterly Report on Employment Scenario in selected sectors (new series) as on 1st January, 2017</a>
</li>
<li>
<a href="https://im4change.in/farm-crisis/unemployment-30.html?pgno=17#third-quarterlynbsp-report-on-employment-scenario-in-selected-sectors-new-series-as-on-1st-october-2016">Third Quarterly Report on Employment Scenario in selected sectors (new series) as on 1st October, 2016</a>
</li>
<li>
<a href="https://im4change.in/farm-crisis/unemployment-30.html?pgno=17#second-quarterlynbsp-report-on-employment-scenario-in-selected-sectors-new-series-as-on-1st-july-2016">Second Quarterly Report on Employment Scenario in selected sectors (new series) as on 1st July, 2016</a>
</li>
<li>
<a href="https://im4change.in/farm-crisis/unemployment-30.html?pgno=17#first-quarterlynbsp-report-on-employment-scenario-in-selected-sectors-new-series-as-on-1st-april-2016">First Quarterly Report on Employment Scenario in selected sectors (new series) as on 1st April, 2016</a>
</li>
<li>
<a href="https://im4change.in/farm-crisis/unemployment-30.html?pgno=17#report-on-fifth-annual-employment-unemployment-survey-2015-16-volume-1-released-in-september-2016">Report on Fifth Annual Employment-Unemployment Survey (2015-16) Volume-1 (released in September 2016)</a>
</li>
<li>
<a href="https://im4change.in/farm-crisis/unemployment-30.html?pgno=17#report-on-4th-annual-employment-unemployment-survey-2013-14">Report on 4th Annual Employment-Unemployment Survey 2013-14</a>
</li>
<li>
<a href="https://im4change.in/farm-crisis/unemployment-30.html?pgno=17#report-on-3rd-annual-employment-unemployment-survey-2012-13">Report on 3rd Annual Employment-Unemployment Survey 2012-13</a>
</li>
<li>
<a href="https://im4change.in/farm-crisis/unemployment-30.html?pgno=17#report-on-2nd-annual-employment-unemployment-survey-2011-12">Report on 2nd Annual Employment-Unemployment Survey 2011-12</a>
</li>
<li>
<a href="https://im4change.in/farm-crisis/unemployment-30.html?pgno=17#report-on-1st-annual-employment-unemployment-survey-2009-10">Report on 1st Annual Employment-Unemployment Survey 2009-10</a>
</li>
<li>
<a href="https://im4change.in/farm-crisis/unemployment-30.html?pgno=18#economic-survey-2015-16">Economic Survey 2015-16</a>
</li>
<li>
<a href="https://im4change.in/farm-crisis/unemployment-30.html?pgno=19#nss-68th-round-report-entitled-employment-and-unemployment-situation-among-major-religious-groups-in-india-2011-12-released-in-february-2016-mospi">NSS 68th Round Report entitled: Employment and Unemployment Situation among Major Religious Groups in India (2011-12) released in February, 2016, MoSPI</a>
</li>
<li>
<a href="https://im4change.in/farm-crisis/unemployment-30.html?pgno=20#economic-survey-2014-15">Economic Survey 2014-15</a>
</li>
<li>
<a href="https://im4change.in/farm-crisis/unemployment-30.html?pgno=21#achievements-and-initiatives-in-the-ministry-of-labour-and-employment">Achievements and Initiatives in the Ministry of Labour and Employment</a>
</li>
<li>
<a href="https://im4change.in/farm-crisis/unemployment-30.html?pgno=21#trends-in-rural-wage-rates-whether-india-reached-lewis-turning-point">Trends in Rural Wage Rates: Whether India Reached Lewis Turning Point</a>
</li>
<li>
<a href="https://im4change.in/farm-crisis/unemployment-30.html?pgno=22#nss-report-no-551-66106-titled-status-of-education-and-vocational-training-in-india-66th-round">NSS report no. 551 (66/10/6) titled Status of Education and Vocational Training in India (66th Round)</a>
</li>
<li>
<a href="https://im4change.in/farm-crisis/unemployment-30.html?pgno=23#global-wage-report-2012-13">Global Wage Report 2012-13</a>
</li>
<li>
<a href="https://im4change.in/farm-crisis/unemployment-30.html?pgno=24#report-on-second-annual-employment-unemployment-survey-2011-12">Report on Second Annual Employment-Unemployment Survey 2011-12</a>
</li>
<li>
<a href="https://im4change.in/farm-crisis/unemployment-30.html?pgno=24#key-indicators-of-employment-and-unemployment-in-india-2009-10-released-on-24-june-2011">Key Indicators of Employment and Unemployment in India, 2009-10 (released on 24 June, 2011)</a>
</li>
<li>
<a href="https://im4change.in/farm-crisis/unemployment-30.html?pgno=25#global-employment-trends-2011">Global Employment Trends 2011</a>
</li>
<li>
<a href="https://im4change.in/farm-crisis/unemployment-30.html?pgno=25#report-on-employment-unemployment-survey-2009-10">Report on Employment & Unemployment Survey (2009-10)</a>
</li>
<li>
<a href="https://im4change.in/farm-crisis/unemployment-30.html?pgno=26#world-social-security-report-201011">World Social Security Report 2010/11</a>
</li>
<li>
<a href="https://im4change.in/farm-crisis/unemployment-30.html?pgno=26#employment-and-unemployment-situation-in-india-2007-08">Employment and Unemployment Situation in India, 2007-08</a>
</li>
<li>
<a href="https://im4change.in/farm-crisis/unemployment-30.html?pgno=27#annual-report-to-the-people-of-india-on-employment-ministry-of-labour-and-employment-july-2010">Annual Report to the people of India on Employment, Ministry of Labour and Employment, July, 2010</a>
</li>
<li>
<a href="https://im4change.in/farm-crisis/unemployment-30.html?pgno=27#employment-and-unemployment-situation-in-india-2005-06">Employment and Unemployment Situation in India 2005-06</a>
</li>
<li>
<a href="https://im4change.in/farm-crisis/unemployment-30.html?pgno=27#women-in-labour-markets-measuring-progress-and-identifying-challenges-march-2010">Women in labour markets: Measuring progress and identifying challenges, March 2010</a>
</li>
<li>
<a href="https://im4change.in/farm-crisis/unemployment-30.html?pgno=27#global-employment-trends-by-international-labour-organization-ilo-january-2010">Global Employment Trends by International Labour Organization (ILO), January 2010</a>
</li>
<li>
<a href="https://im4change.in/farm-crisis/unemployment-30.html?pgno=28#national-commission-for-enterprises-in-the-unorganised-sector-nceus-2007">National Commission for Enterprises in the Unorganised Sector--NCEUS (2007)</a>
</li>
<li>
<a href="https://im4change.in/farm-crisis/unemployment-30.html?pgno=28#india-labour-market-report-2008">India Labour Market Report 2008</a>
</li>
</ul>
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</p><p style="text-align:justify">Kindly <a href="/upload/files/Mercer%20primer-new-labour-codes.pdf" target="_blank" title="/upload/files/Mercer%20primer-new-labour-codes.pdf" target="_blank">click here</a> to access the <a name="primer-on-labour-codes-in-india-released-in-january-2022">Primer on Labour Codes in India (released in January, 2022)</a>, which has been prepared by Mercer Consulting.</p><p style="text-align:justify"><strong>---</strong></p><p style="text-align:justify">The <a href="https://im4change.org/upload/files/Domestic%20Work%20is%20Work%20CHRI%202021.pdf" target="_blank" title="https://im4change.org/upload/files/Domestic%20Work%20is%20Work%20CHRI%202021.pdf" target="_blank">report</a> titled <a name="domestic-work-is-work-by-commonwealth-health-rights-initiative-chri-released-on-10th-december2021">Domestic Work is Work by Commonwealth Health Rights Initiative-CHRI (released on 10th December,2021)</a> explores the situation of domestic workers and the status of ratification of C189 in specific Commonwealth countries. It includes five Commonwealth nations that have yet to ratify C189: United Kingdom, Uganda, India, Papua New Guinea, and Dominica. These countries were selected because their governments have either committed to ratifying C189, are considering ratification, or face mounting local civil society pressure to ratify - all suggesting some momentum for change. Each case study focuses on the challenges facing domestic workers and explores actions that both governments and civil society can take to support domestic workers and promote C189.</p><p style="text-align:justify">The <a href="https://im4change.org/upload/files/Domestic%20Work%20is%20Work%20CHRI%202021.pdf" target="_blank" title="https://im4change.org/upload/files/Domestic%20Work%20is%20Work%20CHRI%202021.pdf" target="_blank">report by CHRI</a> also includes two additional case studies - countries that have shown their commitment to protecting the rights of domestic workers and advancing decent work for all by ratifying C189: Jamaica and South Africa. These stories of good practice provide insights into lessons learnt for effective civil society advocacy and government collaboration. The ratification stories of Jamaica and South Africa also exemplify the power of strategic grassroots advocacy for bringing about essential change.</p><p style="text-align:justify">Key Recommendations</p><p style="text-align:justify">Civil society and advocates can take the following key actions to complement state actions and to promote the ratification of C189 and the rights of domestic workers in their countries:<br /> <br />* Collaborate with domestic workers and organisations led by domestic workers to inform responsive and effective advocacy and promote the ability of domestic workers to organise collectively and join trade unions<br />* Engage key decision makers who can push for the ratification and implementation of C189<br />* Utilise key dates as opportunities to strategically advocate for the ratification and implementation of C189<br />* Promote the ratification of C189 and its provisions through public awareness raising, education and campaigns<br />* Increase capacity for research and data collection on the situation of domestic workers<br />* Promote the right to information to enhance advocacy efforts<br />* Join international, and regional and national civil society coalitions and networks<br />* Support aid services for domestic workers<br />* Raise concerns with international and regional human rights mechanisms and experts</p><p style="text-align:justify"><strong>---</strong><br />The key findings of the <a name="mercer-cfa-institute-global-pension-index-2021-pension-reform-in-challenging-times-released-in-october-2021nbsp">Mercer CFA Institute Global Pension Index 2021: Pension reform in challenging times (released in October, 2021) </a> are as follows (please click <a href="https://im4change.org/upload/files/Mercer.pdf" title="https://im4change.org/upload/files/Mercer.pdf">here</a> and <a href="https://www.uk.mercer.com/our-thinking/global-pension-index-2021.html" title="https://www.uk.mercer.com/our-thinking/global-pension-index-2021.html">here</a> to access): </p><p style="text-align:justify">• The Mercer CFA Institute Global Pension Index 2021 benchmarks 43 retirement income systems around the world, highlighting strengths and weaknesses. In 2021, new entrant Iceland is named as having the world’s best pension system overall. However, as the world continues to grapple with the economic implications of the pandemic and its ongoing health crisis, the study also reveals factors causing the gender pension gap around the world. It’s critical that policymakers and governments reflect on the strengths and weaknesses of their systems to deliver better long-term outcomes for future retirees.</p><p style="text-align:justify">• India’s retirement income system comprises an earnings-related employee pension scheme, a defined contribution employee provident fund, and supplementary employer managed pension schemes that are largely defined contribution in nature.</p><p style="text-align:justify">• Government schemes have been launched as part of universal social security program aimed at benefiting the unorganised sector. The EPFO’s schemes continue to be the primary one for the organized sector. The National Pension System is gradually gaining popularity.</p><p style="text-align:justify">• India (along with Japan, Mexico, South Korea, Turkey, Philippines, Argentina and Thailand) has a pension system that has some desirable features, but also has major weaknesses and/or omissions that need to be addressed. Without these improvements, its efficacy and sustainability are in doubt. </p><p style="text-align:justify">• In 2021, India ranks 40th in overall index out of 43 pension systems. </p><p style="text-align:justify">• The Indian index value decreased from 45.7 in 2020 to 43.3 in 2021 primarily due to a fall in the net replacement rates. According to the <a href="https://data.oecd.org/pension/net-pension-replacement-rates.htm" title="https://data.oecd.org/pension/net-pension-replacement-rates.htm">OECD</a>, the 'net replacement rate' is defined as the individual net pension entitlement divided by net pre-retirement earnings, taking into account personal income taxes and social security contributions paid by workers and pensioners. The sub-index value for 'adequency' fell from 38.8 in 2020 to 33.5 in 2021. The sub-index value for 'sustainability' decreased from 43.1 in 2020 to 41.8 in 2021. The sub-index value for 'integrity' increased from 60.3 in 2020 to 61.0 in 2021. </p><p style="text-align:justify">• In the case of India, the sub-indices values for 'adequacy', 'sustainablity' and 'integrity' are 33.5, 41.8 and 61.0 during 2021, respectively. The 'adequacy' sub-index represents the benefits that are being provided together with some important system design features. The 'adequacy' sub-index covers Benefits, System design, Savings, Government support, Home ownership and Growth assets. The 'sustainability' sub-index has a focus on the future and measures various indicators, which will influence the likelihood that the current system is able to provide benefits in the future. The 'sustainability' sub-index covers Pension coverage, Total assets, Demography, Public expenditure, Government debt and Economic growth. The 'integrity' sub-index includes many legislative requirements that influence the overall governance and operations of the system, which affect the level of confidence that citizens have in their system. The 'integrity' sub-index covers Regulation, Governance, Protection, Communication and Operating costs. </p><p style="text-align:justify">• In 2021, India has received the overall index value/ grade of 'D'. For 'adequacy', 'sustainablity' and 'integrity', it has got the grades 'E', 'D' and 'C+', respectively. </p><p style="text-align:justify">• Pension system (and overall index value): Argentina (41.5), Australia (75.0), Austria (53.0), Belgium (64.5), Brazil (54.7), Canada (69.8), Chile (67.0), China (55.1), Colombia (58.4), Denmark (82.0), Finland (73.3), France (60.5), Germany (67.9), Hong Kong SAR (61.8), Iceland (84.2), India (43.3), Indonesia (50.4), Ireland (68.3), Israel (77.1), Italy (53.4), Japan (49.8), Korea (48.3), Malaysia (59.6), Mexico (49.0), Netherlands (83.5), New Zealand (67.4), Norway (75.2), Peru (55.0), Philippines (42.7), Poland (55.2), Saudi Arabia (58.1), Singapore (70.7), South Africa (53.6), Spain (58.6), Sweden (72.9), Switzerland (70.0), Taiwan (51.8), Thailand (40.6), Turkey (45.8), United Arab Emirates (59.6), United Kingdom (71.6), Uruguay (60.7), United States of America (61.4).</p><p style="text-align:justify">• The overall index value for the Indian system could be increased by:</p><p style="text-align:justify">-- introducing a minimum level of support for the poorest aged individuals<br />-- increasing coverage of pension arrangements for the unorganised working class<br />-- introducing a minimum access age so that it is clear that benefits are preserved for retirement purposes<br />-- improving the regulatory requirements for the private pension system</p><p style="text-align:justify">• The systems with the highest value for the adequacy sub-index are Iceland (82.7) and the Netherlands (82.1), with Thailand (35.2) and India (33.5) having the lowest values. While several indicators influence these scores, the level of the minimum pension (expressed as a percentage of the average wage) and the net replacement rate for a range of incomes are the most important.</p><p style="text-align:justify">• The minimum pension ranges from less than 5 percent of the average wage in China, India, Malaysia, Philippines, Saudi Arabia, Thailand and Uruguay to 35 per cent or more in Brazil, Denmark, Iceland and New Zealand. Indonesia does not provide a minimum pension.</p><p style="text-align:justify">• The rates of coverage for private pension plans ranged from nil in Argentina and about six percent in India to more than 80 percent of the working age population in Chile, Denmark, Finland, France, Iceland, the Netherlands, New Zealand, Sweden and Taiwan.</p><p style="text-align:justify">----</p><p style="text-align:justify">The <a href="/upload/files/OCCASIONAL-PAPER-SERIES-10-final.pdf" title="/upload/files/OCCASIONAL-PAPER-SERIES-10-final.pdf">study</a> titled <a name="is-platform-work-decent-work-a-case-of-food-delivery-workers-in-karnataka-released-on-8th-september-2021">Is Platform Work Decent Work? A Case of Food Delivery Workers in Karnataka (released on 8th September, 2021)</a>, which was published by the National Law School of India University (Bangalore), is a contribution to the understanding of jobs in the platform economy or gig economy. It attempts to examine the earnings of platform workers and explores their experiences on the job in Bengaluru. The <a href="/upload/files/OCCASIONAL-PAPER-SERIES-10-final.pdf" title="/upload/files/OCCASIONAL-PAPER-SERIES-10-final.pdf">study</a> documented below the minimum wage earnings despite long work hours well beyond 8 hours on average per day for most platform workers engaged in various food delivery platforms in Karnataka. </p><p style="text-align:justify"> <br>
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The report titled Domestic Work is Work by Commonwealth Health Rights Initiative-CHRI (released on 10th December,2021) explores the situation of domestic workers and the status of ratification of C189 in specific Commonwealth countries. It includes five Commonwealth nations that have yet to ratify C189: United Kingdom, Uganda, India, Papua New Guinea, and Dominica. These countries were selected because their governments have either committed to ratifying C189, are considering ratification, or face mounting local civil society pressure to ratify - all suggesting some momentum for change. Each case study focuses on the challenges facing domestic workers and explores actions that both governments and civil society can take to support domestic workers and promote C189.
The report by CHRI also includes two additional case studies - countries that have shown their commitment to protecting the rights of domestic workers and advancing decent work for all by ratifying C189: Jamaica and South Africa. These stories of good practice provide insights into lessons learnt for effective civil society advocacy and government collaboration. The ratification stories of Jamaica and South Africa also exemplify the power of strategic grassroots advocacy for bringing about essential change.
Key Recommendations
Civil society and advocates can take the following key actions to complement state actions and to promote the ratification of C189 and the rights of domestic workers in their countries:
* Collaborate with domestic workers and organisations led by domestic workers to inform responsive and effective advocacy and promote the ability of domestic workers to organise collectively and join trade unions * Engage key decision makers who can push for the ratification and implementation of C189 * Utilise key dates as opportunities to strategically advocate for the ratification and implementation of C189 * Promote the ratification of C189 and its provisions through public awareness raising, education and campaigns * Increase capacity for research and data collection on the situation of domestic workers * Promote the right to information to enhance advocacy efforts * Join international, and regional and national civil society coalitions and networks * Support aid services for domestic workers * Raise concerns with international and regional human rights mechanisms and experts
• The Mercer CFA Institute Global Pension Index 2021 benchmarks 43 retirement income systems around the world, highlighting strengths and weaknesses. In 2021, new entrant Iceland is named as having the world’s best pension system overall. However, as the world continues to grapple with the economic implications of the pandemic and its ongoing health crisis, the study also reveals factors causing the gender pension gap around the world. It’s critical that policymakers and governments reflect on the strengths and weaknesses of their systems to deliver better long-term outcomes for future retirees.
• India’s retirement income system comprises an earnings-related employee pension scheme, a defined contribution employee provident fund, and supplementary employer managed pension schemes that are largely defined contribution in nature.
• Government schemes have been launched as part of universal social security program aimed at benefiting the unorganised sector. The EPFO’s schemes continue to be the primary one for the organized sector. The National Pension System is gradually gaining popularity.
• India (along with Japan, Mexico, South Korea, Turkey, Philippines, Argentina and Thailand) has a pension system that has some desirable features, but also has major weaknesses and/or omissions that need to be addressed. Without these improvements, its efficacy and sustainability are in doubt.
• In 2021, India ranks 40th in overall index out of 43 pension systems.
• The Indian index value decreased from 45.7 in 2020 to 43.3 in 2021 primarily due to a fall in the net replacement rates. According to the OECD, the 'net replacement rate' is defined as the individual net pension entitlement divided by net pre-retirement earnings, taking into account personal income taxes and social security contributions paid by workers and pensioners. The sub-index value for 'adequency' fell from 38.8 in 2020 to 33.5 in 2021. The sub-index value for 'sustainability' decreased from 43.1 in 2020 to 41.8 in 2021. The sub-index value for 'integrity' increased from 60.3 in 2020 to 61.0 in 2021.
• In the case of India, the sub-indices values for 'adequacy', 'sustainablity' and 'integrity' are 33.5, 41.8 and 61.0 during 2021, respectively. The 'adequacy' sub-index represents the benefits that are being provided together with some important system design features. The 'adequacy' sub-index covers Benefits, System design, Savings, Government support, Home ownership and Growth assets. The 'sustainability' sub-index has a focus on the future and measures various indicators, which will influence the likelihood that the current system is able to provide benefits in the future. The 'sustainability' sub-index covers Pension coverage, Total assets, Demography, Public expenditure, Government debt and Economic growth. The 'integrity' sub-index includes many legislative requirements that influence the overall governance and operations of the system, which affect the level of confidence that citizens have in their system. The 'integrity' sub-index covers Regulation, Governance, Protection, Communication and Operating costs.
• In 2021, India has received the overall index value/ grade of 'D'. For 'adequacy', 'sustainablity' and 'integrity', it has got the grades 'E', 'D' and 'C+', respectively.
• Pension system (and overall index value): Argentina (41.5), Australia (75.0), Austria (53.0), Belgium (64.5), Brazil (54.7), Canada (69.8), Chile (67.0), China (55.1), Colombia (58.4), Denmark (82.0), Finland (73.3), France (60.5), Germany (67.9), Hong Kong SAR (61.8), Iceland (84.2), India (43.3), Indonesia (50.4), Ireland (68.3), Israel (77.1), Italy (53.4), Japan (49.8), Korea (48.3), Malaysia (59.6), Mexico (49.0), Netherlands (83.5), New Zealand (67.4), Norway (75.2), Peru (55.0), Philippines (42.7), Poland (55.2), Saudi Arabia (58.1), Singapore (70.7), South Africa (53.6), Spain (58.6), Sweden (72.9), Switzerland (70.0), Taiwan (51.8), Thailand (40.6), Turkey (45.8), United Arab Emirates (59.6), United Kingdom (71.6), Uruguay (60.7), United States of America (61.4).
• The overall index value for the Indian system could be increased by:
-- introducing a minimum level of support for the poorest aged individuals -- increasing coverage of pension arrangements for the unorganised working class -- introducing a minimum access age so that it is clear that benefits are preserved for retirement purposes -- improving the regulatory requirements for the private pension system
• The systems with the highest value for the adequacy sub-index are Iceland (82.7) and the Netherlands (82.1), with Thailand (35.2) and India (33.5) having the lowest values. While several indicators influence these scores, the level of the minimum pension (expressed as a percentage of the average wage) and the net replacement rate for a range of incomes are the most important.
• The minimum pension ranges from less than 5 percent of the average wage in China, India, Malaysia, Philippines, Saudi Arabia, Thailand and Uruguay to 35 per cent or more in Brazil, Denmark, Iceland and New Zealand. Indonesia does not provide a minimum pension.
• The rates of coverage for private pension plans ranged from nil in Argentina and about six percent in India to more than 80 percent of the working age population in Chile, Denmark, Finland, France, Iceland, the Netherlands, New Zealand, Sweden and Taiwan.
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The study titled Is Platform Work Decent Work? A Case of Food Delivery Workers in Karnataka (released on 8th September, 2021), which was published by the National Law School of India University (Bangalore), is a contribution to the understanding of jobs in the platform economy or gig economy. It attempts to examine the earnings of platform workers and explores their experiences on the job in Bengaluru. The study documented below the minimum wage earnings despite long work hours well beyond 8 hours on average per day for most platform workers engaged in various food delivery platforms in Karnataka.
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